南开大学研究生入学考试英美文学2004

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英美文学2004

南开大学2004年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英美文学专业：英语语言文学Part One Defining The Literary TermsDirections: give brief explanations to the following terms and write all your answers on the Answer Sheets. (30 points)1. allegory2. tragicomedy3. alliteration4. stream of consciousness5. lyric6. gothic novel7. free verse8. iambic pentameter9. heroic couplet10. meter11. old English12. sonnet13. point of view14.blank versePart Two: Analysis of Literary WorksDirections: Read the following selections and answer briefly the questions in your own words.Please write all your answers on the Answer Sheet. (60 points)Selection OneUncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe)A Slave Warehouse! Perhaps some of my readers conjure up horrible visions of such a place. They fancy some foul, obscure den, some horrible Tartarus “informis, ingens, cui lumen ademptum.” But no, innocent friend! In these days men have learned the art of sinning expertly and genteelly, so as not to shock the eyes and senses of respectable society. Human property is high in the market; and is therefore well fed, well cleaned, tended and looked after, that it may come to sale sleek, and strong, and shining. A slave warehouse in New Orleans is a house externally not much unlike many others, kept with neatness; and where every day you may see arranged, under a sort of shed along the outside, rows of men and women, who stand there as a sign of the property sold within.1. What is the social significance of this novel? Discuss it with reference to its theme.2. What are the features of local colorism? Discuss the local colorism with reference to this novel. Selection TwoLady Lazarus (Sylvia Plath)I have done it again.one year in every tenI manage it—A sort of walking miracle, my skinBright as a Nazi lampshade,My right footA paperweight,My face a featureless, fineJew linen.Peel off the napkinO my enemy.Do I terrify?—The nose, the eye pits, the full set of teeth?The sour breathWill vanish in a day.3. Read the five stanzas taken from the poem. What does the poet want to convey inthis poem?4. Discuss the Confessional Poetry with reference to this poem.Selection 3The Red Badge of Courage (Stephen Crane)Chapter 1The cold passed reluctantly from the earth, and the retiring fogs revealed an army stretched out on the hills, resting. As the landscape changed from brown to green, the army awakened, and began to tremble with eagerness at the noise of rumors. It cast its eyes upon the roads, which were growing from long troughs of liquid mud to proper thoroughfares. A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, purpled at the army’s feet; and at night, when the stream had become of a sorrowful blackness, one could see across it the red eyelike gleam of hostile camp-fires set in the low brows of distant hills.5. Discuss its main character.6. Discuss American Naturalism with reference to this novel.Selection Fourl(a (e.e. cummings)l(aleaffalls)oneliness7. What is the message conveyed by the poet? Discuss the features of imagism with reference to this poem.8. Comment on the technique adopted by the poet.Selection FiveThe Harbor (Carl Sandburg)Passing through huddled and ugly wallsBy doorways where womenLooked from their hunger-deep eyes,Haunted with shadows of hunger-hands,Out from the huddled and ugly walls,I came sudden, at the city’s edge,On a blue burst of lake,Long lake waves breaking under the sunOn a spray-flung of shore;And a fluttering storm of gulls,Masses of great gray wingsAnd flying white belliesVeering and wheeling free in the open.9. Comment on the message conveyed by the poet.I0. Comment on the skills used by the poet.Selection SixA Valediction: Forbidding Mourning (John Donne)As virtuous men pass mildly away,And whisper to their souls to go,Whilst some of their sad friends do sayThe breath goes now, and some say, No;So let us melt, and make no noise,No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move,Twere profanation of our joysTo tell the laity our love.Moving of the earth brings harms and fears,Men reckon what it did and meant;But trepidation of theThough greater far, is innocent.Dull sublunary lovers’ love(Whose soul is sense) cannot admitAbsence, because it doth removeThose things which elemented it:But we by a love so much refinedThat our selves know not what it is,Inter-assured of the mind,Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss.Our two souls therefore, which are one,Though I must go, endure not yetA breach, but an expansion,Like gold to airy thinness beat.If they be two, they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are two;Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no showTo move, but doth, if the other do.And though it in the center sit,Yet when the other far doth roam,It leans and hearkens after it,And grows erect, as it comes home.Such wilt thou be to me, who mustLike the other foot, obliquely run;Thy firmness makes my circle just,And makes me end where I began.11. Paraphrase stanza 6 of the poem. Do you think it is proper that the author compares the partingof lovers to a process of working gold? Why do you think so?12. Paraphrase the last three stanzas of the poem, explaining what happens to the two feet of acompass as one moves away and then returns.13. What effect is achieved by the speaker’s associating himself and his beloved with the sphere(line 11)?14. Why should the parting of the lovers not be a cause for mourning? What is true love,according to this poem? How persuasive is the speaker?15. What differences do you find between this poem of love and the love poems by EdmundSpencer or by William Shakespeare you have read?Part Three Essay Writing (Please write your essays on the Answer Sheet.)Direction: Write an essay on TWO of the following topics so as to demonstrate your understanding as well as your English proficiency. You are expected to write aWELL-ORIGANIZED essay (with your thesis clearly stated, effectivelydeveloped and properly concluded) in about 200 words. (40 points)Section A1. Discuss William Faulkner’s relationship to the South and his conception of it in hisnovels. Detailed analysis of his works is necessary.2. Write an essay showing how William Wordsworth exemplifies romantic period inthe history of British literature. State each characteristic of the period, and for eachgive examples from William’s Wordsworth’s works.3. Comment upon Hemingway’s theme, style and the typical Hemingway hero withreference to his two major works.4. How does The Leather stocking Tales embody the myth of the West? Detailed analysis ofThoreau’s works is necessary.Section BDirections: Read the following and write a COHERENT analysis in no less than 200 words.You should include such elements as its social significance, the setting, plot,characters, theme, and writing technique. Your original ideas will be appreciated.(20 points)Catch-22Joseph HellerChapter FortyThere was, of course, a catch.“Catch-22?” inquired Yossarian.“Of course,” Colonel Korn answered pleasantly, after he had chased the mighty guard of massive M. P. s out with an insouciant flick of his hand and a slightly contemptuous nod--most relaxed, as always, when he could be most cynical. His rimless square eyeglasses glinted with sly amusement as he gazed at Yossarian. “After all, we can’t simply send you home for refusing to fly more missions and keep the rest of the men here, can we? That would hardly be fair to them.”“You’re goddam right!” colonel Cathcart blurted out, lumbering back and forth gracelessly like a winded bull, puffing and pouting angrily. “I’d like to tie him up hand and foot and throw him abroad a plane on every mission. That’s what I’d like to do.”Colonel Korn motioned Colonel Cathcart to be silent and smiled at Yossarian “You know, you really have been making things terribly difficult for Colonel Cathcart,” he observed with flip good humor, as though the fact did not displease him at all. “The men are unhappy and morale is beginning to deteriorate. And it’s all your fault.”“It’s your fault,” Yossarian argued, “for raising the number of missions.”“No, it’s your fault for refusing to fly them,” Colonel Korn retorted. “The men were perfectly content to fly as many missions as we asked as long as they thought they had no alternative. Now you’ve giving them hope, and they’re unhappy. So the blame is all yours.”。

南开大学2004年考研初试真题(020204-金融学)微观经济学、宏观经济学、中国近代经济史答案

经济学院南开大学2004年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：专业基础（微观经济学、宏观经济学、中国近代经济史）专业：经济史第一部分微观经济学、宏观经济学（共100分）一、简答题（每题6分，共30分）1.比较序数效用论和基数效用论在描述者均衡时的区别。

2.对于厂商来说，其产品的需求弹性大于1和小于1对其价格战略（采取降价还是涨价）将产生何种影响？3.什么是边际产品转换率，当它与消费者对这两种产品和边际替代率不等时，市场将怎样调整？4.什么是有效需求，在市场经济中，引起有效需求不足的原因通常有哪些？5.财政赤字对宏观经济有哪些影响？二、计算题：（每题10分，共20分）1.在多马（）增长模型中，要保持国民收入的动态均衡，投资的增长路径必须符合下式要求：()()0st=I t I eρ（a）请说明ρ和s的含义。

（b）如果在现实中投资的增长速度为r，与动态均衡所要求的增长速度不同（r≠ρs），将会发生什么情况？请给出严格的数学证明。

2.假定某企业A的生产函数为：0.50.5=；另一家企业B的Q K L10生产函数为：0.60.410=。

其中Q为产量，K和L分别为资本和Q K L劳动的投入量。

（a）如果两家企业使用同样多的资本和劳动，哪一家企业的产量大？（b）如果资本的投入限于9单位，而劳动的投入没有限制，哪家企业劳动的边际产量更大？三、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1.什么是信息不对称，请举例说明为什么信息不对称人导致市场失灵？2.在固定汇率或盯住汇率制度下，那些因素会造成本国货币升值的压力？根据你学到的经济学知识，分析人民币如果升值可能对本国经济和其它国家经济造成的影响。

四、分析题（共20分）根据美国的在关统计，（1）2002年美国的对外贸易赤字规模为4890亿美元，占美国当年的4.7%；（2）自2000年以来，美国政府开支不断扩大，从2000年相当于总额2%的财政盈余，发展为2003年相当于总额4%的财政赤字；（3）美国的失业率居高不下，达到九年来6.1%的最高水平；（4）与此同时，美联储在最近仍然维持45年以来的最低利率水平。

2004年-2016年南开大学中国现当代文学考研真题解析考研参考书

2004年-2016年南开大学中国现当代文学考研真题解析考研参考书2004南开大学现当代文学考研真题一.名词解释(任选5题,每题8分,本大题共40分)1.爱美剧2.言志派散文3.新感觉派4.《红烛》5.潜在写作6.《一地鸡毛》7.女性写作二.简答(任选4题,每题15分,本大题共60分)1.简述近代文学观念的变化2.简述《家》的成就与影响。

3.简述周作人在新文学初期的理论贡献4.谈谈你对于新写实小说的认识,它与“旧写实”有何区别?5.简述新时期以来女性诗歌的创作6.简述近年来网络文学的基本特点三.论述(任选2题,每题25分,本大题共50分)1.比较七月派诗人与中国新诗派的创作2.曹禺前期创作的成就以及对中国话剧文学的贡献3.以《骆驼祥子》和《茶馆》为代表,谈谈你对老舍创作悲剧意味的理解。

4.《长恨歌》的文化寓意5.1990年代文学的总体状况及其评价6.简述近期对当下文坛缺憾的讨论,并谈谈你的看法专业课的复习和应考有着与公共课不同的策略和技巧，虽然每个考生的专业不同，但是在总体上都有一个既定的规律可以探寻。

以下就是针对考研专业课的一些十分重要的复习方法和技巧。

一、专业课考试的方法论对于报考本专业的考生来说，由于已经有了本科阶段的专业基础和知识储备，相对会比较容易进入状态。

但是，这类考生最容易产生轻敌的心理，因此也需要对该学科能有一个清楚的认识，做到知己知彼。

跨专业考研或者对考研所考科目较为陌生的同学，则应该快速建立起对这一学科的认知构架，第一轮下来能够把握该学科的宏观层面与整体构成，这对接下来具体而丰富地掌握各个部分、各个层面的知识具有全局和方向性的意义。

做到这一点的好处是节约时间，尽快进入一个陌生领域并找到状态。

很多初入陌生学科的同学会经常把注意力放在细枝末节上，往往是浪费了很多时间还未找到该学科的核心，同时缺乏对该学科的整体认识。

其实考研不一定要天天都埋头苦干或者从早到晚一直看书，关键的是复习效率。

南开大学研究生考试英语语言学专业基础英语2004试题及答案

南开大学2004年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：基础英语专业：英语语言文学Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (40 points)Directions: The following 40 short statements are provided each with four items. Y ou are to choose for each the best word or phrase in place of the underlined or missing part. Please write your answer on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.1. The police _____ the witness about the accident.A. questionB. askC. interrogateD. inquire2. The salesman ______ his product when challenged.A. soldB. spoke ofC. stood up forD. stood for3. She makes a rather __ living as a novelist.A. precariousB. precautionaryC. cautiousD. precocious4. She______ the chance to spend a whole day with her father.A. jumped onB. jumped atC. jumped withD. jumped up5. The car ______ to avoid hitting the old man.A. swervedB. rambledC. scurriedD. curtailed6. Anyone who has a sore throat should ______ from alcohol.A. abstainB. retainC. detainD. pertain7. Free market economy, they believe, _____ the national economy rather than corrupt it.A. enforcesB. enhancesC. intensifiesD. strengthens8. Despite a whole night’s emergency treatment, the boy’s condition is stil l critical and his life is now hanging by a _____.A. threadB. cordC. stringD. rope9. The film was banned officially because of the language and scenes it contained.A. decentB. optimalC. obsceneD. vicious10. China will continue to ______ to control population growth and improve the living standard ofChinese people.A. strideB. contriveC. striveD. stripe11. He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A. acknowledgedB. convertedC. conformedD. renounced12. The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A. devisingB. supportingC. fundingD. provoking13. I wish you two would stop bickering.A. complainingB. quarrelingC. bargainingD. murmuring14.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A. forgivingB. releaseC. leniencyD. impartiality15. The little boy listened, enthralled by the Captain’s story.A. fascinatedB. swindledC. shockedD. bored16. I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A. encouragementB. special skillC. shrewdnessD. eloquence17. Y our action is a breach of our university regulations.A. observationB. violationC. creationD. attack18. Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A. predicateB. swingC. dilateD. verify19. Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A. impulsiveB. multicoloredC. obligatoryD. laughable20. Morality, for him, was doing what is expedient.A. undesirableB. unavailableC. advantageousD. inappropriate21. Y ou’d like this one, ?A. don’t youB. didn’t youC. hadn’t youD. wouldn’t you22. Do you happen to know the name of this ?A. beautiful, little, red, butterfly-like insectB. little, beautiful, red, butterfly-like insectC. red; little, beautiful, butterfly-like insectD. red, butterfly-like, beautiful, little insect23. My son walked ten miles today. We never guessed that he could walk _____far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as24. If talks for the new trade agreements take ______, food industries in both countries will beseriously affected.A. much too longB. too much longerC. too much longD. much long25. Jim expected _____ nobody in the room.A. there beingB. there beenC. there to beD. there be26. Frankly, I’d rather you______ anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn’t doC. don’t doD. didn’t27. This is a nation which ______easily to changes.A. adaptsB. is adaptedC. is adaptableD. is adapting28. The young man proved _____his parents’ expectation.A. worthB. worthyC. worth ofD. worthy of29. After a whole day of hard work, all ______ was a nice meal and a good rest.A. what he wantedB. which he wantedC. the thing he wantedD. that he wanted30. A modern city has sprung up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where31. The new literature course differs from the old course _____ the students aren’t required toattend lecture.A. in whichB. whichC. in thatD. whereas32. I wonder whether he knows _______to write a book.A. how great pains it will costB. what great pains will it takeC. what great pains it will costD. what great pains it will take33. ______ college students should learn more about Chinese history.A. I consider important thatB. I consider it importantC. I consider what is importantD. I consider it important that34. To a highly imaginative writer, is a pad of paper and a pen.A. all are requiredB. all required isC. all is requiredD. all that is required35. ______ was of no much help to him at that time.A. Little could I doB. What could I do littleC. The little of which I could doD. The little that I could do36. Scientists have reached the conclusion ______ the temperature on the earth is getting higherand higher.A. whenB. butC. thatD. for that37. The teacher said, “It’s time you ______your oral presentatio n.”A. beganB. should beginC. beginD. are beginning38. Y ou and I could hardly understand each other, ?A. could IB. couldn’t youC. could weD. couldn’t we39. A clue_____ Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in the Abe Lincoln story.A. as for whyB. as to whatC. as to whichD. as to why40. Petroleum is to industry______ blood is to man.A. thatB. as ifC. whatD. whichPart II Cloze T est (20 points)Directions: Read the passage below carefully mad choose the best answer from those given. Write your choice on the answer sheet by marking the corresponding letter in each case.The tuberculosis situation in China is worsening again. It cannot be 1 unless the current situation which China has Four Highs and One Low is changed. The Four Highs and the One Low means a high infection rate, a high drug 2 rate, a high death rate, a high 3 of infection, and a low rate of decline changes.Experts say that China is one of the twenty-two countries in the world with the highest tuberculosis 4 . China ranks second in the world in the 5 number of the people who have TB. Over 500 million Chinese have been 6 to the TB bacillus, six million have active TB and two million are 7 carriers of the disease. Over two hundred and fifty thousand Chinese die each year from TB. This is twice as many as those who die 8 all of China’s oth er contagious diseases 9 .The rate of TB in the Chinese countryside is 2.4 times 10 in the city. In China, as in other countries, at lease half of the 11 , active TB cases, and deaths are in women. Children are the most 12 to infection of all. 13 statistics, the TB death rate among children aged 0-4 are 0.8 per 100,000 and 0.5 per 100,000. A14 found that about half of the TB 15 people have not been found and registered. For 16 reasons, about 65.9 per cent of the people with TB symptoms are not 17 having TB. Experts warn that no disease compares with TB in the damage it 18 on families and the harm it does to China’s economic development. Seventy-five percent of the people with active TB cases 19 in the 15-34 age group, the most 20 age group. This means that China loses 360 million working days each year to TB.1. A. beaten B. conquered C. overcome D. defeated2. A. resistance B. injection C. inferior D. resistable3. A. incidence B. incident C. accident D. accidence4. A. burden B. load C. cargo D. freight5. A. whole B. large C. imaginary D. total6. A. revealed B. revealing C. exposed D. exposing7. A. contagious B. conscientious C. continuous D. consecutive8. A. away B. down C. off D. from9. A. joined B. added C. united D. combined10.A. that B. than C. as D. less11.A. infections B. infectious C. affection D. infectants12.A. fragile B. vulnerable C. feeble D. crisp13.A. On the contrary B. According to C. With respect to D. In addition to14.A. research B. inspect C. survey D. study15.A. opposite B. negative C. opponent D. positive16.A. disparate B. desperate C. various D. distinct17.A. diagnosed as B. diagnosed to C. diagnosed about D. diagnosed with18.A. inflicts B. affiliates C. afflicts D. conflicts19.A. is B. are C. have D. has20.A. prospective B. productive C. predictable D. prudentPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (30 points)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are some choices marked A, B, Cand D. Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer SheetQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The decline of traditional religion in the West has not removed the need for men and women to find a deeper meaning behind existence. Why is the world the way it is and how do we, as conscious individuals, fit into the great scheme?There is a growing feeling that science, especially what is known as the new physics, can provide answers where religion remains vague and faltering. Many people in search of a meaning to their lives are finding enlightenment in the revolutionary developments at the frontiers of science. Much to the bewilderment of professional scientists, quasi-religious cults are being formed around such unlikely topics as quantum physics, space-time relativity, black holes and the big bang.How can physics, with its reputation for cold precision and objective materialism, provide such fertile soil for the mystical? The truth is that the spirit of scientific inquiry has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past 50 years. The twin revolutions of the theory of relativity, with its space-warps and time-warps, and the quantum theory, which reveals the shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms, have demolished the classical image of a clockwork universe slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway. Replacing this sterile mechanism is a world full of shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions that have no counterpart in daily experience.To study the new physics is to embark on a journey of wonderment and paradox, to glimpse the universe in a novel perspective, in which subject and object, mind and matter, force and field, become intertwined. Even the creation of the universe itself has fallen within the province of scientific inquiry.The new cosmology provides, for the first time, a consistent picture of how all physical structures, including space and time, came to exist out of nothing. We are moving towards an understanding in which matter, force, order and creation are unified into a single descriptive theme.Many of us who work in fundamental physics are deeply impressed by the harmony and order which pervades the physical world. To me laws of the universe, from quarks to quasars, dovetail together so felicitously that the impression there is something behind it all seems overwhelming. The laws of physics are so remarkably clever they can surely only be a manifestation or genius.1.The author says people nowadays find that traditional religion is______.A. a form of reassuranceB. inadequate to their needsC. responding to scientific progressD. developing in strange ways2.Scientists find the new cults bewildering because they are_______A. too reactionaryB. based on false evidenceC. derived from inappropriate sourcesD. too subjective3. Which phrase in paragraph 3 suggests that the universe is like a machine?A. Cold precision and objective materialism.B. The shadowy and unsubstantial nature of atoms.C. Slavishly unfolding along a predetermined pathway.D. Shifting indeterminism and subtle interactions.4.The new physics is exciting because itA. offers a comprehensive explanation of the universeB. proves the existence of a ruling intelligenceC. incorporates the work of men of geniusD. makes scientific theories easier to understand5.The author of this passage is_______.A. a minister of religionB. a research scientistC. science fiction writerD. a journalistQuestions 6 to 16 are based on the following passage.Suddenly Lady Windermere looked eagerly round the room, and said, in her clear contralto voice, “where is my chiromantist?”“Y our what, Gladys?” exclaimed the Duchess, trying to remember what a chiromantist really was, and hoping it was not the same as a chiropodist.“My chiromantist, Duchess; I can’t live without him at present. I must certainly introduce him to you.”“Introduce him!”cried the Duchess. Y ou don’t mean to say he is here?” She began looking about for a small tortoiseshell fan and a very tattered lace shawl so as to be ready to go at a moment’s notice.“Of course he is here; 1 would not dream of giving a party without him. He tells me I have a pure psychic hand.”“Oh, I see!” said the Duchess, feeling very much reli eved. “He tells fortunes, I suppose?”“And misfortunes, too,” answered Lady Windermere. “Any amount of them. Next year, for instance, I am in great danger, both by land and sea, so I am going to live in a balloon, and draw up my dinner in a basket every evening. It is all written down on my little finger, or on the palm of my hand. I forgot which.”“But surely that is tempting Providence, Gladys.”“My dear Duchess, surely Providence can resist temptation by this time. Everyone shouldhave their hands told once a month, so as to know what not to do. Of course, one does it all the same, but it is so pleasant to be warned. Ah, here is Mr. Podgers! Now, Mr. Podgers, I want you to tell the Duchess of Paisley’s hand.”“Dear Gladys, I really don’t think it is quite right,” said the Duchess, feebly unbuttoning a rather soiled kid glove.“Nothing interesting ever is,”said Lady Windmere. “But I must introduce you. Duchess, this is Mr. Podgers, my pet chiromantist. Mr. Podgers, this is the Duchess of Paisley, and if you say that she has a larger mountain of the moon than I have, I will never believe you again.”“1 am sure, Gladys, there is nothing of the kind in my hand,” said the Duchess bravely.“Y our grace is quite right,” said Mr. Podgers, glancing at the little fat hand.“The mountain of the mo on is not developed. The line of life, however, is excellent. Y ou will live to a great age, Duchess, and be extremely happy. Ambition — very moderate, line of intellect not exaggerated, line of heart—”“Now, do be indiscreet, Mr. Podgers,” cried Lady Windermere.“Nothing would give me greater pleasure,” said Mr. Podgers, bowing, “if the Duchess ever had been, but I am sorry to say that I see great permanence of affection, combined with a strong sense of duty.”“Pray go on, Mr. Podgers,” said the Duchess, looking quite pleased.“Economy is not the least of your Grace’s virtues,”continued Mr. Podgers, and lady Windermere went off into fits of laughter.Economy is a very good thing,” remarked the Duchess complacently. When 1 married Paisley he had eleven castles, and not a single house fit to live in.”“And now he has twelve houses, and not a single castle,” cried Lady Windmere.”“you have told the Duchess’s character admirably,Mr. Podgers, and now you must tell Lady Flora’s.” In answer to a nod, a tall girl stepped awkwardly from behind the sofa and held out along, bony hand.“Ah, a pianist!”said Mr. Podgers. “V ery reserved, very honest, and with a great love of animals.”“Quite true!” exclaimed the Duchess, turning to Lady Windermere. “Flora keeps two dozen collie dogs at Macloskie, and would turn our town house into a menagerie if her father would let her.”“Well, that is just what I do with my house every Thursday evening,” cried Lady Windermere, laughing. “Only I like lions better than collie dogs, But Mr. Podgers must read some more hands for us. Come, Lady Marvel, show him yours.”But Lady Marvel entirely declined to have her past or her future exposed. In fact, many people seemed afraid to face the odd little man with his stereotyped smile and his bright, beady eyes; and when he told poor Lady Fermor right out before everyone that she did not care a bit for music, but was extremely fond of musicians, it was generally felt that chiromancy was a most dangerous science, and one that ought not to be encouraged, except in private.Lord Arthur Savile, however, who did not know anything about Lady Fermo r’s unfortunate story, was filled with curiosity to have his own hand read, and feeling somewhat shy about putting himself forward, crossed to where Lady Windermere was sitting and asked her if she thought Mr. Podgers would mind.“Of course he won’t mind,”said Lady Windermere. “That is what he is here for. All my lions,Lord Arthur, are performing lions, and jump through hoops whenever I ask them.”6. Lady Windermere’s statement that she “can’t live without”(line 6)her chiromantist is an example of________.A. witB. satireC. exaggerationD. generalization7. The Duchess wants to “be ready to go at a moment’s notice”(line10) because she________.A. is afraid of chiropodistsB. is tired of Lady WindermereC. thinks having her fortune told would be tempting ProvidenceD. does not want to meet Mr. Podgers8. The passage suggests that the Duchess wears a tattered shawl and soiled gloves because she______.A. likes to save moneyB. cannot afford to buy nicer onesC. cares little about appearanceD. prefer to buy nice things for her home9. Lady Windermere’s plan to live in a balloon and draw up her dinner in a basket indicates her______.A. desire to impress the DuchessB. inability to separate reality from fantasyC. whimsical attitude toward fortune-tellingD. respect for the accuracy of Mr. Podger’s fortunes10. Lady Windermere’s speech in lines21-24 shows that she ___________.A. likes to give advice to othersB. dislike knowing what is going to happen to herC. believes that Mr. Podgers has amazing and uncanny powersD. does not take either Providence or chiromancy very seriously.11. The Duchess says, “I really don’t think it is quite right” in line 26 because she ,A. has philosophical and moral objections to fortune-tellingB. thinks that trying to discern the future could be dangerousC. does not like to do what Lady Windermere tells her to doD. believes that Mr. Podgers is likely to predict bad events in her future12. Lady Windermere’s use of the phrase “my pet chiromantist” suggests that Lady WindermereA. provide for Mr. Rodgers’s needB. perceives Mr. Podgers’s devotion to herC. feels possessive toward Mr. PodgersD. likes to belittle Mr. Podgers in front of her friends13. By characterizing the Duchess’s line of intellect as “not exaggerated”, Mr. Podgers showshimself to be .A. tactfulB. disdainfulC. imaginativeD. suspicious14. The Duchess looks “quite pleased” because__________.A. her future is brighter than is Lady windermere’sB. her fear about tempting Providence have been allayedC. Mr. Podgers has not suggested any danger in her immediate futureD. Mr. Podgers has described her characteristics positively15. In addition to telling people’s fortunes, Mr. Podgers___________.A. describes their characteristicsB. describes their past endeavorsC. describes their present occupationD. encourages their unspoken plansQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from differences in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeare’s Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior of indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picasso’s painting Guernica primarily a propositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather an aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes establishes a new principle of organization in the history of an artistic field: the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new principle of organization, some musical works, such as the operas of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of music even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he was an incomparable strategist who exploited limits — the rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bach — in strikingly original ways.16. The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another tobe the_____________.A. basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB. byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC. tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD. result of highly creative scientific activity17. The passage supplies information for answering all of the following questions EXCEPT:A. Has unusual creative activity been characterized as revolutionary?B. Did Beethoven work within a musical tradition that also Included Handel and Bach?C. Is Mozart’s The Marriage of Figaro an example of a creative work that transcended limits?D. Who besides Monteverdi wrote music that the author would consider to embody newprinciples of organization and to be of high aesthetic value?18. The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with____.A. deep skepticismB. strong indignationC. marked indifferenceD. moderate amusement19. The author implies that an innovative scientific contribution is one that__________.A. is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB. is accepted immediately by the scientific communityC. does not relegate particulars to the role of dataD. introduces a new valid generalization20. Which of the following statements would most logically conclude the last paragraph of thepassage?A. Unlike Beethoven, however, even the greatest of modem composers, such as Stravinsky,did not transcend existing musical forms.B. In a similar fashion, existing musical forms were even further exploited by the nextgeneration of great European composers.C. Thus, many of the great composers displayed the same combination of talents exhibited byMonteverdi.D. By contrast, the view that creativity in the arts exploits but does not transcend limits issupported in the field of literature.Section B (10 points)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and give answers to the five questions. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.By the mid century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form. In deed, there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all. Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods, two of them, William Burroughs and Henry Miller, served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa. He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs. The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style. Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories, or where the characters have come from. In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch, Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together, to further disturb the conventional notion of narration. Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works, American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided. In order to better expose compulsive desires, he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships. His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published. Although there are disagreements about Miller’s moral positions, he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.21. What is the main topic of this passage?22. What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?23. What can we assume about Burroughs' earlier works?24. What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?25. What can we infer about the works of the two men?Part IV T ranslation (30 points)Section A E-C translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into good Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet.Translating versus interpretingSome problems arise because people think of translating and interpreting as being two entirely different kinds of operations, one written and the other spoken. But both are part of the same act of producing in a receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source text, whether spoken or written. The significant differences are the speed w ith which an interpreter must make decisions, the enormous tension to keep up with the rapid flow of spoken language, the background knowledge necessary for instant recall, and the willingness to produce something that may not be “perfect.” In fact, no interpretation is ever perfect.Interpreting can, however, be an important plus for a translator, because it immediately forces him or her to be up to date with respect to rapid developments within any discipline, and it highlights the fact that listening to one language and speaking in another is a largely automatic process, something that some translators have failed to recognize.At the former Maurice Thorez Institute of foreign languages in Moscow, persons who had already demonstrated exceptional ability as translators could also be tested for thief possible ability to act as professional interpreters. The test consisted of an assigned topic, one minute to prepare , an done minute to speak. The reason for this type of testing was the conviction that interpreting, whether consecutive or simultaneous, depended more on an ability to organize information than on determining meaning.Section B C-E Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into good English. Write your translation on the answer sheet.由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些晋通的基本知识。

天津外国语学院硕士研究生入学考试参考书目教学教材

基础日语
1.大学日语专业教材新版
2.国际日语能力测试1级
日语语言学理论与实践
1.《日本语言》徐一平编著高等教育出版社
2.《日本語概説》加藤彰彦等编桜楓社
日本文学
1.《日本文学史》不限版本
2.《日本古典文学作品选读》不限版本
日语教育
1.《外语教学法》不限版本
2.《日本語教育事典》日本語教育学会編大修館
作者：Karl-Heinz Wüst出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
3.《文学与认识》，作者：王炳钧，出版社：外语教学与研究出版社
基础西班牙语
1.《现代西班牙语》第二、三、四、五册，董燕生外研社
2.《新编西班牙语阅读课本》第一、二、三、四册李多外研社2000
西班牙语翻译理论
与实践
1.《西汉翻译教程》孙家孟等上海外教社1988.5.
日语同声传译
1.《新编汉日翻译教程》高宁上海外语教育出版社社
2.《新编日译汉教程》（新版）陈岩大连理工大学出版社
3.《新编汉日日汉同声传译教程》宋协毅外语教学与研究出版社
汉语
1.《中国文学史》（古代部分、凡高校使用的教材均可参考）
2 .《古汉语通论》郑铁生编写?天津市“十一五”规划教材2004年10月河北教育出版社（第4 - 8章）
3.《德语高级写作》Ralf Glitza外语教学与研究出版社2005
德语教学法
1.Storch, Geunther,2001:Deutsch als Fremdsprache – Eine Didaktik. Fink
德语文学
1.《德国文学史》，作者：余匡复，出版社：上海外语教育出版社
2.《德国文学简史》Geschichte der deutschen Literatur

南开大学外国语学院语言学基础历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2005年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2006年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解2007年南开大学外国语学院专业英语真题及详解2008年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2009年南开大学外国语学院857语言学基础真题及详解2010年南开大学外国语学院904语言学基础真题及详解2011年南开大学外国语学院866语言学基础真题及详解2012年南开大学外国语学院883语言学基础真题及详解2004年南开大学外国语学院应用语言学真题及详解考试科目：应用语言学I. Illustrate each of the following terms briefly. (45 points)1． prescriptive linguistics【答案】Prescriptive linguistics: the linguistics that tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. It seeks to tell people how language ought to be used by those who wish to use it.2． Displacement【答案】Displacement: Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, we can talk about Sapir, who is already dead; we can even talk about next week, which is in the future.3．IPA【答案】IPA: the abbreviation of International Phonetic Alphabet, which is devised by the International Phonetic Association in 1888. IPA is a set of symbols which can be used to represent the phones and phonemes of natural languages.4．suprasegmental【答案】Suprasegmental: aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principle Suprasegmental features are syllable, stress, tone, and intonation.5．blendings【答案】Blending is a process in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or byjoining the initial parts of the two words. For example, the word “smog” is blended from “smoke” and “fog”.6．denotation【答案】Denotation: the core sense of a word or a phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world. In the case of linguistic signs, the denotative meaning is what the dictionary attempts to provide. It is the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary meaning, opposite to connotation.7．hyponymy【答案】Hyponymy. It refers to the sense relationship between a more general, more inclusive and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate, and the more specific words are called its hyponyms. For example, the hyponymy relationship could be established between “animal” and “rabbit”.8．stem【答案】A stem is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an inflectional affix can be added. For example, “friend-” in friends, and “friendship-” in friendships are both stems. The former shows that a stem can be equivalent to a root, whereas the latter shows that a stem may contain a root and a derivational affix.9．inflectional morpheme【答案】Inflectional morpheme: It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.10．back-formation【答案】It refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from a longer form already in the language. For example, from “editor” the word “edit” was generated.11．c-command【答案】C-command: A c-commands B if and only if: 1) A does not dominate B and B does not dominate A; 2) The first branching dominating A also dominates B.12．Sapir-Whorf hypothesis【答案】Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts: linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people’s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.13．context of situation【答案】Context of situation: It refers to the linguistic and situational environment in which a word, utterance or text occurs. The meaning of utterances, etc., is determined not only by the literal meaning of the words used but also by the context or situation in which they occur.14．corpus linguistics【答案】Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexico-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development. 15．CALL【答案】CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.II. Name each of the following IPA symbols. (10 points)1．[]【答案】voiceless postalveolar fricative2．[j]【答案】palatal approximant3．【答案】glottal plosive4．[w]【答案】bilabial approximant5．[x]【答案】voiceless velar fricative6．[υ]【答案】high back lax rounded vowel7．[æ]【答案】low front lax unrounded vowel8．[p]【答案】voiceless bilabial plosive9．【答案】voiceless aspirated affricate10．[d]【答案】voiced post-alveolar affricateIII. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points)1．Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct.【答案】T【解析】本题考查语义三角理论。

2004-2016年南开大学欧美哲学通史历年考研真题及答案解析学费学制推免

具体来说：专业课重要考点必须全部记住并理解，并开始模拟考试。这个阶段需要安排 12 个课时，安排模拟考试之后的押题模拟考试的 1 对 1 的试题分析讲解以及答题技巧的分析。育明教育的咨询老师会全面检查学员的记忆情况，并且做检测，查缺补漏！
政治所有知识点必须记住，并开始分析真题
育明教育天津分校王老师预祝大家成功圆梦，更多考研信息可进官网咨询！
欧美哲学通史
2004 一、解释题(每题 10 分) 1、柏拉图的理念论 2、莱布尼兹单子论 3、洛克对第一性的质和第二性的质的区别 4、笛卡尔的二元论 5、胡塞尔 de “现象学的还原" 库恩的“范式”概念
二、论述(任选三题,每题 30 分)
1、亚里士多德是如何区分形而上学和具体科学的?你如何看待他的这种区分?
专业课是决定考研成功的关键，每个学校都有自己独特的出题风格，建议大家
复习的时候要遵循每年考试出题的风格、出题的规律把握考试的重点进行复习，
育明教育专注考研专业课辅导，多年来帮助多名学生成功圆梦报考院校，更多
的考研信息可以咨询天津分校王老师。
复习进度
时间
内容
复习任务：
2016 年 1 月-2016 年 6 月 1.专业课：
2004-2016 年南开大学欧美哲学通史历年考研真题及答案解析学费学制推免
马克思主义哲学
学制：3 年
学费：8000 元/生学年
2016 年哲学院接收推免生拟录取名单公示
序号姓名推荐单位拟录取专业
1
杨卓吉林大学马克思主义哲学
2
李琛西北大学马克思主义哲学
接收考核成绩 90 92
备注
整个参考书的内容有一个宏观把握和了解。但是，不要

南开大学研究生入学考试语言学2004真题

Ⅲ. Read each of the following statements carefully and decide whether it is true or false. (10 points) 1. Odgen and Richards argue that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct. 2. In Hymes’ view, the learner acquires knowledge of sentences not only as grammatical but also as lexical. 3. The concept competence originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation. 4. An achievement test assesses how much a learner has mastered the contents of
（南开大学Байду номын сангаас2004 研）
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions. (40 points) 1. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? 2. What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation? 3. What does the concept morphophoneme mean? What is the relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme? 4. How do you understand the claim that there are only two tenses in English, present and past? 5. What is the purpose of studying language and mind? 6. Please explain the original idea in the speech act theory. 7. Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle. A: When is the bus coming? B: There has been an accident further up the road. 8. Please list and explain the 7 types of meaning recognized by G. Leech. 9. On noticing a friend wearing a new tie, John says to him “That’s really a nice tie”. Please comment on John’s compliment in light of Brown and Levinson’s notion of face. 10. What are the differences between simile and metaphor?

南开大学外国语学院英语语言文学专业考研心得

我本科就读于天津的一所高校，于20XX年1月19日参加了南开大学外国语学院英语语言文学专业的研究生入学考试，取得了375分的初试成绩。

选择南开大学，是我在权衡了众多学校后做出的决定。

首先，我的本科学校虽然是985院校，但是以工科见长，文科相对较弱，整体实力在全国范围内并不突出。

因此考上外或者北外稍有困难，而报考同等档次的院校胜算较大。

其次，我们本科期间学习的是科技英语方向，英美文学和语言学这两科考研必考科目只是沾了个皮毛，连入门都算不上。

我的二外选择的是日语，到大三结束的时候，只刚刚学完了标日初级上册，离考研水平还差得很远。

大多数学校的英语专业指定的参考书目太多，仅日语一科就要求学完初级上下册和中级上下册。

我预计自己没有精力自学这么多日语课程，因此只能选择对专业课书目和日语书目要求较少的学校。

再次，我的本科学校和南开大学仅一墙之隔，方便过去听课和打听消息。

两所学校是兄弟院校，复试时也会稍有优势。

基于以上考虑，我于20XX年3月，即大三下半学期决定报考南开大学的英语语言文学专业，但是一直到了九月份，才发现自己对语言学比较感兴趣，所以最后选择了语言学方向。

我从20XX年4月初开始接触考研书目，但是仅限于在课余时间随意地翻阅。

上半年的心理压力很大，总是潜意识地想到需要看的书很多，总怕自己看不完，恨不得天天看考研的书。

但是另一方面，学校还有繁重的课业负担和数不胜数的杂事，每天能用在考研准备上的时间非常有限。

就这样，内心的焦虑伴随着我度过了整个大三下半学期。

我趁着还有课，可以见到任课老师，抓紧时间先准备了与所学课程有关的考研科目，（例如二外，英美文学），每次下课以后都去找老师把这一段时间积攒的问题一次性解决完。

上半年的学习时间虽然有限，但是我尽了最大可能完成了《英国文学简史》、初级日语和语言学的学习。

8月份我参加了为期10天的政治强化班，同时加快了专业课的学习速度，从九月份开学开始正式进入考研备考状态。

平时除了上课之外，我其余时间都在自习室学习，每天的学习时间在12到15个小时。

南开大学2004年研究生入学考试试题

南开大学2004年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：光学专业：凝聚态物理，光学一，选择题（三小题，共22分）1，（10分）以下有关相干条件的说法，对的有（）（Ａ）两相干光波的频率必须严格相等；（Ｂ）两相干光波的振动方必须共向；（Ｃ两光波振幅应该相等；（Ｄ）两光波振动应有相平行的分量；（E）在观察时间内，两光波相位差余弦的平均值不为零２，月地距离为3.8km,地面上用口径为1m的天文望远镜（）分辨月球表面相距150m的两物点（A）恰能；（B）不能；（C）足能；（D）无从判定；3，在单色光照明下，轴线对称的扬氏干涉双孔装置中，单孔屏与双孔屏的间距为1m, 双孔屏与观察屏的间距为2m,装置满足远场，傍轴条件，屏上出现可见度V=1。

0的等间隔干涉条纹，现将双孔屏沿横向向上平移1mm,则（）（A）干涉条纹向上平移2mm; （B）干涉条纹向上平移3mm;( C)干涉条纹向下平移2mm; (D)t条纹间隔变宽；（E）可见度下降；二，填空题（9小题，共60分）1，(6分)通过厚度为3mm,折射率为1.5 的玻璃窗,沿窗的法向观察窗外的小实物,所看到的是玻璃窗系统的______像,(填实或虚)该像和实物相比,_____了(填进或远)____mm,其高度是实物的_____倍.2,(6分),已测出某介质对空气的全内反射临界角Ic=45°,则光从空气射向这种介质界面时的部儒斯特角Ip=_______.3,(6分),一束部分线偏振光通过旋转理想偏振片,已知出射的最大光强是最小光强的5倍,则可判定该光束中线偏振光光强占总光强的________.4(6分),光强为I。

的自然光入射到透振方向相互正交的两块理想偏振片P1,P2上,今在P1,P2支检插入一块以入射光方向为轴,以匀角速度w旋转的理想偏振片P，设t=0时，系统无光强射出，则t时刻得出射光强为_______5,(6分)已知x射线光子的能量为0.6Mev，在经康普顿散射之后。

南开大学2004年研究生入学考试翻译试题及答案详解

南开大学2004年研究生入学考试翻译试题及答案详解考试科目：翻译专业：英语语言文学Section I. Translation PracticeIn this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to translate between English and Chinese. There are two parts to this section, including English-Chinese translation and Chinese-English translation. Write all your answers on the answer sheet. If any answers are found on the test paper, it will be considered cheating, and your scores will he canceled.Part ADirections:In Part A, you will see 4 short English passages. Road them carefully and then translate them into Chinese. Both faithfulness and smoothness will be considered in evaluating your performance.Passage I (10%)Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others.Integrity means you do what you do because it’s right and not just fashionable or politically correct. A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check your tracks in a rearview mirror.Passage 2 (10%)The simple perception of natural forms is a delight. The influence of the forms and actions in nature is so needful to man, that, in its lowest functions, it seems to lie on the confines of commodity and beauty. To the body and mind which have been cramped by noxious work or company, nature is medicinal and restores their tone. The tradesman, the attorney comes out of the din and craft of the street and sees the sky and the woods, and is a man again. In their eternal calm, he finds himself. The health of the eye seems to demand a horizon. We are never tired, so long as we can see far enough.Passage 3 (20%)Autumn SunsetThe sun sets on some retired meadow, where no house is visible, with all the glory and splendour that it lavishes on cities, and, perchance, as it has never set before, —where there is but a solitary marsh-hawk to have his wings gilded by it, or only a musquash looks out from his cabin, and there is some little black-veined brook in the midst of the marsh, just beginning to meander, winding slowly round a decaying stump. We walked in so pure and bright a light, gilding the withered grass and leaves, so softly and serenely bright, I thought I had never bathed in such a golden flood, without a ripple or a murmur to it. The west side of every wood and rising ground gleamed like a boundary of Elysium, and the sun on our backs seemed like a gentle herdsman driving us home at evening.So we saunter toward the Holy Land, till one day the sun shall shine more brightly than ever he has done, shall perchance shine into our minds and hems, and light up our whole lives with a great awakening light, as warm and serene and golden as on a bank-side in autumn.Notes:1. musquash: 麝鼠2. Elysium: 极乐世界Passage 4 (20%)Birds and DeathThe bird, however hard the frost may be, flies briskly to his customary roosting-place, and, with beak tucked into his wing, falls asleep. He has no apprehensions; only the hot blood grows colder and colder, the pulse feebler as he sleeps, and at midnight, or in the early morning, he drops from his perch—dead.Yesterday he lived and moved, responsive to a thousand external influences, reflecting earth and sky in his small brilliant brain as in a looking-glass; also he had a various language, the inherited knowledge of his race, and the faculty of flight, by means of which he could shoot, meteor-like, across the sky, and pass swiftly from place to place; and with it such perfect control over all his organs, such marvellous certitude in all his motions, as to be able to drop himself plumb down from the tallest tree-top, or out of the void air, on to a slender spray, and scarcely cause its leaves to tremble. Now, on this morning, he lies stiff and motionless; if you were to take him up and drop him from your hand, he would fall to the ground like a stone or a lump of clay—so easy and swift is the passage from life to death in wild nature! But he was never miserable.Part BDirections:In Part B, you will see 2 short Chinese passages. Read them carefully and then translate them into English. Both faithfulness and smoothness will be considered in evaluating your performance.Passage l (15％)每逢佳节，亲朋相聚。

完整word版南开大学现当代文学0014年考研真题剖析

2000年现当代一. 名词解释(任选5题, 每题6分,本大题共30分)1. 民国旧派小说2. 小剧场运动3. “鲁迅风”杂文4. 文革中的“地下文学”5. 新生代诗6. 台湾“留学生文学”二. 简答题(任选3题, 每题15分,本大题共45分)1. 概述鲁迅《故事新编》的艺术创新2. 张爱玲的文学主张要点是什么?3. 概述新时间“反思文学”的成就与局限4. 九十年代重要文学现象简析三. 论述题(任选1题, 每题25分,本大题共25分)1. 试述二十世纪新诗艺术形式探索的历程和得失。

2. 试论启蒙文学在二十世纪中国的命运及其价值。

2001年现当代一. 名词解释题(任选4题, 每题5分,本大题共20分)1. 南社2. 诗的“三美”3. “海派”文学4. “重写文学史”5. “私人化写作”二. 简述题(任选2题, 每题15分,本大题共30分)1. 夏衍的话剧创作2. 中国现代讽刺小说的创作3. 秦牧散文艺术得失三. 论述题(从A、B两组中各选一题。

每小题25分,本大题共50分)A:1. 试论中国现代文学“感时忧国”的传统2. 从一位知名作家新时期以来创作发生的变化,看历史语境对文学创作的影响。

B:1. 二十世纪中国文学在开拓中国现代思想文化空间方面的意义2. 以二十世纪中国小说在艺术形式变革方面所进行的探索为参考,谈八十年代后期先锋小说的成就与局限。

2002年现当代一.名词解释(任选4题, 每题5分,本大题共20分)1.“左联”2.丁西林3.《现代》4.“新生代诗“5.台湾“新世代作家”6.《长恨歌》二.简述(任选2题, 每题15分,本大题共30分)1. 革命文学论争经过《野草》的哲学要义 2.3. 二十世纪九十年代的学者散文创作4. 莫言的小说创作三。

论述(从A、B两组题目中各选作一题,每小题25分,共50分)A组:1.十七年诗歌创作反思2.丁玲女性题材小说创作述评3.以小说为例,谈谈二十世纪前半叶文学发展中雅俗之间互动消长的关系。

南开大学研究生入学考试教育学原理2004(附参考答案)已筛选

南开大学2004年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：教育学原理专业：教育学原理一、名词解释（共5题，每题8分，共40分）1．教育2．学校教育3．教育目的4．教育过程5．最近发展区二、简答题（共5题，1—4题每题15分，第5题20分，共80分）1．如何看待教育的相对独立性？2．教育活动的实质是什么？3．简述我国教育目的的主要内容。

4．传统教育模式和现代教育模式的主要分歧是什么？5．简述西方教育学研究范式的演变。

三、论述题（共30分，两题中任选一题回答）1．试论教育的基本规律及其在实践中的应用。

2．试评我国曾出现的教育政治化和教育市场化的倾向。

参考答案南开大学2004年研究生入学考试试题考试科目：教育学原理专业：教育学原理一、名词解释（共5题，每题8分，共40分）1.教育:指培养人的一种社会活动，是承传社会文化、传递生产经验和社会生活经验的基本途径。

从广义上说，凡是能增进人们的知识和技能、影响人们的思想观念的活动，都具有教育作用；狭义的教育，主要是指学校教育，是教育者根据一定的社会要求，有目的、有计划、有组织地对受教育者的身心施加影响，期望他们发生某种变化的活动。

教育是人类特有的现象，随着人类的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展。

教育为社会的发展、人的发展提供了保证，同时，社会和人的发展又不断向教育提出了更高、更新的内容。

2.学校教育:指狭义的教育。

教育者（主要是教师）根据一定的社会要求，有目的、有计划、有组织地对受教育者的身心施加影响，期望他们发生某种变化的活动。

学校教育含有目的、内容、制度、方法等方面的因素，又有学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育等不同的层次，它是一个多因素多层次的整体系统。

构成学校教育活动的基本因素有三个：教育者、受教育者和教育措施。

学校教育活动通常是在教育者主导下，掌握教育目的，采用教学手段，创设必要的教学环境，调控受教育者和整个教育过程，从而促进受教育者的身心发展，使其达到预期的目的。

094英美文学参考文献

1.《英国文学教程》，张伯香主编，武汉大学出版社，19972.《英国文学简史》，常耀信著，南开大学出版社，2006年印刷3.《漫话英美文学》，常耀信著，南开大学出版社，2004年版4.《英美文学选读》，桂扬清，吴翔林，中国对外翻译出版公司，1985年版5.《英美文学散文论》，朱虹著，生活、读书、新知三联书店出版，1984年版6.《英美文学工具书指南》，钱青著，上海译文出版社，1994年版7.《英美文学赏析教程》，罗选民主编，清华大学出版社，2002年版8.《英美文学欣赏》，刁克利主编，中国人民大学出版社，20039.《英美文学选读》，张伯香、马建君主编，外语教学与研究出版社，199910.《英美文学与艺术中的古典神话》，盖雷，上海人民出版社，200511.《英美文学名著赏析》，刘存波，华南理工大学出版社，200512.《英美文学赏析教程小说与戏剧》，罗选民，清华大学出版社，200613.《英美文学佳作赏析》，王群，华中科技大学出版社，200614.《英国文学史》，王佐良著，商务印书馆，199615.《英国文学名片选注》，王佐良等主编，商务印书馆，198316.《英国散文的流变》，王佐良著，商务印书馆，199417.《美国短篇小说选》，欧文等著，商务印书馆，198218.《英国诗史》，王佐良著，译林出版社，199719.《外国文学》，王佐良著，北京外国语学院该刊编辑部，198020.《英国文艺复兴时期文学史》，王佐良，何其莘，外语教学与研究出版社，199621.《美国文学简史》，常耀信著，南开大学出版社，199022.《美国文学选读》，常耀信著，南开大学出版社，198723.《美国文学史》，常耀信著，南开大学出版社，199824.《英国文学简史》，刘炳善编著，上海外语教育出版社，198125.《英国文学简史》，刘炳善，河南人民出版社，200626.《美国文学选读》（1-2），杨岂深，龙文佩，上海译文出版社，198727.《英国文学选读》（1-3），杨岂深，孙铢主编，上海译文出版社，198128.《外国文学名著欣赏》，杨岂深主编，黑龙江人民出版社，198229.《大学英国文学史》，宋文林，商务印书馆，199630.《英国文学史》（1-4），陈嘉著，商务印书馆，198631.《英国文学作品选读》（全三册），陈嘉著，商务印书馆，198332.《美国文学名著精选》（上、下），钱青主编，商务印书馆，199433.《英美文学工具书指南》，钱青主编，上海译文出版社，199434.《英国文学教程学习指南》，张伯香，武汉大学出版社，2006。

2011年南开大学英语专业英美文学真题试卷_真题-无答案

2011年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分30,考试时间90分钟)1. 名词解释1. assonance2. transcendentalism3. medieval romances in England4. foot5. humanism2. 分析题Questions 1 to 6 are based on the following poem by Emily Dickinson. Because I Could not Stop for Death Because I could not stop for Death— He kindly stopped for me— The Carriage held but just Ourselves— And Immortality.We slowly drove—He knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his Civility—We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess—in the Ring— We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain— We passed the Setting Sun—Or rather, He passed Us— The Dews drew quivering and chill— For only Gossamer, my Gown—My tippet—only tulleWe paused before a House that seemed A Swelling of the Ground— The Roof was scarcely visible—The Cornice—in a GroundSince then—" tis centuries—and yet Feels shorter than the Day I first surmised the horses" heads Were toward Eternity.1. Why did Death stop for me?2. Why couldn"t I stop for Death?3. What did the Death"s carriage hold?4. What three things did the speaker and Death pass?5. What is the "House" in the ground in Stanza 5? Why do the centuries seem shorter than the Day?6. What is the theme of the poem?Questions 7 to 10 are based on the letter written by Samuel Johnson to the Earl of Chesterfield.To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield February 7, 1755 My Lord:I have been lately informed by the proprietor of the World, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the public, were written by your Lordship. To be so distinguished is an honor which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.When, upon some slight encouragement, I first visited your Lordship, I was overpowered, like the rest of mankind, by the enchantment of your address; and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself le vainqueur du vainqueur de la terre; that I might obtain that regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my attendance so little encouraged thatneither pride nor modesty would suffer me to continue it. When I had once addressed your Lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art of pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess. I had done all that I could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so little.Seven years, my Lord, have now passed since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door, during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before.The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with love, and found him a native of the rocks.Is not a patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water, and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labors, had it been early, had been kind; but it has been delayed till I am indifferent, and cannot enjoy it; till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it is no very cynical asperity not to confess obligations where no benefit has been received, or to be unwilling that the public should consider me as owing that to a patron, which Providence has enabled me to do for myself.Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligation to any favorer of learning, I shall not be disappointed though I should conclude it, if less be possible, with less; for I have been long wakened from that dream of hope, in which I once boasted myself with so much exultation, my Lord,Your Lordship"s most humble, most obedient servant, Sam. Johnson7. Why did Johnson first visit Lord Chesterfield? What was Johnson"s impression of Lord Chesterfield and how was he treated?8. How does Johnson define a patron?9. In the letter, Johnson wrote "The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with love, and found him a native of the rocks. " What does the sentence mean?10. How does Johnson feel about the notice Lord Chesterfield had taken of his work after he had finished his Dictionary? What is the real purpose of Johnson"s letter?。

2009年南开大学英语专业英美文学真题试卷_真题-无答案

2009年南开大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分30,考试时间90分钟)3. 名词解释1. Metaphysical poetry2. Denotation and connotation3. Ezra Pound and The Cantos4. British neoclassicism5. Imagism8. 分析题Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following passage of The Canterbury Tales. From The Canterbury Tales Speaking of his equipment, he(the knight)possessed Fine horses, but he was not gaily dressed. He wore a fustian tunic stained and dark With smudges where his armor had left mark.1. 1. What does the fact that the knight owns fine horses indicate?2. 2. What does the clothes he wears indicate?3. 3. What does Geoffrey Chaucer want to show through these details?4. Question 4 is based on the following passage of The Canterbury Tales. From The Canterbury Tales No morsel from her lips did she(the nun)let fall, Nor dipped her fingers in the sauce too deep And she would wipe her upper lip so clean That not a trace of grease was to be seen Upon the cup when she had drunk.4. What does the narrator think of the nun? Why do you think so?Questions 5 to 10 are based on the following passage. The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression when the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Neither does the wisest man extort her secret nor lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals , the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood. When we speak of nature in this manner, we have a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the stick of timber of the wood-cutter from the tree of the poet. The charming landscape which I saw this morning is indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man has but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of these men" s farms, yet to this theirwarranty-deeds give no title. … Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with great temperance. For, nature is not always tricked in holiday attire, but the same scene which yesterday breathed perfume and glittered as for the frolic of the nymphs is overspread with melancholy today. Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire hath sadness in it. Then there is a kind of contempt of the landscape felt by him who has just lost by death a dear friend. The sky is less grand as it shuts down over less worth in the population.5. 5. According to paragraph 1, why does the author believe the star awaken a reverence in people?6. 6. What does the sentence "Nature never became a toy to the wise spirit" mean?7. 7. What does the author imply when he talks about the difference between farms and landscapes?8. 8. What do you think is the difference between the meaning the author or a poet finds in nature and the meaning a woodcutter, a botanist, a geographer or an engineer finds in nature?9. 9. Where does the author believe the power to produce a delight in **es from according paragraph 3?10. 10. What does the phrase "the color of the spirit"(line 5 in paragraph 3)mean?。