关于否定前移
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关于否定是否前移的概述和经典例句1.在带宾语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测”等心理活动的动词时,否定谓语从句的not往往转移到主句,成为“形式否定主句,意义否定从句”,这种语法现象就叫做否定(前)转移。
如:
I don’t think he will come this afternoon. 我认为他今天下午不会来。
I don’t believe I have the pleasure of knowing you. 很遗憾,我并不认识你。
I don’t guess that they have got married.
我猜他们还没有结婚。
I don’t expect they have finished the work..
我料想他们还没有完成工作。
I don’t suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad.
我看他在国外学习几年后不会回家乡了。
I don’t feel you should go. 我觉得你不应该去。
I didn’t imagine that Tom would help her.
我猜想汤姆不会帮助她。
2. 主句中的谓语动词若与情态动词或状语连用时,不转移否定。
I can’t believe that they are married. 我真不敢相信他们结婚了。
We can’t believe that he turns an honest penny. 我们不能相信他是用正当手段挣钱。
You mustn’t think he’s an honest person. 你不可以认为他是一个诚实的人。
I didn’t ever suppose that they were happy. 我并不认为他们是幸福的。
但是,在带有can’t和couldn’t的句子中,有时can’t和couldn’t带有否定转移的含义。
如:She can’t seem to do it. (=She seems not to be able to do it.) 她似乎不能做这件事。
注意
动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel在下列情况下,否定不转移:(1) 这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时,否定不转移。
如:
I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。
(2)用于疑问句时,否定不转移。
如:
Do you think it is not going to rain 你认为天不会下雨吗?
Don’t you believe that he has done a good thing 难道你不相信他做了一件好事?
(3)用作插入语时,否定不转移。
如:
Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
Mike, I believe, hasn’t seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。
(4)动词前有其他副词修饰时,否定不转移。
如:
I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。
(5) 动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时,否定不转移。
I thought that he wouldn’t come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。
She didn’t believe that he became a good boy. 她不
相信他变成了一个好孩子。
He thinks that he isn’t fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。
He doesn’t believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。
(6) 当宾语从句中含的否定为not…at all, not a little, not a few, not enough, can’t help等固定搭
配时,否定不转移。
如:
I think that he doesn’t know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。
I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好,那么只记单词是不够的。
I believe that you can’t help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。
(7)当宾语从句中含no, nothing, nobody, nowhere, hardly, seldom, little, few等否定词或
半否词时,否定不转移。
如:
I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。
I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的
话,那么谁也逃不掉。
I suppose that he is a man of few words.
我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。
3.当think用在疑问句中时,不转移否定。
Why do you think I can’t change your note 你为什么认为我换不开你的钞票呢?
4.由knew, fear, mean, I am afraid等动词形式构成的宾语从句中,其否定词not,通常不进行否定转移。
当然,这并不是说否定词not不能否定以上动词形式,而是说否定宾语从句和否定主句谓语动词的意思不同。
试比较:
He knew you wouldn’t tell on him. 他知道你不会出卖他。
He didn’t know you should tell on him. 他没想到你竟会出卖他。
I mean you didn’t do it right. 我是说你做得不对。
I don’t mean you did it right. 我并不是说你做的对。
I am afraid that he won’t threaten me with death. 恐怕他不会以死来威胁我。
I am not afraid that he will threaten me with death. 我不怕他以死来威胁我。
5.动词hope不可进行否定转移。
I hope it won’t snow. 我希望天不下雨。
I hope she doesn’t dislike the flowers. 我希望她不会讨厌(会喜欢)这些花。
6.在下列几种情况下,think的宾语从句中的否定词通常不可前移到主句中:1)宾语从句中有固定短语,如can’t help, not at all, not only… but also… 等。
I thi nk everybody can’t help laughing if they see it. 我认为,人们看到时会禁不住大笑。
I think she is not only beautiful but also kind. 我认为,她不仅漂亮,而且善良。
2)宾语从句中not与just, enough, quite, much等副词连用。
如:
I think you are not quite sure about it. 我认为,你们对这一点并不能完全肯定。
I think she’s not much like her mother. 我觉得,她不怎么像她的母亲。
3)宾语从句中含有no, nothing, never, nobody等。
如:
I think she has never been there. 我认为,她从未去过那里。
4)think本身有其他词修饰或与其他动词构成并列谓语。
如:
I sometimes think he is not an honest man. 我有时认为他并不诚实。
I do think you shouldn’t hurt her. 我的确认为你不该伤害她。
I think and hope that I’m not disturbing you so much. 我认为,也希望,我不太打扰你。
5)think以过去时、完成时等出现,则不一定要求否定前移。
如:
I was thinking that he wouldn’t succeed. 我在想他不会成功。
I thought you didn’t marry her. 我原以为你不会与她结婚。
I had thought he wouldn’t come. 我愿意为他不会来呢。
但是,在现代英语中,为了使语气柔和,过去时态的句子中偶尔也可见到这种否定转移。
如:
I don’t think this man would want to hurt me. 我想,这个人不会伤害我。
6)think的主语不是I或we,而是其它人称。
如:
They think she will not come. 他们认为她不会来。
7.在现代英语中,下面两句都可以说:
I don’t think he will succeed.
I think he won’t succeed. 我认为他不会成功。