建构主义Constructivism及中英译文

建构主义Constructivism及中英译文
建构主义教学观认为,教学过程是教师和学生对世界的意义进行合作性建构的过程,而不是“客观知识”的传递过程。

美国学者威尔逊曾具体归纳了建构主义教学策略,如模拟,策略与角色扮演游戏,多媒体学习环境,有意识的学习环境,以陈述过去为内容的教学结构,个案研究,苏格拉底谈话法,个别指导教学与支架式教学,通过设计教学,通过教授而学,小组学习、合作学习、协作学习，整体性的心理技术。

可以看出,建构主义的教学策略是以学习者为中心的,其目的是最大限度地促进学习者与情境的交互作用,以主动地建构意义。

教师在这个过程中起组织者、引导者、帮助者和促进者的作用。

建构主义者主张教学过程包含7个步骤或环节:一是分析教学目标,对整门课程及各教学单元进行教学目标分析,以确定当前教学的“主题”；二是创设情境，即创设与主题相关的、尽可能真实的情境；三是设计信息资源,即确定本主题教学所需信息资源的种类和每种资源所起的作用；四是设计自主学习方式,即根据所选择的不同教学方法,如支架式教学、抛描式教学、随机进人教学,充分考虑发挥学生的首创精神、知识外化和实现自我反馈,对学生的自主学习作不同的设计；五是设计协作学习环境,如开展小组讨论、协商；六是评价学习效果,主要围绕自主学习能力、协作学习过程中的贡献、是否达到意义建构的要求进行；七是强化练习,以纠正原有的错误理解或片面认识,最终达到符合要求的意义建构。

据此,我们可以把建构主义教学模式概括为:“以学生为中心,在整个教学过程中由教师起组织者、指导者、帮助者和促进者的作用,利用情境、协作、会话等学习环境要素充分发挥学生的主动性、积极性和首创精神,最终达到使学生有效地实现对当前所学知识的意义建构的目的。

”可见,建构主义教学观本质上是对人的主体价值给予充分尊重的教学观,体现了现代教学论的发展方向。

翻译：
Constructivism teaching view, the teaching process is the teachers and students cooperate construction process on the meaning of the world, while the transfer process is not " objective knowledge ". American scholars Wilson had specific concludes constructivist teaching strategies, such as simulation, strategy and cosplay games, multimedia learning environments, conscious learning environment, based on statements past for the content of the teaching structure, case, Socratic conversation method, individual guidance teaching teaching and support, through the design of teaching, learning by teaching, group learning, cooperative learning, collaborative learning, holistic psychology. As can be seen, the constructivist teaching strategy is learner-centered, its purpose is to maximize learning interaction and situation, to actively construct the meaning. Teachers play the organizer, guide, help and facilitator role in this process.
Constructivism advocates the teaching process includes 7 steps or processes: one is the analysis of teaching objectives, teaching target analysis of the whole course and each teaching unit, to determine the current teaching of " theme "; two is the creation of context, namely the creation and related theme, as far as possible to the real situation; three is the design information resources, which determine the types of the subject teaching required information resources and each resource role; four is the design of autonomous learning, namely according to the different teaching method choice, such as scaffolding, anchored instruction, random into teaching, give full consideration to exert students' initiative, knowledge and the realization of self feedback, the
students' autonomous learning for different design; the five is the design of collaborative learning environment, such as group discussion, consultation; six is to evaluate the results of learning, mainly around the independent learning ability, cooperative learning, whether the contribution in the process of meaning construction requirements; seven is to strengthen the practice, to correct understanding of the original or the one-sided understanding, and ultimately meet the construction requirements of significance. Accordingly, we can put the constructivist teaching mode is summarized as: " take the student as the center, in the whole process of teaching by teachers play a role of organizer, instructor, helper and promoter, using elements of context, collaboration, conversation and learning environment, give full play to the initiative, the student's enthusiasm and initiative, ultimately students can construct the new knowledge to. " Visible, constructivism is essentially the subject value to people to fully respect the views of teaching, reflected the development direction of modern teaching theory.
Constructivism thinks, the teaching process is the teacher and the student to the sense of the world for cooperative in process of construction, instead of "objective knowledge" transfer process. American scholars Wilson had specific summarizes the constructivism teaching strategies, such as simulation, strategies and role-playing games, multimedia learning environment, conscious learning environment, with the statement for the content of the teaching structure, case studies, Socrates conversation method, tutorial teaching and scaffolding instruction, through the design teaching, by teaching and learning, the group learning, cooperative learning, collaborative learning, integrity psychological technology. It can be seen that the constructivism teaching strategy is learners as the center, its purpose is to maximize promote learners and the interaction of the situation, in order to actively construct meaning. Teachers in the process on the organizer, the guide, aide, and promoters of the action.
Construction activists claim teaching process includes seven steps or link: one is to analyze the teaching goal, the whole course and the teaching unit teaching objective analysis to determine the current teaching "theme"; The second is to create situations, that is related to the theme creation, as close to the real situation, Three is to design information resources, which determine the subject teaching information type and the role of each resources; Four is to design the independent study way, according to choose different teaching methods, such as scaffolding instruction, polishing writing teaching, random into teaching, give full consideration to play to students' initiative, knowledge of external and realize self feedback to students' autonomous learning for different design; Five is to design collaborative learning environment, such as in the group discussion and consultation; Six is the evaluation of learning effect, mainly around the independent learning ability, cooperation in the process of learning, whether contribution to the requirements of the construction of meaning; Seven is to strengthen the practice, to correct the original wrong understanding or one-sided understanding, and ultimately to meet the requirements of the construction of meaning. Accordingly, we can put the constructivism teaching mode can be summarized as follows: "take the student as the center, in the whole teaching process by the teacher the organizers, and directors, aide, and promoters effect, use of circumstances, cooperation, conversation and learning environment elements give full play to students' initiative, enthusiasm and initiative, achieve finally to make the students effectively to realize the current knowledge of
the significance of the purpose of construction. Visible, constructivism is essentially to the main value give full respect teaching concept, embodies the modern teaching theory development direction.。