四川农业大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题-作物栽培学

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四川农业大学历年营养博士考题解答

100⨯-=袋中初始氮孵化后氮袋中初始氮降解率营养试题解答1、测定反刍动物瘤胃降解蛋白的意义和方法？答：（意义）反刍动物蛋白质质量的评定一直是一个难题，由于瘤胃微生物的作用，使饲料蛋白质通过瘤胃后面目全非，以往用可消化蛋白或酸洗涤不溶氮ADN 来衡量其质量的好坏，显然不能反映反刍动物蛋白质消化代谢的实质，而不能准确地指导饲养实践。

具体说有以下几点不足：没有反映出日粮CP 在瘤胃中的降解和非降解部分；反映不出日粮降解蛋白转化为瘤胃微生物蛋白的效率及合成量；没有反映进入小肠的日粮非降解蛋白和微生物蛋白的量、氨基酸的量及其真消化率。

而反刍蛋白新体系则基本上克服了以上弊端。

瘤胃降解蛋白的测定实质是瘤胃蛋白降解率的测定，其方法有：（1）体内法①同位素标记结合瘘管技术：饲料中的蛋白质的氮经过同位素标记后，再由真胃或十二指肠处安置的瘘管取出刚离胃的食糜，分析其总非氨氮和微生物氮的含量，计算降解率。

体内法忽略了内源氮而低估降解率，测定成本高、费时费力、效率低。

②增量法（回归法）：基础日粮（能满足微生物氮需要）+不同水平的待测饲料（保持TDN 相当），然后以十二指肠非氨态氮对待测饲料摄入作回归直线，来求降解率。

（2）体外法①溶解度法：饲料蛋白质在缓冲液或0.15M 的NaCI 溶液中的溶解度评定；②瘤胃液孵化法：在模拟瘤胃装置下，对蛋白质在瘤胃液、温度39℃、厌氧条件下共同作用，最后测定蛋白质的降解率；③酶解法：优点是测定的环境条件容易标准化、稳定性高、实验室之间的可比性好，能大批量在实验室操作，效率高、成本低。

但共同弱点是只测定某个时间点的降解、忽略了动态降解。

注意PH 、孵化时间、温度、酶饱和条件及缓冲液组成。

（3）尼龙袋法将若干个尼龙袋通过瘤胃瘘管放入瘤胃，在不同时间取出得到饲料蛋白质消失曲线，以不同数学模型计算蛋白质降解率。

尼龙袋法又分为不考虑外排速度和考虑外排速度两种情况。

①不考虑外排速度：)1(ct e b a p --+=②考虑外排速度：在实际测定中，有一部分蛋白质快速溶解，可不经微生物作用；而非快速溶解部分在微生物作用下，逐步降解。

作物栽培学试题库与答案十八套与答案

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QQ:445142长发育最为适宜（1.5 分）。④降水：大豆产量高低与降水量多少有密切的关系。在温度正常的条件下，5、6、7、8、9 月份的降水量（mm）分别为 65、125、190、105、 60，对大豆来说是理想降水量（1.5 分）。⑤土壤条件：大豆对土壤条件的要求不很严格。土层深厚、有机质丰富的土壤，最适于大豆的生长。大豆需要矿质营养的种类全、且数量多，大豆根系从土壤中吸收十余种营养元素。大豆需水较多，发芽时要求水分充足；幼苗期比较耐旱；开花期植株生长旺盛，需水量大，要求土壤相当湿润；结荚鼓粒期，干物质积累加快，此时要求充足的土壤水分（3 分）。
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7.大豆种植密度低时，单株荚数和每荚粒数减少，粒重下降，产量也低。（）
1.有限结荚大豆从上往下依次开花。 2.开花结荚期是大豆一生中需要养分、水分最多的时期。 3.大豆种子含油量与含蛋白质量呈正相关。 4.花生株型指数越高则其植株的直立性越强。 5.花生叶片昼开夜闭的现象称为向阳运动。 6.棉花根系吸收高峰期正值现蕾到开花阶段。 7.棉花内围铃比外围铃重。 8.正常条件下，棉花落铃率高于落蕾率。 9.棉田的最大叶面积指数一般以 3～4 为宜。 10.陆地棉纤维长度低于海岛棉。
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6.棉花皮棉产量实际上由单位面积上株数、
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7.棉花主茎叶腋内的腋芽在发育方向上有明显的
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QQ:445142 12 果枝第一果节现蕾时，理论上计算这株棉花应出现
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四、简答题（每小题 6 分，计 36 分）

四川农业大学考研专业目录

四川农业大学考研专业目录四川农业大学考研专业目录四川农业大学是一所以农业为主的综合性大学，拥有丰富的考研专业。

下面将为大家详细介绍四川农业大学考研专业目录。

1. 农学类- 农学- 生物科学- 动物医学- 动物科学- 草业科学- 园艺植物科学与技术- 植物保护- 茶学- 作物学- 水产养殖学2. 工学类- 农业工程- 农业电气化与自动化- 农产品贮藏与加工- 农业机械化工程- 水利科学与工程- 林业机械- 信息与计算科学- 计算机科学与技术- 电气工程及其自动化- 机械设计制造及其自动化- 机械电子工程（专业学位）- 数学与应用数学- 信息与计算科学- 应用统计学- 生物工程- 应用化学- 生物技术- 农业资源与环境- 土壤学- 农药学- 农产品贮藏与加工工程 - 水利学- 电气工程及其自动化4. 经济学类- 农业经济管理- 农村区域发展- 农业推广与信息- 会计学- 人力资源管理5. 管理学类- 农林经济管理- 农产品贸易与营销- 农村区域发展- 农业推广与信息- 农业资源与环境- 工商管理- 会计学- 人力资源管理- 农村区域发展（MBA）- 汉语言文字学- 中国古代文学- 中国现当代文学- 农村区域发展- 农业推广与信息- 农业资源与环境7. 法学类- 法学- 农村区域发展- 农业推广与信息- 农业资源与环境8. 教育学类- 思想政治教育- 职业技术教育- 农业信息化教育9. 农村发展与管理类 - 农林经济管理- 农业推广与信息- 农业资源与环境10. 医学类- 作物栽培学与耕作学 - 林业经济管理- 质谱学11. 艺术学类- 艺术学- 美术教育12. 农学免试研究生- 农学- 生物学- 农村区域发展- 农业推广与信息- 农业资源与环境13. 海外唐人文化传媒学（中外合作办学）以上为四川农业大学考研专业目录的大致内容，每个学科都有相应的硕士和博士研究生专业。

希望以上信息能够对你了解四川农业大学的考研专业提供帮助。

农科院考博试题

2001年微生物学与免疫学：一名词解释（3分X10个）抗原漂移持续性感染慢病毒感染流氏细胞术亚病毒朊病毒缺陷性干扰颗粒（注考题均为英文给出，先翻译后解释）二简答：1。

负链RNA病毒复制过程（5分）2。

内源性抗原和外源性抗原递呈过程（5分）3。

沙门氏菌的鉴定流程（10分）三问答1。

有些疾病一定要用基因工程疫苗来预防，试举2到3例并解释原因。

2。

PRRSV能引起免疫抑制，试设计试验证明之。

2001年兽医传染病针对疯牛病我国应采取的国策以新城疫和喘气病为例介绍对这两类疾病的不以对策我国兽医防疫水平不高，表现在哪些方面从兽医防疫角度，谈谈引种应注意的几个问题谈谈规模化养殖场免疫程序的制定及其评价标准2002年中国农业大学博士研究生入学考试试题预防兽医学专业：微生物学与免疫学一．名词解释：1.Spike（线突，）表型混合RFLP 感染性cDNA 超抗原核酸疫苗免疫识别Blocking-ELISA二．问答：1．写出病毒属于哪一科：鸡CA V，IBDV，ILTV，兔病毒出血症病毒，鸭瘟病毒。

2．PRRSV的结构特点3．APC有哪些？各自有什么功能？4．从分子水平阐述抗体结构多样性？5．鉴定病毒的依据有哪些？三．论述1．构建基因工程活载体疫苗的设计方法？2．分子生物学技术在动物病毒学流行病研究中的应用。

从免疫应答的分子及细胞学角度说一说弱毒活疫苗与灭活疫苗的差异。

中国农业科学院预防兽医学2003年微生物与免疫考博试题一名词解释（20分，每题2分）Tz9; hr1．回复突变2．Prion 3．Infectious nucleio acid 4．MAC 5．Cytokine 6．重构型抗体7．CTL 8．溶原化9．内源性抗原10．合胞体E|fELq二、简述题（30分）jT0L+1．缺损病毒有哪些形式？有何生物学意文？（4分）#Lf #|@BW2．微RNA病毒科有几个属，各写出一种兽医上重要的动物病毒。

（3分）vunKVaa(W<3．病毒的持续性感染有哪些类型？各有何特点？（4分|Bvn"r4．动脉炎病毒科的成员有哪些？举例说明其结构蛋白的组成（6分）yX GFY5．简述参与抗胞内菌感染的特异性细胞免疫的因素及其功能。

中国农大考博试题

中国农大考博试题分子生物学试题 961 什么是原癌基因？（4）它们怎样被反转录病毒激活？（16分）2 什么是tumor supperssor gene？（4分）举例说明它的调控功能。

（16分）3 细胞染色体的异常如何导致癌基因的激活？（20分）4 解释以下名词：(1) gene knock-out (5分)(2) molecular hybridization (5分)(3) restriction fragment length polymorphism (5分)(4) human genome project (5分)5 G蛋白的结构特点信其功能（20分）6 apoptosis的特征与其生理及病理意义（10分）已知它的调控基因有哪些？（10分）以上6题任选5题回答。

一. 名词解释(2/40)1. 间体2. 血影3. 脂质体4. 巴氏小体5. 成熟促进因子(MPF)6. Hela细胞株7. IL-28. 周期蛋白9. 等位排斥 10. G0期细胞 11. 转基因动物12. 同源异形染色体 13. 联会复合体 14. G蛋白 15. 胞质板 16. 信号转换17. 核骨架 18. 多线染色体 19. 染色体组 20. 原癌基因二. 问答题(10/60)1. 简述细胞膜的结构和功能2. 什么是核基质?其结构和功能如何?3. 简述蛋白质月末的信号假说.4. 什么是染色体的袢环模型?5. 什么是单克隆抗体技术?有何应用价值?6. 简述肌醇酯信号通路.2000：1．如何发现或寻找新基因？2．什么是蛋白质组（蛋白质组学）？与基因组差别？主要内容及策略？3． DNA结合蛋白的几种结构花式？modif（画简图）4．真核基因在原核表达的难点及对策？5．基因knock out与knock in：6．差异显示：7．酵母双杂交：8．基因芯片：中国农大2003分子遗传学博士研究生入学考试试题一、请举出对分子遗传学发展做出贡献的诺贝尔奖获得者10名，其重要成就如何？ 30'二、何谓RNA编辑，是如何进行编辑的？15'三、举出2-3种基因组测序或功能基因组研究的策略，并加以说明。

川农动物遗传育种学考博题

四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题一、简述现代畜禽品质育种的技术需求与发展趋势（20分）1 优质畜禽新品种改良技术（1）畜禽优良品种（系）的选育以常规技术为主，结合高新技术的畜禽改良方法，提高育种水平，培育优质高产畜禽新品种（系），尽快解决良种问题。

通过畜禽主要经济性状的分子遗传、数量性状主效基因的检测与利用研究，探讨基因型育种的新途径。

关键技术：准确、系统的生产性能测定技术体系；遗传评定新技术、新方法；大规模联合育种技术；繁殖生物学技术。

（2）优质高效配套系的开发杂种优势利用是畜牧生产的重要增产手段之一，在猪禽生产中广泛利用。

品种愈丰富，愈具多样性，就愈能适应环境条件和社会需求的变化。

我国具有丰富的品种遗传资源，有很大的选育潜力。

关键技术：杂种优势设计和配合力预测新技术；畜禽优势性状在配套系框架中的利用技术；繁育体系优化育种规划研究；适合不同需要的品系配套、产业化研究。

2. 畜禽品种资源保护开发利用调查、收集优良畜禽种质资源，建立种质资源数据库；研究种质资源保存新技术，建立优化包种方案，为保种和利用提供依据，使许多独特的优良畜禽品种资源得到完整保存；保护好畜禽遗传资源的多样性，为畜牧业的持续、高效发展创造条件。

关键技术：畜禽品种特性、特异性状及遗传基础研究；遗传资源保护技术的研究包括：冷冻精液、冷冻胚胎、冷冻卵细胞技术及其DNA文库研究；遗传资源管理技术和多样性保护监测程序研究；畜禽遗传资源持续利用研究。

3. 动物品种遗传监测技术畜禽遗传种质监测是品种资源高效利用的前提，也是我国良种工程的基础。

对整个畜牧业的未来发展有着极其重要的作用关键技术：新的畜禽品种标准的修订和制定；个体水平监测的特征特性的选择及其测定方法；群体水平的先进的参数估计方法；细胞水平监测的规范化的实验室分析技术，细胞染色体的计算机图象分析技术；可用于品种监测的生化及免疫遗传标记筛选；分子水平监测的分子遗传标记测定技术。

2004-2006中国农大考博试题-作物栽培学

中国农业大学博士研究生入学考试题-作物栽培学2004年（6选5，每题20分）：1.从作物栽培的角度，讨论提高资源利用率的途径与方法。

2.根据冬小麦的分蘖成穗规律，论述利用栽培技术调控的基本原理。

3.从源-库关系与物质生产角度分析我国玉米优势区域（选一熟悉地区）玉米的高产优质途径。

4.试论水稻产量和品质形成过程，并据此提出高产优质的主要技术途径。

5.经济作物的特点是什么？反映在种植业结构上的特点又是什么？你所熟悉的地区在上述两方面有什么特殊性？6.棉花存在哪些生产问题，试论述这些生产问题与棉花生物学特性的关系？2005年（6选5，每题20分）：1.从作物栽培角度，论述小麦与水肥利用效率同步提高的途径与机理。

2.以一个玉米产区为例，试分析我国玉米产量的限制因素，并提出增产对策和措施。

3.论是调控棉花蕾铃脱落的关键措施及其机制。

4.试论述水稻高产与品质同步提高的施肥技术与机理。

5.根据油菜的特点，试分析其高产优质栽培原理和关键技术措施。

6.试述提升我国粮食生产力的技术和途径。

2006年（7选5，每题20分）：1.从提高作物生产力的角度，试论设计栽培的可能性和技术思路。

2.分别论述在不同温度、光照、降水条件下选择冬小麦品种和栽培技术措施的基本原理。

3.试论水稻产量和品质形成的过程，并据此提出产量与效益同步提高的主要技术途径.4.从大豆产量构成因素的角度，分析大豆提高产量的关键和措施。

5.分析我国黄淮海夏玉米生产优势所在，并提出进一步提高该区玉米产量和效益的主要技术途径。

6.试从棉花的形态和生育特点，讨论棉花存在的主要生产问题及解决途径.7.根据烟草的特点试论述在生产中如何处理产量和品质的关系。

这是2006年中国农科院博士入学作物栽培学考题，今年农科院和中农的专业课分开出题，往年都是用同一考题。

（6选5，每题20分）1.论述营养生长与生殖生长的关系及在生产中的应用。

2.信息技术在农业生产中的应用领域及前景。

四川农业大学博士入学考试真题

Part I Reading Comprehension (45 points)Questions 1--5 are based on the following passage:Eye contact is a nonverbal technique that helps the speaker "sell" his or her ideas to an audience. Besides its persuasive powers, eye contact helps hold listener interest.A successful speaker must maintain eye contact with an audience. To have good rapport (关系) with listeners, a speaker should maintain direct eye contact for at least 75 percent of the time. Some speakers focus exclusively on their notes. Others gaze over the heads of their listeners. Both are likely to lose audience interest and esteem. People who maintain eye contact while speaking, whether from a podium (演讲台) or from across the table, are "regarded not only as exceptionally well-disposed by their target but also as more believable and earnest."To show the potency of eye contact in daily life, we have only to consider how passers-by behave when their glances happen to meet on the street. At one extreme are those people who feel obliged to smile when they make eye contact. At the other extreme are those who feel awkward and immediately look away. To make eye contact, it seems, is to make a certain link with someone.Eye contact with an audience also lets a speaker know and monitor the listeners. It is, in fact, essential for analyzing an audience during a speech. Visual cues(暗示) from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. As we have pointed out, visual feedback from listeners should play an important role in shaping a speech as it is delivered.1. This passage is mainly concerned with _______.a. the importance of eye contactb. the potency of nonverbal techniquesc. successful speech deliveryd. an effective way to gain visual feedbacks2. According to the passage, a good speaker must _____.a. "sealo" his or her ideas to an audienceb. maintain direct eye contact with listenersc. be very persuasive and believabled. be exceptionally well-disposed3. The word "target" in the last sentence of the first paragraph can best be replaced by________.a. "destination"b. "goal"c. "audience"d. "followers"4. In daily life, when the glances of two passers-by happen to meet, these two persons willinevitably ____.a. smile to each otherb. feel awkward and look away immediatelyc. try to make a conversation with each otherd. none of the above5. Eye contact with an audience, according to the author, has all the following benefits forthe speaker EXCEP that it doesn't ________.a. help the speaker to control the audienceb. help the speaker to gain audience interest and esteemc. help the speaker to know whether he is talking too much about a certain pointd. help the speaker to analyze his audience when he is beginning his speech Questions 6--10 are based on the following passage:After the very active and successful tenure(任职) of office by the Senegalese President as the head of the Organization of African Unity, it was highly logical to think that the successor, whoever he might be, would have a difficult task in doing a better job.The Congolese president set to work as soon as he was elected. His first step was to suggest to the dean of heads of State present in the Ethiopian capital, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, to summon a meeting of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa. Its aim: to define a strategy in order to overcome the reprisals(报复行为) that the racist regime of Pretoria is likely to take against its neighbors in case sanctions(制裁) are imposed by the international community.President Sassou Ngueso has already undertaken a number of trips abroad. He thus went to Harare (Zimbabwe) where he delivered a speech, on September 1, on behalf of Africa before the summit meeting of non-aligned(不结盟的)nations.At the end of September, he was in New York, for a statement before the General Assembly of the United Nations, and then in Washington, for talks with high-ranking members of the Reagan Administration. He then went to Ottawa, for consultations with leading members of the Canadian government.The Congolese president's aim, in all these endeavors, is to convince still reluctant countries of the imperious necessity of imposing sanctions against the racist regime of Pretoria.6. In the first paragraph, the word "successor" refers to ________.a. a person who enjoyed a successful career in politicsb. a person who was very popular in the political arenac. the person who was to lead the organizationd. the former head of the organization7. According to the passage, Denis Sassou Nguesso ______.a. is Congoleseb. knew that it was very difficult for him to be electedc. was elected without any oppositiond. has held a meeting in the Ethipion capital8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?a. President Sassou Nguess has decided to visit as many African countries as possible.b. President Sassou Nguesso made a suggestion to President Kenneth Kaunda that ameeting be held of the leaders of countries that lie close to South Africa.c. President Sassou Nguesso went to Harare and delivered a speech there.d. If sanctions are imposed against South Africa by the international community, theracist regime of Pretoria will probably take revenge on its neighbors.9. We may draw the conclusion that President Sassou Nguesso has been working reallyhard to ________.a. prove himself a trustworthy presidentb. convince some reluctant countries that it is highly necessary to impose sanctionsagainst the racist regime of Pretoria.c. show to the whole world the strength and power of the Organization of AfricanUnityd. seek financial support from some advanced countries to promote African economy.10. This piece is most probably taken from _____.a. a newspaper reportb. a biographyc. a history bookd. a Who's WhoQuestions 11--15 are based on the following passage:Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sculpture or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause. Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out. Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect. Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrigerator won't work, we first relate the effect (lights out) to the cause (power off) and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working).This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations. When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out-power off-refrigerator not working─temperature will rise─milk will sour. In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory. A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion is necessary to drive a gasoline engine. A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause: a dead battery is enough to keep a car fromstarting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect. A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself,as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors─pedestrians or other cars in the intersection ─must also be present.In establishing or refuting a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged cause produces the effect. Such an explanation is called a causal process.11. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about _______.a. relationships between causes and resultsb. classification of reasoningc. some other common types of reasoningd. some special type of reasoning12. According to the passage, to do the "effect to effect" reasoning is to reason _______.a. from cause to effectb. from effect to causec. from effect to effect and on the caused. from effect to cause and on to another effect13. A necessary cause is ______.a. one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurb. one of the causes that can produce the effectc. one that is enough to make the effect occurd. none of them14. Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has beencut off. The power failure is a ________.a. necessary causeb. sufficient causec. contributory caused. none of them15. This passage mainly discusses ______.a. causal reasoningb. various types of reasoningc. classification of causesd. the causal processQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:I hear many parents complaining that their teen-age children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teen-agers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at one another's hands for reassurance.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way isthat the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon(蚕茧) ─into a larger cocoon.It has become harder and harder for a teen-ager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teen-age market. These days every teen-ager can learn from the advertisements what a teen-ager should have and be. And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teen-ager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come─with the people who respect you for who you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts.16. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to tell _______.a. readers how to be popular with people aroundb. teen-agers how to learn to decide things for themselvesc. parents how to control and guide their childrend. people how to understand and respect each other17. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on theirown, but, in fact, most of them ______.a. have much difficulty understanding each otherb. lack confidencec. dare not cope with problems single-handedd. are very much afraid of getting lost18. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?a. There is no popularity that really counts.b. What many parents are dong is in fact hindering their children from finding theirown paths.c. It is not necessarily bad for a teen-ager to disagree with his or her classmates.d. Most teen-agers claim that they want to do what they like to, but they are actuallydoing he same.19. The author thinks of advertisements as _______.a. convincingb. influentialc. instructived. authoritative20. During the teen-age years, one should learn to _____.a. differ from others in as many ways as possibleb. get into the right season and become popularc. find one's real selfd. rebel against parents and the popularity waveQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates(变坏) as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent(犯法的) and sexually precocious(早熟).Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises(大楼及附属建筑物). This rule has been introduced at Summer hill School where I spent my rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal(肉体的) punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.21. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on ______.a. the effect of smoking among childrenb. the difficulty in preventing children from smokingc. the reasons why children start smoking among childrend. the measures to ban smoking among children22. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers?a. Disobedienceb. Lazinessc. Lack of intelligenced. Vanity23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?a. Some children start to smoke out of curiosityb. Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.c. In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workersshould not smoke.d. It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adultsfrom smoking.24. The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking ______.a. should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studied.b. should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance.c. should be introduced though it may not work effectively.d. needn't be introduced as long as teachers don't smoke in front of children.25. The author's attitude towards his writing is ______.a. objectiveb. emotionalc. criticald. indifferentQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage:When astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time, on July 20,1969, it represented one of the most inspiring achievements in man's history to millions of people throughout the world. But to a small organization called the International Flat Earth Research Society, it was nothing more than a piece of cleverly stage managed science-fiction trickery.And Armstrong's historic words when stepping down from the Eagle module(宇宙飞船船舱) onto the dusty lunar surface about 240,000 miles from earth─"one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" ─was a phrase that could have come only from the pen of a scriptwriter.As for the pictures reputedly(一般被认为地) taken in space showing the earth to be a rotating sphere, well, they were just too ludicrous (可笑的) for words. The sun, say the Flat Earthier, circuits the earth instead of the earth revolving around the sun─a notion that most people take for granted.The society, whose membership is currently estimated to be about 1,400, dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense and is convinced that the entire human race is being subjected to the greatest hoax(骗局) in history.From its headquarters in Lancaster, California, the society wages a war of words through newsletters and pamphlets against the evils of science.The society was founded about 1800 in Great Britain and the United States and, says its American president Charles Johnson, was descended from the Zetetic society, which took its name from an ancient Greek philosophical school of skeptics. It survived under this name until 1956, when its general secretary, Samuel Shelton, of Kent, England, changed the name to the present title.The society's belief is this: that the earth is flat, with the land masses grouped around the central point of the North Pole.The Antarctic region is not the compact island mass it is commonly believed to be but an impenetrable ice-cold girdle(环形物) around the earth. The Flat Earthier argue that transantarctic expeditions have never happened. Explorers, misled by instrument faults, merely traveled an icy arc within the girdle.26. To the International Flat Earth Research Society, man's first landing on the moon was_______.a. one of the most inspiring events in man's historyb. only a well-conducted experimentc. just a smartly-performed trickd. a science-fiction piece produced by a certain scriptwriter27. Which of the following is NOT true about the society?a. It now has about 1,400 members.b. Its headquarters are in both Great Britain and the United States.c. After its foundation in 1800, it was called the Zetetic Society.d. In 1956, Samuel Shelton changed its name to the present title.28. According to the society's belief, ________.a. the earth is flat and the Arctic is an impenetrable ice-cold girdle around the earthb. the Antarctic region is a compact island massc. some explorers had made successful transantarctic expeditionsd. much of the accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth is sheernonsense29. Which of the following is an appropriate title for the Passage?a. The International Flat Earth Research societyb. Man's First Landing on the Moonc. The Zetetic Societyd. The Evils of Science30. This piece is written ______.a. in a matter-of-fact wayb. in a sarcastic tonec. with a touch of ironyd. as a jokePart II Translate the following into Chine( 10 points)I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one's own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside.Nowadays a superficial traveler in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction (收缩) of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable.Our local grocer's shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queuing(排队) up at a supermarket. And the proprietor(店主)knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value.Part III Vocabulary and Structure ( 15 points)31. Mr. White was told again and again to ______ smoking but he just wouldn't listen.a. cut throughb. cut offc. cut downd. cut away32. The Greyhound ______ outside of New York Bus Station at 6 p.m. and started forWashington D.C. at 6:20p.m..a. pulled upb. pulled downc. pulled outd. pulled on33. Can you give me another hint without _______ the answer?a. giving offb. giving awayc. giving upd. giving in34. Columbus was ___ his times in his belief that the Earth was round.a. in front ofb. in advance ofc. befored. ahead of35. Nowadays a large number of people buy ___ Christmas trees instead of real ones.a. falseb. fakec. shamd. artificial36. Though he is only 7years old, he has a ______ imagination.a. faithfulb. fertilec. frankd. furious37. The doctor _____ me that the discomfort would disappear in a couple of days if Ifollowed his advice.a. assuredb. confirmedc. ensuredd. confessed38. It is not considered _____ to litter in public.a. respectfulb. respectivec. respectedd. respectable39. The industrial community should be close enough to the crowded centers but distantenough to reduce _______ hazards(危险).a. feasibleb. positivec. potentiald. substantial40. We ____ so as not to wake the child.a. whisperedb. moanedc. gruntedd. muttered41. Electric eels use charges to ______ prey and also stun them before they eat them.a. examineb. detectc. determined. search42. Metal must be hammered and cooled rapidly to ______ internal stress caused byheating.a. retainb. releasec. relieved. replace43. Almost every layman I have met exhibits ______ and how they are written.a. the real curiosity about the songsb. a real curiosity about the songsc. real curiosity about the songsd. a real curiosity about songs44. Rosa is quiet and introverted(内向的), and she objects to _______ her living room withdozens of people in the apartment.a. shareb. sharingc. having sharedd. have shared45. We haven't seen our neighbor for over a week. They ______ on a trip abroad.a. could gob. must goc. may have goned. should have gone46. The Government has promised to do ____ lies in its power to ease the hardships of thehomeless.a. whatb. allc. thatd. which47. The bartender walked out ____ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.a. from beforeb. from underc. from behindd. from across48. ______ how to operate a switchboard, I had to ask the office supervisor to show me thecorrect procedures.a. Not knownb. Not knowingc. Not to knowd. Having not known49. The pilot felt something _____ wrong with the engine just before the plane took off.a. gob. wentc. was goingd. to go50. I prefer his plan to yours, ___ it is more practical and easier to be carried out.a. for whichb. for thatc. in whichd. in that51. ______ that they're young and inexperienced, they've done quite a good job.a. Beingb. Providedc. Givend. Now52. ______ the door than somebody started knocking on it.a. I had closed no soonerb. I had no sooner closedc. No sooner have I closedd. No sooner I closed53. The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, ______ killed him two years ago.a. the effects of whichb. the effects of itc. finallyd. that54. In my opinion, he's ________ imaginative of all the contemporary poets.a. quite the mostb. very the mostc. by far the mostd. rather the most55. He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he ______ out of a painting by XuBeihong.a. comeb. has comec. is comingd. had come56. Pumas, which are large, cat-like animals, will not attack human beings if they _______undisturbed.a. leaveb. leftc. are leftd. have left57. When we sold our ranch and moved to town, mother had decided _______ opening aday nursery.a. tob. onc. ind. for58. Their dog was a substitute ______ the children they had never had.a. asb. ofc. tod. for59. Please drop in whenever you can. I'd like to keep _____ touch.a. inb. onc. tod. with60. Everybody knows that the earth is spherical, ______?a. doesn't heb. doesn't shec. don't theyd. doesn't itPart IV Cloze( 10 points)In the month of September, in Britain, you may see large numbers of birds __61__ on roofs and telegraph wires. These birds are swallows. They are __62__ together because, very soon, they will be flying __63__ to much warmer lands, where they will find __64__ the small flying insects on which they __65__. There are no such insects __66__ in Britain during the winter; it is __67__ cold for them.The swallows settle, fly off, swoop, and __68__ again. this they do many times, for they are making short __69__ flights in order to be fit for the long journey __70__ them.__71__ of these migrating birds leave Britain in the autumn. They fly __72__ for hundreds of miles __73__ they reach the warm lands of Africa. But not all the birds get there, for many of them perish in the stormy weather they meet with __74__.In the spring of the following year they __75__ the long and tiring journey back to Britain. They return to the identical barn or tree in the __76__ district which they had left the __77__ autumn. How do these birds find their__78__ there and back over such vast distances? Nobody knows exactly __79__, but it has something to do __80__ winds and air currents.61. a. being perched b. perchedc. being perchingd. be perched62. a. gathering b. assemblingc. waitingd. forming63. a. to south b. the southc. to southwardsd. south64. a. a great number of b. a great deal ofc. plenty ofd. numerous65. a. feed b. are fedc. eatd. rely66. a. near b. about c. nearby d. over67. a. too b. a bit c. very d. much68. a. fly off b. swoop c. settle d. turn back69. a. practical b. practicingc. practiced. practiced70. a. in advance b. ahead ofc. in front ofd. in front71. a. Swarms b. Herdsc. Flocksd. Schools72. a. firmly b. stoutlyc. harshlyd. steadily73. a. until b. before c. when d. as74. a. in the way b. on the wayc. half the wayd. all the way75. a. take b. fly c. find d. make76. a. old b. originalc. familiard. identical77. a. before b. previousc. above goingd. former78. a. way b. path c. course d. route79. a. why b. when c. how d. what80. a. against b. away c. for d. withPart V Writing (20 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled THE V ALUE OF SCIENCE. You should write no less than 150 words.ANSWER SHEETRPart I 、 III 、IV1 a b c d2 a b c d3 a b c d4 a b c d5 a b c d6 a b c d7 a b c d8 a b c d 9ab c d 10 a b c d 11 a b c d 12 a b c d 13 a b c d 14 a b c d 15 a b c d 16 a b c d 17 a b c d 18 a b c d 19 a b c d 20 a b c d 21 a b c d 22 a b c d 23 a b c d 24 a b c d 25 a b c d 26 a b c d 27 a b c d 28 a b c d 29 a b c d 30 a b c d 31 a b c d 32 a b c d 33 a b c d 34 a b c d 35 a b c d 36 a b c d 37 a b c d 38 a b c d 39 a b c d 40 a b c d 41 a b c d 42 a b c d 43 a b c d 44 a b c d 45 a b c d 46 a b c d 47 a b c d 48 a b c d 49 a b c d 50 a b c d 51 a b c d 52 a b c d 53 a b c d 54 a b c d 55 a b c d 56 a b c d 57 a b c d 58 a b c d 59 a b c d 60 a b c d 61 a b c d 62 a b c d 63 a b c d 64 a b c d 65 a b c d 66 a b c d 67 a b c d 68 a b c d 69 a b c d 70 a b c d 71 a b c d 72 a b c d 73 a b c d 74 a b c d 75 a b c d 76 a b c d 77 a b c d 78 a b c d 79abcd80abcd———————— 密—————————封 ——————————线 ——————————————————————————。

2019四川农业大学农学院硕士研究生拟录取名单

2019四川农业大学农学院硕士研究生拟录取名单2019年统考硕士研究生拟录取名单公示姓名考生编号院所代码及名称专业代码及名称学习方式初试成绩复试成绩总成绩备注冉爽106269071000010 401农学院071001植物学全日制382 83.36 79.88廖芮莹106269071000104 401农学院071007遗传学全日制333 84.50 75.55万健106269071000116 401农学院071010生物化学与分子生物学全日制336 85.96 76.58潘子衿106269071000121 401农学院071010生物化学与分子生物学全日制420 90.00 87.00牟玥薇106269071000127 401农学院071010生物化学与分子生物学全日制372 83.16 78.78刘勤慧106269071000147 401农学院071010生物化学与分子生物学全日制344 83.22 76.01喻小娇106269071000150 401农学院071010生物化学与分子生物学全日制388 84.16 80.88欧霞106269071000151 401农学院071010生物化学与分子生物学全日制374 83.50 79.15杜霞106269090100005 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制362 79.60 76.00张熠106269090100008 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制403 88.14 84.37李博106269090100011 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制353 83.98 77.29刘娟娟106269090100020 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制356 78.57 74.89向晓玲106269090100026 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制377 82.08 78.74杨雪丽106269090100028 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制362 83.05 77.73秦琴106269090100031 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制353 86.51 78.56张佳运106269090100032 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制379 82.82 79.31刘佳媛106269090100034 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制377 85.82 80.61税照伟106269090100035 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制369 79.28 76.54赖莹106269090100037 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制349 77.58 73.69黄祥庆106269090100040 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制373 85.62 80.11彭立功106269090100045 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制340 80.00 74.00岳雪萍106269090100060 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制374 84.14 79.47赵佳蓉106269090100061 401农学院090101作物栽培学与耕作学全日制371 83.97 79.09杨超明106269090100058 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制334 74.42 70.611/652019年统考硕士研究生拟录取名单公示姓名考生编号院所代码及名称专业代码及名称学习方式初试成绩复试成绩总成绩备注段金涛106269090100078 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制282 72.56 64.48张晓晗106269090100079 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制340 75.08 71.54易晓余106269090100086 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制272 70.08 62.24李欣106269090100087 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制348 78.38 73.99张红106269090100088 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制360 73.96 72.98李星霖106269090100091 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制358 76.20 73.90杨贺红106269090100095 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制316 75.94 69.57王琴娣106269090100099 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制346 77.64 73.42罗利106269090100104 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制292 66.52 62.46姜茜106269090100106 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制339 71.10 69.45赵思琪106269090100113 401农学院090102作物遗传育种全日制320 76.54 70.27江美彦106269090100271 401农学院0901Z1药用植物学全日制385姚菲106269090100272 401农学院0901Z1药用植物学全日制381 83.56 79.88肖婕妤106269090100273 401农学院0901Z1药用植物学全日制361 78.72 75.46杨云舒106269090100289 401农学院0901Z1药用植物学全日制359 79.74 75.77王曦旎106269090100290 401农学院0901Z1药用植物学全日制357 78.60 75.00康雨琪106269090100295 401农学院0901Z2烟草学全日制317 72.06 67.73冯建英106269090100299 401农学院0901Z2烟草学全日制327 72.72 69.06廖媛106269090400002 401农学院090401植物病理学全日制362 85.52 78.96蔡雪微106269090400006 401农学院090401植物病理学全日制344 87.10 77.95廖容106269090400008 401农学院090401植物病理学全日制355 80.62 75.81沈雪梅106269090400014 401农学院090401植物病理学全日制337 81.35 74.38汪军106269090400027 401农学院090401植物病理学全日制387 84.17 80.79杨正106269090400028 401农学院090401植物病理学全日制369 77.80 75.802/652019年统考硕士研究生拟录取名单公示姓名考生编号院所代码及名称专业代码及名称学习方式初试成绩复试成绩总成绩备注赵鹤南106269090400036 401农学院090401植物病理学全日制362 80.12 76.26徐自强106269090400001 401农学院090402农业昆虫与害虫防治全日制335 74.75 70.88杨胜川106269090400086 401农学院090402农业昆虫与害虫防治全日制348 72.45 71.03余思源106269090400093 401农学院090402农业昆虫与害虫防治全日制318 80.20 71.90王贤106269090400095 401农学院090402农业昆虫与害虫防治全日制335 78.52 72.76李明阳106269090400011 401农学院090403农药学全日制331杨银华106269090400020 401农学院090403农药学全日制354 71.02 70.91廖倩106269071000013 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制348 77.72 73.66李许标106269071000016 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制312 75.34 68.87黄美瑕106269071000105 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制340 80.16 74.08符鹏106269071000119 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制348 77.46 73.53蒋庆106269071000120 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制308 78.64 70.12李文博106269071000128 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制360 79.52 75.76谢敏秋106269071000134 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制322 79.24 71.82段延玲106269071000135 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制355 75.48 73.24张敏娟106269071000141 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制323 74.40 69.50杨阳106269071000148 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制354 78.24 74.52朱莉106269090100007 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制317 81.72 72.56王焜106269090100027 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制333 79.51 73.06陈祥106269090100033 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制344 74.50 71.65刘彦博106269090100036 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制321 79.05 71.63成薇106269090100041 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制348 77.21 73.41段芳106269090100066 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制301 82.40 71.30李紫菱106269090100089 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制277 64.80 60.103/652019年统考硕士研究生拟录取名单公示姓名考生编号院所代码及名称专业代码及名称学习方式初试成绩复试成绩总成绩备注张梦楠106269090100279 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制357 71.72 71.56刘洲106269090300022 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制362 80.45 76.43赵梦梦106269090300039 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制339 81.95 74.88张倍106269090300065 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制367 84.50 78.95曾薪越106269090300075 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制363 83.15 77.88刘明晨106269095100001 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制286 60.12 58.66唐磊106269095100003 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制317 76.92 70.16李均容106269095100004 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制300 77.48 68.74李鑫106269095100005 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制333 64.54 65.57刘琼106269095100006 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制402 85.07 82.74朱嘉心106269095100009 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制270 77.44 65.72吴东明106269095100011 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制277 73.20 64.30郭冲106269095100014 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制348 77.48 73.54黄森106269095100016 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制300 73.92 66.96余振怀106269095100018 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制334 80.44 73.62聂晓彬106269095100019 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制322 71.06 67.73汤维群106269095100020 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制340 72.54 70.27谭先明106269095100021 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制358 80.60 76.10田康康106269095100023 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制341 80.20 74.20段小健106269095100036 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制301 80.10 70.15肖媛106269095100037 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制362 83.94 78.1776.35 67.28卢俊吉106269095100044 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制270 78.77 66.39易茜106269095100051 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制320 75.01 69.514/652019年统考硕士研究生拟录取名单公示姓名考生编号院所代码及名称专业代码及名称学习方式初试成绩复试成绩总成绩备注陈强106269095100059 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制278 74.46 65.03段强106269095100060 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制267 75.51 64.46王晓钰106269095100061 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制343 79.56 74.08任俊波106269095100062 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制307 77.78 69.59史正荣106579520108687 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制341 75.28 71.74彭菊106779000000690 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制334 72.80 69.80陈相君107129141211816 401农学院095131农艺与种业全日制333 86.08 76.34朱世林100199041136746 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制308 91.20 76.40唐梦雪105619200002714 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制281 80.44 68.32邢婷106269083400118 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制286 81.50 69.35郑滔106269090100042 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制285 80.40 68.70周颖106269090400009 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制279 86.20 71.00杨涛106269095100013 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制266 74.77 63.99王艳玲106269095100029 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制268 78.30 65.95杨凯106269095100030 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制292 75.37 66.8976.51 64.06刘玲106269095100047 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制279 73.90 64.85彭鑫106269095100048 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制260 73.62 62.81李思锦106269095100057 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制265 81.61 67.31安月圆106269095100058 401农学院095131农艺与种业非全日制273 66.00 60.30左瑞洁107039161341053 401农学院095131农业与种业非全日制292 71.82 65.11 因王植自愿放弃补录曹雯星106269090100053 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制325 80.22 72.61陈琦106269090100300 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制312 63.42 62.91张雪艳106269090200059 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制324 72.94 68.875/652019年统考硕士研究生拟录取名单公示姓名考生编号院所代码及名称专业代码及名称学习方式初试成绩复试成绩总成绩备注毕燕106269090400007 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制329 71.72 68.76王艳梅106269090400010 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制291 80.67 69.44李潘106269090400013 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制284 71.10 63.95秦洁106269090400016 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制335 76.20 71.60杨欢106269090400022 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制340 72.35 70.18巫蔚106269090400031 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制320 80.90 72.45赵路评106269090400033 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制348 77.55 73.58张钰明106269090400048 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制272 76.05 65.23张悦106269090400097 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制271 78.91 66.56刘林文106269095100067 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制350 79.91 74.96许会停106269095100074 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护全日制323 77.44 71.02方敏106269095100082 401农学院095132资源利用与植物保护非全日制269 78.08 65.94。

博士研究生入学试题参考答案

中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所博士研究生生物化学入学试题2003年一、名词解释（每题5分，共30分）1、寡糖与多糖由2~20个单糖通过糖苷键连接而成的糖类物质，有的结构非常复杂。

可分初生寡糖和次生寡糖两类。

多糖也称聚糖，是由很多个单糖单位构成的糖类物质，单糖数目一般多于20个，多糖属于非还原糖，不呈现变旋现象，无甜味，一般不能结晶。

2、端粒酶它是一种含有RNA链的逆转录酶，能以所含的RNA为模版来合成DNA端粒结构。

通常端粒酶含有约150个碱基的RNA链，其中含1个半拷贝的端粒重复单位的模版。

3、酮体由乙酰-CoA转化成的乙酰乙酸、D-β-羟丁酸和丙酮，这三个化合物统称酮体。

4、生糖氨基酸与生酮氨基酸凡能形成丙酮酸、α-酮戊二酸、琥珀酸和草酰乙酸的氨基酸都称为生糖氨基酸，而分解过程中转变为乙酸乙酰-CoA，乙酸乙酰-CoA可在动物的肝脏中可转变为乙酰乙酸、D-β-羟丁酸的这类氨基酸为生酮氨基酸，主要有苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和色氨酸。

5、终止子与终止因子提供转录终止信号的DNA序列称为终止子，而协助RNA聚合酶识别终止子的辅助因子（蛋白质）则称为终止因子。

6、分子伴侣（molecular chaperone）一种通过抑制新生肽链不恰当的聚集并排除与其他蛋白质不合理的结合，从而协助多肽链正确折叠的蛋白质。

二、以下问答题任选7题回答（每题10分，共70分）1、简述关于生物膜运输的分子机制的几种主要假设以及他们间的相互关系。

2、蛋白质磷酸化和去磷酸化的生物学意义是什么？3、请解释酶促反应的前馈和反馈（feedforward和feedback）及其意义。

4、什么机制保证了DNA复制的准确性？5、神经和肌肉等细胞活动的直接提供者是ATP。

然而，ATP在细胞中的含量很低，在哺乳动物肌肉中仅为3~8mmol/kg。

问：是否存在其他贮能物质，又是怎样“运作”的呢？6、为什么C4植物即使在大气CO2浓度很低的时候光合作用效率仍很高？7、逆转座子广泛存在于真核生物基因组中，简述它的生物学意义并说明原因。

四川农业大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题-生物化学

四川农业大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：280生物化学(总分：100分)适用专业：各专业考生注意：答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、单项选择题：（1×16=16分）1.协同效应的结构基础是：a.蛋白质分子的缔合b.蛋白质的别构作用c.蛋白质分子被激活d.蛋白质的变性作用2. 有一个蛋白质样品，经SDS-PAGE及不连续PAGE检查均显一条带；N端分析及C 端分析说明它只有一个端基；等电聚焦电泳中呈现一深一浅的两条带。

一般情况下，这蛋白质样品最可能是：a. 样品不纯b. 样品呈微不均一性c. 样品由几种大小不同的亚基组成3.酶反应速度对底物浓度作图，当底物浓度达一定程度时，得到的是零级反应，对此最恰当的解释是：a.形变底物与酶产生不可逆结合b.酶与未形变底物形成复合物c.酶的活性部位为底物所饱和d.过多底物与酶发生不利于催化反应的结合4.基因有两条链，与mRNA序列相同(T代替U)的链叫作：a.有义链b.反义链c.重链d.cDNA链5.端粒酶是一种：a.限制性内切酶b.反转录酶c.RNA聚合酶d.肽酰转移酶6.甾醇类激素容易通过靶细胞膜，是由于它：a.与膜受体有高度亲和力b.分子的亲水性强c.分子上有羟基结合d.自身是脂溶性的7.通常使用哪一种试剂测定多肽链的氨基末端？还有2，4-二硝基甲苯（Sanger法），二者都是氨基的烃基化反应）a. CNBrb. 苯异硫氰酸酯（Edman法）c. 6mol/LHCld. 胰蛋白酶8.在接近中性pH的条件，下列哪种基团既可为H+的受体，也可为H+的供体？a. His-咪唑基b. Lys- -氨基c. Arg-胍基d. Cys-巯基9.一个速度对底物浓度作图有S型曲线的酶：a.肯定是别构酶b.不是别构酶c.不一定是别构酶10.寡聚脱氧胸苷酸(oligo dT)纤维素柱层析分离mRNA是属于：a.分配层析b.离子交换层析c.亲和层析d.高压液相层析11.以下哪一个是正确的a. 线粒体内膜对H+离子没有通透性b. 线粒体内膜能通透H+离子由内向外c. 线粒体内膜能通透H+离子由外向内d. 线粒体内膜能自由通透H+离子12.目前已经知道某种金属离子在细胞信号传导行使细胞功能时起十分重要作用，它是：a. Na+b. K+c.Ca2+d.Mg2+13.腺苷酸环化酶存在于：a.内质网膜b.细胞核c.质膜d. 质膜或胞浆14.非竞争性抑制剂使：a.Vmax不变，Km变大b. Vmax变小，Km不变c. Vmax变小，Km变小15.米氏常数(Km)不受酶浓度影响a.随酶浓度增大而增大b.随酶浓度增大而减/c.随底物浓度增大而减，」、d.是酶的特性性常数16．人免疫缺损病毒(HIV)引起艾滋病，这种病毒是一种a. DNA病毒b.RNA病毒二、解释下列名词（任选作6题，多选不计分；6×6=36分）1、亲和层析2、Tm3、蛋白质结构域4、蛋白质组学5、别构酶6、GTP-binding protein7、peptide plane 8、isoenzyme9、Human Genome Project 10、antibody三、问答题（任选作4题，多选不计分；12×4=48分）1、谈谈你对遗传密码的认识和中心法则的主要内容。

四川农业大学2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题-作物栽培学

四川农业大学
2010年招收攻读博士学位研究生考试试题
科目名称：3081作物栽培学(总分：100分)适用专业：作物栽培学与耕作学
考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！
一、用英文写出下列名词，并用英文解释（每个6分，共30分）：
1.经济产量和经济系数
2.间作和套作
3.冷害和冻害
4.生长和发育
5.源和叶面积指数
二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）
1.简述确定作物播种时期的原则。

2.简述提高复种指数的自然条件和生产条件。

3.简述作物栽培技术措施在农民增收中的作用。

三、论述题（40分）：
以一种作物为例，论述作物产量的构成因素、及其相互间的关系，据此提出提高该作物产量的主要技术措施。

四川农业大学植物生理学考研真题

四川农业大学2011年招收攻读硕士学位研究生考试试题科目名称： 636植物生理学(总分：150分)适用专业： 0710生物学（植物类）考生注意：所有答案必需写在答题纸上，否则无效！本试题随同答题纸交回！一、填空题（每空1分，共28分）1.植物光合细胞中，淀粉是在中形成，蔗糖是在中形成。

2.植物光周期的反应类型主要有、和 3种。

3.正常植物从叶尖、叶缘分泌液滴的现象称为，从受伤植物的伤口溢出液体的现象称为。

4.花粉的识别蛋白分布在上；柱头的识别蛋白分布在上。

5.当细胞充分吸水完全膨胀时，Ψp=，Ψw=.6.植物叶绿素的丙酮提取液透射光下呈色，反射光下呈色。

7.光合作用C4途径中CO2固定酶是；C3途径中CO2固定酶是。

8.压力流动学说认为，筛管中液体流动是由输导系统两端的引起的。

9.在正常条件下，生物膜的膜脂呈态，当温度下降到一定程度时，膜脂变为态。

10.膜脂不饱和脂肪酸越多，固化温度越，植物抗冷性越。

11.水稻种子萌发第一个时期是从吸胀到萌动为止，主要进行呼吸，第二个时期从萌动开始，胚部真叶长出为止，则以呼吸为主。

12.除经典的五大类植物激素外，新发现的天然植物生长物质还有及等。

13.水分沿导管或管胞上升的动力是和。

14.植物组织培养的理论依据是，用来培养的植物体部分叫。

二、单项选择（每题1分，共20分）1、在光合链中最终电子供体和最终电受体分别是（）。

A．Z，NADP＋ B．水，NAD＋ C．水，NADP＋D．Q，NADP2、乙烯促进植物器官的脱落，是由于乙烯可诱导（）的合成。

A．磷酸脂酶B．淀粉水解酶 C．蛋白酶 D．纤维素酶3、植物光呼吸是在（）三种细胞器中完成的。

A．叶绿体，过氧化物体及乙醛酸体 B．叶绿体，过氧化物体及线粒体C．叶绿体，高尔基体及乙醛酸体D．叶绿体，过氧化物体及溶酶体4、与果实呼吸跃变的产生有关的植物激素是（）。

A．生长素B．乙烯 C．脱落酸 D．赤霉素5、在光合色素中，属于反应中心色素的是（）。

作物育种学历年考题及答案汇总

四川农业大学2003年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题382作物育种学看到此处一、名词解释（20分，每小题2分）0378考过名词解释1.品种：是在一定的生态条件和经济条件下，根据人类的需要所选育的某种作物的群体，这种群体具有相对稳定的遗传特性，在生物学、形态学，经济性状上的相对一致性，与同一作物的其他群体在特征、特性上有所区别，在相应的地区和耕作条件下种植，在产量，品质，抗性等方面都能符合生产发展的需要，是人工进化和人工选择的结果，是重要的农业生产资料。

2.杂交种：利用不同基因型的品种或类型杂交，以创造变异，获得新类型，并通过培育和选择而育成的品种。

杂交种品种是在严格选择亲本和控制授粉的条件下，生产的各类杂交组合的F1植株群体，他们的基因型是高度杂合的，群体又具有不同程度的同质性，表现出很高的生产力。

杂交种品种通常只种植F1，即利用杂种优势。

杂交种不能稳定遗传，F2将发生基因型分离，杂合度降低，导致产量下降。

自交系品种又称纯系品种，是对突变或杂合基因型经过连续多代的自交加选择而得到的同质纯合群体，它实际上包含了自花授粉作物和常异花授粉作物的纯系品种和异花授粉作物的自交系品种。

3.测交种：用不育系作母本，用恢复系作父本进行杂交获得的品种。

测验自交系配合力所进行的杂交叫测交，测交所得的后代成为测交种。

用不育系作为母本，恢复系作为父本，测验自交系配合力进行的测交，所获得的后代称为测交种。

4.杂种：不同基因型的品种或类型杂交后获得的基因型混杂的未经选择的种群。

5.制种：按照良种繁殖技术规范进行大规模种子繁殖称为制种。

6.系统育种：根据育种目标，从现有品种的自然变异类型中，选出具有优良变异的个体，分别种植，每一个体形成一个系统，经连续比较鉴定，选优去劣而育成新品种的方法。

7.系谱法：自交种第一次分离世代开始选株，分别种植成株行，即系统，以后各世代均在优良系统中继续进行单株选择，直至选出性状优良一致的系统升级进行产量实验。

07-08第1学期作物栽培学1-(1级)试题答案及评分标准(A卷).doc

07-08第1学期作物栽培学卜(1级)试题答案及评分标准(A卷)一、名词解释(每小题2分，共20分)I：作物群体总绿色叶面积与该群体所占土地面积的比值。

2.NAR：单位叶而积在单位时间内的干物质增长量。

3.生冇时期：作物一生屮植株外部形态呈现显著变化的若干时期。

4.套种：是在前茬作物的生育后期，在其行I'可播种或移栽其它作物的种植方式。

D :在某一生育时期或整个生育时期内群体绿叶面积的逐口累积，光合势的单位以平方米・FI来表示6.营养品质：指农产品所含的营养成分，如蛋白质；脂肪、淀粉以及各种维生素、矿质元素、微量元素等。

还包括人体必需的氨基酸、不饱和脂肪酸、支链淀粉与直链淀粉及其比例等。

7.种植密度:单位土地面积上作物群体内的植株数量，实质上代表群体中每一个体平均占冇的营养面积的大小。

&需水临界期：作物一牛中对水分最为敏感的时期，称为需水临界期。

所谓对水的敏感期，就是说在这一时期若水分过多或不足，对作物的生长发育和最终的产量和品质有很不利的影响，以后即使水分供应适宜了，损火也难以弥补。

9•经济系数：经济产量占生物产量的比例，即生物产量转化为经济产量的效率，叫做经济系数或收获指数。

10.表土耕作：表土耕作或叫次级耕作，是在基本耕作基础上采用的入土较浅，作用强度较小，旨在破碎十-块，平整地，消灭杂草，为播种出苗和植株生长创造良好条件的一类土壤耕作措施。

表土耕作深度一般不超过lOcmo 包括耙地、耕地、镇压、起垄、开沟、作畦等作业。

二、单项选择题(每小题1分，共10分)1. C2. B3. A4. C5. B6. D7. B8. A9. C 10. D三、判断题(每小题1分，计10分)1.(X)2. ( V)3. ( V)4. ( X )5. ( V )6. (X)7. (X)8. (X)9. (X)10. (V)四、简答题(每小题5分，共25分)1.我国古代精耕细作的优良传统主要表现在哪些方而？。