全新版第四册Text A 课文翻译
全新版大学英语第四册翻译答案
The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. The devision commander instructed our battlalion to get around to the rear of the enemy at night and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. Lucky enough, thanks to the severely cold weather witch made the marchland freeze over, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.攻势已经持续了三天，但我们并没有得到太多的进展。
该部指挥官命令我们营晚上绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。
这样做，然而，我们不得不穿过沼泽地和我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。
我们营的指挥官决定参加一场赌博。
很幸运，感谢严寒的天气使得沼泽地都结上了冰，我们于天亮前到达目的地并从敌人后方发起进攻。
这场战役的高潮。
敌人措手不及，很快就投降了。
Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have bought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, today the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.汽车自从发明以来使交通运输发生了革命性的变化，永远改变了人们的生活，旅行，和办事方式。
全新版进阶英语第四册 课文翻译及语言点U3 How to Get a Job at Google
全新版大学进阶英语综合教程第4册Unit 3 Job HuntingText A How to Get a Job at Google目录课文：How to Get a Job at Google (1)课文翻译：怎样在谷歌谋得一份工作 (4)语言点（Language Focus） (6)How to Get a Job at GoogleBy Thomas L. Friedman1 Last June, in an interview with Adam Bryant of The Times, Laszlo Bock, the senior vice president of people operations for Google — i.e., the guy in charge of hiring for one of the world’s most successful companies — noted that Google had determined that “GPA’s are worthless as a criteria for hiring, and test scores are worthless. ... We found that they don’t predict anything.” He also noted that the “proportion of people without any college education at Google has increased over time” — now as high as 14 percent on some teams. At a time when many people are asking, “How’s my kid gonna get a job?” I thought it would be useful to visit Google and hear how Bock would answer.2 Don’t get him wrong, Bock begins, “Good grades certainly don’t hurt.” Many jobs at Google require math, computing and coding skills, so if your good grades truly reflect skills in those areas that you can apply, it would be an advantage. But Google has its eyes on much more.3 “There are five hiring attributes we have across the company,” explained Bock. “If it’s a technical role, we assess your coding ability, and half the roles in the company are technical roles.For every job, though, the No. 1 thing we look for is general cognitive ability, and it’s not I.Q. It’s learning ability. It’s the ability to process on the fly. It’s the ability to pull together disparate bits of information. We assess that using structured behavioral interviews that we validate to make sure they’re predictive.”4 The second, he added, “is leadership — in particular emergent leadership as opposed to traditional leadership. Traditional leadership is, were you president of the chess club? Were you vice president of sales? How quickly did you get there? We don’t care. What we care about is, when faced with a problem and you’re a member of a team, do you, at the appropriate time, step in and lead. And just as critically, do you step back and stop leading, do you let someone else? Because what’s critical to be an effective leader in this environment is you have to be willing to relinquish power.”5 What else? Humility and ownership. “It’s feeling the sense of responsibility, the sense of ownership, to step in,” he said, to try to solve any problem — and the humility to step back and embrace the better ideas of others. “Your end goal,” explained Bock, “is what can we do together to problem-solve. I’ve contributed my piece, and then I step back.”6 And it is not just humility in creating space for others to contribute, says Bock, it’s “intellectual humility. Without humility, you are unable to learn.” It is why research shows that many graduates from hotshot business schools plateau. “Successful bright people rarely experience failure, and so they don’t learn how to learn from that failure,” said Bock.7 “They, instead, commit the fundamental attribution error, which is if something good happens, it’s because I’m a genius. If something bad happens, it’s because someone’s an idiot or I didn’t get the resources or the market moved. ... What we’ve seen is that the people who are the most successful here, who we want to hire, will have a fierce position. They’ll argue like hell. They’ll be zealots about their point of view. But then you say, ‘Here’s a new fact,’ and they’ll go, ‘Oh, well, that changes things; you’re right.’” You need a big ego and small ego in the same person at the same time.8 The least important attribute they look for is “expertise.” Said Bock: “If you take somebody who has high cognitive ability, is innately curious, willing to learn and has emergent leadership skills, and you hire them as an HR person or finance person, and they have no content knowledge, and you compare them with someone who’s been doing just one thing and is a world expert, the expert will say, ‘I’ve seen this 100 times before; here’s what you do.’” Most of the time the nonexpert will come up with the same answer, added Bock, “because most of the time it’s not that hard.” Sure, once in a while they will mess it up, he said, but once in a while they’ll also come up with an answer that is totally new. And there is huge value in that.9 To sum up Bock’s approach to hiring: Talent can come in so many different forms and be built in so many nontraditional ways today, hiring officers have to be alive to every one — besides brand-name colleges. Because “when you look at people who don’t go to school and make their way in the world, those are exceptional human beings. And we should do everything we can to find those people.” Too many colleges, he added, “don’t deliver on what they promise. You generate a ton of debt, you don’t learn the most useful things for your life. It’s [just] an extended adolescence.”10 Google attracts so much talent it can afford to look beyond traditional metrics, like GPA. For most young people, though, going to college and doing well is still the best way to master the tools needed for many careers. But Bock is saying something important to them, too: Beware. Your degree is not a proxy for your ability to do any job. The world only cares about — and pays off on — what you can do with what you know (and it doesn’t care how you learned it). And in an age when innovation is increasingly a group endeavor, it also cares about a lot of soft skills — leadership, humility, collaboration, adaptability and loving to learn and re-learn. This will be true no matter where you go to work.怎样在谷歌谋得一份工作托马斯·L·弗里德曼1 去年6月，在接受《纽约时报》的亚当·布赖恩特采访时，谷歌公司的人力运营高级副总裁拉兹洛·博克——也就是负责为当今世界数一数二的成功企业招聘员工的那个人——曾提到，谷歌已经明确了一点，“平均成绩绩点作为一个招聘依据是毫无价值的，考试分数是毫无价值的。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文参考译文
课文A参考译文Unit 1冰雪卫士——奈拉？B?史密斯人们常说骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒来说吧，他们取得的一个又一个的胜利让他们相信自己战无不胜，没有什么可以阻挡他们，但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士会证明他们是错的。
1 1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑?波拿巴率领大军进入俄罗斯。
他为面对俄罗斯人民保卫家园而要进行的坚决抵抗做好了准备。
他想到了要经过长途跋涉才能到达俄罗斯的首都莫斯科，为此也做好了准备。
但他没有为在莫斯科会遭遇到的劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷刺骨的寒冬——做好准备。
2 1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫?希特勒对当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯发起了进攻。
希特勒的军事力量无可匹敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望在最短的时间内结束战斗，但是，就像他的前人拿破仑一样，他得到了惨痛的教训。
俄罗斯的冬天又一次帮助了苏维埃士兵。
拿破仑发起的战役3 1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境集结60万大军。
这些士兵都训练有素，有很强的作战能力，而且都有精良的装备。
这支军队被称为“大军”。
拿破仑对迅速胜利充满信心，预言要用5个星期攻下俄国。
4 不久，拿破仑的大军经过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑所期盼的迅速、决定性的胜利并没有出现。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并没有反抗。
相反，他们一路向东撤退，沿途焚毁庄稼和房屋。
“大军”紧追不舍，但它的前进很快由于后勤补给缓慢而停顿下来。
5 到了8月，法军和俄军在斯摩棱斯克开火，在这次战役中，双方各有上万人死在战场上。
可是，俄国军队又能继续向自己领土的纵深撤退。
拿破仑并没有取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个生死攸关的抉择：是继续追击俄军，还是为了度过即将来临的冬天而把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克呢？6 拿破仑决定冒险向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在鲍罗季诺展开激烈的战斗，此地在莫斯科以西112公里外。
夜幕降临时，法军和俄军分别有3万和4.4万名士兵的死伤。
7 俄国军队再次撤退到安全的地方。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1: Cultural DifferencesText A: Understanding Cultural DifferencesPart ICulture Shock and Its EffectsCulture shock refers to the feeling of disorientation and confusion that individuals experience when living in a new cultural environment. It occurs when people are suddenly confronted with unfamiliar customs, traditions, languages, and behaviors that differ from those of their own culture.The effects of culture shock vary from person to person. Some individuals may feel anxious, lonely, or even depressed. Others may become frustrated or irritated by the differences they encounter. These symptoms can have a significant impact on individuals' mental and emotional well-being, making it crucial to develop strategies to cope with culture shock effectively.Part IIAdapting to a New CultureAdapting to a new culture requires an open mind and a willingness to learn and embrace new customs and traditions. It is essential to approach cultural differences with respect and curiosity, avoiding making hasty judgments or stereotypes.Language is often a significant barrier when adapting to a new culture. Learning the local language can greatly enhance communication andunderstanding, enabling individuals to connect with the local community and build meaningful relationships.Part IIIThe Importance of Cultural SensitivityDeveloping cultural sensitivity is vital in today's interconnected world. It involves being aware of and respectful towards cultural differences and understanding that there is no absolute right or wrong. By adopting a culturally sensitive mindset, individuals can navigate cross-cultural interactions more successfully and avoid misunderstandings or conflicts.Cultural sensitivity also plays a crucial role in global business and diplomatic relations. Being knowledgeable about cultural norms and practices can help individuals build trust and establish long-lasting partnerships.Part IVTips for Overcoming Culture Shock1. Seek support: Reach out to friends, family, or support groups who have experience living in the same or a similar culture. They can offer guidance and advice on how to cope with culture shock.2. Embrace new experiences: Rather than shying away from new customs and traditions, actively participate and embrace them. This can help foster a sense of belonging and facilitate cultural integration.3. Be patient: Adapting to a new culture takes time and effort. Be patient with yourself and others, and remember that adjusting to a new environment is a gradual process.Text B: Cultural Differences in EducationPart IThe Role of Education in Different CulturesEducation plays a central role in shaping individuals and societies. However, the goals and methods of education vary significantly across cultures. In some cultures, rote memorization and obedience to authority are emphasized, while others focus on critical thinking and creativity.Part IIViews on Teaching and LearningDifferent cultures hold diverse perspectives on teaching and learning. In some cultures, the teacher is viewed as the sole authority figure and imparts knowledge to passive students. In contrast, other cultures emphasize student participation and encourage critical thinking and independent learning.Part IIIClassroom DynamicsCultural differences also manifest in classroom dynamics. In some cultures, students are encouraged to speak up, ask questions, and engage in lively discussions. In contrast, other cultures value silence and respect for authority, where students listen attentively to the teacher without interrupting or challenging their views.Part IVEducation and Social MobilityThe role of education in social mobility varies across cultures. In some societies, education is seen as the primary means to improve one's social status and economic opportunities. In contrast, in more collectivist cultures, the emphasis may be on maintaining societal harmony rather than individual achievement.Text A Translation: 《理解文化差异》第一部分文化冲击及其影响文化冲击指的是个体在新的文化环境中所体验到的迷失和困惑感。
《全新版教材翻译训练》第四册
《全新版教材翻译训练》第四册1.In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russia people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow---the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.Key:1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌------俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
2.The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrow’s “smart cars” will be sensors. “We’ll see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act,” predicts Bill Spreitzer, technica l director of General Motors Corporation’s ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future.Key:汽车及其行驶的道路，将在21世纪发生重大变革。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译》Unit 1: EducationText A: Is College the Best Option?大学是否是最佳选择？Part I: Text A in EnglishText A: Is College the Best Option?Nowadays, the decision to attend college or not is a topic of much debate. With the rising cost of tuition and the uncertainty of job prospects after graduation, many people are questioning whether college is truly the best option.On one hand, a college education has obvious benefits. It provides individuals with the opportunity to gain knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, and broaden their horizons. College also offers networking opportunities and the chance to meet people from diverse backgrounds, which can be valuable in the professional world. Additionally, many employers still consider a college degree as a minimum requirement for job applicants.On the other hand, the cost of college has skyrocketed in recent years. Tuition fees, accommodation expenses, and textbooks can easily accumulate into a significant financial burden. Moreover, there is no guarantee that a college degree will lead to a well-paying job. In today's competitive jobmarket, having a degree no longer guarantees a successful career. Many college graduates find themselves underemployed or in jobs that don't align with their educational background.Furthermore, alternative pathways such as vocational schools, apprenticeships, or entrepreneurship have proven to be successful for many individuals. These options often provide practical, hands-on training and immediate job placement. For those who have a clear career goal and are willing to put in the effort, skipping college and pursuing alternative paths can lead to quicker entry into the workforce and potential financial success.In conclusion, the decision to attend college or pursue alternative paths depends on individual circumstances and goals. While a college education offers numerous benefits, it is necessary to carefully consider the financial costs and job prospects in today's economy. Ultimately, success in any field requires a combination of education, skills, and determination, regardless of whether one obtains a college degree or not.Part II: Text A in Chinese (课文A：大学是否是最佳选择？)如今，是否上大学成为了一个备受争议的话题。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 A Lost World - Atlantis?Text AThe Story of AtlantisAmong the many mysteries of ancient Greece, Atlantis stands out as one of the most enduring and intriguing. The myth of Atlantis has captured the imagination of generations, with numerous theories and speculations attempting to uncover the truth behind this legendary lost city.According to the Greek philosopher Plato, Atlantis was a powerful and advanced civilization that existed around 9,000 years before his time. It was located beyond the "Pillars of Hercules" and was said to be larger than Asia and Libya combined. The Atlanteans, as described by Plato, were a technologically advanced society with impressive architecture, hydraulic engineering, and prosperous trade. However, due to their pride and corruption, the gods decided to punish them and submerged Atlantis into the sea in a single day and night of catastrophic earthquakes and floods.Although there is no concrete evidence to support the existence of Atlantis, many theories have been put forward over the years. Some believe that Atlantis was a real place, possibly a highly advanced civilization such as the Minoan culture of Crete or the ancient city of Tartessos in modern-day Spain. Others suggest that Atlantis is purely a myth or an allegory created by Plato to convey philosophical or political ideas.Regardless of its reality, the story of Atlantis continues to captivate and inspire people. It has become a symbol of a lost paradise, a cautionary tale warning against human hubris, and a reminder of the fleeting nature of power and civilization.译文：第一课海底世界-亚特兰蒂斯亚特兰蒂斯的故事在古希腊的众多谜团中，亚特兰蒂斯是最耐人寻味和引人入胜的之一。
Unit 4-Text A课文参考译文
▇课文参考译文医生的儿子（哈罗德·埃普利、罗谢尔·梅兰德合写）1 我还是个婴儿的时候,我的父母亲搬到了佛蒙特州。
我那温文而雅的父亲在一个名叫伊诺斯堡的小镇上毫不张扬地开业行医了。
很快，当地人就把他当成了自己人。
在佛蒙特州的小镇上，消息传播得很快。
人们分得清谁是好人。
邻居们都称我的父亲为“埃普利医生”。
我很快意识到，只要我住在伊诺斯堡，我就永远是“埃普利医生的儿子”。
2入学的第一天，同学们就簇拥着我，因为我是医生的儿子。
“要是你多少有点像你父亲的话，你就会是个聪明的孩子。
”我的一年级老师这么说。
我不禁喜形于色。
3可是在我十几岁的时候，事情起了变化。
我都十六岁了，邻居们还是称呼我“埃普利医生的儿子”。
他们说我长大了一定会是一个可敬又勤劳的年轻人，会像我父亲那样过着体面的生活。
每当我听到这些赞美之词，我都会嗤之以鼻。
4我不知道自己怎样才能融入我那些少年朋友的圈子。
我讨厌父亲的好名声像影子一样跟着我。
所以当陌生人问起我是不是埃普利医生的儿子时，我会断然答道：“我叫哈罗德。
我自己能管好自己的事。
”出于反叛，我开始对父亲直呼其名，不叫他“爸爸”，而叫他“萨姆”。
5“你最近为什么这么犟？”有次争吵时，我父亲这样问我。
6“哼，萨姆。
我想你生气了吧！”我答道。
7“你知道的，你叫我萨姆让我很伤心。
”我父亲大声地说。
8“哦，那人人都指望我像你一样，也很让我伤心呢。
我不要完美，我只想做我自己。
”9我好不容易挨过高中，总算满了十八岁。
第二年秋天我上了大学。
我选中了一所远离伊诺斯堡的学校，这个地方再没人管我叫“埃普利医生的儿子”。
10在大学里，有天晚上我和一帮学生在宿舍聊起我们的生活经历。
我们开始谈起童年时期最讨厌的事情。
“想都不用想，”我说，“我受不了生活的小镇上每个人总是拿我和我父亲比。
”11坐在我身边的女孩皱起眉头说：“这我就不理解了。
要是有这么个令人尊敬的父亲我一定会很骄傲的。
”她的眼里噙着泪继续说，“要是有人把我叫做我父亲的孩子，我愿为此付出一切！但我不知道他在哪里。
全新版第四册Text A 课文翻译
Chinese Translations of Texts A (Units 1-8)第一单元与自然力量抗争人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
拿破仑发起的战役1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。
这支军队被称为大军。
拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
不久，拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。
相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。
大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。
可是，俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。
是继续追击俄国，军队，还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那儿度过将到的冬天?拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。
夜幕降临时，3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。
俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。
拿破仑顺利进入莫斯科，然而，对该市的占领成为毫无意义的胜利。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 Text A: Fighting with the Forces of NatureAmong the forces of nature, wind and water are perhaps the two that have most effect on the land Wind and water, working together, are constantly changing the shape of the land Sometimes the wind blows very hard for a long time This is called a windstorm When a windstorm hits an area, it can cause a lot of damage It can blow away soil and destroy crops It can even destroy buildings and kill peopleWater also plays an important role in changing the land Rivers carry soil and sand from one place to another When the river slows down, the soil and sand are deposited Over time, this can form new land Sometimes a river can change its course This can cause problems for people who live near the riverPeople have always tried to control the forces of nature They have built dams to hold back water and prevent floods They have also planted trees to stop the wind from blowing away the soil But sometimes our efforts to control nature can have unexpected resultsFor example, when a dam is built, it may stop the flow of a river This can cause problems for fish and other animals that live in the river It can also change the climate of the area Sometimes our attempts to control nature can cause more harm than goodTranslation:在自然力量中，风和水也许是对陆地影响最大的两种力量。
大学_全新版大学英语综合教程第四册课后习题答案及课文翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程第四册课后习题答案及课文翻译全新版大学英语综合教程课后答案完整版免费下载Appendix IKey to Exercises (Units 1-8)Unit 1Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:The song you are about to hear is based on a true story. It tells the tale of the sinking of a ship called The Edmund Fitzgerald that was caught in a storm on Lake Superior back in November 1975, with the loss of all on board.Lake Superior is an enormous lake and the wind can at times make it dangerous to shipping, whipping up huge waves. November is a particularly dangerous month for such storms. This had long ago been noticed by a local native American tribe, the Chippewa, who used to speak of how death threatened from the lake when storm clouds gathered in November. According to legend, the big lake, which they called Gitche Gumee, was without mercy in that month, never giving up those it had marked for death.It is this legend that starts the song before it moves on to talk of The Edmund Fitzgerald. The Edmund Fitzgerald, like many other ships that sail the lake, was built to carry iron ore. Filled with ore theseships lie low in the water and can find themselves in difficulties in rough weather. So, with a full load on board we can imagine the anxiety that must have begun to creep into the hearts of the sailors on board The Edmund Fitzgerald as they felt the cold wind beginning to rise and heard the sound of it singing as it blew through the wires. For, despite the fact that the captain and crew were all experienced, "well-seasoned" as the song says, they all knew the dangers of November storms. Before long their worse fears started to come true and the storm had risen to a hurricane. The despair of the crew is captured in the words of the cook. First he comes on deck to tell the sailors it is too rough to cook, they will have to wait for their supper. The next we hear from him he is saying - $6 - Appendix Igoodbye to his shipmates. Water is pouring into the ship. The captain sends out a distress signal, but that is the last that is heard from the ship. It is swallowed up by the lake, leaving nothing behind but the mourning families of the twenty-nine sailors and the sound of the church bell ringing in their memory.Now lets listen to the song:The Wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldGordon LightfootThe legend lives on from the Chippewa on downOr the big lake they call Gitche GumeeTke lake, it is said, rfever gives up her deadWhen the skies or November turn gloomyWitk a load of iron ore twenty-six thousand tons moreThan the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed emptyThat good ship and true was a hone to be chewedWhen the gales of November came earlyTke skip was tke pride of tke American side Coming back from some mill in Wisconsin As tke kig freigkters go, it was kigger tkan most Witk a crew and good captain well seasoned Concluding some terms witk a couple of steel firms Wken tkey left fully loaded for Cleveland And later tkat nigkt wken tke skips kell rang Could it ke tke nortk wind tkeyd been feeling Tke wind in tke wires made a tattle-tale soundAnd a wave broke over tke railingAnd every man knew, as tke captain did tooTwas tke witck of Novemker come stealingTke dawn came late and the breakfast had to waitWken the Gales of November came slashingWhen afternoon came it was freezing rainIn the face of a hurricane west windAppendix 1 - 6? -When suppertime came, the old cook came on deck sayingFellas1, its too rough to reed ya2At seven PM a main hatchway caved in, he saidFellas, its heen good to know yaThe captain wired in he had water coming inAnd the good ship and crew was in perilAnd later that night when his lights went out of sightCame the wreck of the Edmund FitzgeraldDoes any one know where the love of God goes When the waves turn the minutes to hours The searchers all say theyd have made Whitefish Bay If theyd put fifteen more miles hehind her They might have split up or they might have capsized They may have broke deep and took water And all that remains is the faces and the names Of the wives and the sons and the daughters JLake Huron rolls, Superior singsIn the rooms of her icewater mansionOld Michigan steams like a young mans dreamsThe islands and hays are for sportsmenAnd farther helow Lake OntarioTakes in what Lake Erie can send herAnd the iron boats go as the mariners all knowWith the Gales of November rememberedIn a musty old hall in Detroit they prayed In the Maritime Sailors Cathedral The church hell chimed til it rang twenty-nine times For each man on the Edmund Fitzgerald■■.??. !1 fella: (slang) fellow2 ya: (slang) you- 66 - Appendix 1Trie legend lives on irom the Chippewa on down Or the nig lake they call Gitche Gumee Superior, they said, never gives up her dead When the gales or November come earlyPart II Text Alexf Organization": ■■■■■■ -Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleons military campaign against Russia Part Three Paras 12-20 Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitlers blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalins scorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles fought at Leningrad, Moscow and StalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance3) stroke5) minus7) declarations2) heroic 4) limp6) regions 8) siege全新版大学英语综合教程课后答下载文件预览：//sundxs/pic/original/soft/答案/公共基础课/大学英语/全新版大学英语第一册综合教程练习答案及课文译文.rar//sundxs/pic/original/soft/答案/公共基础课/大学英语/全新版大学英语第二册综合教程练习答案及课文译文.rar//sundxs/pic/original/soft/答案/公共基础课/大学英语/全新版大学英语第三册综合教程练习答案及课文译文.rar//sundxs/pic/original/soft/答案/公共基础课/大学英语/全新版大学英语第四册综合教程练习答案及课文译文.rar。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4第四单元课文A翻译
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4第四单元课文A翻译(Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. Whatimpact does this have on national identities and loyalties Are they strengthened or weakened The author investigates.全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。
这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢它们会得到加强还是削弱作者对这些问题进行了探讨。
In Search of Davos Man Peter Gumbel1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up hisAmerican passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."寻找达沃斯人彼得·甘贝尔威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿，在芝加哥长大，就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程 4 课文原文及翻译》大学英语的学习对于许多学生来说是一项重要且具有挑战性的任务。
《全新版大学英语综合教程 4》作为大学英语课程中的重要教材，其课文涵盖了丰富的主题和多样的文体，对于提升学生的英语语言能力和文化素养具有重要意义。
以下将为您呈现部分课文的原文及翻译，希望能对您的学习有所帮助。
课文一：The Icy Defender原文：In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winterIn 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Germany, launched an attack against the Soviet Union, as Russia then was called Hitler's military might was unequaled His war machine had mowed down resistance in most of Europe Hitler expected a short campaign but, like Napoleon before him, was taught a painful lesson The Russian winter again came to the aid of the Soviet soldiers翻译：1812 年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率领大军入侵俄罗斯。
综合英语第四册Text_A_(Unit_1-8)课文翻译
《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A (Unit 1-8)课文翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A参考译文第一单元与自然力量抗争课文A人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
拿破仑发起的战役1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。
这支军队被称为大军。
拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
不久，拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。
相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。
大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。
可是，俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。
是继续追击俄国，军队，还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那儿度过将到的冬天?拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。
夜幕降临时，3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。
俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。
大学英语第四册Unit5textA译文
狱中学习今天，许多当面或在电视上听我讲话的人，或者那学读到我讲话的人都以为我的学历远远不止八年级，这一印象完全归功于我在监狱中的学习。
这是在查尔斯顿监狱真正开始的，当时宾比第一次让我对他渊博的只是感到羡慕，无论参与什么交谈，宾比总是起着主导作用，而我也曾经试图效仿他。
但是我找到的饿、每本书中，几乎每句句子都有一个以上甚至几乎全部的单词我压根儿不认识。
当我跳过那些词时，我最终当谈不知道书中所云。
所以我来到诺福克监狱时，仍然只有看看书的意愿。
要不是后来获得了动力，我本来很快就会连这些愿望也丢弃的。
我明白我最好是能弄到一本字典--为的是学习，学学一些单词。
幸好我还想到应该努力提高一下自己的书写水平。
我的书写很糟糕，甚至于不能将字卸载一条直线上。
这两个想法促使我要求诺福克监狱学校给我一本字典以及一些便笺簿和铅笔。
头两天我还拿不定主意，只是随便翻了翻字典。
我从来没有意识到会有那么多单词！我不知道哪些词是我需要学习的，最后，为了开始某种行动，我便开始了抄写。
我吧印在第一页上的所有东西甚至标点符号，慢慢地费力地，歪歪斜斜地抄到我的便笺簿里。
我记得那花了我一整天的时间。
然后，我便把写在便笺簿上的每个单词大声的读给自己听。
我一遍又一遍地把自己写的东西大声读给自己听。
第二天早上醒来时我还想着那些词--我无比自豪的意识到，我不仅一下子写了那么多，还写了许多我从来不知道存在于这个世界上的词。
而且，我稍微动一下脑筋还能记得其中许多次的意思。
我复习了哪些被我忘记了意思的单词。
有趣的是，就在此刻，词典第一页的“土豚”一次竟跳入了我的脑海中。
字典上有它的衣服一幅插图，一种长尾、长耳、会挖洞的非洲哺乳动物，以白蚁为食，像食蚁动物捕食蚂蚁那样伸出舌头来捕食白蚁。
我完全被迷住了，于是又继续干下去--我抄写了字典的下一页。
当我学习它时我获得了同样的体验。
随着以后的每一页，我还了解人物、地方和历史事件。
实际上字典就像一部小型百科全书。
最后，字典的A部分超满了整本便笺簿--于是我继续抄写B部分。
Unit 5 TextA 译文--第四册1-8单元 TextA 课文翻译
▇课文参考译文返璞归真琳达·韦尔特纳1 “我们讨论的是简化生活，而不是物质匮乏，”我的朋友萨拉解释说，“绝对不是你不可以做你喜欢的那些事情，而是你在改变，不再喜欢同样的事情罢了。
一些旧的习惯看上去是那样的浪费又不能令人满意，你真的对它们失去了兴趣。
所以你仍然拥有你需要的每一件东西――只不过不需要花那么多的钱罢了。
”2 当我第一次遇见他们时，萨拉和迈克尔夫妇双双从业，拥有自己的住宅和用一大笔贷款购置的一条大船。
随着女儿的出世而他们又想亲自抚养她，他们开始对“自愿简朴”的理念产生了兴趣。
他们俩谁都不愿意把他们视为生活中最重要的部分仅仅局限于上班前的一小段时间和下班后已疲惫不堪的那几个小时。
3 “许多人认为，因为有了孩子而且东西越来越贵，唯一的办法就是更加努力地工作以便挣更多的钱。
其实这并不是唯一的办法，”迈克尔坚持说。
4 这对夫妻的决定是把两份全职工作业换成两份半日工作，并且削减消费。
他们决定只把钱花在有助于实现他们的主要目标的东西上：构建一个把家庭和友谊、工作和娱乐融为一体的生活天地，而且还是一个不浪费地球资源的生活天地。
5 现在他们还在原来的那个近郊社区，住在一幢自己设计的、漂亮而节能的房子里。
按许多标准来看，房子虽然小了点，却容易清扫、布置、维修和供暖。
一层是个大房间，厨房靠墙，摆着一张桦木餐桌和吃饭用的几把椅子；一张舒适的长沙发和一个柴炉就把日常起居的范围圈定了；角落是工作区。
楼上是他们的卧室、一个萨拉和迈克尔共用的办公室和一间浴室。
整幢房子明亮简洁，同周围环境十分和谐。
很快，前门外还要建一个太阳能温室。
6 一对只有兼职工作的夫妻怎么会有钱建造自己的房子、拥有一辆汽车并同另一对夫妻共享一艘小船，而且所有这一切都不曾贷款呢？他们如何能够维持足以提供他们想要的“一切”的那样一种高生活水平呢？他们放弃的而且不再怀念是哪些东西呢？7 首先，他们放弃了乱七八糟的昂贵东西：（浴室）药柜里满满的从来不用的化妆品和在柜台上随时可以买到的药品；堆放在厨房壁柜里的最终只会丢弃的各种东西。
读写课 第四册课文Unit 1 Text A
Unit 1Text A Love and logic: The story of a fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.3 "Radiant" she was already. I could dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her "well-spoken".4 After a banner day out, I drove until we were situated under a big old oak tree on a hill off the expressway. What I had in mind was a little eccentric. I thought the venue with a perfect view of the luminous city would lighten the mood. We stayed in the car, and I turned down the stereo and took my foot off the brake pedal. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked.5 "Logic."6 "Cool," she said over her gum.7 "The doctrine of logic," I said, "is a staple of clear thinking. Failures in logic distort the truth, and some of them are well known. First let's look at the fallacy Dicto Simpliciter."8 "Great," she agreed.9 "Dicto Simpliciter means an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore, everybody should exercise."10 She nodded in agreement.11 I could see she was stumped. "Polly," I explained, "it's too simple a generalization. If you have, say, heart disease or extreme obesity, exercise is bad, not good. Therefore, you must say exercise is good for most people."12 "Next is Hasty Generalization. Self-explanatory, right? Listen carefully:You can't speak French. Rob can't speak French. Looks like nobody at this school can speak French."13 "Really?" said Polly, amazed. "Nobody?"14 "This is also a fallacy," I said. "The generalization is reached too hastily. Too few instances support such a conclusion."15 She seemed to have a good time. I could safely say my plan was underway.I took her home and set a date for another conversation.16 Seated under the oak the next evening I said, "Our first fallacy tonight is called Ad Misericordiam."17 She nodded with delight.18 "Listen closely," I said. "A man applies for a job. When the boss asks him what his qualifications are, he says he has six children to feed."19 "Oh, this is awful, awful," she whispered in a choked voice.20 "Yes, it's awful," I agreed, "but it's no argument. The man never answered the boss's question. Instead he appealed to the boss's sympathy — Ad Misericordiam."21 She blinked, still trying hard to keep back her tears.22 "Next," I said carefully, "we will discuss False Analogy. An example, students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during exams, because surgeons have X-rays to guide them during surgery."23 "I like that idea," she said.24 "Polly," I groaned, "don't derail the discussion. The inference is wrong. Doctors aren't taking a test to see how much they have learned, but students are. The situations are altogether different. You can't make an analogy between them."25 "I still think it's a good idea," said Polly.26 With five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was an analytical thinker at last. The time had come for the conversion of our relationship from academic to romantic.27 "Polly," I said when next we sat under our oak, "tonight we won't discussfallacies."28 "Oh?" she said, a little disappointed.29 Favoring her with a grin, I said, "We have now spent five evenings together. We get along pretty well. We make a pretty good couple."30 "Hasty Generalization," said Polly brightly. "Or as a normal person might say, that's a little premature, don't you think?"31 I laughed with amusement. She'd learned her lessons well, far surpassing my expectations. "Sweetheart," I said, patting her hand in a tolerant manner, "five dates is plenty. After all, you don't have to eat a whole cake to know it's good."32 "False Analogy," said Polly promptly. "Your premise is that dating is like eating. But you're not a cake. You're a boy."33 I laughed with somewhat less amusement, hiding my dread that she'd learned her lessons too well. A few more false steps would be my doom. I decided to change tactics and try flattery instead.34 "Polly, I love you. Please say you'll go out with me. I'm nothing without you."35 "Ad Misericordiam," she said.36 "You certainly can discern a fallacy when you see it," I said, my hopes starting to crumble. "But don't take them so literally. I mean this is all academic. You know the things you learn in school don't have anything to do with real life."37 "Dicto Simpliciter," she said. "Besides, you really should practice what you preach."38 I leaped to my feet, my temper flaring up. "Will you or will you not go out with me?"39 "No to your proposition," she replied.40 "Why?" I demanded.41 "I'm more interested in a different petitioner — Rob and I are back together."42 With great effort, I said calmly, "How could you give me the axe over Rob?Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Rob, a muscular idiot, a guy who'll never know where his next meal is coming from. Can you give me one good reason why you should be with him?"43 "Wow, what presumption! I'll put it in a way someone as brilliant as you can understand," retorted Polly, her voice dripping with sarcasm. "Full disclosure — I like Rob in leather. I told him to say yes to you so he could have your jacket!"。
全新版大学英语综合教程第四册第四单元
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10月19日，赵薇的酒庄在 天猫旗舰店上线
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Over many centuries, human societies across the globe have established progressively closer contacts. Recently, the pace of global integration has dramatically increased. Unprecedented changes in communications, transportation, and computer technology have given the process new impetus and made the world more interdependent than ever.
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[资料]21世纪英语texta的文章翻译以及课后翻译（第四册）
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21世纪英语textA的文章翻译以及课后翻译(第四册)谁是伟大的？迈克尔?赖恩阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦小时候在学校里的成绩很糟糕，老师们都认为他迟钝。
拿破仑?波拿巴年轻时只是法国陆军中几百名炮兵中尉中的一几乎没有受过正规教育的乔治?华盛顿，十几岁时不是受训当兵而是受训做土地测量员。
尽管他们的起步平淡无奇，但是每个人后来都为自己在历史上赢得了一席之地。
是什么使得他们变得伟大呢？是他们生来就具备一些特殊的东西？还是他们的伟大与时机掌握、献身精神和也许是一种坚定的个性更为有关？几十年来，科学家们一直在问这样的问题。
在过去几年里，他们已经发现了证据，这些证据有助于解释为什么有些人出类拔萃，而另外的人——也许同样很有才华——却被甩在了后面。
他们的发现可能对我们所有的人都有启示。
谁是伟大的？伟人的定义取决于如何衡量成功。
但标准还是有一些的。
“对人类文明作出永久性贡献的人是伟大的，”基思?西蒙顿院长说。
他是加州大学戴维斯分校的一名心理学教授，1994年出版的《伟大：谁创造历史，以及为什么》一书的作者。
但他又提醒说：“有时侯伟人并没有被载入史册。
许多女性取得了巨大成就，或者颇具影响力，但却没有得到承认。
”在这本书的写作中，西蒙顿把有关伟大人物的历史知识和遗传学、精神病学及社会科学领域的最新发现融合在了一起。
他所聚焦的伟人包括获得过诺贝尔奖、领导过伟大的国家或赢得过战争、谱写过流芳百世的交响乐或在科学、哲学、政治学或艺术上引起过革命性巨变的男性和女性。
虽然他没有一个公式来解释某些人怎样或为什么出类拔萃（其中涉及的因素太多了），但他却提出了一些共同的特点。
一种“永不屈服”的态度。
西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。
“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。
“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。
有的只是程度上的差异而已。
伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。
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Chinese Translations of Texts A (Units 1-8)第一单元与自然力量抗争人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
1941年，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望速战速决，但是，就像在他之前的拿破仑一样，他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
拿破仑发起的战役1812年春，拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
这些士兵受过良好训练，作战力强，装备精良。
这支军队被称为大军。
拿破仑对马到成功充满自信，预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
不久，拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令他吃惊的是，俄国人并不奋起抵抗。
相反，他们一路东撤，沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。
大军紧追不舍，但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
到了8月，法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战，这一战役中，双方各有上万人阵亡。
可是，俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。
是继续追击俄国，军队，还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克，在那儿度过将到的冬天?拿破仑孤注一掷，决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日，法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。
夜幕降临时，3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡，倒在了战场上。
俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。
拿破仑顺利进入莫斯科，然而，对该市的占领成为毫无意义的胜利。
俄国人弃城而走。
法国人进城不久，一场熊熊大火烧毁了整个城市的三分之二。
拿破仑向亚历山大一世提出停战，但沙皇深知他可以等待时机：“且让俄罗斯的严冬为我们战斗吧。
”拿破仑很快意识到，他无法在冬天向远在莫斯科的军队供应粮草、提供御寒衣物和宿营之地。
1812年10月，他命令大军撤出莫斯科。
法军的撤离成为一场噩梦。
俄国人出没于田野与森林，采用打了就跑的战术，向法国人发起攻击。
刚出莫斯科城，气温就降到摄氏零下4度。
11月3日降下初雪。
困乏的马匹倒地而死。
大炮陷入雪中。
装备只得被用作燃料焚烧。
士兵们染病冻死。
法国士兵拖着脚步行进，一路上留下无数死尸。
正当俄罗斯军队集聚兵力之时，法国人却不得不逃离俄国，以避免注定的失败。
在别列津纳河，俄国人焚烧了涨水的河道上的桥梁，差点将后撤的法军困于河边。
侥幸的是，拿破仑居然突击造起两座桥。
成千上万法国士兵得以逃脱，但却损失了5万人。
渡过别列津纳河，溃不成军的幸存者一瘸一拐地向维尔纽行进。
拿破仑发兵60万进入俄国，只有不到10万士兵返回。
元气大伤的法国军队在欧洲继续西撤。
不久，英国、奥地利、俄国以及普鲁士组成强大的联盟，：攻击这些散兵游勇。
1814年3月，巴黎被攻占。
拿破仑退位去过流放生活，他缔造的帝国随之灭亡。
希特勒的入侵到1941年初，纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒已经控制了欧洲大部分地区。
希特勒的德意志帝国的东部与苏联毗邻。
194'1年6月22日，希特勒不宣而战，入侵苏联，，发动了历史上规模最大的一场陆地战役。
希特勒自信能速战速决，，预计这一战役不会超过3个月。
他计划采用征服了欧洲其余地区的闪电式战略。
入侵计划包含三大目标：向列宁格勒与莫斯科进攻，并横扫乌克兰。
苏联领导人约瑟夫·斯大林被打了个措手不及，-·他指示全国人民在德国入侵者到来之前实行“焦土”政策。
农场和工厂被焚烧毁坏，或被弄得无法运转。
’在入侵的最初10个星期内，德国人一路东进，俄国人伤亡人数多达一百多万。
在北方，德国人包围了列宁格勒。
尽管忍受着极大困苦，列宁格勒的人民绝不投降。
列宁格勒保卫战一直持续到冬季，此时该市的处境变得危急。
由于食品匮乏，人们死于饥饿与疾病。
到了1941年和1942年之间的寒冬，几乎每天有4千人死于饥饿。
列宁格勒之围造成近百万人死亡。
在俄国中部，希特勒的目标是占领莫斯科。
由于德国人指望速战速决，他们没有准备过冬的补给。
10月来临，大雨不停。
“泥泞将军”拖延了德国人闪电式进攻韵行动。
????正当希特勒的军队逼近莫斯科时，寒冷的冬季早早地降临苏联，那是多年不遇的严寒。
气温降到摄氏零下48度。
大雪纷飞。
对俄国的严寒冬季毫无思想准备的德国士兵身着单薄的夏装，一个个被冻伤，德国人的坦克掩埋在深深的雪堆中。
俄罗斯的冬季阻止了德国人的攻势。
到1942夏天，希特勒又发起两场新的攻势。
在南方，德国人占领了塞瓦斯托波尔。
希特勒随后向东推进到斯大林格勒，沿伏尔加河绵延48公里的一座大工业城市。
尽管艰苦卓绝，苏联抵抗者拒绝放弃斯大林格勒。
1942年11月，俄国人发起了一场反攻。
德国军队在斯大林格勒城内外几乎没有挡风避寒的地方，食品和补给的匮乏更使其元气大伤。
直到1943年1月德国人才放弃围城。
进攻斯大林格勒的30万德国人只剩下9万忍饥挨饿的士兵。
斯大林格勒一战的失利最终使希特勒时乖运蹇。
部分地由于俄罗斯的冬季，德国人走向失败了。
在1943年与1944年期间，苏联军队将德军阵线往西逼退。
在北方，1944年1月15日，红军发起突然袭击，解除了列宁格勒长达3年之久的围困。
列宁格勒那些英勇无畏的幸存者看着入侵者在两个星期内全部撤离。
到了1944年3月，乌克兰的农村又回到了苏维埃手中。
1944年5月9日，塞瓦斯托波尔从德国人手中被解放出来。
至此，俄国人向柏林进发。
就希特勒而言，对苏联的入侵成为一场军事灾难。
对俄罗斯人民来说，这场入侵带来了无法形容的苦难。
苏维埃在第二次世界大战中死亡的人数几乎达到2千3百万。
俄罗斯的冰雪卫士任何军事行动都必须考虑到自然的因素。
拿破仑和希特勒都低估了俄罗斯冬季的严酷。
冰雪和极低的气温使两支侵略军付出惨重的代价。
对俄罗斯人民而言，严冬是他们的冰雪卫士。
第二单元智能汽车能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话的智能汽车?还能自动驾驶?这听起来或许像是在做梦，但计算机革命正致力于把这一切变为现实。
智能汽车米基奥·卡库即便是过去70年间基本上没有多少变化的汽车工业，也将感受到计算机革命的影响。
汽车工业是20世纪最赚钱、最有影响力的产业之一。
目前世界上有5亿辆车，或者说每10人就有1辆车。
汽车工业的销售额达一万亿美元左右，从而成为世界上最大的制造业。
汽车及其行驶的道路，将在2l世纪发生重大变革。
未来“智能汽车”的关键在于传感器。
“我们会见到能看、能听、有知觉、具嗅觉、会说话并能采取行动的车辆与道路，”正在设计未来智能汽车和智能道路的通用汽车公司ITS项目的技术主任比尔·斯普雷扎预言道。
美国每年有大约4万人死于交通事故。
在汽车事故中死亡或严重受伤的人数太多，我们已经不屑在报纸上提及。
这些死亡的人中至少有半数是酒后开车者造成的，另有许多死亡事故是驾驶员不小心所导致。
智能汽车能消除绝大多数这类汽车事故。
它能通过会感测空气中的酒精雾气的电子传感器检测开车者是否喝醉酒，并拒绝启动引擎。
这种车还能在遇窃后通报警方，告知车辆的确切地点。
???能监控行车过程以及周围行车状况的智能汽车已经建造出来。
藏在保险杠里的微型雷达能对周围的汽车作扫描。
如果你发生重大行车失误(如变道时有车辆在你“盲点”内)，计算机立即会发出警报。
在麻省理工学院媒介实验室，业已制造出能测知你行车时有多少睡意的样车，这对长途卡车司机意义尤其重要。
一连数小时注视着中夹分道线这样一个单调、几乎能催眠的过程是被严重低估的威胁生命的重大隐患。
为消除这一隐患，藏在仪表板里的一架微型相机可对准开车者的脸部及眼睛。
如果司机的眼帘合上一定时间，行车变得不稳，仪表板里的计算机就会向司机发出警报。
开车最头疼的两大麻烦是迷路和交通堵塞。
虽然计算机革命不可能彻底解决这两个问题，但却会带来积极的影响。
你汽车上与绕轨道运行的卫星发出的无线电信号调谐的传感器能随时精确地确定你汽车的方位，并告知交通阻塞情况。
我们已经有24颗环绕地球运行的导航卫星，组成了人们所说的全球卫星定位系统。
通过这些卫星我们有可能以小于100英尺的误差确定你在地球上的方位。
在任何一个特定时间，总有若干颗全球定位系统的卫星在11，000英里的高空绕地球运行。
每颗卫星都装有4个“原子钟”，它们根据量子理论法则，以精确的频率振动。
卫星从高空经过时发出能被汽车上计算机里的接收器辨认的无线电信号。
汽车上的计算机就会根据信号传来所花的时间计算出卫星有多远。
由于光速为人熟知，接收卫星信号时的任何时间迟缓都能折算出距离的远近。
在日本，具有某种导航能力的汽车已有一百万辆之多。
(有些导航装置通过将方向盘的转动与汽车在地图上的位置并置来测定汽车的方位。
)随着微芯片价格的大幅度下降，未来对全球卫星定位系统的应用几乎是无限的。
“制造这一商品的工业定会飞速发展，”生产导航系统的麦哲伦航仪公司的兰迪·霍夫曼说。
盲人可以在手杖里装配全球卫星定位系统传感器，飞机可以通过遥控着陆，徒步旅行者可以测定自己在林中的方位——其潜在的应用范围是无止境的。
全球卫星定位系统其实只是叫做“远程信息学”的这一更大行动的一部分，这一行动最终将把智能汽车送上智能高速公路。
这种高速公路的样品已经在欧洲问世，加州也在进行试验，在高速公路上安装计算机芯片、传感器和无线电发射机，以便向汽车报告交通拥挤堵塞情况。
在圣迭戈以北10英里的15号州际公路一段8英里长的路面上，交通工程师正在安装一个由麻省理工学院设计的引进“自动司机”的系统。
这一计划要求计算机在公路上埋设的数千个3英寸长的磁钉的协助下，在车辆极多的路段完全控制车辆的运行。
车辆会编成10辆或12辆一组，车距仅6英尺，在计算机的控制下一齐行驶。
这种计算机化的公路的倡导者对其未来的应用充满希望。
到2010年，远程信息技术很可能应用于美国的一条主要公路。
如果成功的话，到2020年，当微芯片的价格降到一片一美分以下时，远程信息技术就会应用在美国成千上万英里的公路上。
这对环保也会很有利，能节省燃油，减轻交通阻塞，减少空气污染，还可用作公路扩建的替代办法。
第三单元求职面试自己经营公司的哈维·麦凯经常对求职者进行面试。
文中他告诉我们关于雇主看重什么样品质的秘密，并提出4点建议，帮助你显得比众人突出。
得到你想要的工作哈维·B·麦凯我经营着一家有350名左右员工的制造公司，我本人常常要对求职者进行面试，决定是否聘用。