污水处理工业废水回用中英文对照外文翻译文献

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污水处理工业废水回用中英文对照外文翻
译文献
XXX and resource recovery in us industries。

and they are of significant XXX-catalysis has been well established for water recovery and reuse。

chemo-catalysis is only starting to make an XXX-catalytic processes for water reuse。

XXX。

XXX.
2.Chemo-XXX reuse
Chemo-XXX。

including XXX。

One of the most promising ns of chemo-XXX。

XXX。

This process has been shown to be effective in removing COD (chemical oxygen demand) XXX.
3.XXX COD removal
XXX treatment。

The process involves the use of a XXX can be a metal oxide or a metal complex。

and the oxidizing agent can be hydrogen peroxide。

ozone。

or XXX mild ns。

and the process is XXX.
4.XXX
XXX (AOPs) such as XXX。

photo-Fenton n。

and electro-XXX include the use of anic frameworks (MOFs) XXX.
5.n
In n。

chemo-catalytic processes。

XXX。

XXX。

such as AOPs。

MOFs。

and nanomaterials。

have the potential to XXX of industrial water treatment.
Industrial water re-use in Europe is not yet widespread。

but with potential long-term changes in XXX and rivers。

XXX prices rise。

XXX future approaches。

it is important to note that the best way to deal with XXX if possible。

Water should not be viewed as a naturally available cheap solvent。

but rather as a difficult-to-purify。

XXX。

avoidance may not be possible in an existing plant。

and there are advantages and disadvantagesXXX XXX COD XXX aspects cannot be over-emphasized。

it is XXX-up is expensive。

and recycle and re-use。

even with a cost-effective process。

require capital equipment that will lower return on assets and make the process less financially attractive。

Currently。

the best technology for water recycle is membrane-based。

but it cannot be used in n and will often require XXX are required to handle all aspects of the water XXX.
Fig。

1 XXX。

XXX.
2.1 Refineries
XXX of oil to the XXX water。

Water is used to clean oil pipelines from offshore rigs。

and oil XXX。

significant water improvement issues arise.
2.2 Chemicals
The n of XXX drying.
2.3 Petrochemicals
XXX acid gases (CO2.H2S) XXX issue。

Caustic scrubbing is the usual method。

which results in XXX.
Figure 2 displays the XXX。

as shown in references 2.6.and 8.can be XXX processes。

XXX:
1.catalysis
2.XXX-based methods
3.Chemical n
One nal category。

without catalysis using chemical oxidants。

can also be considered.
3.1 Redox Catalysis and Active Oxygen Transfer
XXX。

there are general similarities een the two oxidants that allow one to write a series of ns for both (Fig。

3) [5]。

This type
of mechanism can describe a broad range of ns for either oxidant。

XXX:
1.The ns take place in a two-phase system.
2.High pressure and temperature are not required.
3.The catalytic surface can act as an adsorbent of the COD to be oxidized。

XXX.
By using this mechanism。

redox catalysis and active oxygen transfer can occur without the need for high pressure or temperature。

The catalytic surface can also act as an effective adsorbent for the COD。

increasing XXX take place in a two-phase system。

making them useful for a wide range of ns。

Overall。

XXX the two oxidants。

one can write a series of ns that XXX.
XXX in this type of process。

If the catalyst poses the oxidant into oxygen gas。

it is counterproductive as xygen does not aid in COD XXX as it results in the wastage of reagent with oxygen gas。

XXX。

XXX processes。

it XXX.
3.2.Mapping the Technology
In this n。

we will discuss the mapping of technology。

Technology mapping is a crucial step in the development of a new process。

It involves identifying the critical components of the process and XXX.
The first step in technology mapping is to identify the key process parameters。

These parameters include the nature of the substrate。

the type of oxidant。

and the catalyst。

Once these parameters are identified。

the next step is to select the XXX.
For example。

if the substrate is a complex organic molecule。

XXX。

if XXX。

then a redox catalyst may be the best choice.
XXX。

it is also essential to XXX of the process。

A technology that works well in the laboratory may not be suitable
for large-scale n。

Therefore。

it is XXX during the mapping process.
In n。

XXX mapping is a critical step in the development of a new process。

It involves identifying the XXX for each parameter。

It is also essential to XXX during the mapping process.
XXX COD n (measured as TOC) and effluent flow rate (m3
h-1) can be mapped [12]。

as shown in Fig。

4.However。

XXX
are fuzzy and should only be used as a XXX each shape。

The cost model underlying the map is based on simple ns。

At high COD
mass flows。

only air/oxygen can keep costs down due to the relatively low variable cost of the oxidant。

At high COD ns and high flows。

only XXX。

especially if done at source recovery。

At low flows and low COD levels。

XXX。

with the ix Accent 1 process being an example (see Fig。

5 for a XXX)。

XXX at pH。

9 to avoid metal leaching (<5 ppb)。

XXX to look at potential surface species。

as shown in Fig。

3.which has been extended by significant research [3,4,5]。

The mechanism of such a catalyst can be described in Fig。

6.where the key step is to avoid n of NiO holes to give peroxy species。

This can be contrasted with the hydrogen peroxide n。

where the step may be XXX。

The range of n of the process is outlined below。

From laboratory data。

some general types of chemical have been found suitable。

including sulphides。

amines。

alcohols。

ketones。

aldehydes。

phenols。

carboxylic acids。

olefins。

and aromatic hydrocarbons。

From industrial trials。

recalcitrant COD (degradable) and XXX successfully demonstrated。

and a plant oxidizing sulphur species has been XXX.
XXX are still in their early stages of development。

with the main XXX the redox catalysis system。

XXX。

These include low capital costs。

simple n that can be automated。

and XXX。

XXX.
The author would like to thank Jane Butcher and Keith Kelly
of XXX.
XXX:
1] R.J。

Farrauto。

XXX。

XXX。

Blackie Academic and nal。

1997.F.E。

Hancock / Catalysis Today 53 (1999)3–9 9.
本文介绍了工业废水回用的接触反应策略。

首先,介绍了生物污水处理系统的理论和操作。

然后,讨论了催化剂在废水处理中的应用,包括一些相关的研究。

接着,介绍了环境催化的概念,并提出了一些相关的研究成果。

最后,讨论了一些有关废水处理的研究,包括水质量和水处理技术方面的研究。

废水回用技术概述
随着工业的不断发展,工业废水的排放量也在不断增加。

为了减少对环境的影响,工业废水回用技术越来越受到重视。

其中,化学接触反应技术是一种被广泛应用并极具经济效益的技术。

在生物接触反应理论逐渐完善的今天,化学接触反应技
术正在逐渐兴起,特别是在水资源恢复和回用方面。

本论文将探讨化学接触反应在水资源回用中的原理和应用。

3.化学接触反应技术在水资源回用中的应用
化学接触反应技术主要是通过氧化还原催化作用和活性氧转移氧化剂来实现污染物的去除。

其中,氧化还原催化作用具有很多优点,例如反应速率快、反应效率高、操作简单等。

活性氧转移氧化剂则可以通过氧化作用将污染物转化为无害物质。

这些技术在工业废水回用中具有广泛的应用前景,可以有效地提高水质并降低成本。

4.COD去除率及其影响因素
COD是衡量废水中有机污染物含量的重要指标,也是评
估水质的重要参数之一。

在化学接触反应技术中,COD去除
率是衡量技术效果的重要指标之一。

影响COD去除率的因素
有很多,例如反应时间、反应温度、氧化剂种类和浓度等。

了解这些影响因素对于优化化学接触反应技术的应用具有重要意义。

5.结论
水资源回用技术是未来水资源管理的重要方向之一。

化学接触反应技术作为一种经济高效的技术,在水资源回用中具有广泛的应用前景。

通过氧化还原催化作用和活性氧转移氧化剂的作用,可以有效地去除废水中的有机污染物。

同时,了解影响COD去除率的因素,可以优化化学接触反应技术的应用效果。

因此,在未来的水资源回用中,化学接触反应技术将会发挥越来越重要的作用。

处理工业污水是一个涉及多个领域的复杂过程。

以下是一些示例:
2.1 精炼厂
在将原油送往炼油厂的过程中,会对水体造成污染。

无论是海上钻探平台引出的输油管道被水冲刷干净,还是储油船的压舱水,都会带来一系列水质改良问题。

2.2 化学药品
在合成媒介或特殊化学药品烘干前,常需大量清水冲掉杂质或残余可燃性溶媒。

2.3 石油化工产品
乙烯车间需要去除生产过程中形成的酸性气体。

在通过高温分解来提高加工选择性之前添加硫化物更加剧了这一情形。

惯常采用腐蚀性擦洗的办法引发了大量废水处理的问题。

2.4 药物和农用化学品
这些工业在合成时需要冲洗步骤,包括以水为基础的表面活性剂和湿介质。

2.5 食品和饮料
清洁工艺需要大量水,产生BOD和COD。

2.6 纸浆和造纸
生产过程中需要大量用水,除了标准牛皮纸处理纸浆外,漂白阶段需要水合过氧化物和酶。

因此,了解人类社会活动对水质造成的污染是至关重要的。

一份市政处理厂流速的调查显示,未经处理的工业废水对环境造成了重要影响。

3.处理技术
处理工业污水需要采用多种技术,如图2所示。

这些可行的或处于发展中的工艺示例[2,6,8]依据大体的反映机理规则可被划分为几类。

如果催化工艺中的吸附过程被忽略的话,则分类如下:
1.生物催化作用
2.以空气/氧为基础的接触反应
3.化学氧化
4.无催化作用的化学药剂氧化
5.利用_OH或活性氧转移的催化作用
生物催化作用在市政污水处理中发挥了极佳的作用,为去除水中有机物提供了经济高效的途径。

在使用不同种类的细菌来增加技术的灵活性方面取得了很大进展。

然而,一个遗留问题是如何处置脱水后的活性污泥。

污泥量意味着这是一个棘手的问题,作为肥料这一应用途径是有限的。

吸收了重金属的污泥是有毒性的,反抗的有毒的COD。

这种情况下,焚烧和使用填埋来安全处理灰烬是必要的。

以空气为基础的氧化是十分吸引人的,因为如果不需氧化剂就意味着不需纯级的氧气。

不幸的是,它仅是微溶于水,低温化学惰性强,需要一定温度和压力来加快反应速度。

压力作用下,这类工厂资本紧张。

因此,即使运行费用低廉,最初的建厂资本对后期工艺运行费用有着极大的影响。

催化作用虽然加快了反应速度,降低了运行温度和压力,但却不能完全避免或提供一套完整的解决办法。

使用的催化剂大多为第8族金属元素,例如钴和铜。

滤去此类金属进入液相是困难的,因为它阻止了异类的催化剂。

XXX。

XXX diagram provides an overview of the effective n areas of the technology。

but the boundaries are fuzzy and can only serve as a guide。

Only after the theoretical system is formed can the technology take a leading n。

The cost model underlined in the diagram is based on a simple n that only air/oxygen can control the processing cost of COD。

as the XXX low。

Under the n of selective n of water quality。

only logical treatment XXX feasible for sewage with high flow and high COD XXX for low flow and low COD values。

The SA process shown in Figure 5 belongs to this category.
XXX system control at pH <9.so metal n XXX research on
the activity and XXX in Table 3 can be referenced to possible surface styles。

This simple view can be extended by a large number of studies on [3,4,5]。

The mechanism of this catalyst is now represented in Figure 6.The key step is to avoid n een XXX.
The scope of n of this process is listed below。

and some major types of chemical XXX data。

such as sulfides。

amines。

alcohols。

ketones。

aldehydes。

phenols。

amino acids。

paraffins。

XXX。

resistance to COD and sulfides has been successfully demonstrated。

and XXX installed and put into n.
4.n
XXX treatment process is still in its early stages of development。

The current important parameters are effectiveness and long-XXX to the stage of n-XXX。

once proven。

n catalysis XXX:
1.XXX XXX.
2.Simple and automatic n。

high degree of XXX.
3.XXX different needs.。

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