冀教版八下英语课件-Unit-7-Know-Our-World-Review

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3. 日常对话中通常两种时态配合使用,开始提到一件事做 没做或发生过时用现在完成时,说起这件事具体情形时用 一般过去时。 ➢ — Have you been to Japan?
— Yes, I have. I went there last year. — Who did you go with? —…
5. If you put your __t_ru__st___ in me, I will not let you down.
三、现在完成时的用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和 just (刚刚),already(已经),yet(还,仍然),ever(曾经),never (从未),before(以前),so far(到目前为止)等连用。
➢— Have you had your breakfast yet? — Yes, I have. I've just had it.
表示“曾经去过某地”,暗
含现在已不在那里了。后可 接次数,如 once, twice, three times 等,表示“去过某地几 次”,也可和 just,never, ever等连用。
My sister has been to Dalian twice. 我姐姐去过大连两 次。
Have you ever been to the
延续性动词(词组) be open be closed be lost be dead be a member of / be in be on be here/there be on/off
四、have/has been to 与 have/has gone to 的区别
have/has been to
表达。
非延续性动词(词组) 延续性动词(词组)
become
be
borrow
keep
buyhaຫໍສະໝຸດ eget upbe up
fall asleep
be asleep
make friends
be friends
finish
be over
leave
be away (from)
非延续性动词(词组) open close lose die join begin/start come/go turn on/off
➢They have worked in this company for 30 years. ➢He has been in the army since 2016. (错:He has joined the army since 2016.) 【特别提醒】如果要对 for 或 since 短语提问,疑问词用 how long。 ➢— How long have you lived in this area? — For at least 10 years.
Building Your Vocabulary
I. Read the clues and complete the crossword using the words from this unit. DOWN
1. Please __p_r_e_p_a_r_e for your exams, or you'll fail.
(3)表示“据说,据报道,人们相信”等,常用“It is +过 去分词+ that从句”句型。 ➢It is believed that both of the chairs were repaired by him. (4)文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态。 ➢Teachers Wanted. (省略了are) 招聘老师。
f. The room must be kept clean. 房间必须保持干净。
二、被动语态的用法
(1)当动作的执行者不必或不易说出时,用被动语态。 ➢The flowers are watered every morning. (2)需要突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。动作的执行 者由by引出且置于谓语动词之后,也可省略。 ➢The new teacher is liked by all the students.
➢ I have seen this film.
have not = haven't; has not = hasn't
② 否定句:主语 + have/has not + 过去分词 + 其他.
➢ I have not seen this film.
③ 一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
(3)在含有使役动词make或感官动词(see, watch, notice, hear 等)的主动语态的句子中,这些词后常跟省略to的动词不定式 ,但是改为被动语态时则要把省去的to还原。 ➢I saw him cross the road and enter the shop. ➢→ He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop (by me).
图示法表示
现在完成时用法2: 表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
I moved here in 1990.
I still live here.
past
present
I have lived here for 30 years. (30年来一直生活在这里)
【拓展延伸】
部分非延续性动词(词组)和与之对应的延续性动词(词组)的
c. The meeting will be held in September. 会议将在九月举行。
d. My car is being repaired now. 现在我的车正在被修理。
e. The quality of our products has been greatly improved. 我们产品的质量已大大提高了。
注意事项: (1)含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,不要忽略间接宾语前 的介词。
➢We gave some flowers to Miss Gao on Teachers’ Day. ➢→ Some flowers were given to Miss Gao on Teachers’ Day. (2)含有动词短语的主动结构变被动结构时,不要漏掉短语中 的介词或副词。 ➢We handed in our homework last Friday. ➢→ Our homework was handed in last Friday (by us).
被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式, 用来表示主语和谓语之间的关 系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语 是动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的基本结构
a. The math teacher is respected by all his students. 数学老师被他所有的学生尊敬。
b. The truck was made in 1958. 这辆卡车制造于1958 年。
➢— Have you ever heard this song? — No. I've never heard it before.
➢Julia has collected over 100 beautiful hair clips so far.
图示法表示
现在完成时用法1: 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
(4)含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,既可将间接宾语转 化为主语,也可将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为 主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化为主语,则保留间 接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。 ➢My mother gave me a pencil. ➢→ I was given a pencil by my mother. ➢→ A pencil was given to me by my mother.
I had breakfast.
I'm not hungry now.
past
present
I have already had breakfast.
(早餐过去吃的,现在不饿。)
2. 现在完成时还可以表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作 或状态,常与“for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点 / 从句”连用,这时要用 延续性动词。
West Lake? 你曾经去过西湖吗?
表示“去某地了”,暗含说 have/has 话时该人不在现场。
gone to
— Where is Jim?吉姆在哪 里?
— He has gone to England. 他去英国了。 (尚未回来)
五、现在完成时 VS 一般过去时 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强 调的是现在的情况,因此不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。
(3)某些表示主语质地特征的不及物动词,如write,wash, sell,read,clean,drive 等,它们的主语为物时,用主动形式 表示被动含义。 ➢This kind of skirt sells well here. (4)不及物动词或词组没有被动结构,如:take place (发生 ),happen(发生),come out(发生),break out(爆发) , appear(出现), disappear(消失),last(持续)等。
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答:No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.
➢ —Have you seen the film? —Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
二、过去分词的构成
1. 规则变化(与动词过去式规则一样,此类称作规则动词)
一般在词尾 直接加 -ed
八年级英语下(JJ) 教学课件
Unit 7 Know Our World Unit Review
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的基本结构
和主语一致
现在完成时由“助动词 have/has + 过去分词”构成,其基本句式结构为:
① 肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他. have/has 常可缩略为 -'ve/-'s
以不发音的e结尾 的,加 -d
以“辅音字母+y” 结尾的,改y为i
加-ed
重读闭音节以一个辅音字 母结尾的,双写这个辅音
字母后加 -ed
work→wor ked
slice→sliced
study→studied
stop→stopped
-ed 的读音规则: ① 在元音或浊辅音后读 [d],如 tried [traɪd],lived [lɪvd]。 ② 在清辅音后读 [t],如 worked [wɜːkt],stopped [stɒpt]。 ③ 在[t][d]后读[ɪd],如 mended [mendɪd],wanted [wɒntɪd]。
三、不能使用被动语态的情况
(1)系动词get,turn,become,seem,look,sound,smell ,taste,feel等后接形容词作表语时,用主动形式表示被动含 义。 ➢) That dog looks dangerous. (2)动词need,want以及短语be worth 等后接动词-ing时, 用主动形式表示被动含义。 ➢My flowers need watering.
➢I have already done my homework.(不能用last night等) ➢I've been to Paris before.(不能用last year等)
2.一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态,与现在无关。可以和表示过去 的时间状语连用。
➢I did my homework last night. ➢When did you go to Paris? (when 一定不要和现在完成时连用)
四、主动语态与被动语态的转化
主动语态 转化为被 动语态的 步骤
(1)确定主动句的主语、谓语和宾语。
(2)把主动句里的宾语变为被动句的主语,若主动句里 的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。
(3)把谓语变成被动结构“be+动词的过去分词”,但 时态不能改变。 (4)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by后作宾语,若主语 是人称代词,应把主格变为宾格。
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