英语语言学：chapter 6 Language and cognition

Think!
What are the stages of first language acquisition?
Language comprehension
Are they different in meaning? Mom helped the child to the third step. Mom helped the child on the third step. Mom gave the child a book Mom gave a book to the child.
represented: X is Y.
Three categories of conceptual metaphors (Lakoff and Johonson)
Ontological metaphors (实体隐喻，本体 隐喻)
Structural metaphors Orientional metaphors (方位隐喻)
Who proposed it? Definition about it (p.142)
thanks
Construal 见解 and construal operation
Definition about construal (p.130) Definition about construal operation
Categorization 范畴化
Definitions about it (p.132)
psycholinguistics? (p.117)
Language acquisition
One of the central topics in psycholinguistics
Keep diaries for studying it : Charles Darwin being one of the first
Ontological metaphors (实体隐 喻，本体隐喻)
Definition and example (p. 136)
Structural metaphors
Definition (p. 136)
Orientional metaphor
Definition (p. 137)
Blending theory
Cognitive linguistics
Think! Can you describe a car?
Main fields in cognitive psycholinguistics
Construal 见解 and construal operation Categorization Image schemes Metaphor Metonymy Blending thoery
E.g: we are wasting our time here. Time is the target domain. Money is the source domain. he is a tiger. In cognitive linguistics, metaphors are
Main fields in language compron Word comprehension Sentence comprehension Text comprehension
Language production
Access to words Generation of sentences Written language production
Second definition:
Mental process or faculty of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgement.
Three approaches to the study of language and cognition
Image schemes 意像图式
Proposed by Mark Johnson It is defined as a recurring, dynamic pattern
of our perceptual interactions and motor programs that gives coherence and structure to our experience Two characteristics: preconceptual and constantly operating Example: link scheme (a child holding her mother’s hand, a causal connection)
The target domain is the experience being described by the metaphor and the source domain is the means that we use in order to describe the experience.
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Two definitions about cognition:
One definition:
In psychology it refers to the mental processes of an individual with particular relation to the view that argues that the mind has internal states (beliefs, desires, and intentions) and can be understood in terms of information processing.
Formal approach Psychological approach Conceptual approach(definitions, p. 116)
What is psycholinguistics
Definition (p. 117) What are six subjects of research within
Metaphor隐喻
It involves the comparison of two concepts in that one is construed in terms of the other.
It is often described in terms of a target domain and a source domain.
Chapter 6
Language and cognition
contents
What is cognition What is psycholinguistics What is cognitive linguistics
What is cognition
Chomsky’s Syntactic Structures (1957) helped ignite the cognitive revolution.