Processability and automaticity
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PROCESSABILITY AND AUTOMATICITY
2022.10.18
CONTENT
Processability Theory • Introduction Automaticity Theory • Key constructs • Conclusion • References
INTRODUCTION OF PT
• Processability Theory claims that the mechanisms of the human mind impose constraints on how learners develop the ability to process such linguistic information.
• Processability theory is a theory and a model of second language acquisition( main focus) developed by Manfred Pienemann that touches the linguistic structures that surface in the learning of a second language.
KEY CONSTRUCTS
1. Processing hierarchy theory: the key of processability theory • A kind of language information processing program rated by grade. • The basis is transfer of grammatical information between sentences or phrases. • Eg. She gives him a book.( the grammatical information of the singular third person isR源自PRESENTATIVES OF AT
• LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J.(1974) • First modern theoretical conception of reading fluency • Surface level processing of words should be automatic, requiring minimal cognitive resources • Samuels, S.J. (1979) • Automaticity is in many everyday activities • Practice is the key to success • Use of repeated readings to increase accuracy, speed and expression • Keith E. Stanovich (1980) • Difference between good and poor readers was the way they processed information
REFERENCES
• 皮尔曼, 赵焕改. 语言习得的认知视角:可加工性理论及深化 [J]. 国际汉语学报， 2018,9(01): 142-158.
• 张海云. 可加工性理论与二语习得 [J]. 教育化信息论坛, 2017, (09): 49-51. • LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J. . Toward a Theory of Automatic Information Processing in
presented) also called feature unification • This transferring process needs time to develop.
• Procedures: 1. No program (vocabulary generation, such as yes)
LOW
• 2. Category procedure (past morpheme addition)
• 3. Noun phrase program (plural form matching)
• 4. Verb Phrase Program (adverbs moved to the front)
KEY CONSTRUCTS
• Humans can focus attention on only one thing at a time. • Humans can do more than one thing at a time if:
a. they fluctuate their attention from one activity to another. This is often very energy draining. b. one of the activities is so automatic that it doesn’t require attention.
• Logic prerequisite of PT: At any stage of language development, learners can only understand and produce the second language forms that can be processed by the language processor at that stage. First language transfer and second language development are both restricted by processing levels.
THANKS！
• When you only acquire the knowledge of 1, you cannot produce the sentence like 4.
INTRODUCTION OF AT
• Automaticity is the ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit. It is usually the result of learning, repetition, and practice. (literal meaning)
• Many a property are mentioned in the literature on automaticity, but ‘fast’, ‘effortless’, ‘unconscious’ and ‘capacity-free’ are most frequently noted.
Reading. Cognitive Psychology, 1974, 6, 293-323. • 李斌. Automaticity Theory and Its Implications for ELT in China[J]. Overseas English,
2012,(13):136-138.
CONCLUSION
• Processability theory: • Get new information
Repetition or practice
Brain Process them Comprehend them
Hierarchy of processing
Automaticity more cognitive resources can be contributed to comprehension
• Two requirements of fluent reading - automatic word recognition and constructing meaning. • The more energy spent with decoding, the less remaining for comprehending.
II. Hypothesis space: The structure that can be processed at each specific stage is limited by the processing resources available at that stage. (there is an invisible space) • Eg.
• 5. Sentence procedure (subject verb agreement)
• 6. Clause procedure (using subjunctive mood in clauses)
HIGH
• The lower level procedure is the prerequisite for mastering the higher level procedure.
2022.10.18
CONTENT
Processability Theory • Introduction Automaticity Theory • Key constructs • Conclusion • References
INTRODUCTION OF PT
• Processability Theory claims that the mechanisms of the human mind impose constraints on how learners develop the ability to process such linguistic information.
• Processability theory is a theory and a model of second language acquisition( main focus) developed by Manfred Pienemann that touches the linguistic structures that surface in the learning of a second language.
KEY CONSTRUCTS
1. Processing hierarchy theory: the key of processability theory • A kind of language information processing program rated by grade. • The basis is transfer of grammatical information between sentences or phrases. • Eg. She gives him a book.( the grammatical information of the singular third person isR源自PRESENTATIVES OF AT
• LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J.(1974) • First modern theoretical conception of reading fluency • Surface level processing of words should be automatic, requiring minimal cognitive resources • Samuels, S.J. (1979) • Automaticity is in many everyday activities • Practice is the key to success • Use of repeated readings to increase accuracy, speed and expression • Keith E. Stanovich (1980) • Difference between good and poor readers was the way they processed information
REFERENCES
• 皮尔曼, 赵焕改. 语言习得的认知视角:可加工性理论及深化 [J]. 国际汉语学报， 2018,9(01): 142-158.
• 张海云. 可加工性理论与二语习得 [J]. 教育化信息论坛, 2017, (09): 49-51. • LaBerge, D., & Samuels, S. J. . Toward a Theory of Automatic Information Processing in
presented) also called feature unification • This transferring process needs time to develop.
• Procedures: 1. No program (vocabulary generation, such as yes)
LOW
• 2. Category procedure (past morpheme addition)
• 3. Noun phrase program (plural form matching)
• 4. Verb Phrase Program (adverbs moved to the front)
KEY CONSTRUCTS
• Humans can focus attention on only one thing at a time. • Humans can do more than one thing at a time if:
a. they fluctuate their attention from one activity to another. This is often very energy draining. b. one of the activities is so automatic that it doesn’t require attention.
• Logic prerequisite of PT: At any stage of language development, learners can only understand and produce the second language forms that can be processed by the language processor at that stage. First language transfer and second language development are both restricted by processing levels.
THANKS！
• When you only acquire the knowledge of 1, you cannot produce the sentence like 4.
INTRODUCTION OF AT
• Automaticity is the ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit. It is usually the result of learning, repetition, and practice. (literal meaning)
• Many a property are mentioned in the literature on automaticity, but ‘fast’, ‘effortless’, ‘unconscious’ and ‘capacity-free’ are most frequently noted.
Reading. Cognitive Psychology, 1974, 6, 293-323. • 李斌. Automaticity Theory and Its Implications for ELT in China[J]. Overseas English,
2012,(13):136-138.
CONCLUSION
• Processability theory: • Get new information
Repetition or practice
Brain Process them Comprehend them
Hierarchy of processing
Automaticity more cognitive resources can be contributed to comprehension
• Two requirements of fluent reading - automatic word recognition and constructing meaning. • The more energy spent with decoding, the less remaining for comprehending.
II. Hypothesis space: The structure that can be processed at each specific stage is limited by the processing resources available at that stage. (there is an invisible space) • Eg.
• 5. Sentence procedure (subject verb agreement)
• 6. Clause procedure (using subjunctive mood in clauses)
HIGH
• The lower level procedure is the prerequisite for mastering the higher level procedure.