《月亮的沉思》译文

但是，什么是“神性”呢？我们该如何定义“神”呢？用心理学术语来说（主要是没有出处），神是一种给我们奇妙感觉的东西，奥托教授把它叫作“超自然的”（来自拉丁语的守护神，超自然的人）。神圣的感觉是最原始的神性的东西，理论家从诸神中，从各种神的属性中，提炼出个性化的神。神学一旦形成，它唤起了其本身神圣的感觉。因此人们面对神秘危险的宇宙时，所表现出来的恐怖，使得他们认为愤怒诸神的存在，进而想象这些愤怒诸神让他们更觉害怕。甚至，宇宙暂时给予他们的恐慌、理性、情感都没有缘由，这个过程循环往复、持续不断。人们的宗教生活按照一种热水系统进行。
But what is this `divinity'? How shall we define a `god'? Expressed in psychological terms (which are primary - there is no getting behind them), a god is something that gives us the peculiar kind of feeling which Professor Otto has called `numinous' (from the Latin numen, a supernatural being). Numinous feelings are the original god-stufl', from which the theory-making mind extracts the individualized gods of the pantheons, the various attributes of the One. Once formulated; a theology evokes in its turn numinous feelings. Thus, men's terrors in face of the enigmatically dangerous universe led them to postulate the existence of angry gods; and, later; thinking about angry gods made them feel terror, even when the universe was giving them, for the moment, no cause of alarm. Emotion, rationalization, emotion - the process is circular and continuous. Man's religious life works on the principle of a hot-water system.
苏格拉底因肯定异端说而遭到对手的控诉，他认为月亮是一块石头。他否定这一控诉。并说所有的人都知道月亮是神，并且他也同意大家的看法。作为对唯物主义哲学“只有”的回答，他的反驳是明智甚至科学的。譬如，他比大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯在他那本奇怪的书中编造的反驳更加明智和科学。就心理学而言，它是如此真实；就伪科学而言，通常情况下，它又是如此荒谬，一种无意识的幻想。劳伦斯写道，月亮当然不是一个雪白寒冷的世界，倒像是一个失去寒冷的世界。胡说八道！它是一个动态物质的球体，像镭或磷，凝结于一个能源跃的极点。这句话的缺陷在于，它毫无疑问是假的。显然，月亮当然不是由镭或磷组成的。从物质上看，月亮是一块“石头”。劳伦斯很生气（他确实应该生气）这些“只有”哲学家，坚持认为月亮仅仅只是一块石头。他知道其实远不止这些；经验告诉他这其中有重大的的意义。但是，他试图用物质方面的术语而不是精神上的术语，来解释这个经验主义上既成事实的重要性。说月亮是由镭组成的完全是胡说八道。但是，像苏格拉底所说的，月亮是由某种神性的东西组成的，严格来说是很精确的。当然，没有任何东西可以使得月亮成为一块石头或神。在任何一本儿童百科全书中，你都可以找到支持月亮是一块石头而不是神的证据，绝对让您深信。然而，关于月亮神性方面的证据依然令人信服。这也许是从我们的经验中，从诗人的作品中，从零碎的思想中，甚至从心理学和医学的教科书中，总结出来的。
Socrates was accused by his enemies of having affirmed,heretically, that the moon was a stone. He denied the accusation. All men, said he, know that the moon is a god, and he agreed with all men. As an answer to the materialistic philosophy of `nothing but' his retort was sensible and even scientific. More sensible and scientific, for instance, than the retort invented by D. H. Lawrence in that strange book,so true in its psychological substance, so preposterous, very often, in its pseudo-scientific, form, Fantasia of the Unconscious.`The moon,' writes Lawrence `certainly isn't a snowy cold world, like a world of our own gone cold. Nonsense. It is a globe of dynamic substance, like radium, or phosphorus,coagulated upon a vivid pole of energy.' The defect of this statement is that it happens to be demonstrably untrue. The moon is quite certainly not made of radium or phosphorus. The moon is, materially, `a stone'. Lawrence was angry (and he did well to be angry) with the nothing-but philosophers who insist that the moon is only a stone. He knew that it was something more; he had theempirical certainty of its deep significance and importance. But he tried to explain this empirically established fact of its significance in the wrong termsin terms of matter and not of spirit. To say that the moon is made of radium is nonsense. But to say, with Socrates, that it is made of god-stuff is strictly accurate. For there is nothing, of course, to prevent the moon from being both a stone and a god. The evidence for its stoniness and against its radiuminess may be found in any children's encyclopaedia. It carries an absolute conviction. No less convincing, however, is the evidence for the moon's divinity. It may be extracted from our own experiences, from the writings of the poets, and, in fragments, even from certain textbooks of physiology and medicine.
窗外，夜色正挣扎着醒过来。月光之下，黑暗中的花园做了一个生动的梦，竟梦到花儿失去了色彩，黑玫瑰变成了深红色。树儿们正极力挽留着最后一丝绿意。在深蓝色天空辉映下，阳台上的白色护栏格外耀眼。（除了几颗棕榈树之外，在那下面躺着一块绿洲吗？它是沙漠吗？）房子里雪白的墙壁冰冷的回应着月亮的余辉。（我应该转身去看那长雪坡上升起的秃白云岩吗？）月色丰盈，不仅丰盈，而且唯美，不仅唯美，而且……
Outside my window the night is struggling to wake; in the moonlight, the blinded garden dreams so vividly of its lost colours that the black roses are almost crimson, the trees stand expectantly on the verge of living greenness. The white-washed parapet of the terrace is brilliant against the dark-blue sky. (Does the oasis lie there below, and, beyond the last of the palm trees, is that the desert?) The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. (Shall I turn to look at the Dolomites rising naked out of the long slopes of snow?) The moon is full. And not only full, but also beautiful. And not only beautiful, but also . . .
月亮冥想
原文
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Materialism and mentalism - the philosophies of `nothing but.' How wearily familiar we have become with that `nothing but space, time, matter and motion', that `nothing but sex', that `nothing but economics'! And theno less intolerant`nothing but spirit', `nothing but consciousness', `nothing but psychology' - how boring and tiresome they also are! `Nothing but' is mean as well as stupid. It lacks generosity. Enough of `nothing but'.It is time to say again, with primitive common sense(but for better reasons), `not only, but also'.
唯物论和唯心论，是“只有”的两种哲学。我们都熟悉到厌烦了，只有空间、时间、物质和运动，只有性，只有经济学。同时，我们对“只有精神，只有意识，只有心理学”无法忍受。这些是多么无聊和讨厌啊！“只有”既卑劣又愚蠢，毫无慷慨之心。“只有”够了，带着最简单的常识（倘若没有更好的理由），是时候该再次重申“不仅，而且”了。