2020-2021学年北京市海淀区高一上学期期末调研英语试题(解析版)

北京市海淀区2020-2021学年高一上学期期末调研英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

As a high school student, Abreu, 16, took part in different voluntary1．(activity). These included helping staff at the public library, doing landscape work in public parks and serving customers at a local restaurant. He thanked his parents for inspiring him2．(do) the right thing. He remembered when he was about 6 years old, his mother invited a disadvantaged neighborhood boy to have dinner. U pon observing the boy’s happiness, he came away with a sense of helping as many people as he could. Since then,
he3．(become) an active volunteer in various organizations. He values the experience a lot.
【答案】
1．activities
2．to do
3．has become
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了一位叫做阿布瑞尤的16岁高中生参加不同的志愿活动及一段儿时的回忆。

1．
考查名词。

句意：作为一名高中生，16岁的阿布瑞尤参加了不同的志愿活动。

分析句子结构可知activity作took part in的宾语，固用名词形式；又因为其前有形容词different （不同的）修饰，所以要用其复数形式作宾语。

故填activities。

2．
考查非谓语动词。

句意：他感谢他的父母激励他做正确的事。

分析句子结构，空格处需填非谓语动词作宾补；据谓语动词inspire的用法，inspire sb to do sth. （鼓励某人做某事;鼓舞某人做某事;激励某人做某事）。

所以填不定式作宾补，故填to do。

3．
考查动词时态和主谓一致。

句意：从那时起，他就成了各种组织的一名积极的志愿者。

根据时间状语Since then可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。

故填has become。

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，
在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Why is the Forbidden City ca lled “purple forbidden city”? If you have visited it, you may find that the palace4．(paint) mainly in two colors, yellow and red. Red,
the color of fire, shows happiness and5．(succeed), while yellow, the color of the sun, was only used by the emperors, who were regarded as the Sons of Heaven. Ancient Chinese astronomers believed that Polaris (北极星), “Ziwei star”, was in the center of heaven and the heavenly emperor lived in the Ziwei Palace. So the palace for the emperor on Earth should be like the one in heaven. That is6．“purple” is in the name.
【答案】
4．is painted
5．success
6．why
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了紫禁城名字的由来。

4．
考查动词的时态语态和主谓一致。

句意：如果你去过紫禁城，你会发现紫禁城的宫殿主要用两种颜色粉刷，黄色和红色。

根据该句描述的是一件客观存在的事实可知，该句应该用一般现在时；又因主语the palace与paint之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态；主语the palace为单数名词，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。

故填is painted。

5．
考查名词。

句意：红色，火的颜色，表示幸福和成功，而黄色，太阳的颜色，只有皇帝使用，他们被认为是天子。

空格处与happiness并列共同作shows的宾语，所以这里需要用succeed的名词形式。

故填success。

6．
考查表语从句的连接词。

句意：那就是为什么“紫”出现在紫禁城这个名字里。

根据句子结构，空格处应填一个连接词引导表语从句，由于空格后是一个主谓宾完整的句子且前面列举的事实在表语从句中作原因状语，故填why。

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Nowadays, millions of people log onto TikTok (Dou Yin in Chinese) to watch something7．(call) Mukbang (Chibo in Chinese). It might seem strange, 8．these videos
are surprisingly satisfying to watch. It 9．(allow) people to “eat” with others even though they are at home alone. However, there is a dark side to Mukbang. The way people eat food in most of these videos isn’t healthy. Some Mukbangers eat too much food and it makes their audience uncomfortable. This could encourage bad habits10．might lead to serious eating problems.
【答案】
7．called
8．but
9．allows
10．which /that
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。

文章谈论了许多人在抖音观看“吃播”节目的现象及其不良后果。

7．
考查非谓语动词。

句意：如今，数以百万计的人登录TikTok (中文叫抖音)观看一种叫“吃播”的节目。

动词call“命名，把……叫做”和所修饰的不定代词something之间是被动关系，所以，应用其过去分词作定语修饰something。

故填called。

8．
考查连词。

句意：这可能看起来很奇怪，但这些视频观看起来令人惊讶地满意。

后文“these videos are surprisingly satisfying to watch”和前文“It might seem strange”语义是转折关系，所以应用转折连词连接。

故填but。

9．
考查动词时态。

句意：它允许人们与他人一起“吃饭”，即使他们独自在家。

根据后文“are”可知，这是描述现在的情况，用一般现在时，因主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，谓语动词用单数，故填allows。

10．
考查定语从句关系词。

句意：这可能会助长不良习惯，从而导致严重的饮食问题。

分析句子可知，空格处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为habits，关系词在从句中作主语，指代事物，用关系代词which或that引导从句，故填which /that。

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词填空，其中有两项为多余选项。

While the Internet brings people closer together, it also harms friendships.
Firstly, talking online can’t11．face-to-face contact. According to a parenting expert, Denise Daniels, communicating through a screen makes it harder for children to concentrate or show kindness to others. As we know, important social skills, which enable us to develop lifelong friendships, are developed 12．direct contact with others.
Secondly, the Internet makes people self-centered. For example, instead of communicating with their friends, some are only13．with their online popularity―the number of “likes” or followers, which we know can’t compare to having long-term and rewarding friendships. Besides, much of the 14．posted on social media does not have a lot of significant valu e. Posts about funny cat images can’t help form meaningful relationships.
Thirdly, online relationships may not be as they appear. Friendships are built based on15．, and with online communication you can’t be certain th at the people you are chatting to are being honest about their identities. Therefore, going online can be dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting of strangers.
I think the best way to maintain healthy relationships is to 16．more on face-to-face communication, and less on online communication.
【答案】
11．replace
12．through
13．concerned
14．content
15．trust
16．focus
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。

主要讲述的是虽然互联网使人们走得更近，但它也损害了友谊。

作者列举了原因并介绍了自己的建议。

11．
考查动词。

句意：网上聊天代替不了面对面的交流。

本句为本段的中心句，根据后文“communicating through a screen makes it harder for children to concentrate or show
kindness to others.”通过屏幕交流让孩子们更难集中注意力或对他人表现出友善。

以及“As we know, important social skills, which enable us to develop lifelong friendships, are developed through direct contact with others.”正如我们所知，重要的社会技能，使我们能够发展终身的友谊，是通过与他人的直接接触发展起来的。

可知网上聊天代替不了面对面的交流。

can’t后接动词原形。

故答案为replace。

12．
考查介词。

句意：正如我们所知，重要的社会技能，使我们能够发展终身的友谊，是通过与他人的直接接触发展起来的。

设空处应为介词，根据句意。

故答案为through。

13．
考查形容词。

句意：有些人只关心自己在网上的受欢迎程度，而不是与朋友交流。

be concerned with…关心…，结合句意。

故答案为concerned。

14．
考查名词。

句意：此外，社交媒体上发布的很多内容并没有很大的价值。

设空处为名词，设空处后的定语“…posted on social media”在网上发布的…，结合句意，故答案为content。

15．
考查名词。

句意：友谊是建立在信任的基础上的，通过在线交流，你不能确定你正在聊天的人他们的身份是真实的。

根据后句中的“honest”诚实的，可知设空处所填的名词应与之意义相近。

故答案为trust。

16．
考查动词。

句意：我认为保持健康的人际关系最好的方法是更多地注重面对面的交流。

focus on… 专注于…符合句意。

故答案为focus。

三、完形填空
How Running Changed My Life
Running has truly changed my life, but I never understood running as a form of exercise.
During the first two weeks this year, my grandmother passed away and I started to 17 my job because of office politics. My life felt stuck. So I decided to run. It was my natural
18 . I just wanted to get away. I started running—by the time I came back, I felt tired and
19 at the same time. I knew I was on to something.
Once in a while, I would get excited about running. However, I always
picked up running for the 20 reasons. I used running as a reason to buy new
fashionable sports clothes. Or I decided to run to lose weight or become healthier. My running never lasted longer than 2–3 weeks. I would lose interest in runn ing. I just didn’t 21 it. Why would anyone go through the 22 of running? Especially when the weather is bad. Who does that? I’d rather go to the gym with my friends, talk, and pick up some weights.
But I found that pain is 23 the reason I started to run again. When my life was not what I wanted it to be, I was upset. I decided to run when I arrived home one day after work. It was a cold January day, and I only ran for 3 miles in a time that I am too 24 to mention. But my time is n ot what’s important—during that run I finally got it.
My stamina(毅力、耐力) was nearly the same as my life at the time—it was bad, but I knew it would be better if I 25 running. If I would fight against the wind, rain, cold, and my thoughts of 26 , I would eventually improve my stamina and be a better runner.
My life has improved at the same rate that my running pace and stamina has improved. But running has the most 27 on my productivity, mood, creativity, and overall livelihood.
Every time life became difficult I would give up. Now, when life is difficult, my response is 28 —I love the pain and struggle instead of shying away from it. My life is moving forward and I’m doing well in my job again. I owe this to running.
And the best thing about running is that it is easy to start. You just go. You decide when, where, and how fast.
17．A．accept B．change C．dislike D．challenge 18．A．personality B．feature C．response D．ability 19．A．energized B．exhausted C．awkward D．depressed 20．A．opposite B．obvious C．particular D．wrong 21．A．treasure B．understand C．realize D．achieve 22．A．pain B．result C．benefit D．effect 23．A．normally B．thankfully C．exactly D．regularly 24．A．ashamed B．surprised C．happy D．eager 25．A．quit B．started C．risked D．kept 26．A．turning up B．giving up C．going up D．standing up 27．A．focus B．impact C．impression D．pressure
28．A．natural B．normal C．direct D．different
【答案】
17．C
18．C
19．A
20．D
21．B
22．A
23．C
24．A
25．D
26．B
27．B
28．D
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。

主要讲述的是跑步改变了作者的生活；在作者感到失落，工作生活不如意的时候，作者坚持跑步，同时，作者的生活水平和跑步速度以及耐力也得到了的提高。

17．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：在今年的前两周，我的祖母去世了，我不喜欢我的工作，因为办公室政治。

A. accept接受；B. change改变；C. dislike不喜欢；D. challenge挑战。

根据后面“because of office politics”因为办公室政治。

可知作者有些不喜欢自己的工作。

故选C。

18．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：这是我的自然反应。

A. personality性格；B. feature特色；C. response反应；D. ability能力。

根据后句“I just wanted to get away. I started running”我只是想离开。

我开始跑步。

以及文章倒数第二段“Now, when life is difficult, my response is different”现在，当生活困难时，我的反应就不一样了。

原词重现，可知作者决定跑步是作者的自然的反应。

故选C。

19．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：我感到很累，同时又精力充沛。

A. energized充满能量的；
B. exhausted筋疲力尽的；
C. awkward尴尬的；
D. depressed沮丧的。

根据常识可知跑步会让人感觉累和精力充沛。

故选A。

20．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：然而，我总是因为错误的原因而开始跑步。

A. opposite相反的；B. obvious明显的；C. particular尤其的；D. wrong错误的。

根据后句“I used running as a reason to buy new fashionable sports clothes.”我以跑步为理由去买新的时尚运动服。

可知作者是因为错误的原因而跑步。

故选D。

21．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：我就是不能理解。

A. treasure珍视；B. understand理解；C. realize 意识到；D. achieve取得。

根据后文“Why would anyone go through the pain of running?为什么会有人经历跑步的痛苦？根据后文的提问可知作者不能理解人们跑步的原因。

故选B。

22．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：为什么会有人经历跑步的痛苦？A. pain痛苦；B. result结果；
C. benefit益处；
D. effect影响。

根据后文“But I found that pain is exactly the reason I started to run again.”但我发现疼痛正是我再次开始奔跑的原因。

原词重现，可知作者发现疼痛正是我再次开始奔跑的原因。

故选A。

23．
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：但我发现疼痛正是我再次开始奔跑的原因。

A. normally正常地；B. thankfully感谢地；C. exactly确切地；D. regularly定期地。

根据后文“When my life was not what I wanted it to be, I was upset. I decided to run when I arrived home one day after work. ”当我的生活不是我想要的样子时，我很沮丧。

一天下班回家后，我决定跑步。

可知正是由于当生活不是我想要的样子时，作者很沮丧这个原因作者决定跑步。

作者跑步的发现疼痛正是作者再次开始奔跑的原因。

故选C。

24．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：那是一月的一个寒冷的日子，我只跑了3英里，那段时间我都不好意思说出来。

A. ashamed惭愧的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. happy快乐的；D. eager 热情的。

可知作者只跑了三公里，作者很惭愧的说出来。

故选A。

25．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：但我知道如果我继续跑会更好。

A. quit放弃；B. started开始；
C. risked冒险；
D. kept保持。

根据后文I would eventually improve my stamina and be a better runner”我最终会提高我的耐力，成为一个更好的跑步者。

可知作者会继续坚持跑步。

故选D。

26．
考查动词短语词义辨析。

句意：如果我能与风、雨、寒冷和放弃的想法斗争，我最终会提高我的耐力，成为一个更好的跑步者。

A. turning up出现；B. giving up放弃；C. going up上升；D. standing up站立。

根据句中的“If I would fight against the wind, rain, cold…”可知作者抗争的都是不利的因素，空格处应是和自己放弃的想法做斗争。

故选B。

27．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：但是跑步对我的生产力、心情、创造力和整体生活的影响最大。

A. focus焦点；B. impact影响；C. impression印象；D. pressure压力。

根据上文“My life has improved at the same rate that my running pace and stamina has improved”我的生活水平和我跑步速度和耐力的提高是一样的。

可知后文讲的是跑步对作者的影响。

故选B。

28．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：现在，当生活困难时，我的反应就不一样了。

A. natural
自然的；B. normal正常的；C. direct直接的；D. different不同的。

根据后文“I love the pain and struggle instead of shying away from it.”我爱痛苦和挣扎，而不是回避它。

以及第二段中作者之前的反应是“I just wanted to get away. ”我只是想离开。

可知作者此时的反应和之前的是不同的。

故选D。

四、阅读选择
Surfer Dudes to the Rescue!
About 50 feet from shore of the Northern Ca lifornia’s Trinidad State Beach, two brothers were fighting for their lives. They had been swept out to sea in a rip current (激流), their mouths barely able to stay above the water. Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys, but the screams were unmistakable. And every second counted. The brothers, ages 15 and 20, were wearing shorts and T-shirts, unsuitable for a November day, let alone the freezing water. Keven Harder, a supervising ranger (巡查员), told the North Coast Journal in nearby Eure ka that swimming in such a temperature “takes the fight right out of you.”
Luckily, four surfers in wet suits were nearby. Narayan Weibel, Spenser Stratton, and Adrian York, all 16, along with Taj Ortiz-Beck, 15, were on their surfboards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the cries. They turned and saw two bobbing heads and four struggling arms. “We looked at each other and knew these guys were about to drown,” Weibel told the Washington Post.
Weibel, Stratton, and Ortiz-Beck paddled toward the distressed swimmers while York headed to shore to warn someone to call 911. He then dived back in to help his friends.
As the su rfers drew close, the brothers were still fighting hard for their lives. “It was pretty stressful, but there wa sn’t any time to think about it, and that helped me keep my cool,” Ortiz-Beck says.
Ortiz-Beck pulled up alongside the younger brother. Grabbing him under his arms, he raised him up onto his board. Stratton and Weibel, meanwhile, hurried to help the older brother. He was large, 250 to 300 pounds, and he was panicked.
“I told them, ‘Calm down—we got you!’” says Weibel. “They thought they we re going to die.”
York arrived in time to help get the older brother atop the second board. The surfers then paddled several minutes through choppy water to the medical help waiting onshore. The brothers were scared but fine.
“When we get a call like this one, it’s usually too late by the time we get there,” says Dillon Cleavenger, a first responder. “I can’t say enough abo ut what these boys did. They were willing and prepared to risk their lives.”
29．What can we know from the first paragraph?
A．Two brothers were almost drowned in the sea.
B．Beachgoers happened to meet the two brothers.
C．The supervising ranger warned them not to swim then.
D．Surfers barely wore T-shirts and shorts in such weather.
30．What were the four boys doing when they heard the screams?
A．Swimming in a rip current. B．Surfing on high waves. C．Struggling with their arms to shore. D．Practising diving in the sea.
31．In the rescue, ______.
A．Andrian York dived back to call the police
B．Keven Harder played the most important role
C．Narayan Weibel tried to calm down the brothers
D．Ortiz-Beck saved the larger and panicked brother
32．Which of the following words can best describe the four surfers?
A．Hardworking and friendly. B．Kind and humorous.
C．Devoted and talented. D．Brave and determined.
【答案】
29．A
30．B
31．C
32．D
【分析】
本文为记叙文。

本文讲述了四名正在冲浪的青少年在紧要关头冒险救人的故事。

29．
推理判断题。

根据第一段对兄弟俩的状态描述“They had been swept out to sea in a rip current (激流), their mouths barely able to stay above the water. Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys, but the screams were unmistakable. And every second counted.( 他们被一股激流卷到了海里，他们的嘴几乎无法露出水面。

浓雾让海滩上的游客很难看到他们，但尖叫声是明显的。

千钧一发。

)”以及巡查员的话“swimming in such a temperature “takes the fight right out of you.”(在这样的温度下游泳会“让你丧失斗志”)”可知，两兄弟情况危急，差点淹死在海里。

故选A。

30．
细节理解题。

根据第二段“Narayan Weibel, Spenser Stratton, and Adrian York, all 16, along with Taj Ortiz-Beck, 15, were on their surfboards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the cries.”(听到呼喊声时，16岁的Narayan Weibel、spencer Stratton 和Adrian York，以及15岁的Taj ortizi – beck正在5英尺高的海浪上冲浪)可知，他们正在冲浪，故选B。

31．
细节理解题。

根据第六段“I told them, ‘Calm down—we got you!’” says Weibel. “They thought t hey were going to die.”( “我告诉他们，冷静点，我们来救你们了!” Weibel说。

“他们以为自己要死了。

”)”可知，Narayan Weibel试图让兄弟俩镇定下来，故选C。

32．
推理判断题。

根据第三段“Weibel, Stratton, and Ortiz-Beck paddled toward the distressed swimmers while York headed to shore to warn someone to call 911. He then dived back in to help his friends.( Weibel, Stratton和Ortiz-Beck划着桨向受困的游泳者走去，York则前往岸边告知有人拨打911。

然后他又跳回去帮助他的朋友们)”和第四段“It was pretty stressful, but there wasn’t any time to think about it, and that helped me keep my cool,”
Ortiz-Beck says.( Ortiz-Beck说:“压力很大，但我没有时间去想，这让我保持冷静。

”)”可知，四名冲浪少年在救人过程中十分勇敢、坚定，故选D。

I want you all to know that I’ve quit social media, and my life has gotten so much better. I mean, it’s only been 15 minutes but I can already tell I’m a different person. Fifteen minutes ago, I stopped using Facebook and Twitter. Within seconds, I noticed I am happier, less irritable, more contemplative(深思熟虑的) and balanced. I’m spending more time on activities that matter. Just in the past two minutes, I’ve looked at a book on my bookshelf and briefly pondered opening it.
I’m truly changing. This is going to sound crazy, but since quitting social media—now, let’s see, 16 minutes ago—all of my senses are enhanced. My eyesight is clearer. Food tastes better. I just smelled the first tulips of spring. I am jolted by a burst of energy. Every morning I am going to meditate or at least lie in my bed and consider meditating.
What purpose does social media serve, anyhow? The academics tell us it’s makin g us miserable—the constant updates from friends with their expensive vacations and gossips about celebrities. If you think about it, the Internet was really only supposed to be for one thing: ordering socks from J. Crew. Then people started posting photographs of their dogs in Halloween costumes, and we all began sendin g Happy Birthday wishes to classmates we’d lost touch with since fifth grade, and the whole thing became the nightmare.
Social media ruins perfectly good human beings. There are people I love in real life and hate on social media. Worst still, social media stifles( 抑制) creativity. They’ve studied this in rats, you know. Scientists made rats quit using Facebook, and when they came back in a few hours, all of the rats were writing really solid debut novels.
It’s been 17 minutes. I have a feeling that my qui tting social media is having a physical effect. All I did was quit looking at my phone 900 times a day. I’ll tell them the secret. Quit social media. All of life’s annoying problems will be over. Your relationships will improve. You’ll never feel down. You’ll never get stuck in traffic.
Do I miss it? Thanks for asking. I don’t even know why I thought it was so important. I do not need to see the 800th photo from my co-worker’s trip. I have no idea how a hot topic is going on. And it’s OK. I can’t imagine going back. I’ve quit social media. It’s only been 18 minutes, but I’m pretty sure I’m going to make it a full twenty.
33．What was the Internet originally used to do according to the passage?
A．To read digital books. B．To do shopping online.
C．To make some new friends. D．To share holiday experience.
34．The author keeps counting the time in order to ______.
A．show how fantastic it is to quit
B．prove it a struggling process to quit
C．remind himself of the time in quitting
D．make a record for his study of quitting
35．What is the tone of this article?
A．Official. B．Serious.
C．Humorous. D．Plain.
36．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．How I Made an Important Decision
B．Why We Can’t Live Without the Internet
C．The Influence of Social Media: Pros & Cons
D．Quitting Social Media Will Save Your Life
【答案】
33．B
34．B
35．C
36．D
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。

作者谈论了自己退出社交媒体后，更加快乐平衡的生活。

33．
细节理解题。

根据第三段中“If you think about it, the Internet was really only supposed to be for one thing: ordering socks from J. Crew.”（如果你仔细想想，互联网实际上只应该用于一件事：从J.Crew 公司订购袜子。

）可知，互联网最初就是用来购物的。

故选B项。

34．
推理判断题。

通读全文，尤其根据最后一段最后一句“And it’s OK. I can’t imagine going back. I’ve quit social media. It’s only been 18 minutes, but I’m pretty sure I’m going to make it a full twenty.”（没关系。

我无法想象回到过去。

我已经退出了社交媒体。

虽然只有18分钟，但我很确定我会把它变成二十分钟。

）等信息可以推断，作者从15分钟到16分钟、17分钟，18分钟，确信自己要坚持到20分钟。

这样反复计算时间，是在证明退出
社交谋体是一个艰难的过程。

故选B项。

35．
推理判断题。

通读全文，尤其根据第四段中“They’ve studied this in rats, you know. Scientists made rats quit using Facebook, and when they came back in a few hours, all of the rats were writing really solid debut novels.”（他们在老鼠身上研究过这个。

科学家们让
老鼠停止使用Facebook，当它们几小时后回来时，所有的老鼠都写出了真正可靠的
处女作。

）等内容可以判断，文章的基调是幽默的。

故选C项。

36．
主旨大意题。

通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“I want you all to know that I’ve quit social media, and my life has gotten so much better.”（我想让你们知道，我已经退出了社交媒体，我的生活变得更好了。

）以及“Within seconds, I noticed I am happier, less irritable, more contemplative(深思熟虑的) and balanced.”（几秒钟之内，我注意到自己变得更加快乐，不那么烦躁，更加沉思和平衡。

）等内容可知，文章主要谈论了作者退出社交媒体后，更加快乐平衡的生活。

选项D“退出社交媒体可以拯救你的生命”紧贴文章主题，幽默夸张地概括了文章大意，简明扼要，吸引读者，适合做标题。

故选D项。

Most people have been taught that losing weight is a matter of simple math. Cut calories—specifically 3,500 calories, and you’ll lose a po und. But as it turns out, experts are learning that this decades-old strategy is actually pretty misguide d. “This idea of ‘a calorie in and a calorie out’ when it comes to weight loss is not only outdated, it’s just wrong,” says Dr. Fatima Cody Stanford, an obesity specialist at Harvard Medical School. The truth is that even careful calorie calculations don’t always yield(产生) uniform results.
How your body burns calories depends on a number of factors. Three factors affect how your body processes calories.
Your gut microbiome (肠道微生物). Trillions of organisms live in your gut, and the important types may influence how many calories your body absorbs from food. This may occur because some types of organisms are able to break down and use more calories from certain foods than other types of organisms. Researchers have found that people who are naturally thin have different types of organisms living inside them than those who are overweight.
Your metabolism (新陈代谢). Each body has a “set point” that governs weight, says Dr. Stanford. This set point reflects several factors, including your genes, your environment, and your behaviors. A region at the base of your brain stands guard to keep your body weight
from dipping below that set point—which is not really a bonus i f you’re trying to lose weight.
The type of food you eat. Your food choices may also influence your calorie intake, and not just because of their specific calorie content. One 2019 study published in Cell Metabolism found that eating processed foods seems to spur people to eat more calories compared with eating unprocessed foods.
If counting calories isn’t a dependable way to manage your weight, what can you do to shed extra pounds? Dr.
Stanford recommends the following.
Focus on diet quality. When planning your meals, focus on choosing unprocessed foods, including lean meats, whole grains, and lots of fruits and vegetables in their natural form.
Exercise regularly. Aim to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise each week. Moderate exercise is done at a level where you can talk, but not sing.
Consult a professional. “A lot of people believe it’s a moral failing if they are unable to lose weight,” says Dr. Stanford. But it’s not. As with other medical conditions, many people will need help from a doctor. Successful weight loss may require more than just diet and exercise. “Only 2% of people who m eet the criteria for the use of anti-obesity medications actually get them. This means that 98% of people who could be treated aren’t,” she says, “Don’t be afraid to seek help if you need it.”
37．What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A．Old theories actually mislead us.
B．Losing weight lies in losing calorie.
C．Calorie calculations lead to good results.
D．Losing weight by losing calorie is outdated.
38．The processing of calories is affected by how you ______.
A．choose the types of food you consume
B．focus on the quality of your diet
C．adjust your brain to the “set point”
D．reduce the organisms living in your gut
39．The underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 6 means “______”.
A．weigh B．produce
C．lose D．cost
40．It is implied in the passage that ______.
A．cutting calories is essential for weight loss
B．losing weight can be double-edged
C．healthy eating keeps you losing weight
D．a healthy lifestyle is key to weight loss
【答案】
37．A
38．A
39．C
40．D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了事实证明传统的减肥策略是一种误导，并介绍了燃烧卡路里的三方面因素及斯坦福博士对减肥的三条建议。

37．
推理判断题。

由文章第一段第三句“But as it turns out, experts are learning that this decades-old strategy is actually pretty misguided.”（但事实证明，专家们正在了解到，这种数十年之久的策略实际上在指导性上是错误的。

）可推知，A项（旧的理论实际上误导了我们。

）是正确的。

所以从第一自然段我们可以推断出旧的理论实际上误导了我们，故选A项。

38．
细节理解题。

由文章第二段第二句“Three factors affect how your body processes calories.”（有三个因素影响你的身体如何处理卡路里）及下面列举的三个因素“Your gut microbiome (肠道微生物).”（你的肠道微生物）；“Your metabolism (新陈代谢).”（你的新陈代谢）；“The type of food you eat.”（你吃的食物类型）；再结合四个选项可知处理卡路里受你选择食物种类的影响。

故选A项。

39．
猜测词义题。

由文章第六段前半句“If counting calories isn’t a dependable way to manage your weight,”（如果计算卡路里不是控制体重的可靠方法）可推知后半句“what can you do to shed extra pounds?”（那么你能做些什么来减掉多余的体重呢?）。

所以shed是减掉的意思，即A. weigh重; B. produce产生; C. lose失去,减掉；D. cost花费，故选C项。

40．
推理判断题。

由文章倒数第四自然段“Dr. Stanford recommends the following.”（斯坦福建议如下博士）和最后三段的三个中心句“Focus on diet quality.”（注重饮食质量。

）；“Exercise regularly.”（定期锻炼。

）；“Consult a professional.”（请教专业人士。

）可知，文章中暗示健康的生活方式是减肥的关键。

故选D项。

【点睛】
做推理判断题时一定记住是在原文基础是的推理，切忌原词原句的表达。

如第1小题，同学们很容易误选D. Losing weight by losing calorie is outdated. (通过减少卡路里来减肥是过时的),该项是文章的原句（第一段的第四句），所以它不能算作是推断出来的。

五、阅读表达
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

As we advance into the third quarter of 2020, educators are watching ahead and wondering whether there is a possibility of reopening education campuses and in-person teaching anytime soon. The ongoing pandemic(流行病) has changed several aspects of human life, including education and potential online education trends. It has urged global experimentation with remote teaching, and most students accept the change from in-person
to online learning. One of the newest trends in the education industry is microlearning. Microlearning provides information about school subjects to students in an exciting manner by dividing the course material into small, manageable parts for a suitable learning experience. It is suitable for people who are unable to provide attention to a matter for more than an hour.
As online education is entering the mainstream, students are looking for more straightforward and easier strategies to acquire knowledge, and this is where microlearning enters the scene. It allows learners to grasp bite- sized information quickly and effectively.
A great example of microlearning is the language learning application Duolingo which allows users to learn a piece of any language in small, frequent lessons. Over the next year, as far as online education trends go, we can expect to witness an increase in such educational applications and microlearning.
Online education is taking over traditional classroom-based education by providing students with a personalized learning experience that removes location, time, or device limits.
Traditional classroom lectures might not be useful for everyone, as each individual has
a different pace of understanding and interest. Therefore, it is crucial to provide learners with。