高中英语阅读理解第三部分名人故事五练习

第三部分名人故事（五）

21. Albert Einstein, a Great Scientific Thinker

艾伯特?爱因斯坦—伟大的科学思想家

艾伯特?爱因斯坦，举世闻名的德裔美国科学家，现代物理学的开创者和奠基人。爱因斯坦的狭义相对论成功地揭示了能量与质量之间的关系，解决了长期存在的恒星能源来源的难题。近年来发现越来越多的高能物理现象，狭义相对论已成为解释这种现象的一种最基本的理论工具。其广义相对论也解决了一个天文学上多年的不解之谜，并推断出后来被验证了s的光线弯曲现象，还成为后来许多天文概念的理论基础。大大推动了现代天文学的发展。

Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time.

Born of Jewish parents at Ulm in Germany, he completed his education in Switzerland and got his Ph. D. at the University of Zurich. He went to live in the United States in 1933 because of the rise of Nazism in Germany and Hitler’s persecution of the Jews.

In 1905, while still at Zurich, he published his Special Theory of Relativity, which was based on things everyone may have noticed. If two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move, a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving, and before he finds out what is happening, he can see that one train is moving relative to the other. From this and also from other more complicated facts, Einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there is really no such thing as absolute motion. Some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light, and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light. By 1915, Einstein had made known his General Theory of Relativity. He also improved on Newton’s theory of gravity. Most o f his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange. For his important work he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.

Towards the end of his life, Einstein was asked by a group of students to explain his complicated Theory of Relativity. He said, “When you sit with a pretty girl for an hour, it seems like a minute; but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, it seems like an hour. That is relativity.”

Comprehension Questions:

C. still in Switzerland at the age of twenty-six.

D. still at the University of Zurich at the age of thirty-six.

3. One of the conclusions drawn by Einstein is that ______

A. planes can go faster than trains and buses.

B. people couldn't run as fast as vehicles.

C. light goes the fastest of all things.

D. two trains can never go at the same time.

4. Einstein added that if something such as a ruler was moving, it would seem to get shorter and shorter ______

A. because the ruler itself was short.

B. when it was moving faster and faster.

C. because we can't see it clearly.

D. because the ruler was broken into pieces.

5. Albert Einstein was world-famous for his ______

A. Special Theory of Relativity.

B. General Theory of Relativity.

C. improving on Newton’s theory of gravity.

D. all his work mentioned above.

(DCCBD)

22. Madame Curie, the First Winner of Two Nobel Prizes

居里夫人—第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者

居里夫人，波兰裔法国籍女物理学家、放射化学家。一位影响过世界进程、伟大无私而又谦逊质朴的女性；在科学探索中坚毅刻苦、锲而不舍并取得卓越非凡功绩的人；第一位两次诺贝尔奖获得者；原子能时代的开创者之一。1903年和丈夫皮埃尔·居里及亨利·贝克勒尔共同获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，1911年又因放射化学方面的成就获得诺贝尔化学奖。

with another scientist, metallic radium. For this she received the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. So she was the first to get a second Nobel Prize. Comprehension Questions:

1. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage? ______

A. Madame Curie was a chemist and physicist.

B. Warsaw is the capital of Poland.

C. It was Marie’s father who had her interested in science.

D. Marie Curie and Pierre Curie studied at the Sorbonne.

2. According to Marie Curie’s report in 1898, ______

A. there was a new powerful radioactive element existing in some metal.

B. the two elements polonium and radium existed in pitchblende ores.

C. some new powerful radioactive elements might exist in pitchblende ores.

D. she had found out the nature of uranium.

3. The 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics was given to ______

A. Madams Curie.

B. Pierre Curie.

C. the Curies.

D. the Curies and Becquerel.

4. After husb and’s death, Madame Curie ______

A. succeeded in becoming a professor of physics at Sorbonne.