外研版选择性必修四 Unit 5 Using language-英语课件

连接作用 + 充当n.成分
what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever....
Do you know why you’re learning English?
连接作用+ 充当状语 when, where, why, how
从句成分： 1）不缺任何成分—— 连接词 2）缺主宾表—— 连接代词 3）缺状语意义——连接副词
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket
_h_a_d__b_e_e_n_(be) thrown over it. (2)because，why引导的表语从句 ①This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)，意为“这/那就是……的原因” ②This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)，意为“这/那是因为……” ③The reason why...is that＋表语从句，意为“……的原因是……” (安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue.This is _b_e_c_a_u_s_e__ about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water. He didn’t work hard.That’s _w__h_y__ he was fired.
hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised. 3. 由连接副词引导 • Could you tell me _w__h_y you were late for the meeting this morning?
whether和if的用法 (1) 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether，不用if。 It’s doubtful _w__h_e_th__er_there will be any seats left. (2) whether和if引导宾语从句大多数情况下可以互换，但以下情况宜用 whether： ①后面直接跟or not时 It remains to be seen _w__h_e_th__er__ or not this idea can be put into practice. ②用于介词后引导宾语从句 It depends on _w__h_e_th_e_r_ he will help us. ③ 动词doubt后接宾语从句，肯定句用whether或if，否定句常用that I never doubted __t_h_a_t___she would come. The doctor really doubts _w__h_e_th_e_r_/_if_ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
see to it that 一定注意到...; 务必...
三、表语从句 在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。1、连接词引导
• The question is _w_h_e_t_h_e_rit is worth doing. • The reason why he came late was __t_h_a_t_ he got up late. 2、连接代词引导 • The problem is __w_h_o__ will take charge of this shop. • This is ___w_h_a_t___ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties
Why
用it作形式主语的主语从句 ①It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 ②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 ③It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 ④It＋不及物动词(seem, occur, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句 (湖北卷)It occurred to him __th__a_t _ he had an important conference to attend
一、主语从句 在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。1、连接词引导
u_T__h_a_t he is still alive is a wonder. uIt suddenly occurred to him _t_h_a_t he had left his key in the office. uThe earth became so violent that it was not clearw_h_e_t_hetrhe shape would last or not. 2、连接代词引导u ____ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.u ____ it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago whenWthehodust settled into a solid globe.3、连接副词引导u ____the dinoWsauhrastdisappeared suddenly still remains a puzzle.
It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English.
二、宾语从句 在句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。
1. 由连接词引导 • I think _t_h_a_t_ women can reach very high achievements in many fields of
四、同位语从句 同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。可用于同位
语从句的名词有fact、idea、news、word（消息）、information、truth、 doubt、wish、hope、promise、message、advice、suggestion、request、 demand、order、problem、question、evidence、proof、sign等。例如：1. 由连接词引导
it作形式宾语的宾语从句 ①动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式 /that从句 ②动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋that从句 ③短语动词see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋that从句 ④固定搭配take it for granted/owe it to sb.＋that从句
little white boys and girls.
III. Subordinating conjunctions 连接词
分类 连接词 连接代词 连接副词
在从句中的作用
常见词
That I miss you is obvious.
连接作用，不充当成分
that, whether, if
I don’t know what you’re talking about.
whether
• Do you have any idea _________he is comthiangt or not? • Scientists have obtained more evidence _______ plastic is finding its way
into the human body.
名词性从句
Noun clauses 名词性从句
I. Definition 定义 A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun. 在句中起名词作用的从句
II. Types 分类 主语从句 宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
① What’s past is prologue. ② Tomorrow or an accident-- you never know which will come first. ③ That it will never come again is what makes life so sweet. ④ I have a dream that one day little black boys and girls will be holding hands with
the next morning. (天津卷)It is obvious to the students __t_h_a_t__they should get well prepared for
their future. 在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从 句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
I shall see to it ___th__a_t __ he is taken good care of when you are absent. I think it necessary ___th_a_t___we take plenty of boiled water every day.
science. • He told me (that) he had two sons and _t_h_a_t_they both had gone to college. 2. 由连接代词引导 • We don’t know w__h_o_ will take his place. • Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on _w_h_a_t_ could be
that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略： ①that从句作介词的宾语时； He is a good student except that he is a little careless. ②动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从 第二个从句开始that不可省略； He said (that) he would attend the party and that he would announce a piece of inspiring news. ③that引导的从句位于句首时。 That different countries have different cultures is natural.
and hope for the best. 3、连接副词引导 • Without his support, we wouldn’t be ___w_h_e_r_e__ we are now.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
其他连接词引导的表语从句 (1)as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，其引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(be动 词， seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是 非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况， 从句用陈述语气。
2. 由连接代词引导what
• I have no idea ______ he’s talking about.
3. 由连接副词引导
where
• We haven’t yet settled the question ______ we are going to spend the
holiday.