石油英语

Crude [etroleum oil from different oilfields is never exactly identical in composition . Al-though all petroleum is composed essentially of a number of hydrocarbons , they are present in varying proportions in each deposit , and the properyies of each deposit have to be evaluated . Samples are subjected to a series of tests in the laboratory , the object of which is largely to deter-mine the correct processing methods to be adopted in each case不同油田所产原油的组分，从来没有完全相同的。

尽管所有石油基本上都是由若干碳氢化合物组成，但每个油层所含碳氢化合物的比例却有大小不等的差别。

每个油层的油性都需要单独作出评价。

油样要在化验室进行一系列的化验，其目的主要在于针对情况确定在提炼中所应采取的方法。

Petroleum is not normally used today in the crude state . The mixture of oils of which it is composed must be separated out into a number of products such as petrol , aviation spirit , kerosene , diesel oils and lubricants , all of which have special purposes . The main method of separation used in refineries is fractional distillation , although further processing is normally required to produce marketable petroleum products . The different hydrocarbons present in petroleum have different boiling temperatures , and the fractions can therefore be isolated according to their boiling temperatures . Pertrol, , for instance , is a mixture of the lower-boiling hydrocarbons , with boiling temperatures renging from 1000C to 4000C . Diesel oils on the other hand have boiling temperatures of upwards of 4000C现在人们一般不直接使用原油。

组成石油的油质混合物必须分离成为一系列的石油制品：汽油、航空汽油、煤油、柴油以及润滑油。

所有这些产品都有其特有的用途。

炼油厂所使用的主要分离方法是分馏，不过分馏所得一般都需要一步加工才能成为可供销售的石油制品。

石油中所含的各种碳氢化合物具有各不相同的沸点，因此可以根据沸点的不同将组分分离开。

比方说，汽油就是一种由沸点较低的碳氢化合物组成的化合物，其沸点100℃-400℃，而柴油的沸点则在400℃以上。

petroleum is essentially a nonrenewable natural resource , an almost useless conglomerate(混合物) comprised of very useful substances . It exists underground in liquid , solid , semisolid , and gaseous states . The name “petroleum” is derived from the Latin words petra and oleum , mean-ing “rock oil.”石油基本上是一种不可再生的自然资源，是一种几乎没有什么用处的混合物，但是组成石油的各种物质却非常有用。

石油以液态，固态，半固态，气态的形式积存于地下。

石油这个名称来源于拉丁语“petra”“岩石”和”oleum”“油”两个词，意思是“岩石油”
Created only by nature but exploited by man , petroleum is a nonrenewable resource because people consume it approximately one million times faster than nature can create it . Timber is a renewable natural resource ; it can be harvested , replanted , then reharvested in a few decades . In a sense , petroleum …seeds” are being planted today because the natural processes that create pe-troleum occur continuously . However , the results cannot be harvested for many millions of years. The petroleum that man “harvests” today was “plarted”30-6000 million years ago! That is why petroleum is considered nonrenewable石油只能是由自然界生成，而由人开发利用。

人类消耗石油的速度比自然界生成石油速度快100万倍，所以石油是一种不可再生的自然资源。

树木是可再生的自然资源，树木可以砍代，再种植，几十所后又可以砍伐了，从某种意义上来说，现在正在播种石油的“种子”，因为生成石油的过程是连续发生的。

然而其结果要过几千万年以后才可以收获。

人们现在“收获”的石油是3000万年到60亿年前“种值”的，这就是为什么说石油被认为是不可再生的原因。

Petroleum is composed of various complex combinations of hydrogen and carron atorns . these combinations are called Hydrocarbons . Hydrocarbons are immisble(不可容混的) in wa-ter ; that is , the hydrocarbons will not readily mix with water . Often the hydrocarbons foune in nature are not pure substances . They may have other elements and compounds assonted with them , such as sulfur , carbon dioxide , water , and nitrogen 石油是由氢原子和碳原子的各种复杂的化合物组成的。

这些化合物叫做“碳氢化合物”。

碳氢化合物不溶于水，即碳氢化合物与它掺杂在一起，像硫，二氧化碳，水的氮。