2021届上海市建设高级中学高三英语下学期期中试题及答案

2021届上海市建设高级中学高三英语下学期期中试题及答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Obesity (肥胖症) is becoming a problem in our busy society, and almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese. Children obesity is alsoat an all-time high.
Obesity means being very overweight. If you are obese, you have too much bodyfat. If you eat more food than your body can use, this will make you put on weight. Food that your body does not need will be stored as fat by your body.
The following are the major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
What you eat plays a major role in weight gain. Eating a lot of fast food such as hamburgers, sweet drinks, ice creams and other sweet food can increase the risk of becoming obese.
If you do not do enough exercise, you will put on weight as the food you eat is not being used to make energy for physical activities.
The chances of you being obese are greater if your parents are obese.
There are many psychological factors that cause people to eat too much. People who are worried, unhappy or bored will often eat to make themselves feel better. This is known as comfort eating.
Age is another factor, as you tend (趋于) to be less active when you get older. When you get older, you need to eat less, and if you do not eat less, you will put on weight. Obesity can cause many health problems such as heart problems, high blood pressure and many other serious medical conditions.
1. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means that ____.
A. obesity does not do harm to health.
B. there are more obese children than before.
C. all the American children are obese.
D. there are less obese children in the USA.
2. According to the passage, there are ____ major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
3. What will the writer most probably talk about after the last paragraph?
A. How to avoid obesity.
B. How to live in the busy USA.
C. What illnesses are caused by obesity.
D. How doctors treat heart problems.
B
The term "bird brain" is frequently used to describe a person's lack of intelligence and good decision-making ability. However, some scientists believe it should be considered a praise, given that many birds can perform human tasks like producing and using tools, solving problems, and planning for future needs. Now,Griffin, an African Grey parrot, has proved that birds may even possess better visual memories than human adults and children.
The study, led by Hrag Pailian, a researcher at Harvard University, had the parrot compete in the game against twenty-one undergraduate students and twenty-one 6 to 8-year-old children. The popular challenge involves hiding a small object under one of three or more upside-down cups, which are moved around. Participants are required to accurately identify the cup under which the object lies. To make the task more challenging, the researchers required participants to track two, three, and four objects at the same time.
An analysis of the results showed thatGriffinoutperformed the 6 to 8-year-olds across all levels on average. Even more impressive, the "bird brain" performed as well as, or slightly better than, the 21 Harvard students on 12 of the 14 trials! It was only in the final two tests, which had the most objects and most movement, that the parrot fell behind the adults. However,Griffin's performance was never below that of the children.
Griffinwas the candidate of choice because the scientists needed an animal that had a brain functionality similar to that of humans. "The fact that the smart parrot loves to show off his brain power in exchange for a few cashews (腰果) did not hurt either", said Irene Pepperberg, a Harvard lecturer, who has trained Griffin and several other African Grey parrots, has been studying the species for over four decades and is considered a pioneer in the study of bird intelligence.
4. Whatwere the participants required to do in the study?
A. Identify different kinds of objects.
B. Tell where the hidden object lies.
C. Track other participants' performance.
D. Move around upside-down cups.
5. What did the results of the study indicate?
A. 6 to 8-year-olds did better thanGriffin.
B. Parrots have a better memory than other birds.
C. Harvard students have a better visual memory.
D.Griffinoutsmarted Harvard students in some trials.
6. Why wasGriffinchosen for the experiment?
A. It was good at making decisions.
B. It was specially trained for experiments.
C. It had similar brain functions to human beings.
D. It loved to show off his language power for some treats.
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. "Bird brain" becomes a term for a stupid person.
B. Harvard lecturer pioneers in bird intelligence study.
C. Parrot outsmarted Harvard students in visual memory test.
D. Researchers made new discoveries about human intelligence.
C
To hear people talk about Internet friendships, you would think it was one giant web of cat-fishing and e-crime. While we all undoubtedly have to take measures to remain safe online, assuming every friendship or connection made on Instagram, Twitter or Facebook is cheating or insincere would be a mistake.
As a woman who works in the creative industry, I have found real joy in seeking out a community I couldn’t find elsewhere, and making some great friends along the way. My first online friendship was on Twitter with my(now) best friend, during the university exam period. We exchanged study notes in dozens of direct messages, set a study date, and haven’t looked back since.
Drawn to each other by similar circumstances, friendships online are similar to offline in that they tend to begin because of shared interest or common ground-maybe they’ve read the post on Instagram. Maybe they have the same taste in food or politics. Or maybe they just love memes too. If online friendships start similar to friendships offline, they grow in the same way, too. Often through mutual support: apart from calling a friend to congratulate him on that new job, you also re-tweet his jokes and praise his Instagram story.
Despite my positive experiences when I tell people, most are still suspicious. Eyebrows are raised higher when I explain not only have I found a community online but have made friendships with people I meet face-to-face too. Actually, these are just as valid as other friendships, according to behavioural psychologist Jo Hemmings, who says online friendships can be real.
So how do you know if people are there for the real you or just because you’re popular on Instagram? Hemmings has simple rules. She tells me “You have to equally feel comfortable that you’re getting something of
each other instead of being used to enable something that isn’t friendship.”
Therefore, if all a “friend” online is asking you to do is to promote their work or personal brand and rarely takes an interest in you, then there may be room to question the basis of the friendship. On that note it is worth remembering that just because someone has a lot of followers, it doesn’t necessarily mean they have lots of friends.
8. What is most people’s attitude towards online friendship?
A. Negative.
B. Positive.
C. Objective.
D. Neutral.
9. Why does the writer share her own experience in paragraph 2?
A. To introduce the background information of the text.
B. To convey the writer’s attitude and give the related example.
C. To prove the likely risk for people to develop friendship online.
D. To remind people of the various benefits of making friends online.
10. How can online and offline friendships be deepened?
A. They should be based on shared interest.
B. They need to have common ground.
C. They require support from each other.
D. They can’t live without social media.
11. According to the author, what’s the golden rule to make friends online?
A. A friend to all is a friend to none.
B. Without confidence there is no friendship.
C. A friend without faults will never be found.
D. Friendship cannot stand always on one side.
D
About a month after I joined Facebook, I got a call from Lori Goler, a highly regarded senior director of marketing at eBay. She made it clear this was a business call. “I want to apply to work with you at Facebook,” she said. “Instead of recommending myself, I want to ask you: What is your biggest problem, and how can I solve it?”
My jaw hit the floor. I had hired thousands of people over the previous decade and no one had ever said
anything remotely like that. People usually focus on finding the right role for themselves, with the implication that their skills will help the company. Lori put Facebook’s needs front and center. It was a killer approach. I responded, “Recruiting is my biggest problem. And, yes, you can solve it.”
Lori never dreamed she would work in recruiting, but she jumped in. She even agreed to trade earnings for acquiring new skills in a new field. Lori did a great job running recruiting and within months was promoted to her current job, leading People@Facebook.
The most common metaphor for careers is a ladder, but this concept no longer applies to most workers. As of 2010, the average American had eleven jobs from the ages of eighteen to forty-six alone. Lori often quotes Pattie Sellers, who came up with a much better metaphor: “Careers are a jungle gym, not a ladder.”
As Lori describes it, there’s only one way to get to the top of a ladder, but there are many ways to get to the top of a jungle gym. The jungle gym model benefits everyone, but especially women who might be starting careers, switching careers, getting blocked by external barriers, or reentering the workforce after taking time off. The ability to create a unique path with occasional dips, detours (弯路), and even dead ends presents great views of many people, not just those at the top. On a ladder, most climbers are stuck staring at the butt of the person above.
12. Why did Lori make the call?
A. She helped Facebook to solve the biggest problem.
B. She wanted to make a business deal with Facebook.
C. She tried to ask for a pay rise in Facebook.
D. She wanted to become an employee in Facebook.
13. What impressed “I” by Lori?
A. Lori was good at running recruiting.
B. Lori attached great importance to Facebook’s needs.
C. Lori jumped in Facebook with no adequate experience.
D. Lori was skilled in marketing at eBay.
14. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Now all people don’t tend to climb the ladder.
B. None on the ladder can enjoy the great views.
C. Jungle gyms offer limited exploration for employees.
D. A pregnant woman, jobless, benefits little from the jungle gyms.
15. What is the best title of the passage?
A. It’s a Jungle Gym, Not a Ladder.
B. Facebook’s Biggest Problem.
C. Applying for a Job in Facebook.
D. A Jungle Gym is Better than a Ladder.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Ways to know your feelings better.As we grow up, we get better at knowing what we are feeling and why.____16____It also helpsus understand and get on well with other people. Even difficult feelings, like anger or sadness, help us know ourselves. Paying attention to feelings is a skill that anyone can practice. Here are some things to try:
Notice and name your feelings.
First, notice how you feel as things happen.____17____For example, you might say, “I feel proud” when a class presentation goes well, “I feel disappointed” at not doing well on a test, or “I feel friendly” when sitting with a group at lunch.
____18____
Pick one emotion — like joy. Track it all day. Notice how often you feel it. Every time, make a mental note to yourself or write it down. Is the feeling mild, medium, or strong?
Keep a feeling journal.
Take a few minutes each day to record how you feel and why.____19____You can also make art, write poetry, or compose music that catches an emotion you feel.
The more you are aware of your emotions, the more they help you know yourself and understand the people around you. Noticing and writing about your feelings is a healthy way you express them.____20____
A. Learn new words for feeling.
B. Track one emotion.
C. Writing about your feelings is a way to express them.
D. Then name the feelings to yourself.
E. It is also a good way to keep difficult feelings from building up.
F. Knowing our feelings helps us know what we want and make choices.
G. It is a matter of choice for you to track different feelings.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项What is the most fun you can have in 21 hours and 23 minutes? On 15 October 2003, Yang Liwei answered this question. His___21___in space took him 600,000 kilometers in orbit（轨道）, around the earth 14 times, in just over 21 hours. It made himChina's first___22___in space. He had worked towards this___23___for many years.
Born in 1965, Yang had wanted to___24___since hewas a young boy. His friends and teachers have all said that he___25___science and technology from a young age. He always had a(an)___26___of flying.
In 1983,he joined the army and went to flight school. He___27___in 1987 and became a pilot. In 1998, he___28___to be a member of Project 921, which is now called Shenzhou. He was one of the only 14___29___from 1,500 candidates（候选人）. The team spent the next five years being___30___. They not only studied all the subjects___31___to be an astronaut, but also learned___32___skills and all about how spaceship and rockets are built. Yang scored among the very___33___in everything the group studied.
In September 2003, only three out of the 14 candidates were___34___for the Chinese space adventure, and Yang was one of them. He took all kinds of tests to___35___he was fit for this important task.___36___he did not get the best scores on every single test, it was his high scores on the psychological（心理的）tests that___37___won him the chance.
In the end, Yang was indeed a___38___. His name will go down in history. The people ofChinacan be___39___of him and young people all over the world can___40___him as an example of a man who managed to live his dream.
21. A. sailing B. voyage C. walk D. leap
22. A. tourist B. survivor C. astronaut D. volunteer
23. A. goal B. idea C. risk D. reward
24. A. explore B. operate C. compete D. fly
25. A. ignored B. loved C. doubted D. refused
26. A. dream B. chance C. opinion D. schedule
27. A. dropped B. survived C. graduated D. succeeded
28. A. wanted B. hoped C. deserved D. applied
29. A. got B. taken C. selected D. kept
30. A. recognized B. trained C. persuaded D. replaced
31. A. required B. added C. simplified D. released
32. A. walking B. communication C. management D. survival
33. A. altitude B. middle C. top D. bottom
34. A. designed B. picked C. coached D. praised
35. A. prove B. admit C. expect D. mention
36. A. Although B. Because C. Unless D. When
37. A. frequently B. swiftly C. gradually D. finally
38. A. concern B. failure C. success D. competitor
39. A. confident B. proud C. afraid D. ashamed
40. A. get along with B. care about C. deal with D. look up to
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Teenage life is full of adventures and challenges. Doing voluntary work is popular among some teenagers and extra-curricular activities____41.____(prefer) by others, such as organizing debates, studying literature, dancing ballet and cleaning up the greenhouses. But more people sign up for advanced courses out of____42.____(curious). Actually, some teenagers feel confused in their youth, and their behaviors are sometimes confusing. They think there is a generation gap between____43.____(they) and adults, so experts are trying to find a suitable solution.
Johnson,____44.____outgoing freshman, is so attracted to Chinese literature that he____45.____(quit) his studies inChicagoand come toChina. Obviously, with the help of his teacher, his Chinese has improved greatly and he can speak fluent Chinese____46.____campus now. As____47.____(schedule), he will graduate next year.____48.____he is concentrating on is the ancient Chinese Literature and he is fascinated with Tang poetry. The topic of his research content is “the differences between Eastern and Western literature”. An editor that acts____49.____(responsible) has recommended him_____50._____(read) some classical Chinese literature first. The recommendation means a lot to him.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My classmates and I was to graduate the next month. We were determined to do something. Before a heated discussion, we decided on making a video to record our experiences at school.
It took us a whole week to collect materials, during that time we interviewed our teachers and took photo of every aspect of school life. The editing part was not easily. We discussed what to put it into the video. Although we had difficulty in do this, the video turned out perfect. Several days late, when the video was played at the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The teachers and students share a great time. That surely gave us sense of achievement.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

My granddaughter Elizabeth lives in Washington state. When she was a rather naive 12 year old,she had spent the summer visiting her father near Atlanta,Georgia. Elizabeth's school was to start in about three weeks,so it was decided that she could stop and visit with us in Texas before returning to Washington just in time to start school.
Our visit would be rather short,but Elizabeth is such a joy that we enjoy every moment that we can share with her.
I can't imagine what the travel agent in Georgia was thinking when she scheduled 12-year-old Lizzy's flights. First,she was to fly from Atlanta to Houston William Hobby Airport, arriving about 9:00 p.m. Then she was to depart for San Antonio about 11:00 p.m. from Houston's George H.W. Bush Inter. Continental Airport. However,Bush is some 25 miles across town from Houston Hobby Airport,and there was no ground transportation available between the two.
The lady who sat next to Liz on the plane learned of the situation andsensing Liz's worry,gave her a phone card and $10. 00. When Elizabeth called us and explained her situation,we advised her to contact a police officer there at the terminal.
She did. He put her in touch with Ms Joy Fears,a Continental gate agent. Initially,Ms Fears was going to put Elizabeth in a taxi to make the cross-town trip. Liz had $20. 00 or so that her dad had given her upon leaving Atlanta Hartsfield Airport,plus the $10. 00 that her seatmate had given her—enough for the taxi fare to Bush Airport. However,no doubt considering Liz's age and the late hour,Ms Fears decided to show her kindness by taking an enjoyable“do it yourself”approach.
First Ms Fears got a meal voucher(代金券) and got Lizzy fed. Then she proceeded to round up Liz's baggage,then put both the luggage and our granddaughter in her private vehicle. She went so far as to personally deliver Liz to the Continental gate at Bush,and saw to it that she was properly checked in and on her way for the 55 minute flight from Houston to San Antonio.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

We feel very grateful to Liz's seat-mate, the Houston police officer.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __
There are many helpful folks who don't get recognition for their kindness.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D
12. D 13. B 14. A 15. A
16. F 17. D 18. B 19. C 20.
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32.
D 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. D
36 are preferred
41. curiosity
42. themselves
43. an 44. has quit
45. on 46. scheduled
47. What 48. responsibly
49. to read
51.(1).was→were
(2).Before→After
(3).that→which
(4).photo→photos
(5).easily→easy
(6).去掉it
(7).do→doing
(8).late→later
(9).share→shared
(10).sense前加a 52.略。