牛津译林版八年级下册被动语态(一)学案(无答案)
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
被动语态passive voice
--基础篇
Part one
什么叫语态?
是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
什么叫被动?
--由外力推动而行动,即:主语是动作的承受者
表示被动的是哪一种词性呢?
--动词
在中文里面,一般情况下直接在动词的前面加“被”“受”“给”来表示被动例如:风太大,我快被刮跑了。
音乐太吵,我受影响了。
那英文里面是怎么表达“被动”的呢?
be动词(这次是助动词)+动词的过去分词
---翻译:被...(怎么样)
如:
主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
Many people speak Chinese.
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者。
Chinese is spoken by many people.
梳理:
被动语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示:主语是动作的执行者;
被动语态表示:主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式;
一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
被动语态的结构:
英语中,被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
注:将来进行时和现在完成进行时,没有被动语态
如:Some new computers were stolen last night.
This bridge was founded in 1981.
注意:这个时候是没有动作的执行者的。
当句子中有动作的执行者,应该怎么表达呢?
这个时候需要在执行者的前面+by
by是什么意思呢?
--被,由
The glass was broken by Mike. 这个玻璃杯被Mike打碎了。
This book was written by him. 这本书是由他写的。
Part two
句式变化
肯定句中
主动语态变被动语态的方法步骤:
(1)把主语和宾语的位置调换,在原先主语的前面+y
(2)并且把宾语转变成主格的形式,把主语转变成宾格的形式;
(3)谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all the people.
They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.
在各个时态中具体改变规则如下:
将来进行时(shall(will)be doing):
无被动语态
We hope your company will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment.
我们希望贵公司早些派一名工程师来检查这台设备。
In a few minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere.
几分钟后我们的客机将在同温层中飞行。
We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. 我们希望科学家们将发掘新的能源来满足能量的需要。
What will you be doing this evening? 今晚你将做什么?
现在完成进行时(have(has)been doing):
无被动语态
I have been living in Anshan Since 1980.1980年以来,我一直住在鞍山。
How long have you been studying English? 你学英语多久了?
We have been waiting at the airport for the because of the thick fog.
由于大雾,我们已经在机场等了一整天了。
Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronomy. 从那时以来,应用数学家成功地处理了许多天文学上的问题。
一般现在时:
主动语态:We believe him.
被动语态:He is believed by us.
一般过去时:
主动语态:He bought his children some pens.
被动语态:Some pens were bought for his children by him.
一般将来时:
主动语态:Everyone will know the truth soon .
被动语态:The truth will be known by everyone.
注意:
“shall do”中的“shall”要随新主语变为“will”,“do”要变为“be done”。
主动语态:I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动语态:My second boy will be sent to school next September.
明年九月我将送我次子去读书。
现在进行时:
主动语态:Mary is making a doll.