respiratory terminology医学英语

Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts
• bronchoplasty • laryngocentesis • lobectomy • pleuropexy • pneumobronchotomy • thoracocentesis or thoracentesis • thoracotomy • tracheostomy
• py/o • spir/o
• a-, an• endo• eu• pan• poly-
Prefixes
bradytachy-
• -algia • -ar, -ary • -cele • -centesis • -eal • -ectasis • -emia • -gram
Suffixes
• -graphy • -graph • -meter • -metry • -oxia • -pexy • -phonia • -pnea
Bronchi
• Bronchus, singular • c-shaped cartilage rings with ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱmooth muscle • each bronchi divides into bronchioles • terminate in air sacs called alveoli
• bronchus: one of two branches from the trachea, which conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides (referred to as a bronchial tree).
– bronchial tree and lungs
Nose
• nasal cavity • nasal septum • mucous membrane
– mucus – cilia – olfactory receptors
Structures of the Nasal
Passages and Throat
Suffixes (cont’d)
• -rrhagia • -scope • -scopic • -scopy • -spasm • -stenosis • -stomy
• -thorax • -tomy • -osmia • -ptysis • -thorax
Word Parts Meaning Breathing, Oxygen, and Chest Appear as Combining Forms
Pharynx
• Nasopharynx
– adenoids or pharyngeal tonsils
• oropharynx
– palatine tonsils
• laryngopharynx
– larynx
Epiglottis
• oropharynx and laryngopharynx serve as a common passageway for both food and air
– bronchioles: smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree
– alveolus: air sacs at the end of the bronchioles; oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through alveolar walls and capillaries
– vocal bands or vocal cords
Trachea
• Windpipe or airway • mucous membrane lining with cilia • smooth muscle with c-shaped cartilage rings • divides into two branches: bronchi • no gaseous exchange
Bronchioles and Alveoli
Bronchoscope: An Overview
Bronchoscopy is a procedure to examine the bronchial tree Bronchoscope – leading invasive tool for evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the lung Catheter – a thin, tube like instrument inserted into the lungs with a small light and camera on the tip which transmits images
pector/o steth/o thorac/o coni/o anthrac/o
Combining Forms Commonly Used with Respiratory System Terms
• atel/o • capn/o • hem/o, hemat/o • muc/o • orth/o • ox/o, ox/i
Direct Examination, Diagnosis & Treatment
Allows for removal of obstructions and foreign bodies
Tissue may be biopsied (removed for microscopic observation)
– air flows out
• phrenic nerve
Respiration
• external respiration - exchange of gases in lungs
• internal respiration - exchange of gases within cells of the body organs and tissues
• ventilation - movement of air
Combining Forms for the Respiratory System
• adenoid/o • alveol/o • bronch/i, bronch/o • diaphragmat/o • epiglott/o • laryng/o
• adenoiditis • atelectasis • bronchogenic carcinoma • hemothorax • pansinusitis • pneumonitis • pneumothorax • rhinorrhagia
Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts
and Suffixes
Meaning
breathing chest oxygen
Combining Form
spir/o thorac/o ox/o, ox/i
Suffix
-pnea -thorax -oxia
Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts
Normal view through the vocal cords into the subglottis
Thoracic Cavity
• thoracic • thorax • mediastinum
– heart – aorta – esophagus – bronchi – thymus
• Ventilation
– exchange of air between lungs and atmosphere
• Gas Exchange in pulmonary capillaries • Breathing largely involuntary activity
Organs of the
Respiratory System
Structures of Respiratory System
• upper respiratory tract
– nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx and trachea
• lower respiratory tract
Diaphragm
• muscle separating chest and abdomen • inspiration, diaphragm contracts and
increases thoracic space
– air flows in
• expiration, diaphragm relaxes and decreases thoracic space
Alveoli
• air sacs • alveolar wall membranes one cell
thick and surrounded by capillaries • gaseous exchange takes place here
Lungs
Right-3 lobes
trachea
• lob/o • nas/o, rhin/o • pharyng/o • pleur/o • pneum/o, pneumat/o, • pneumon/o,
pulmon/o
Combining Forms for the Respiratory System (cont’d)
• sept/o • sinus/o • thorac/o • tonsill/o • trache/o • Phren/o
• epiglottis acts as a lid or flap that covers the larynx and trachea (airway) so food does not enter the lungs.
Larynx
• voice box • larynx/o • glottis (vocal apparatus)
Internal Respiration
• All cells require oxygen for metabolism • All cells require means to remove carbon
dioxide • Gas exchange at cellular level
External Respiration
• adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) • asthma • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • Coccidioidomycosis (valley fever or cocci) • emphysema • obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) • pulmonary embolism • tuberculosis (TB)
Left-2 lobes
Pleura
• each lung enclosed in pleura • parietal pleura (inner) • visceral pleura (outer) • pleural space or pleural cavity • lubricating fluid
Respiratory System Function
• Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells. The process is called respiration.
– External respiration (breathing) – Internal respiration
Respiratory System
Wu Xiaohong Pulmonary division,internal department
Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital
Functions of the Respiratory System
• Breathing process • Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide • Enable speech production