医学英语汉译英

• 如果血液被过多摄入的液体所稀释，尿的 排出就会增加。 • If the blood is diluted by an excessive intake of fluids the output of urine is increased.
• 普萘洛尔确实有效，它可较大程度地增加 很多患者的运动耐受性。 • Propranolol does have a demonstrable effect, and in many patients it will increase exercise tolerance considerably. demonstrable
例4：治疗无排卵子宫出血的首要目标应是将 增生型的子宫内膜转化为分泌型的子宫内膜。 • The treatment of anovulatory bleeding should have as its first aim the transformation of proliferative (endometrium) into secretory endometrium.
4. adjectives used to express degree
5. “a set of adjectives + the same noun”
6. predicate adjective + prep.
7. of phrase
8. on a … basis
9. n. + infinite
2. in + abstract noun
例1：这些药物的成分是不同的
The composition of these pills are different
These pills are different in composition
例 2 ：白细胞的数量比红细胞少得多，数量 之比约为1：600 The white cells are much fewer in number than the red cells, about one to 600.
3. One stem, and two branches
• 以名词为中心词，后面跟两个介词短语。 第一个介词往往时of， 第二个是其他介 词，两个介词短语都修饰中心名词，综 合起来构成一个复杂的概念。写作中运 用这种结构，可以使得句子语言简洁， 突出概念，言简意赅。
例1：感染物吸入到肺是肺脓肿的最常见病因。 • Aspiration of infectious material into the lung is the most common cause of lung abscess. 例2：像呕吐一样，腹泻也是身体防止中毒的 一种自然保护作用。 • Like vomiting, diarrhea is a natural protection of the body against poisoning.
骨盆检查显示外阴有明显的炎症。 Pelvic examination shows that there is considerable inflammation of the vulva. • AD患者血浆中P物质浓度相对于对照组 有显著增加(P<0.01); • Patients with AD had significant increase in plasma level of Substance P compared with controls (P<0.01).
The eye is much like a camera in structure and action.
• 每条染色体上的基因成对地排列，有 严格的次序，每一个基因占据特定的 位置 （又称基因座）。
• The genes on each chromosome are arranged in pairs and in strict order, with each gene occupying a specific location or locus.
• The body need nutrition. • The need of body for nutrition
4. Adjectives used to express degree
• 尿中出现可以检测到的（一定量的）葡萄 糖称为糖尿。 • The presence of appreciable amounts of glucose in the urine is known as glycosuria. • 血液中出现了尿酸的明显增多。
• There has been an appreciable increase of uric acid in the blood.
• Appreciable
• Considerable• Marked• Significant
appreciable/considerable/marked/ significant increase
例3：将小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中） 能引起其体内粒细胞总数增加，包括粒细 胞的祖代细胞和循环中的粒细胞。 • Short-term exposure of mice to benzene led to an increase in the total number of granulocyte, including progenitor cells and circulating granulocytes.
• 有时，名词后面可有三个介词短语。 这种损伤导致体液从血液向组织渗漏。
Such damage results in the leakage of fluid from the blood into the tissues. • 第二个短语也可以是不定式短语 肾小管对这些物质的吸收能力不是无限的。 The capacity of the tubules to absorb these substances is not unlimited.
• 这种药（依地酸钙钠）对急性和慢性铅中毒 是有效的，它可引起明显增加的尿铅排出。 • The drug (sodium calcium edetate) is effective in acute and chronic lead poisoning; it produces a marked increase in the urinary excretion of lead.
Wound hematoma is almost always caused by imperfect hemostasis.
• 如果婴儿的饮食中维生素D含量不足就会引 起佝偻病。 • Rickets will result if there is an insufficient amount of vitamin D in the diet of an infant.
light
• 大出血必须及时加以控制，否则就需进 行手术。 • Massive bleeding must be brought under control immediately, otherwise an operation is indicated. Massive
• 当你剧烈运动时，体内产生废物，这些物 质对于神经系统具有轻度的毒性。 • When you exercise vigorously, waste products which act as mild poisons to the nervous system are formed. mild (slight)
10. n + be + infinite
11. The more…the more (less)
12. participle phrase
1. adj.+n. • •
•
“发病率高”（n. + adj.）
“high incidence” （adj.+n.）
e.g. 伤口血肿差不多都是由止血不完善所 致。
• 先天畸形可引起相当比例的婴儿死亡。 • Congenital abnormalities cause a fair proportion of infant deaths. fair • 这种有轻微麻醉作用的药物在腹部手术中 是有价值的。 • The drug is of value, with light anesthesia, in obtaining greater relation in abdominal surgery.
• 普萘洛尔在降低动脉血压上也有适当 的作用。 • Propranolol also has a modest effect in reducing arterial blood pressure. Modest
• 这些事实几乎结论性地表明吸烟习惯与随 后发生的冠状动脉疾病之间的紧密联系。 • These almost conclusively indicate a strong association between the habit of cigarette smoking and the subsequent development of coronary artery disease. Strong
Translation of Medical English
—— from Chinese to English
Alicia Xu
Useful structures in Translation
1. adj.+n.
2. in + abstract noun
3. one stem, and two branches
• 除了主动脉反流，如果还存在有一定程度 的主动脉狭窄，通常会出现（左心室）中 度扩张。 • If considerable aortic stenosis exists along with regurgitation, moderate enlargement is the rule.
moderate
5. “a set of adjectives + the same
noun” to differentiate various degrees.
A …number of • a small (limited) number of • 少数 • 有一些 • 很多 • 极多 • a certain number of • a large number of • an enormous (vast) number of
• 我们的研究显示20例这类儿童中有8例神经 系统预后不良。 • Our study reported that 8 of 20 such children had poor neurological outcomes.
• 口臭可由口腔卫生不好和脓溢或者由 扁桃体、腺样组织以及鼻腔黏膜的慢 性感染而引起。 • An odorous breath may result from improper oral hygiene and pyorrhea or from chronic infection of the tonsils, adenoid or nasal mucosa.
例 3 ：无论是酸性、碱性还是中性，多数 药物主要是从小肠吸收的。
Most drugs, whether acidic, basic, or neutral in character, are absorbed mainly from the small intestine.
例 4 ：人眼的结构和功用很像一个照相机。
• 血气恶化可能表示心血管功能下降， 而不是肺疾病的恶化。 • Deteriorating blood gases may indicate decreasing cardiovascular function rather than a progression of the pulmonary disease.