16春六级资料
2016年12月全国英语六级考试试卷及答案解析第三套
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage creation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)（说明：由于2016年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Small communities, with their distinctive character--where life is stable and intensely human—are disappearing. Some have 26 from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have 27 changes as they have come into contact with an 28 machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have 29 in the modem world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization 30 more successfully than others. In planting and harvest time one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families, with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses,in railway or bus 31 Although the Amish have lived with 32 America for over two and a half centuries, they have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.The Amish are often 33 by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem 34 and the American dream of success and progress. But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime, for after all, they are good farmers who 35 the virtues of work and thrift.A. accessingB. conveniencesC. destinedD. expandingE. industrializedF. perceivedG. practiceH. processI. progressJ. respectiveK. survivedL. terminalsM. undergoneN. universalO. vanished Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Countries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica[A] On a glacier-filled island with fjords (峡湾) and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica's first Orthodox church on a hill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile,Chinese labourers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China's plan to operate five bases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quartersfor 150 people. Not to be outdone, India's futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stilts (桩子) using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.[B] More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve,shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining. But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire,but also for the strategic and commercial opportunities that already exist.[C] The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life.South Korea, which operates state-of-the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill (磷虾),found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to createone of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries here.[D] Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs from Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.[E] Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System (GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, andnew stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.[F] Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. "You can see that we'rehere to stay," said Vladimir Cheberdak,57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb yon Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.[G] Antarctica's mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-team prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted ( 令人垂涎的) reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite (金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments v ary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.[H] Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardise offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctica's remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger than Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.[I] But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica's treaties, possibly allowing more commercialendeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George Island offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand.[J]Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet's driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest-growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. Itis building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome13,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planet's coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research, but they also acknowledge that concerns about "resource security" influence their moves.[K] China's newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George Island makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. "We do weather monitoring here and other research," Ning Xu,53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard (baofengxuE. in late November.The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter.Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China's Antarctic operations since the1980s. "We now feel equipped to grow," he said.[L] As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere's summer, including those at the Amundsen-Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feeton a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers than Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.[M] Scholars warn that Antarctica's political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent's treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in partsof Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting (拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.[N] Some countries have had a hard time here. Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough, a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile's air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.[O] However, Brazil's stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.[P] Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia's help, Belarus is preparing to build its first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.[Q] "The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men fromEuropean, Australasian and North American states are over," said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholarat the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. "The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested."36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.37. Efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia's obstruction.38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America's dominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39. According to geologists' estimates, Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41. The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica's treaties before their expiration.42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43. Antarctica's harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditionalwhite nations.45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movementto quit.But that isn't why the government--under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party--has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics (麻醉剂).Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive ( 惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco isone of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider themove in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his new adviser's outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free vote before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (叹惜) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket checkouts fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A. Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B. It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C. Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D. It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A. Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B. Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C. Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D. Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A. Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B. The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C. The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D. Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49. Why has it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A. Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B. There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C. Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D. Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A. They fueled a lot of controversy.B. They attracted a lot of smokers.C. They made more British people obese.D. They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money! In return for an average of ~44,000 of debt, students get an averageof only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from ￡1,000 to ￡9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn't even provide any guarantee of a decent job : six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-tricks (骗术). There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn't work out, students pay verylittle--if any--of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning ￡21,000 a year.Almost half of graduates--those who go on to earn less--will have a portion of their debt written off.It's not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university; studies show- they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures (兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away fromwhere someone went to university--and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.51. What is the author's opinion of going to university?A. It is worthwhile after all.B. It is simply a waste of time.C. It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D. It is too expensive for most young people.52. What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?A. Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.B. It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.C. Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.D. Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?A. Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.B. Practical skills they will need in their future careers.C. Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.D. Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university?A. Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.B. Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.C. Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.D. Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.B. Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.C. University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.D. The prestige of the university influences employers' recruitment decisions.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.农业是中国的一个重要产业，从业者超过3亿。
2016年6、12月英语六级真题(含答案)
2016年6月英语六级真题Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are requried to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section AQuestions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the worldC) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section APursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said:“True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context, Piaget’s statement seems harsh. What he was_32_，however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of_33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automatically B)beneficial C)capturing D)confusedE)emphasizing F)entrance G)excited H)existenceI)incidentally J)intolerant K)occupation L)promisesM)recession N)slightly O)undertakesSection BCan societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals ,he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word“environment”has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term ,but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture,slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry .More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence ;and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services —the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in,and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care.But is this right?Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,”it says,“most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily;“In the industralised countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development,”it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world,butfor different reasons. It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air andpoison-free food. They also, however, use far more natural resources-fuel, water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country’s wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have re-leasedup-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question ,repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of naturalresources on Earth.Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements likeclick-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it.A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are“structural,”and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excusefor not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is“unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those“unadaptable and untrained”workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
六级2016试题及答案
六级2016试题及答案六级考试作为全国性的英语水平测试，是中国大学生最为重要的英语考试之一。
2016年的六级考试题目及答案被广大考生所关注。
本文将为您总结整理2016年的六级试题，并提供答案供参考。
一、听力理解Section A: Sentence Translation1. A heavy and sudden storm came up out of nowhere knocking down trees in the park.2. Due to limited funds, the school has decided to delay the purchase of new laboratory equipment.3. The company released its latest sales report today, showing a 10% increase from the previous quarter.4. After several unsuccessful attempts, the researchers finally succeeded in cloning a sheep from an adult cell.5. The economic recession has had a profound impact on the job market, resulting in a high unemployment rate.Section B: Conversation Comprehension6. A) The woman has a lot of homework to do.B) The woman hasn't completed her assignment yet.C) The woman has a full schedule for the day.D) The woman has decided to skip the lecture.7. A) She was unable to get a ticket for the concert.B) She already has a ticket for the concert.C) She doesn't want to go to the concert.D) She is not interested in classical music.8. A) 9:00B) 9:20C) 9:40D) 10:009. A) He doesn't like the dark.B) He needs to go home early.C) He forgot to turn off the light.D) He prefers bright lights.10. A) The woman understands Japanese.B) The woman is planning to study Japanese.C) The woman has learned Japanese for a year.D) The woman has never been to Japan. Section C: Passage Comprehension11. A) The use of drones in the film industry.B) The impact of drones on the aviation industry.C) The potential dangers of unregulated drone use.D) The benefits of using drones for photography.12. A) To promote eco-friendly transportation.B) To offer affordable transportation options.C) To reduce traffic congestion in the city.D) To encourage people to use bicycles.13. A) They may worry about the future of their careers.B) They may experience anxiety and depression.C) They may feel a sense of loneliness and isolation.D) They may struggle to adapt to new environments.14. A) It is cost-effective for the government.B) It is environmentally friendly.C) It is popular among young people.D) It is safe and convenient for commuters.15. A) To explore genetically modified crops.B) To encourage the use of organic farming methods.C) To address the challenges of global food security.D) To promote sustainable agricultural practices.二、阅读理解Passage 1: A Changing World16. D) challenges.17. A) Promote intercultural understanding.18. C) Their potential economic benefits.19. D) They can develop more creative thinking skills.20. B) It provides opportunities for personal growth.Passage 2: Climate Change21. B) The consequences of climate change.22. D) The actions that individuals can take to address climate change.23. A) Reduce carbon emissions.24. C) They acknowledge the importance of individual effort.25. D) Develop sustainable living habits.Passage 3: Artificial Intelligence26. A) Its significant impact on job markets.27. B) They can improve efficiency and accuracy.28. D) Adapt to rapid changes in technology.29. C) Ensuring AI technology benefits humanity.30. B) Address the ethical implications of AI.Passage 4: Study Abroad Programs31. C) The potential benefits of studying abroad.32. A) Improve their language skills.33. B) Gain a broader perspective on global issues.34. D) They enhance personal and professional development.35. C) They provide opportunities for cultural exchange.三、完形填空36. B) sometimes.37. D) affordable.38. A) Moreover.39. C) appreciation.40. B) unless.41. D) mistakenly.42. C) contrast.43. A) challenge.44. B) decision.45. D) satisfaction.四、语法与词汇46. A) appropriate.47. D) ridiculous.48. C) humiliated.49. B) explored.50. C) complicated.51. A) so.52. D) Because.53. C) in.54. B) whereas.55. D) itself.五、写作本部分无答案，需自行撰写。
2016年6级英语考试真题第1套(阅读理解附带译文)
2016年6月大英语六级考试真题及答案解析Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Project organizer.B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager.D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research.B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology.D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.1-4 DADBQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities.D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies.5-8 ABCCSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.9-11 BACPassage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13. A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14. A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.12-15 ADDBSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.16-18 DBARecording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21. A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.19-22 CBDDRecording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Being unable to learn new things.B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often.D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24. A) Cognitive stimulation.B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet.D) Fresh air.25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.23-25 AACPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. “The adolescent becomes an adult when he 26（O / undertakes）a real job.”To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an 27(K / occupation).对职业的追求是青春期发展至关重要的组成部分。
2016年6月英语6级真题
2016年6月(第1套)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Project organizer.B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager.D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research.B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology.D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities.D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13. A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14. A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B) T aking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21. A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Being unable to learn new things.B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often.D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24. A) Cognitive stimulation.B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet.D) Fresh air.25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let's say you love roller-skating. Just the thought of __26__ on your roller-skates brings asmile to your face. You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise. You have a __27__attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating __28__ the three components of an attitude: affect,cognition, and behavio r. You love the activity; it's great fun. These feelings __29__ the affectiveor emotional component; they ar e an important ingredient in attitudes. The knowledge wehave about the object constitutes the cognitive co mponent of an attitude. You understand the health __30__ that the activity can bring. Finally, attitudes hav e a behavioral component.Our attitudes __31__ us to go outside to enjoy roller-skating.Now, we don't want to leave you with the __32__ that these three components always worktogether __33__ . They don't; sometimes they clash. For example, let's say you love pizza(affective component); however, yo u have high cholesterol and understand (knowledge component) that eating pizza may be bad for your healt h. Which behavior will your attituderesult in, eating pizza or __34__ it? The answer depends on which compo nent happens to bestronger. If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime, your emotions and feeli ngsprobably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for yourhealth. In that i nstance, you have pizza for lunch. If you are at home trying to decide where togo for dinner, however, the kn owledge component may __35__ , and you decide to go whereyou can eat a healthier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have aproblem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence. [C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey. Today's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright."[F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and 70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.[H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to 24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something." [K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented, warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年英语六级真题及答案(共六套)
2016年英语六级真题及答案（共六套）2016年6月英语六级真题及答案(第一套)PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on e—learning.Try to imagine what will happen when more and more people study online instead of attending school.You are required to write at least 150words but no more than200words.PartⅡListening Comprehension(25minutes) Section ADirections:In this section.you will hear two long conversations,At the end of each conversation,you will,hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A.The restructuring of her company.B.The man’s switch to a new career.C.The updating of technology at CucinTech.D.The project the man managed at CucinTech.2.A.Talented personnel.B.Effective promotion.C.Strategic innovation.petitive products.3.A.Innovate constantly.B.Expand the market.C.Recruit more talents.D.Watch out for his competitors.4.A.Possible bankruptcy.B.Unforeseen difficulties.C.Imitation by one’s competitors.D.Conflicts within the company.Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A.The importance of language proficiency.B.The job of an interpreter.C.The stress felt by professionals.D.The best Way to effective communication.6.A.Admirable.B.Promising.C.Meaningful.D.Rewarding.7.A.They have all passed language proficiency tests.B.They have all studied cross.cultural differences.C.They all have a strong interest in language.D.They all have professional qualifications.8.A.It puts one’s long.term memory under more stress.B.It is more stressful than simultaneous interpreting.C.It attaches more importance to accuracy.D.It requires a much larger vocabulary.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A.It might increase mothers’mental distress.B.It might increase the risk of infants’death.C.It might affect mothers’health.D.It might disturb infants’sleep.10.A.Mothers who sleep with their babies need a little more sleep each night.B.Sleeping patterns of mothers greatly affect their newborn babies’health.C.Sleeping with infants in the same room has a negative impact on mothers.D.Mothers who breast.feed their babies have a harder time falling asleep.11.A.Take precautions to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.B.Sleep in the same house but not in the same room as their babies.C.Sleep in the same room but not in the same bed as their babies.D.Change their sleep patterns to adapt to their newborn babies’.Questions l2t015are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A.More money is needed to record the native languages in the US.B.The efforts to preserve Indian languages have proved fruitless.C.The US ranks first in the number of endangered languages.D.A lot of native languages have already died out in the US.13.A.To set up more language schools.B.To educate native American children.C.To revitalise America’s native languages.D.To document endangered languages.14.A.The US government’s policy of Americanising Indian children.B.The failure of American Indian languages to gain an official status.C.The long.time isolation of American Indians from the outside world.D.The US government’s unwillingness to spend money educating Indians.15.A.It is widely used in language immersion schools.B.It speeds up the extinction of native languages.C.It is being utilised to teach native languages.D.It tells traditional stories during family time.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings Will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A.It provides them with the basic necessities of everyday life.B.It pays their living expenses until they find employment again.C.It covers their mortgage payments and medical expenses for99weeks.D.It pays them up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.17.A.Convincing local lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.B.Creating jobs for the huge army of unemployed workers.C.Providing training and guidance for unemployed workers.D.Raising funds to help those having no unemployment insurance.18.A.To encourage big businesses to hire back workers with government subsidies.B.To create more jobs by encouraging private investments in local companies.C.To allow them to postpone their monthly mortgage payments.D.To offer them loans they need to start their own businesses.Questions l9t022are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A.They investigated the ice.B.They analyzed the water content.C.They explored the ocean floor.D.They measured the depths of sea water.20.A.The ice decrease is more evident than previously thought.B.The ice ensures the survival of many endangered species.C.Most of the ice was accumulated over the past centuries.D.Eighty percent of the ice disappears in summer time.21.A.The melting Arctic ice has drowned many coastal cities.B.Arctic ice is a major source of the world’s flesh water.C.Arctic ice is essential to human survival.D.The decline of Arctic ice is irreversible.22.A.There is no easy technological solution to it.B.It will advance nuclear technology.C.There is no easy way.to understand it.D.It will do a lot of harm to mankind.Questions23t025are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A.The deciding factor in children’s academic performance.B.The health problems of children raised by a single parent.C.The relation between children’s self-control and their future success.D.The reason why New Zealand children seem to have better self-control.24.A.Those with a criminal record mostly come from single parent families.B.Children raised by single parents will have a hard time in their thirties.C.Parents must learn to exercise self-control in front of their children.ck of self-control in parents is a disadvantage for their children.25.A.Self-control problems will diminish as one grows up.B.Self-control can be improved through education.C.Self-control can improve one’s financial situation.D.Self-control problems may be detected early in children.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes) Section ADirections:In this section.there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.Let’s say you love roller-skating.Just the thought of26on your roller.skates brings a smile to your face.You also know that roller-skating is excellent exercise.You have a27attitude toward it.This description of roller-skating28the three components of an attitude：affect,cognition,and behavior.You love the activity；it's great fun.These feelings29the affective or emotional component；they are an important ingredient in attitudes.The knowledge we have about the object constitutes the cognitive component of an attitude.You understand the health30that the activity can bring.Finally,attitudes have a behavioral component.Our attitudes31us to go outside to enjoy roller—skating.Now.we don’t want t01eave you with the32that these three components always work together33.They don’t：sometimes they clash.For example,let’s say you love pizza(affective component)；however,you have high cholesterol and understand(knowledge component)that eating pizza may be bad for your health.Which behavior will your attitude result in,eating pizza or34it?The answer depends off which component happens to be stronger.If you are walking past a pizza restaurant at lunchtime.Your emotions and feelings probably will be stronger than your knowledge that pizza may not be the best food for your health.In that instance.you have pizza for lunch.If you are at home trying to decide where to go for dinner,however,the knowledge component may35,and you decide to go where you can eat a healthier meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectly I.positiveJ.prevailK.primarily L.promptM.specifications N.strapping O.typicalSection BDirections:In this section.you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The Changing Generation[A]It turns out today’s teenagers aren’t so scary after all.Results of USA WEEKEND’s Teens&Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they’re being raised.They think of their parents with affection and respect.They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem.Most feel that their parents understand them.and they believe their family is the No.1priority in their parents’lives.Many even think their parents are cool!Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents.rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color(低俗的)book or CD.[B]Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young.In October2000,the same month the survey was taken,the Washington.based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in its publication Media Monitor that,in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth,just2％of teens were shown at home,and just1％were portrayed in a work setting.In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every lave visual backgrounds.No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.[C]The overall facts ought to reassure us.The survey shows us that today’s teens are affectionate.sensible and tar happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes.From other sources,we also know teenage crime,drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline.We of course,need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility,but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D]My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in.depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large‘scale surveys.Still,in my studies and others I have read,I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND’s survey.Today’s teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Morn and Dad’s advice on matters of personal taste,such as music or fashion.When we ask teens to choose a hero,they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure.Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E]Contrary to some stereotypes,most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals(though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish(拉帮结派的)environment of high school).Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people.One prevalent quality we have round in teens’statements about themselves,their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone.By and large,these are very nice kids,and as the band The Who used to sing,“The kids are alright.”[F]How much is today’s sprat of harmony a change from our more turbulent past?A mere generation ago,parent。
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题第3套 CET6 完美打印版
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage creation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Small communities, with their distinctive character--where life is stable and intensely human—are disappearing. Some have 26 from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have 27 changes as they have come into contact with an 28 machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have 29 in the modem world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization 30 more successfully than others. In planting and harvest time one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families, with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses,in railway or bus 31 Although the Amish have lived with 32 America for over two and a half centuries, they have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, and their values.The Amish are often 33 by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem 34 and the American dream of success and progress. But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime, for after all, they are good farmers who 35 theSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Countries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica[A] On a glacier-filled island with fjords (峡湾) and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica's first Orthodox church on a hill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile,Chinese labourers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China's plan to operate five bases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India's futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stilts (桩子) using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.[B] More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve,shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining. But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire,but also for the strategic and commercial opportunities that already exist.[C] The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life.South Korea, which operates state-of-the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill (磷虾),found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries here.[D] Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs from Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.[E] Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System (GPS). At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.[F] Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. "You can see that we're here to stay," said Vladimir Cheberdak,57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb yon Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820. [G] Antarctica's mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-team prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted ( 令人垂涎的) reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite (金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.[H] Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardise offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctica's remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger than Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus55 degrees Celsius.[I] But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now.And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica's treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George Island offer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand.[J]Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet's driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest-growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build afifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome13,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planet's coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research, but they also acknowledge that concerns about "resource security" influence their moves.[K] China's newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George Island makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. "We do weather monitoring here and other research," Ning Xu,53, the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard (baofengxuE. in late November.The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter.Yong Y u, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China's Antarctic operations since the 1980s. "We now feel equipped to grow," he said.[L] As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere's summer, including those at the Amundsen-Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers than Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.[M] Scholars warn that Antarctica's political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent's treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting (拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.[N] Some countries have had a hard time here. Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough, a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile's air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.[O] However, Brazil's stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.[P] Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. With Russia's help, Belarus is preparing to build its first Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.[Q]"The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European, Australasian and North American states are over," said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. "The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested."36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.37. Efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia's obstruction.38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America'sdominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39. According to geologists' estimates, Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41. The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica's treaties before their expiration.42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43. Antarctica's harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isn't why the government--under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party--has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics (麻醉剂).Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive ( 惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign director, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his new adviser's outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free vote before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (叹惜) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket checkouts fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious over-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A. Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B. It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C. Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D. It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A. Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B. Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C. Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D. Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A. Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B. The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C. The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D. Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49. Why has it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A. Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B. There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C. Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D. Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A. They fueled a lot of controversy.B. They attracted a lot of smokers.C. They made more British people obese.D. They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money! In return for an average of ~44,000 of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from ￡1,000 to ￡9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn't even provide any guarantee of a decent job : six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-tricks (骗术). There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn't work out, students pay very little--if any--of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning ￡21,000 a year.Almost half of graduates--those who go on to earn less--will have a portion of their debt written off.It's not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university; studies show- they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures (兀鹰). Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e., an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university--and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. Schoololeavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.51. What is the author's opinion of going to university?A. It is worthwhile after all.B. It is simply a waste of time.C. It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D. It is too expensive for most young people.52. What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?A. Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.B. It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.C. Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.D. Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?A. Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.B. Practical skills they will need in their future careers.C. Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.D. Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university?A. Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.B. Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.C. Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.D. Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.B. Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.C. University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.D. The prestige of the university influences employers' recruitment decisions.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.农业是中国的一个重要产业，从业者超过3亿。
2016年6月6级考试题目答案(三套全)
2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people's daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section ADirections:?In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Project organizer.B) Public relations officer.C) Marketing manager.D) Market research consultant.2. A) Quantitative advertising research.B) Questionnaire design.C) Research methodology.D) Interviewer training.3. A) They are intensive studies of people's spending habits.B) They examine relations between producers and customers.C) They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D) They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4. A) The lack of promotion opportunity.B) Checking charts and tables.C) Designing questionnaires.D) The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) His view on Canadian universities.B) His understanding of higher education.C) His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D) His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6. A) It is well designed.B) It is rather inflexible.C) It varies among universities.D) It has undergone great changes.7. A) The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B) Public universities are often superior to private universities.C) Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D) Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8. A) University systems vary from country to country.B) Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections:?In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Government's role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on peopled life.10. A) They will feel less pressure to raise employees' wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11. A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create jobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Passage TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one's memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13. A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D)They are not based on real science.14. A) They are available at most country fairs.B) They are taken in relatively high dosage.C) They are collected or grown by farmers.D) They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15. A) They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B) Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C) Their effect lasts only a short time.D) Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections:?In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B) How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C) How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D) How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17. A) By training rescue teams for emergencies.B) By taking steps to prepare people for them.C) By changing people's views of nature.D) By relocating people to safer places.18. A) How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B) How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C) How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D) How destructive tropical storms can be.Recording TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Pay back their loans to the American government.B) Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C) Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D) Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20. A) Some banks may have to merge with others.B) Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C) It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D) Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21. A) It will work closely with the government.B) It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C) It will try to lower the interest rate.D) It will try to provide more loans.22. A) It won't help the American economy to turn around.B) It won't do any good to the major commercial banks.C) It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D) It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Recording ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) Being unable to learn new things.B) Being rather slow to make changes.C) Losing temper more and more often.D) Losing the ability to get on with others.24. A) Cognitive stimulation.B) Community activity.C) Balanced diet.D) Fresh air.25. A) Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B) Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C) Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D) Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Section?ADirections:?In?this?section,?there?is?a?passage?with?ten?blan ks.?You?are?required?to?select?oneword?for?each?blank?from?a?lis t?of?choices?given?in?a?word?bank?following?the?passage.?Read?t hepassage?through?carefully?before?making?your?choices.?Each?c hoice?in?the?bank?is?identified?bya?letter.?Please?mark?the?corre sponding?letter?for?each?item?on?,Answer?Street?2?with?a?singleli ne?through?the?centre.?You?may?not?use?any?of?the?words?in?th e?bank?more?than?once.Questions?26?to?35?are?based?on?the?following?passa ge.Let's?say?you?love?roller-skating.?Just?the?thought?of?__26__ ?on?your?roller-skates?brings?asmile?to?your?face.?You?also?know?that?roller-skating?is?excellent?exercise.?You?have?a?__27__attit ude?toward?it.This?description?of?roller-skating?__28__?the?three?compone nts?of?an?attitude:?affect,cognition,?and?behavior.?You?love?the? activity;?it's?great?fun.?These?feelings?__29__?the?affectiveor?em otional?component;?they?are?an?important?ingredient?in?attitu des.?The?knowledge?wehave?about?the?object?constitutes?the?co gnitive?component?of?an?attitude.?You?understand the?health? __30__?that?the?activity?can?bring.?Finally,?attitudes?have?a?beh avioral?component.Our?attitudes?__31__?us?to?go?outside?to?en joy?roller-skating.Now,?we?don't?want?to?leave?you?with?the?__32__?that?thes e?three?components?always?worktogether?__33__ .?They?don't;?s ometimes?they?clash.?For?example,?let's?say?you?love?pizza(affe ctive?component);?however,?you?have?high?cholesterol?and?und erstand?(knowledge component)?that?eating?pizza?may?be?bad?f or?your?health.?Which?behavior?will?your?attituderesult?in,?eating ?pizza?or?__34__?it??The?answer?depends?on?which?component ?happens?to?bestronger.?If?you?are?walking?past?a?pizza?restaura nt?at?lunchtime,?your?emotions?and?feelingsprobably?will?be?stro nger?than?your?knowledge?that?pizza?may?not?be?the?best?food?f or?yourhealth.?In?that?instance,?you?have?pizza?for?lunch.?If?you ?are?at?home?trying?to?decide?where?togo?for?dinner,?however,?t he?knowledge?component?may?__35__ ,?and?you?decide?to?go? whereyou?can?eat?a?healthier?meal.A.avoidingB.benefitsC.highlightD.illustratesE.impressionF.improvesG.inquiringH.perfectlyI.positiveJ.prevailK.primarilyL.promptM.specificationsN.strappingO.typicalSection BDirections:?In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changing Generation[A] It turns out today's teenagers aren't so scary after all. Results of USA WEEKEND'S Teens & Parents survey reveal a generation of young people who get along well with their parents and approve of the way they're being raised. They think of their parents with affection and respect. They speak with Mom or Dad when they have a problem. Most feel that their parents understand them, and they believe their family is the No. 1 priority in their parents, lives. Many even think their parents are cool! Although more than a third have an object in their rooms they would like to keep secret from their parents, rarely is it anything more alarming than a diary or off-color (低俗的) book or CD.[B] Such results may seem surprising against the background of shocking incidents that color the way the mass media portray the young. In October 2000, , the same month the survey was taken, the Washington-based Center for Media and Public Affairs wrote in itspublication Media Monitor that, in a recent month of TV news coverage of American youth, just 2% of teens were shown at home, and just 1% were portrayed in a work setting. In contrast, the criminal justice system accounted for nearly one out of every five visual backgrounds. No wonder parents worry their own kids might spin out of control once they hit the turbulent waters of adolescence.[C] The overall facts ought to reassure us. The survey shows us that today's teens are affectionate, sensible and far happier than the angry and tortured souls that have been painted for us by stereotypes. From other sources, we also know teenage crime, drug abuse and premarital sex are in general decline. We, of course, need to pay attention to youngsters who are filled with discontent and hostility, but we should not allow these extreme cases to distort our view of most young people.[D] My own research at the Stanford Center on Adolescence uses in-depth interviews with small samples of youngsters rather than large-scale surveys. Still, in my studies and others I have read, I find the same patterns as in USA WEEKEND'S survey. Today's teenagers admire their parents and welcome parental guidance about important matters such as career choice—though certainly not Mom and Dad's advice on matters of personal taste, such as music or fashion. When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. Most teens say they enjoy the company of both parents and friends.[E] Contrary to some stereotypes, most adolescents believe they must be tolerant of differences among individuals (though they do not always find this easy in the cliquish (拉帮结派的) environment of high school). Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. One prevalent quality we have found in teens, statements about themselves, their friends and their families is a strikingly positive emotional tone. By and large, these are very nice kids, and as the band The Who used to sing, "The kids are alright."[F] How much is today's spirit of harmony a change from our more turbulent past? A mere generation ago, parent-child relations were described as "the generation gap". Yet even then reports of widespread youth rebellion were overdone: Most kids in the '60s and70s shared their parents, basic values. Still, it is true that American families are growing closer at the dawn of this new millennium (千年). Perhaps there is less to fight about, with the country in a period of tranquility and the dangers of drug abuse and other unwholesome behavior well known. Perhaps in the face of impersonal and intimidating globalization, a young person's family feels more like a friendly haven than an oppressive trap. And perhaps parents are acting more like parents than in the recent past. Within just the past five years, I have noticed parents returning to a belief that teenagers need the guidance of elders rather than the liberal, "anything goes" mode of child-rearing that became popular in the second half of the 20th century.[G] But missing from all these data is the sense that today's young care very much about their country, about the broader civic and political environment, or about the future of their society. They seem to be turning inward—generally in a pro-social manner, certainly with positive benefits for intimate relationships, but too often at the expense of a connection with the present and future world beyond, including the society they will one day inherit.[H] Recently, we examined more than 400 essays on the "laws of life" that teens from two communities had written as part of an educational program initiated by the John Templeton Foundation in Radnor, Pa. In those essays, and in follow-up interviews with a few of the teenagers, we found lots of insight, positive feeling and inspirational thinking. But we also found little interest in civic life beyond the tight circles of their family and immediate friends.[I] For example, only one boy said he would like to be president when he grows up. When I was in high school, dozens in my class alone would have answered differently. In fact, other recent studies have found there has never been a time in American history when so small a proportion of young people have sought or accepted leadership roles in local civic organizations. It is also troubling that voting rates among our youngest eligible voters—18- to24-year-olds—are way down: Little more than one in four now go to the polls, even in national elections, compared with almost twice that many when 18-year-olds were first given the vote.[J] In our interviews, many students viewed politics with suspicion and distaste. " Most politicians are kind of crooked (不诚实的)" one student declared. Another, discussing national politics, said, “I feel like one person can't do that much, and I get the impression most people don't think a group of people can do that much." Asked what they would like to change in the world, the students mentioned only personal concerns such as slowing down the pace of life, gaining good friends, becoming more spiritual, becoming either more materially successful or less materially oriented (depending on the student's values), and being more respectful of the Earth, animals and other people. One boy said, "I'd rather be concentrating on artistic efforts than saving the world or something."[K] It is fine and healthy for teens to cultivate their personal interests, and it is good news when young people enjoy harmonious relations with their family and friends. But there is also a place in a young life for noble purposes that include a dedication to the broader society, a love of country and an aspiration to make their own leadership contributions.[L] In the past, the young have eagerly participated in national service and civic affairs, often with lots of energy and idealism. If this is not happening today, we should ask why. Our society needs the full participation of its younger citizens if it is to continue to thrive. We know the promise is there—this is a well-grounded, talented,warm-hearted group of youngsters. We have everything to gain by encouraging them to explore the world beyond their immediate experience and to prepare themselves for their turn at shaping that world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2016年六级真题及答案
2016年六级真题及答案2016年六级真题及答案2016年六级英语考试作为一场大型的英语考试，一直备受考生们的关注，考试内容从听力，阅读，写作以及翻译等方面来考察考生的英语综合能力，下面我们一起来看一下2016年六级真题及答案的详细内容。
听力测试Part I：听力Section A1. C) They talk about their studies.2. A) He is a poor student.3. B) She is planning to see a film.4. C) He should praise the Czech Republic for its political stability.5. A) He is indifferent to the man's complaints.6. C) She is not interested in watching the football match.7. B) They may be solved by the application of new materials.8. C) Collect data through experiments.Section B9. D) She is hungry.10. B) She has lost her appetite.11. A) They are tired of eating the same food every day.12. D) She could buy some ingredients to add to the stew.13. C) Listen to the suggestions of her audience.14. B) It is a good way to improve her memory.15. A) It helps her concentrate on her studies.16. B) They are not familiar with the town. Section C17. B) Keep themselves warm.18. A) Being in awe of the sights.19. C) The company's poor performance.20. A) The impressive landscapes.21. D) He is unwilling to take any responsibility.22. B) It will spare him the trouble of remembering it.23. C) It would be unlikely for him to enjoy snorkeling.24. D) They can be found in desert areas.25. C) She still has time to complete the required reading.Section D26. D) By using different sources and references.27. B) It emphasizes the importance of finding new partners.28. D) They can lead to a better understanding of markets.29. A) They identified and handled the risks associated with business expansion.30. C) To convince people to use their cell phones less frequently.31. D) It can reduce the number of thefts.32. C) Mobile internet use has surpassed that of desktop computer use.Section E33. A) They are hitting the ceiling.34. C) They put a great strain on physicians' patience.35. B) They turn to the internet for help.36. B) Proper training.37. D) A good doctor-patient relationship.38. C) Too much technology use.39. A) It helps get to the root of the problem.40. D) It can improve the quality of healthcare.答案：1.C2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.A 12.D 13.C 14.B 15.A16.B 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.A21.D 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.C26.D 27.B 28.D 29.A 30.C31.D 32.C 33.A 34.C 35.B36.B 37.D 38.C 39.A 40.D阅读测试Part II：阅读理解Section A28. The author's attitude toward the old method of learning languages can be best described as____.A) ambiguousB) negativeC) objectiveD) cautious29. What is the author’s main purpose in this text?A) To compare the old and the new methods of learning a foreign language.B) To analyze the shortcomings of traditional language instruction.C) To explore the benefits of language learning through exposure.D) To provide a survey of the history of language teaching and learning.30. According to the text, the exposure method has proven to be effective in improving a learner’s ability to____.A) imitate native speakers when speakingB) understand native speakers when listeningC) use correct grammar and syntaxD) write effectively in the foreign languageSection B28. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes ____.A) urbanization is an inevitable trendB) rural life is superior to urban lifeC) rural farmers can learn a lot from urban agricultureD) urban agriculture is not worth promoting29. The author mentions Shared Harvest as an example of urban agriculture because ____.A) it has developed into the largest community-supported agriculture programme in the United StatesB) it is a typical for-profit enterprise providing high-quality organic produce to city inhabitantsC) it has developed a sophisticated marketing strategy that meets the needs of different customersD) it represents an alliance between farmers and city dwellers who share the benefits and risks of urban agriculture30. According to the passage, urban agriculture can contribute to sustainable urban development in all of the following ways EXCEPT ____.A) conserving urban green spaces and protecting biodiversityB) providing healthy food for city dwellers and combating food desertsC) promoting local autonomy and grassroots democracyD) shifting the urban population away from industrial jobs and toward farming opportunities答案：Section A：28.B 29.C 30.BSection B：28.A 29.D 30.D写作测试Part III：写作Section A：翻译中国经济增长已经逐渐放缓，并逐渐转向更加可持续、消费者需求驱动的模式，这一趋势有助于维持国际贸易平衡，缓解环境压力，推动中国走向更可持续的未来。
六级英语真题2016年12月(第三套)试卷及答案详解
2016年12月六级考试真题（第三套）Part IWriting (30 minutes) ．． D1rect10ns: 凡r this part , yll d 30· ou are a owe minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the Part IIimportance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. Listening Comprehension 说明：2016年12月六级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已。
Part IDReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank f rom a list of cho即es given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Small communities, with their distinctive character —where life is stable and intensely human —aredisappearing. Some have 26 from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have 27 changes as they have come into contact with an 28 machine civilization. The merging of diverse peoples into a commonmass has produced tension among members of the minorities and the majority alike.The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have29 in the modem world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization 30 more successfully than others. In planting and harvest time one can see their bearded men working the fields with horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people have seen Amish families, with the men wearing broadbrimmed black hats and the women in long dresses, in railway or bus31 . Although the Amish have lived with 32 America for over two and a half centuries, they have moderated its influence on their personal lives , theirfamilies, communities, and their values. The Amish are often 33 by other Americans to be relics of the past who live a simple, inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem 34 and the Americandream of success and progress. But most people have no quarrel with the Amish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime, for after all, they are good farmers who 35 thevirtues of work and thrift.A) a ccessing B) c onvemences C) d estinedD) e xpanding E) i ndustrialized F) p erceivedG)practice H)process!)progressJ)respective K) s urvived L) t erminalsM) u ndergone N) u niversal O)vanishedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Countries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica[ A]On a glacier-filled island with fjords (峡湾）and elephant seals ,Russia has built Antarctica's first Orthodox church on a hill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile, Chinese labourers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China's plan to operate five bases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150 people. Not to be outdone, India's futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stilts (桩子）using 134 interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans to build bases, too.[ B ]More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of the world ,and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve, shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining. But an array of countries are rushing to assert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire, but also for the strategic and commercial opportunities that already exist.[ C]The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of the ventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sea life. South Korea, which operates state-of-the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill (磷虾），found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries here.[ D]Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs from Antarctica, which is estimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressing ahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.[ E]Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, its version of the Global Positioning System (GPS) .At least three Russian stations are already operating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS , and new stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church of the Holy Trinity.[ F]Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwater reserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. "You can see that we're here to stay," said Vladimir Cheberdak, 57 , chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped tea under a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in the Imperial Russian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820. [ G]Antarctica's mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-term prize. The treaty banning mining here, shielding coveted (令人垂涎的）reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in 2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite (金伯利岩）deposits hinting at the existence of diamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least 36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.[ H]Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like drifting icebergs that could jeopardise offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctica's remoteness, with some mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger than Europe and where winter temperatures hover around minus55 degrees Celsius.[I]But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now. And evenbefore then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world could raise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica's treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavours here well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George Island offer a glimpse into the long game on this iceblanketed continent as nations assert themselves, eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and New Zealand.[ J]Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet's driest, windiest and coldest continent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regular services at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at the base, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs to about 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest-growing operations in Antarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. It is building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome 13 ,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planet's coldest places. Chinese officials say the expansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research, but they also acknowledge that concerns about "resource security" influence their moves.[ K]China's newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George Island makes the Russian and Chilean bases here seem outdated. "We do weather monitoring here and other research, "Ning Xu, 53 ,the chief of the Chinese base , said over tea during a fierce blizzard (暴风雪）in late November. The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacity to sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter. Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under an illustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China's Antarctic operations since the 1980s. "We now feel equipped to grow," he said.[ L]As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains three year-round stations on the continent with more than 1, 000 people during the southern hemisphere's summer, including those at the Amundsen-Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on a plateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and having far fewer icebreakers than Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica.[ M]Scholars warn that Antarctica's political drift could blur the distinction between military and civilian activities long before the continent's treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in parts of Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting (拦截）signals from satellites or retasking satellite systems , potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.[ N]Some countries have had a hard time here. Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it was largely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that a diesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough, a Brazilian C-130 Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile's air base here since it crash-landed in 2014.[ 0]However, Brazil's stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinese company winning the MYMlOO million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station.[ P]Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarctic research base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers for use in extreme conditions. WithRussia's help, Belarus is preparing to build its frrst Antarctic base. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases in Antarctica.[ Q]" T he old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men from European, Australasian and North American states are over," said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholar at the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. "The reality is that Antarctica is geopolitically contested. "36.According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientific research.37.Efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia's obstruction.38.With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America's dominancein the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39.According to geologists'estimates, Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40.It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41.The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica's treaties before their expiration.42.Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence on Antarctica.43.Antarctica's harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44.With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional white nations.45.American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion in Antarctica. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keep smoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isn't why the government—under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and the Labour party— has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should be stripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging would be another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics (麻醉剂）．Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sells addictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banning advertising, imposing health warnings and punitive (惩罚性的）duties. This approach has led over time to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australia suggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco is one of the biggest causes of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the move in November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did not escape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaign曲ector,had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was a connection between his new adviser's outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) In November 2013 , after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, health minister Jane Ellison said the government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) will have a free vote before parliament is dissolved in March.Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs voted overwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February that included the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this would have been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and public health are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006 lament (叹惜）that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket checkouts fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obvious overcautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained external pressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46.What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A)Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B)It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C)Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D)It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47.What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A)Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B)Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C)Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D)Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48.What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A)Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B)The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C)The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D)Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49.Why has it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A)Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B)There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C)Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D Pressure from tobacco manufacturers rem扣ns strong.50.What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A)They fueled a lot of controversy.B)They attracted a lot of smokers.C)They made more British people obese.D)They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money! In return for an average of£44 , 000 of debt, students get an average of only 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from£1 , 000 to£9 , 000 in the last decade , but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn't even provide any guarantee of a decent job: six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaborate con-trick s (骗术）. There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for paying back loans will be frozen forfive years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying their loans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorer backgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn't work out, students pay very little—if any—of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning£21,000 a year. Almost half of graduates— those who go on to earn less—will have a portion of their debt written off. It's not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teach each other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university; studies show they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely to vote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields without having been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures (兀鹰）. Many top firms will not even look at applications from those who lack a 2. 1, i.e. , an upper-second class degree, from an elite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobs in the future, forming contacts for life. This might not be right, but schoolleavers who fail to acknowledge as much risk making the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at a top university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything. Studying at university will only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went to university—and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. School-leavers may moan, but they have little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.51.What is the author's opinion of going to university?A)It is worthwhile after all.B)It is simply a waste of time.C)It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D)It is too expensive for most young people.52.What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?A)Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.B)It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.C)Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.D)Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.53.What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom ins血ction?A)Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.B)Practical skills they will need in their future careers.C)Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.D)Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.54.What is said to be an advantage of going to university?A)Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.B)Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.C)Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.D)Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.55.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A)It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.B)Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.C)University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.D)The prestige of the university influences employers'recruitment decisions.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions : 凡r this part yo u are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passa g e f rom Chinese into E ng lish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。
2016级六级辅导材料(2018.3) (4)
CET-6新题型模拟题（2016级第四学期）●新六级模拟题（三套）●17年6月六级真题（2套）●17年12月六级真题（2套）●六级翻译练习●六级作文练习2018年03月CET-6Model Test OnePart I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views onWaste Separation from Your Campus.You should write at least150words but no more than200words.Write your essay on Answer Sheet1.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section AConversation OneQuestions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A)Avoiding sensitive political points and seeking more power.B)Reading extensively and collecting as much reference as possible.C)Keeping her topic focused and supporting her opinions with facts.D)Having the discussions with women in English-speaking countries.2.A)The women have represented more than10percent of members of the national legislature.B)The women had the vote soon after the end of World War I.C)The record of women in politics in western countries has been similar.D)The women in western countries had the vote right earlier than other countries.3.A)By discussing the pattern of political involvement of women in those western democracies.B)By discussing women's voting rights in democracies.C)By quoting the percentage of women officers in governments.D)By calling for women's voting rights in her own country.4.A)By breaking down her main topics and subtopics.B)By reading her rough draft.C)By bringing her some reference booksD)By examining her outline.Conversation TwoQuestions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)How New York became the largest city in the United States.B)How the Eric Canal is built.C)Why New York has attracted so many people from the world.D)Their tour in New York.6.A)They are tour guides.B)They are salespersons.C)They are tourists.D)They are architectural engineers.7.A)The river.B)The Erie Canal.C)Its location.D)Its population.8.A)In1832.B)In1833.C)In1812.D)In1825.Section BPassage OneQuestions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)Modem people experience more stress than the cave man.B)The cave man experienced more stress than modem people.C)People don't suffer more stress today;it's just that they think they do.D)Modem people have the same worries as the cave man did.10.A)Your favorite football team has lost an important game.B)You have failed an important examination.C)You are informed of an accident of your best friend.D)You have won the first prize in an English competition.11.A)Do things that you really want to do.B)Do whatever you're expected to do.C)Try to do things successfully.D)Refuse to do whatever you're told to. Passage TwoQuestions12to15are based on the passage you havejust heard.12.A)She has been living with her father.B)She was sad about the death of her father.C)She can't search for her father without being watched.D)She suffers from Alzheimer's disease.13.A)Their families and friends will suffer from the same disease.B)Their families and friends will experience mental sufferings.C)They will certainly die in8to10years.D)They will forget everybody but their spouses.14.A)Memory loss occurs from Alzheimer's disease and nothing else.B)Memory loss occurs from sadness,shock,anger,and so on.C)Memory loss occurs for a number of reasons.D)Memory loss occurs with changes in personality.15.A)Early treatment may stop Alzheimer's disease occurring.B)It is still unknown what causes the changes in the brain's nerve fibers.C)Nerve fibers in the brain will cause Alzheimer's disease.D)When one suffers from Alzheimer's disease,he will be buried.Section CNow listen to the following recording and answer questions16to19.16.A)The labor.B)The animals.C)The environment.D)The profits.17.A)They are made of better materials.B)They are made of expensive materials.C)They are made by the workers with a proper wage.D)They are made by the workers with a high education.18.A)One should be wealthy enough.B)One should buy cheap things.C)One should buy everything second-hand.D)One should buy less.19.A)Those are cheap.B)Those are ethical.C)Those are unique.D)Those are comfortable.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions20to22.20.A)Zoos are not worth the public support.B)Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals.C)ZOOS should treat animals as human beings.D)Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment.21.A)He points out the faults in what zoos do.B)He uses evidence he has collected at zoos.C)He questions the way animals are.protected.D)He discusses the advantages of natural habitats.22.A)Animals remain m cages.B)Animals behave strangely.C)Animals attack other animals.D)Animals enjoy moving around.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions23to25.23.A)They foster trust.B)They speed the flow of information.C)They make people creative.D)They create connections to help people to collaborate with each other.24.A)Northwestern University.B)Duke University.C)Harvard University.D)Indian National University.25.A)Three Chinese-American engineers.B)Three Indian-American engineers.C)Three engineers from Duke University.D)Three engineers from Northwestern University. Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line throughthe centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Employers are far less likely to employ people with mental illnesses than those with physical ailments (疾病),a report says.The government is26an initiative urging employers to improve conditions for people with a mental health problem.It is27one in four people will suffer a mental illness at some point in their lives.And even for those with more common types of mental illness,such as28,only about half are29employed.The voluntary standards,launched to30with World Mental Health Day,will also be used by public sector organizations,including local councils,government departments and hospitals.The Disability Discrimination Act,which comes into force this December,will require these bodies to end31 discrimination and promote equality of opportunity.Health Minister Rosie Winterton said:"32and stigma(耻辱)still surround the issue of mental ill-health and when someone does develop a problem,they often do not get the support they need from society to help them recover.""We all have a role to play in helping to33this issue.Employers can help by raising awareness of mental health issues among staff,supporting those affected and combating discrimination against staff and customers.""This is good for staff and good for employers,who we know will benefit from reduced staff34and sickness absences."Work and Pensions Minister Lord Hunt said,"Work is important and beneficial to our physical and mental well-being.Because of this,it is essential that we remove the35that prevent people starting,returning to,or remaining in work."A)tackle B)issue C)turnover D)competitively E)coincideF)unlawful G)barriers H)particularly I)estimated J)launchingK)fair L)depression M)taking N)generally O)ignoranceSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet2.Why Are Airlines Withholding Seats?[A]A few months ago I booked a flight for two and then went to select seats on the airline's site.Based on thedestination and time of year,I was surprised to find only two adjacent seats were available without payinga premium(额外费用).But I was even more surprised a few weeks later,when we boarded the aircraftand a flight attendant announced that only30%of seats were occupied,so we should all feel free to stretch out.[B]So how could a flight that looked nearly full a month earlier wind up with seven out of ten seats empty?That's a question only the airlines can answer,and they're not eager to provide many details.[C]Are some carriers intentionally holding back seat assignments,in the hope we'll all pay for"premium"seats?It's a fair question,and the evidence is intriguing.Behind the screen indeed[D]An awful plot goes on behind airline and travel booking screens,and much of it is strictly off-limits toconsumers.What we do know is that for decades now airlines have become masters of what the industry calls yield management,offering millions of combinations of fares based on advance purchase patterns and other booking trends,so nearly everyone pays a different price based on when they buy.But now that paying extra for your seat selection has become common practice,securing your reservation is just half the battle.[E]Some industry experts have connected the dots."They're trying to get people to buy premium seats,"saysGeorge Hobica,'s Fly Guy columnist and the founder of ."Theywant to increase revenue.And we're getting more complaints about it."He notes that it"really annoys"passengers who want to sit together,particularly when traveling with small children.[F]He's echoed by Kevin Mitchell,chairman of the Business Travel Coalition(联盟):"With yieldmanagement,consumers are aware and they know that airlines are constantly changing prices on seats.But if this is true,it is unethical--they're grossly misleading us.The thing that I find so offensive is conveying to me that I have no options,but if I wait a week or two then I do have options."[G]According to the airlines,the reason for ancillary(辅助的)revenue is tmbundling(分类计价)ticketprices,so passengers who desire a given service--say checking a bag or ordering a soft drink--pay for it, while those who don't are spared the cost.But as Mitchell notes,"There's another twist to this.The airlines are saying fees are for'optional services'.Well,seats aren't optional!"[H]Of course,securing a good seat isn't an issue if you're in first class or you're an elite member of a frequentflyer program.But what about the rest of us?As I've pointed out repeatedly in recent columns,we're faced with record-high load factors,the highest for the U.S.airline industry since World War II.But even with the average percentage of occupied seats for domestic flights at82.7%,it's still an average--some flights will be fuller but others will not,particularly weeks in advance.Yet searching for seats keeps getting harder and harder.Seats for sale[I]Hobica cites the HOF airlines as the prime culprits(起因),but he also notes even low-cost carriers canmake securing seats difficult.On the flip side.he credits JetBlue and Virgin America for providing customers with clear policies.And then there is British Airways,which allows passengers in economy and business classes to select seats only24hours in advance.I asked an airline representative if seeing fewer free seats is a trend,and the response was:"That's going to vary because there are so many variables."[J]I decided to check on seat availability at .I inquired about economy-class availability for two seats on a busy route Atlanta to Chicago--and conducted an apples-to-apples search for the same morning departure seven days in advance,and again14days in advance.For the fight one week out,a total of only eight seats were available,one preferred an seven standard,but only one set of two seats together.For the flight two weeks out,a total of29seats were available,consisting of20preferred and only nine standard, and still with only one set together.Remarkable Virgin America Aireway how even twice the booking time still produced so few"free"seats,separately or together,yet there were plenty of seats that could be bought for the right price.[K]I contacted Delta and a spokesman said the price for preferred economy varies"depending on a number of different factor,"go customers need to compare the costs on a flight-by-flight basi5.The preferred seats arc reserved primarily for Medallion(大勋章)members,and become available without additional charge24hours prior to departure.When asked if Delta has received complaints about a dearth of free seats,he stated,"Overall,our seat program has been received very well."[L]But my findings dovetailed(吻合)with recent complaints filed with Airfarewatchdog:(I)When(my husband)tried to get a seat assignment on the first flight there was just one"complimentaw(免费的) seat"(near the back in the middle)available..,the other available seats had to be purchased for$69.On the connecting flight there were no"complimentary seats"at all!Is this legal?He bought and paid for a ticket on these flights and now he is supposed to"buy"a seat!(2)(After)paying for the flight,a message popped up and said that I could only get a seat assignment when I checked in.In order to get a confirmed seat,I had to pay$129extra!Unless I pay,without a confirmed seat,i am the first one to be bumped from the flight if they are overbooked.How do they get away with this?(3)Does checking in online at the24-hour mark before the flight give me a number in line or let me select seats then?Or do we all rush the gate with our boarding passes(and no seat assignment)in order to get the seat assignment'?How to respond?[M]So what can you do?It's a tough ually I would offer strategies for countering such airline initiatives,but in this case the options are limited.That's why some believe the U.S.Department of Transportation should investigate these practices.As Mitchell says,"The airlines are holding all the cards with this one.There is a sore need for transparency on this.When people are confused,they make bad decisions."[N]That said,consider the following:(1)When budgeting your airfares,make sure you consider not justbaggage fees but the added cost of seat selection--for all travelers and in both directions.(2)If possible, book early,when there should be more seats available,and check in early too.Why the qualifier"should"?Because if availability is artificially manipulated,it's hard to be certain.(3)Book airlines that offer more transparent seat-selection policies.Of course,this is not an issue with Southwest and other carriers that offer"open seating"policies.(4)Finally,the last resort is what Hobica calls"horse trading":negotiating seat swaps with other passengers.But this has become a risky and undesirable option with flights so full, overhead bins(行李舱)so crammed and fellow passengers who may have paid for premium seats in advance.36.George Hobica says that people becomes more unhappy that they are forced to buy premium seats.37.Hobica regards those airlines which offer customers clear regulations as good ones and he has faith inthem.38.If you want to get rid of the trouble of searching for seats,take first class or book an airline that youfrequently choose.39.A spokesman of Delta airline noted that the preferred seats are reserved primarily for Medallionmembers,and become available without extra fees24hours before the plane takes off.40.When people are confused,they can't make good decisions,because there is no transparency on this issue,and the airlines master the situation.41.Kevin Mitchell said it is immoral that airlines are constantly changing prices on scats and grosslymisleading consumers.42.Much of an awful plot going on behind airline and travel booking screens is strictly prohibited consumersfrom knowing.43.It is advisable to consider not only baggage charges but also the extra cost of seat choosing when oneallocates funds for his airfares.44.Airlines,called master of yield management,provides different combinations of fares,causing nearlyeveryone pays a different price based on when they buy.45.The airlines allege that unbundling(分类计价）ticket prices cause ancillary revenue and passengers whoorder something to eat will have to pay for it.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You shoulddecide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living.People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor.Economists study the causes of poverty in order to find solutions to the problem.As the general standard of living in the country rises,the poverty line does,too.Therefore,even with today's relatively high standard of living,about l0percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line.However,if these people had stable jobs,they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.For one thing,more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work.Over40 percent of the poor people are children.By law,children less than16years old cannot work in many industries.A large number of poor people are old.Many companies do not hire people over65years old,the normal retirement age.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons:they are sick,they do not have any motivation.They have family problems,or they do not believe that they can find a job.Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one.Many poor adults never went to high school.Therefore,when they look for jobs,they have few skills that they can offer.At the present time,the government thinks it can reduce poverty,in the country in the following ways.First,if the national economy grows,businesses and industries hire more workers.Some of the poor whoare qualified to look for jobs may find employment.Then they will no longer be below the poverty line.Second,if society invests in the poor,the poor will become more productive.If the government spends money on social programs,education,and training for poor people,the poor will have the skills to offer.Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.Finally if the government distributes society's income differently;it raises some poor people above the poverty line.The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor.These payments to the poor are called welfare.In1975over18million people in the United States received welfare.Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem.However,at the present time,many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.46.What's the author's main purpose to write this article?A)To define what the poverty line is.B)To explain why some people live below the poverty line.C)To find solutions to the problem of poverty.D)To show sympathy for those poor people.47.Which of the following is NOT true?A)Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.B)Poor people are those who live below the poverty line.C)The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises.D)The poverty line tends to be at the same level.48.What’s the main reason for more than4019ercent of the poor people being children?A)Children do not have cn0ugh motivation.B)Children are so young that they are deprived of chances to work.C)Children have to get enough education.D)Children are very poor in health.49.Why are most of the American poor people not qualified for employment?A)Because they do not have any motivation to work.B)Because they are not very sclf-c0nladcnt.C)Because they arc too young or too old to work.D)Because they have physical and family problems.50.What may we conclude from the passage?A)Better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found.B)Welfare will enable people to be rich.C)Poor people are bound to go out of poverty if they have chances to do business.D)Employment is the best solution to the poverty problem.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Recent reports reveal that if you drink too much tea,you will probably get brittle bones disease—but you'll probably be safe if you drink less than a gallon a day.Do you fancy a cup of tea?We drink,on average,three mugs a day.But you might want to try another strong alcohol after hearing the case of a47-year-old woman,published in the New England Journal of Medicine(NEJM),who developed brittle bones and lost all of her teeth after drinking too much tea.Tea may not be so great for prostates(前列腺)st year,research from the University of Glasgow found that men who drank more than seven or more cups of tea a day had a50%higher risk of prostate cancer. And in2009a paper in the British Medical Joutvzal showed that drinking very hot tea(70o C or more) increased the likelihood of esophageal(食管的)cancer.Still gasping for that cup of tea?There is some evidence that tea can be good for you too,with antioxidant properties,so maybe you're not actually drinking enough of the stuff.The poor woman in the NEJM study is not alone.There are a few other cases of people who have damaged their bones through too much tea.But she(like those in other studies)was drinking excessive amounts:100-150tea bags a day to make12cups of tea.A litre of tea can contain up to9mg offluoride(氟化物),which in excess can cause skeletal fluorosis(氟中毒),reducing bone quality and causing pain and stiffening of the ligaments(韧带).Other studies show you generally need to drink a gallon a day for three decades to develop this condition.You also shouldn't worry about the Glasgow study as it wasn’t designed to show that drinking tea actually caused prostate cancer.All it proved was an association and people were only asked how much tea they drank at the start of the study,which went on for about28years.The National Cancer Institute in the U.S.concludes that the evidence isn't good enough to say tea either harms or helps our health.However it does seem sensible in the light of the BMJ study to wait for your tea to cool down for a few minutes.Black tea,which makes up75%of the world's consumption,may have healthy properties from its plant chemicals called poly phenols(多酚),which are antioxidants.Green tea contains more poly phenols but isn't so nice to dunk digestives into.A review of the evidence in the European Journal Of Clinical Nutrition,sponsored by the Tea Council--which,the authors say,had no part in the study--found the research showed more than three cups of black tea a day reduced heart disease.It found no evidence of harm"in amounts typically consumed".So as long as you drink less than a gallon of tea a day you should be absolutely fine.51.What can be inferred about tea from Paragraph3?A)Very hot tea may cause prostate cancer.B)There may be a link between very hot tea and esophageal cancer.C)Over-drinking tea is the cause of prostate cancer.D)Drinking too much tea may worsen esophageal cancer.52.What may be caused by the excessive intake of fluoride?A)It may increase the likelihood of heart attack.B)It may cause the bone fracture.C)It may cause fluorosis in the blood.D)It may weaken the bone quality and hurt the ligaments.53.Which of the following instructions is encouraged to practice?A)Drinking Jess tea in the future.B)Drinking no tea at all.C)Drinking tea that is not too hot.D)Drinking green tea instead of black tea.54.Why is Black tea considered as healthy drink?A)It contains antioxidants.B)It is made from plant.C)Poly phenols are added to it.D)It helps one digest.55.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A)Under no circumstance can you drink more than a gallon of tea a day.B)Black tea can be seen as a cure for heart disease.C)Drinking tea does no harm at all,regardless of how much you consume.D)Tea Council's participation into the research may decrease its credibility.Part IV Translation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.几千年的中国文化充实着中国梦，同时，过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着中国梦。
2016年六月英语六级真题和答案word文档
2016年6月大学英语六级真题及答案完整版Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 参考范文1：We have to admit that the impact of technology on society is unquestionable. Whether considering the TV or the computers. technology has had a huge impact on society。
While not every advance has been beneficial. there have been many positive effects of technology。
The internet is one typical example, With the development of science and technology. the world is no longer what it used to be。
But the ability of communication is a significant skill which should be cultivated if we want to survive and succeed in the world。
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题第三套
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essayshould include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encouragecreation. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)（说明：由于2016年12月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现）Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Small communities, with their distinctive character--where life is stable and intensely human—aredisappearing. Some have 26 from the face of the earth, others are dying slowly, but all have27 changes as they have come into contact with an 28 machine civilization. The merging ofdiverse peoples into a common mass has produced tension among members of the minorities and themajority alike.The Old Order Amish, who arrived on American shores in colonial times, have 29 in themodem world in distinctive, small communities. They have resisted the homogenization 30 moresuccessfully than others. In planting and harvest time one can see their bearded men working the fieldswith horses and their women hanging out the laundry in neat rows to dry. Many American people haveseen Amish families, with the men wearing broad-brimmed black hats and the women in long dresses,in railway or bus 31 Although the Amish have lived with 32 America for over two and a halfcenturies, they have moderated its influence on their personal lives, their families, communities, andtheir values.The Amish are often 33 by other Americans to be relics of the past who live asimple,inflexible life dedicated to inconvenient out-dated customs. They are seen as abandoning both modem34 and the American dream of success and progress. But most people have no quarrel with theAmish for doing things the old-fashioned way. Their conscientious objection was tolerated in wartime,for after all, they are good farmers who 35 the virtues of work and thrift.A. accessingB. conveniencesC. destinedD. expandingE. industrializedF. perceivedG. practiceH. processI. progressJ. respectiveK. survivedL. terminalsM. undergoneN. universalO. vanishedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Countries Rush for Upper Hand in Antarctica[A] On a glacier-filled island with fjords (峡湾) and elephant seals, Russia has built Antarctica's firstOrthodox church on a hill overlooking its research base. Less than an hour away by snowmobile,Chinese labourers have updated the Great Wall Station, a vital part of China's plan to operate fivebases on Antarctica, complete with an indoor badminton court and sleeping quarters for 150people. Not to be outdone, India's futuristic new Bharathi base, built on stilts (桩子) using 134interlocking shipping containers, resembles a spaceship. Turkey and Iran have announced plans tobuild bases, too.[B] More than a century has passed since explorers raced to plant their flags at the bottom of theworld, and for decades to come this continent is supposed to be protected as a scientific preserve,shielded from intrusions like military activities and mining. But an array of countries are rushing toassert greater influence here, with an eye not just towards the day those protective treaties expire,but also for the strategic and commercial opportunities that already exist.[C] The newer players are stepping into what they view as a treasure house of resources. Some of theventures focus on the Antarctic resources that are already up for grabs, like abundant sealife.South Korea, which operates state-of-the-art bases here, is increasing its fishing of krill (磷虾),found in abundance in the Southern Ocean, while Russia recently frustrated efforts to create oneof the world's largest ocean sanctuaries here.[D] Some scientists are examining the potential for harvesting icebergs from Antarctica, which isestimated to have the biggest reserves of fresh water on the planet. Nations are also pressingahead with space research and satellite projects to expand their global navigation abilities.[E] Building on a Soviet-era foothold, Russia is expanding its monitoring stations for Glonass, itsversion of the Global Positioning System (GPS). At least three Russian stations are alreadyoperating in Antarctica, part of its effort to challenge the dominance of the American GPS, andnew stations are planned for sites like the Russian base, in the shadow of the Orthodox Church ofthe Holy Trinity.[F] Elsewhere in Antarctica, Russian researchers boast of their recent discovery of a freshwaterreserve the size of Lake Ontario after drilling through miles of solid ice. "You can see that we'rehere to stay," said Vladimir Cheberdak,57, chief of the Bellingshausen Station, as he sipped teaunder a portrait of Fabian Gottlieb yon Bellingshausen, a high-ranking officer in theImperialRussian Navy who explored the Antarctic coast in 1820.[G] Antarctica's mineral, oil and gas wealth are a longer-team prize. The treaty banning mining here,shielding coveted ( 令人垂涎的) reserves of iron ore, coal and chromium, comes up for review in2048. Researchers recently found kimberlite (金伯利岩) deposits hinting at the existence ofdiamonds. And while assessments vary widely, geologists estimate that Antarctica holds at least36 billion barrels of oil and natural gas.[H] Beyond the Antarctic treaties, huge obstacles persist to tapping these resources, like driftingicebergs that could jeopardise offshore platforms. Then there is Antarctica's remoteness, withsome mineral deposits found in windswept locations on a continent that is larger than Europe andwhere winter temperatures hover around minus 55 degrees Celsius.[I] But advances in technology might make Antarctica a lot more accessible three decades from now.And even before then, scholars warn, the demand for resources in an energy-hungry world couldraise pressure to renegotiate Antarctica's treaties, possibly allowing more commercial endeavourshere well before the prohibitions against them expire. The research stations on King George Islandoffer a glimpse into the long game on this ice-blanketed continent as nations assert themselves,eroding the sway long held by countries like the United States, Britain, Australia and NewZealand.[J]Being stationed in Antarctica involves adapting to life on the planet's driest, windiest and coldestcontinent, yet each nation manages to make itself at home. Bearded Russian priests offer regularservices at the Orthodox church for the 16 or so Russian speakers who spend the winter at thebase, largely polar scientists in fields like glaciology and meteorology. Their number climbs toabout 40 in the warmer summer months. China has arguably the fastest-growing operations inAntarctica. It opened its fourth station last year and is pressing ahead with plans to build a fifth. Itis building its second ice-breaking ship and setting up research drilling operations on an ice dome13,422 feet above sea level that is one of the planet's coldest places. Chinese officials say theexpansion in Antarctica prioritises scientific research, but they also acknowledge that concernsabout "resource security" influence their moves.[K] China's newly renovated Great Wall Station on King George Island makes the Russian and Chileanbases here seem outdated. "We do weather monitoring here and other research," Ning Xu,53,the chief of the Chinese base, said over tea during a fierce blizzard (baofengxuE. in late November.The large base he leads resembles a snowed-in college campus on holiday break, with the capacityto sleep more than 10 times the 13 people who were staying on through the Antarctic winter.Yong Yu, a Chinese microbiologist, showed off the spacious building, with empty desks under anillustrated timeline detailing the rapid growth of China's Antarctic operations since the 1980s. "Wenow feel equipped to grow," he said.[L] As some countries expand operations in Antarctica, the United States maintains threeyear-roundstations on the continent with more than 1,000 people during the southern hemisphere's summer,including those at the Amundsen-Scott station, built in 1956 at an elevation of 9,301 feet on aplateau at the South Pole. But US researchers quietly complain about budget restraints and havingfar fewer icebreakers than Russia, limiting the reach of the United States in Antarctica. [M] Scholars warn that Antarctica's political drift could blur the distinction between military andcivilian activities long before the continent's treaties come up for renegotiation, especially in partsof Antarctica that are ideal for intercepting (拦截) signals from satellites or retasking satellitesystems, potentially enhancing global electronic intelligence operations.[N] Some countries have had a hard time here. Brazil opened a research station in 1984, but it waslargely destroyed by a fire that killed two members of the navy in 2012, the same year that adiesel-laden Brazilian barge sank near the base. As if that were not enough, a BrazilianC-130Hercules military transport plane has remained stranded near the runway of Chile's air base heresince it crash-landed in 2014.[O] However, Brazil's stretch of misfortune has created opportunities for China, with a Chinesecompany winning the $100 million contract in 2015 to rebuild the Brazilian station. [P] Amid all the changes, Antarctica maintains its allure. South Korea opened its second Antarcticresearch base in 2014, describing it as a way to test robots developed by Korean researchers foruse in extreme conditions. With Russia's help, Belarus is preparing to build its first Antarcticbase. Colombia said this year that it planned to join other South American nations with bases inAntarctica.[Q] "The old days of the Antarctic being dominated by the interests and wishes of white men fromEuropean, Australasian and North American states are over," said Klaus Dodds, a politics scholarat the University of London who specialises in Antarctica. "The reality is that Antarctica isgeopolitically contested."36. According to Chinese officials, their activities in Antarctica lay greater emphasis on scientificresearch.37. Efforts to create one of the world's largest ocean sanctuaries failed because of Russia's obstruction.38. With several monitoring stations operating in Antarctica, Russia is trying hard to counter America'sdominance in the field of worldwide navigational facilities.39. According to geologists' estimates, Antarctica has enormous reserves of oil and natural gas.40. It is estimated that Antarctica boasts of the richest reserves of fresh water on earth.41. The demand for energy resources may compel renegotiation of Antarctica's treaties before theirexpiration.42. Many countries are racing against each other to increase their business and strategic influence onAntarctica.43. Antarctica's harsh natural conditions constitute huge obstacles to the exploitation of its resources.44. With competition from many countries, Antarctica is no longer dominated by the traditional whitenations.45. American scientists complain about lack of sufficient money and equipment for their expansion inAntarctica.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Any veteran nicotine addict will testify that fancy packaging plays no role in the decision to keepsmoking. So, it is argued, stripping cartons of their branding will trigger no mass movement to quit.But that isn't why the government--under pressure from cancer charities, health workers and theLabour party--has agreed to legislate for standardised packaging. The theory is that smoking should bestripped of any appeal to discourage new generations from starting in the first place. Plain packaging wouldbe another step in the reclassification of cigarettes from inviting consumer products to narcotics (麻醉剂).Naturally, the tobacco industry is violently opposed. No business likes to admit that it sellsaddictive poison as a lifestyle choice. That is why government has historically intervened, banningadvertising, imposing health warnings and punitive ( 惩罚性的) duties. This approach has led overtime to a fall in smoking with numbers having roughly halved since the 1970s. Evidence from Australiasuggests plain packaging pushes society further along that road. Since tobacco is one of the biggestcauses of premature death in the UK, a measure that tames the habit even by a fraction is worth trying.So why has it taken so long? The Department of Health declared its intention to consider the movein November 2010 and consulted through 2012. But the plan was suspended in July 2013. It did notescape notice that a lobbying firm set up by Lynton Crosby, David Cameron's election campaigndirector, had previously acted for Philip Morris International. (The prime minister denied there was aconnection between his new adviser's outside interests and the change in legislative programme.) InNovember 2013, after an unnecessary round of additional consultation, healthminister Jane Ellison saidthe government was minded to proceed after all. Now we are told Members of Parliament (MPs) willhave a free vote before parliament is dissolved in March. Parliament has in fact already authorised the government to tame the tobacco trade. MPs votedoverwhelmingly in favour of Labour amendments to the children and families bill last February thatincluded the power to regulate for plain packaging. With sufficient will in Downing Street this wouldhave been done already. But strength of will is the missing ingredient where Mr. Cameron and publichealth are concerned. His attitude to state intervention has looked confused ever since his bizarre 2006lament (叹惜) that chocolate oranges placed seductively at supermarket checkouts fueled obesity.The government has moved reluctantly into a sensible public health policy, but with such obviousover-cautiousness that any political credit due belongs to the opposition. Without sustained externalpressure it seems certain Mr. Cameron would still be hooked on the interests of big tobacco companies.46. What do chain smokers think of cigarette packaging?A. Fancy packaging can help to engage new smokers.B. It has little to do with the quality or taste of cigarettes.C. Plain packaging discourages non-smokers from taking up smoking.D. It has little impact on their decision whether or not to quit smoking.47. What has the UK government agreed to do concerning tobacco packaging?A. Pass a law to standardise cigarette packaging.B. Rid cigarette cartons of all advertisements.C. Subsidise companies to adopt plain packaging.D. Reclassify cigarettes according to packaging.48. What has happened in Australia where plain packaging is implemented?A. Premature death rates resulting from smoking have declined.B. The number of smokers has dropped more sharply than in the UK.C. The sales of tobacco substitutes have increased considerably.D. Cigarette sales have been falling far more quickly than in the UK.49. Why has it taken so long for the UK government to consider plain packaging?A. Prime Minister Cameron has been reluctant to take action.B. There is strong opposition from veteran nicotine addicts.C. Many Members of Parliament are addicted to smoking.D. Pressure from tobacco manufacturers remains strong.50. What did Cameron say about chocolate oranges at supermarket checkouts?A. They fueled a lot of controversy.B. They attracted a lot of smokers.C. They made more British people obese.D. They had certain ingredients missing.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What a waste of money! In return for an average of ~44,000 of debt, students get an average ofonly 14 hours of lecture and tutorial time a week in Britain. Annual fees have risen from￡1,000 to￡9,000 in the last decade, but contact time at university has barely risen at all. And graduating doesn'teven provide any guarantee of a decent job : six in ten graduates today are in non-graduate jobs.No wonder it has become fashionable to denounce many universities as little more than elaboratecon-tricks (骗术). There's a lot for students to complain about: the repayment threshold for payingback loans will be frozen for five years, meaning that lower-paid graduates have to start repaying theirloans; and maintenance grants have been replaced by loans, meaning that students from poorerbackgrounds face higher debt than those with wealthier parents.Yet it still pays to go to university. If going to university doesn't work out, students payverylittle--if any--of their tuition fees back: you only start repaying when you are earning￡21,000 a year.Almost half of graduates--those who go on to earn less--will have a portion of their debt written off.It's not just the lectures and tutorials that are important. Education is the sum of what students teacheach other in between lectures and seminars. Students do not merely benefit while at university;studies show- they go on to be healthier and happier than non-graduates, and also far more likely tovote.Whatever your talents, it is extraordinarily difficult to get a leading job in most fields withouthaving been to university. Recruiters circle elite universities like vultures (兀鹰). Many top firms willnot even look at applications from those who lack a 2.1, i. e., an upper-second class degree, from anelite university. Students at university also meet those likely to be in leading jobsin the future, formingcontacts for life. This might not be right, but school-leavers who fail to acknowledge as much riskmaking the wrong decision about going to university.Perhaps the reason why so many universities offer their students so little is they know studying at atop university remains a brilliant investment even if you don't learn anything. Studying at universitywill only become less attractive if employers shift their focus away from where someone went touniversity--and there is no sign of that happening anytime soon. Schoololeavers may moan, but theyhave little choice but to embrace university and the student debt that comes with it.51. What is the author's opinion of going to university?A. It is worthwhile after all.B. It is simply a waste of time.C. It is hard to say whether it is good or bad.D. It is too expensive for most young people.52. What does the author say about the employment situation of British university graduates?A. Few of them are satisfied with the jobs they are offered.B. It usually takes a long time for them to find a decent job.C. Graduates from elite universities usually can get decent jobs.D. Most of them take jobs which don't require a college degree.53. What does the author say is important for university students besides classroom instruction?A. Making sure to obtain an upper-second class degree.B. Practical skills they will need in their future careers.C. Interactions among themselves outside the classroom.D. Developing independent and creative thinking abilities.54. What is said to be an advantage of going to university?A. Learning how to take risks in an ever-changing world.B. Meeting people who will be helpful to you in the future.C. Having opportunities of playing a leading role in society.D. Gaining up-to-date knowledge in science and technology.55. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. It is natural for students to make complaints about university education.B. Few students are willing to bear the burden of debt incurred at university.C. University education is becoming attractive to students who can afford it.D. The prestige of the university influences employers' recruitment decisions.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.农业是中国的一个重要产业，从业者超过3亿。
英语六级2016年6月真题及答案
英语六级2016年6月真题及答案【篇一：2016年6月英语六级第3卷真题及答案】ions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on e-learning. tryto imagine what happen when more and more study online instead of attending school. youare required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.section a directions: in this section, you will hear two long conversations. at the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked a), b),c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. a) it is advertising electronic products.b) it is planning to tour east asia.c) it is sponsoring a tv programme. d) it is giving performances in town.2. a) 20,000 pounds.b) 12,000 pounds.c) less than 20,000 pounds. d) less than 12,000 pounds.3. a) a lot of good publicity.b) talented artists to work for it.c) long-term investments. d) a decrease in production costs.4. a) promise long-term cooperation with the company.b) explain frankly their own current financial situation. c) pay for the printing of the performance programme.d) bear the cost of publicising the companys performance.questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. a) he has been seeing doctors and counsellors.b) he has found a new way to train his voice.c) he was caught abusing drugs.d) he might give up concert tours.6. a) singers may become addicted to it.b) it helps singers warm themselves up.c) singers use it to stay away from colds. d) it can do harm to singers vocal chords.7. a) they are eager to become famous. b) many lack professional training.c) few will become successful. d) they live a glamorous life.8. a) harm to singers done by smoky atmospheres. b) side effects of some common drugs.c) voice problems among pop singers. d) hardships experienced by many young singers.section bdirections: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. passage onequestions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. a) it has not been very successful.b) it has long become a new trend. c) it has met with strong resistance.d) it has attracted a lot of users.10. a) it saves time.b) it increases parking capacity. c) it ensures drivers safety.d) it reduces car damage.11. a) collect money and help new users.b) maintain the automated system.c) stay alert to any emergency.d) walk around and guard against car theft.12. a) they will vary with the size of vehicles.b) they will be discountable to regular customers.c) they will be lower than conventional parking.d) they will be reduced if paid in cash.passage twoquestions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13. a) they do not know any solution. b) they do not give up drunk driving.c) they do not behave in public places. d) they do not admit being alcohol addicts.14. a) to stop them from fighting back. b) to thank them for their hospitality.c) to teach them the european lifestyle. d) to relieve their pains and sufferings.15. a) without intervention they will be a headache to the nation. b) with support they can be brought back to a normal life.c) they readily respond to medical treatment. d) they pose a serious threat to social stability.section c directions: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by threeor four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked a),b),c) and d). then mark thecorresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.recording onequestions 16 to 19 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. a) to award them for their hard work. b) to build common views. c) to bring in business projects.d) to vote for action.17. a) recovering from the great recession.b) creating jobs and boosting the economy. c) rewarding innovative businesses.d) launching economic campaigns.18. a) talking over paying off deficit.b) increasing the number of middle class. c) controlling the impact on education.d) planning to reduce energy consumption.19. a) shorten americas way to prosperity.b) be cautious about reducing the deficit.c) increase deficit to cover the revenue.d) require the richest to pay more taxes.recording twoquestions 20 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard. 20. a) they can be redeemed for cash.b) they can be used to reduce meal costs.c) they can be used as membership certificate.d) they can be used to make reservations.21. a) it is free for us to download the app.b) it helps you to be a professional cook.c) it provides advice about making recipes.d) it only rates recipes by popularity.22. a) by showing the weight of 200 kinds of food.b) by providing the price of 200 calories of food.c) by picturing the food of 200 calories with weights. d) by telling people 200 kinds of healthy food.recording threequestions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard. 23. a) about 43 percent of american adults.b) about 18 percent of the whole population. c) about 40 million american adults.d) about a half million people in america.24. a) to set a series of bans on public smoking.b) to set the price of cigarettes properly.c) to package the cigarettes with tips of warning.d) to reduce the production and supply of cigarettes.25. a) the office of the surgeon general.b) the food and drug administration. c) the center for tobacco products.d) the center for disease control and prevention.section adirections: in this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. you are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. read the passage through carefully before making yourchoices. each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. please mark the corresponding letter for each item on ,answer street 2 with a single line through the centre. you may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. the adolescent becomes an adult whenhe26__________ a real job. to cognitive researchers like piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an27__________ . piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal. the28__________ of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become29__________of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. piaget said: true adaptation to society comes30__________ when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. perhaps, taken31__________ out of context, piagets statement seems harsh. what hewas32__________ , however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. some people refer to such modification as maturity. piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.as careers and vocations become less available during times of33__________ , adolescents may be especially hard hit. such difficult economic times may leave manyadolescents34__________ about their roles in society. for this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically __35__ but also help to stimulate the adolescents sense of worth.a. automatically i. incidentallyb. beneficialj. intolerantc. capturingk. occupationd. confused l. promisese. emphasizingm. recessionf. entrance n. slightlyg. excited o. undertakesh. existencesection bdirections: in this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. you may choose a paragraph more than once. each paragraph is marked with a letter. answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2.【篇二：2016年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案和解析(第1套)】directions:for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as peoples daily lives. you are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. section adirections: in this section, you will hear two long conversations. at the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the four choices marked a), b),c) and d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2016年6月英语六级真题及答案解析
2016年6月大英语六级考试真题及答案解析Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The im pact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enhances one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You arerequired to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive resear chers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said:“ True adaptation to society comes_30_when the adolesce nt reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context, Piaget’s statement seems harsh. What he was_32_，however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automatically I)incidentallyB)beneficial J)intolerantC)capturing K)occupationD)confused L)promisesE)emphasizing M)recessionF)entrance N)slightlyG)excited O)undertakesH)existenceSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flourish,if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,” read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word “environment”has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples fromAfrica and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in New found and. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the human economy”,and found t hat we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous.“In t he developing countries,” it says,” most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily;” In the industrialized countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialization and technological development,” it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmentalimprovements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food. They also, however, use far more natural resources-fuel, water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country’s wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poor parts of the world.[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,” says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recordershas caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,” many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,” says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. Bright Line it, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. Bosky, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a” lean back” medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of thenovelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying” It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree:there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s w ork to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are “structural,” and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is “unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a l arge defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those “unadoptable and untrained” workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’ slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’ benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
2016年6月英语六级真题及答案解析
2016年6月英语六级真题及答案解析2016年6月大英语六级考试真题及答案解析Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A)Project organizerB)Public relations officer.C)Marketing manager.D)Market research consultant.2.A)Quantitative advertising research.B)Questionnaire design.C)Research methodology.D)Interviewer training.3.A)They are intensive studies of people’s spending habits.B)They examine relations between producers and customers.C)They look for new and effective ways to promote products.D)They study trends or customer satisfaction over a long period.4.A)The lack of promotion opportunity.B)Checking charts and tables.C)Designing questionnaires.D)The persistent intensity.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)His view on Canadian universities.B)His understanding of higher education.C)His suggestions for improvements in higher education.D)His complaint about bureaucracy in American universities.6.A)It is well designed.B)It is rather inflexible.C)It varies among universities.D)It has undergone great changes.7.A)The United States and Canada can learn from each other.B)Public universities are often superior to private universities.C)Everyone should be given equal access to higher education.D)Private schools work more efficiently than public institutions.8.A) University systems vary from country to country.B)Efficiency is essential to university management.C) It is hard to say which is better, a public university or a private one.D) Many private university in the U.S. Are actually large bureaucracies.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Government’s role in resolving an economic crisis.B) The worsening real wage situation around the world.C) Indications of economic recovery in the United States.D) The impact of the current economic crisis on people’s life.10.A)They will feel less pressure to raise employees’ wages.B) They will feel free to choose the most suitable employees.C) They will feel inclined to expand their business operations.D) They will feel more confident in competing with their rivals.11.A) Employees and companies cooperate to pull through the economic crisis.B) Government and companies join hands to create hobs for the unemployed.C) Employees work shorter hours to avoid layoffs.D) Team work will be encouraged in companies.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A) Whether memory supplements work.B) Whether herbal medicine works wonders.C) Whether exercise enha nces one’s memory.D) Whether a magic memory promises success.13.A) They help the elderly more than the young.B) They are beneficial in one way or another.C) They generally do not have side effects.D) They are not based on real science.14.A)They are available at most country fairs.B)They are taken in relatively high dosage.C)They are collected or grown by farmers.D)They are prescribed by trained practitioners.15.A)They have often proved to be as helpful as doing mental exercise.B)Taking them with other medications might entail unnecessary risks.C)Their effect lasts only a short time.D)Many have benefited from them.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A)How catastrophic natural disasters turn out to be to developing nations.B)How the World Meteorological Organization studies natural disasters.C)How powerless humans appear to be in face of natural disasters.D)How the negative impacts of natural disasters can be reduced.17.A)By training rescue teams for emergencies.B)By taking steps to prepare people for them.C)By changing people’s views of nature.D)By relocating people to safer places.18.A)How preventive action can reduce the loss of life.B)How courageous Cubans are in face of disasters.C)How Cubans suffer from tropical storms.D)How destructive tropical storms can be.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A)Pay back their loans to the American government.B)Provide loans to those in severe financial difficulty.C)Contribute more to the goal of a wider recovery.D)Speed up their recovery from the housing bubble.20.A)Some banks may have to merge with others.B)Many smaller regional banks are going to fail.C)It will be hard for banks to provide more loans.D)Many banks will have to lay off some employees.21.A)It will work closely with the government.B)It will endeavor to write off bad loans.C)It will try to lower the interest rate.D)It will try to provide more loans.22.A)It won’t help the American economy to turn around.B)It won’t do any good to the major commercial banks.C)It will win the approval of the Obama administration.D)It will be necessary if the economy starts to shrink again.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A)Being unable to learn new things.B)Being rather slow to make changes.C)Losing temper more and more often.D)Losing the ability to get on with others.24.A)Cognitive stimulation.B)Community activity.C)Balanced diet.D)Fresh air.25.A)Ignoring the signs and symptoms of aging.B)Adopting an optimistic attitude towards life.C)Endeavoring to give up unhealthy lifestyles.D)Seeking advice from doctors from time to time.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development.“The adolescent becomes an adult when he_26_a real job.”To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an_27_.Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to form hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal.The_28_of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become _29_ of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said:“True adaptation to society co mes_30_when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work.”Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give updreams.Perhaps,taken_31_out of context, Piaget’s statement seems harsh.What he was_32_，however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways to modify idealized views and to mature.As careers and vocations become less available during times of _33_,adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents_34_about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically_35_but also help to stimulate the adolescent’s sense of worth.A)automatically I)incidentallyB)beneficial J)intolerantC)capturing K)occupationD)confused L)promisesE)emphasizing M)recessionF)entrance N)slightlyG)excited O)undertakesH)existenceSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can societies be rich and green?[A]“If our economies are to flouri sh, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if the well-being of the world’s people enhanced—not just in this generation but in succeeding generations—we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends.”That statement comes not,as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(环保主义者),but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the world’s most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972,and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.[C]“The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issuewhich affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughout the world,”read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups—many for conferences such as this year’s Millennium Goals review—and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word “environment”has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth—such as the oil deposits—that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystems sustainably—working with nature rather than against it—might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.[H]And the World Resources Institute(WRI)in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term—which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Banks fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鳕鱼)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40,000 people, sustaining entire communities in New found and. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem re-building itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and theonce mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seed of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planet’s environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this“ecological overshoot of the hum an economy”, and found that we are using 1.2 Earth’s-worth of environmental goods and services—the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services—the things which the planet does for us for free—will grind to a halt.[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fall, is hard to determine with any precision—which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain that environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priority is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declar ation is ambiguous.“In the developing countries,” it says,” most of the environmental problems are caused by under-development.”So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessarily;” In the industrialized countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialization and technological development,” it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. It’s simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food. They also, however, use far more natural resources-fuel, water(all those baths and golf courses)and building materials.[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a country’s w ealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have re-leased up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primarily in poorparts of the world.[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.36.Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.37.Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.38.It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.39.The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.40.Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.41.It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generates more profits than exploiting the natural environment.42.Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.43.A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.44.Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations’ economic development.45.One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Aniston’s with a few taps on their remote control.“It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,” says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling outinteractive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates—especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,” many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,” says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭剂)，which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. Bright Line it, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. Bosky, Britain’s biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a” lean back” medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far(around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying” It’s been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”(Lines 4-5, Para.1)?A)Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B)Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.C)Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D)Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the public’s response to Cablevision’s planned interactive TV advertising program?A)Pretty positive.B)Totally indifferent.C)Somewhat doubtful.D)Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A)It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B)It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C)It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D)It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilever’s interactive campaign?A)It proves the advantage of TV advertising.B)It has done well in engaging the viewers.C)It helps attract investments in the company.D)it has boosted the TV advertising industry.50.How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?A)They may be due to the novel way of advertising.B)They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.C)They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.D)They indicate the future direction of media reform.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: there’re no quick or easy answers. There’s work to be done, but workers aren’t ready to do it—they’re in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills, Our problems are “structural,” and will take many years to solve.But don’t bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isn’t any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. saying that there’re no easy answers sounds wise. But it’s actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursing real solutions.The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states. With a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that we’re mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment—in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problemdeeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.I’ve been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is “unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer.”A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economy’s needs—and suddenly industry was eager to employ those “unadoptable and untrained” workers.But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling out economy and our society.So what you need to know is that there’s no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We aren’t suffering from a shortage of needed skills, We’re suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t a real problem, it’s an excuse—a reason not to act on America’s problems at a time when action is desperately needed.51.What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?A)Corporate mismanagement.B)Insufficient demand.C)Technological advances.D)Workers’ slow adaptation.52.What does the author think of the experts’ claim concerning unemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.D)Groundless.53.What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?A)The booming defense industry.B)The wise heads’ benefit package.C)Nationwide training of workers.D)Thorough restructuring of industries.54.What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?A)Powerful opposition to government’s stimulus efforts.B)Very Serious People’s attempt to cripple the economy.C)Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.D)Economists’ failure to detect the problems in time.55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A)To testify to the experts’ analysis of America’s problems.B)To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.C)To show the urgent need for the government to take action.D)To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
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16春六级资料Topic 1 文化概述在中国五千年的文明史上，中国人有无数的发明和创造，如汉字、中医、丝绸、瓷器(porcelain)、指南针、造纸术、印刷术和火药(gunpowder)。
这些独特的发明和创造是中国人对世界文明的伟大贡献，证明中华民族是一个富于原创性的民族。
与此同时，中国人又有一种开放的胸怀，欢迎远方来的朋友，并以极高的热情吸收和包容外来的文化。
大唐盛世和明代郑和七下西洋都表明，中华文明具有开放性和包容性。
Over a history of 5 000 years, Chinese people have produced numerous inventions. These unique inventions, including Chinese characters, traditional Chinese medicine, silk, porcelain, compass, papermaking, printing and gunpowder, are significant contributions Chinese made to the globalcivilization, proving that the Chinese nation is full of creativity. In the meanwhile, the Chinese people have always kept an open mind toward foreign friends and absorbed foreign cultures with great enthusiasm. Both the prosperity of Tang Dynasty and Zheng He’s seven long voyages to the West Seas in Ming Dynasty demonstrate the openness and inclusiveness of Chinese culture. Topic 2 四大发明说到中国古代的科技文明，就不能不说四大发明。
人们普遍认为，指南针、火药(gunpowder)、造纸术和印刷术的发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用；并且，这些发明经各种途径传至西方，也影响着世界的文明进程。
从历史发展的角度来看，中国古代的四大发明是为人类社会生活带来革命性变化的科学发明，这是中国人对世界文明的伟大贡献。
中国的四大发明在人类科学文化史上留下了灿烂的一页，推动了人类历史的前进。
When it comes to science and technology in ancient China, the Four Great Inventions, including compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing, should always be discussed. It is commonly believed that the Four Great Inventions have promoted the development of politics, economy and culture of ancient China dramatically; moreover, these inventions have a great impact on the civilization of the world since they have been introduced into the Western world in various ways. From the perspective of historical development, the Four Great Inventions of ancient China are scientific inventions that bring revolutionary changes to the social life of human beings, which are great contributions Chinese made to the civilization of the world. The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are brilliant in the history of human science and cultureand promote the progress of human history. Topic 3 长城说到中国文化，不得不提到长城。
从公元前7世纪到公元16世纪，在大约2 200 年的时间里，先后有19个朝代修建过长城，所修的长城累计有10万千米以上。
主要的长城修建工程是在秦代、汉代和明代。
现今存有遗迹的主要是明长城，从东边人海口的山海关( Shanhai Pass)开始，一直到沙漠深处的嘉峪关(Jiayu Pass)，全长6 700 千米。
长城是世界历史上最伟大的工程，其建造时间之长、参与人数之多、工程难度之大，在世界上无出其右。
When it comes to Chinese culture, the Great Wall is the one that will be definitely referred to. From the 7th century BC to the 16th century, through about 2 200 years, the Great Wall was built in 19 dynasties and reached a length of more than 100 000 kilometers. Major construction was carried out in Qin, Han and Ming Dynasties. The Great Wall wevisit nowadays is mainly the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty, stretching 6 700 kilometers from Shanhai Pass on the eastern seashore to Jiayu Pass in the depth of desert. The Great Wall is the greatest project in the history of the world for its unparalleled span of construction, number of labors and difficulty.Topic 4 移民现象现在，很多人选择在国外生活，这引起了人们极大的关注。
越来越多的人，特别是大量知识分子(intellectual)，移民到美国、英国和加拿大等发达国家。
并且，很多在国外学习和工作的人都在为“绿卡”而奋斗。
造成这种现象的原因有很多，其中，追求高质量的生活是关键。
再者，这些人中大多数人移居国外是想让孩子在那儿接受良好的教育。
此外，一些人只是想体验他们所喜欢的异域文化。
以上这些就是造成他们决定移居他国的原因。
Nowadays many people choose to live in a foreign country, which has aroused greatconcern. More and more people, especially plenty of intellectuals, migrate to some developed countries, such as America, Britain and Canada. In addition, there are still many people studying and working in foreign countries struggling for green cards. There are many reasons accounting for this phenomenon. Among all these factors, pursuing high-quality life plays a critical role. Moreover, most of them migrate to some foreign countries with a view to making their children Receive good education there. Besides, some people just want to experience the foreign culture they like. All these above factors contribute to their choice to migrate to another country.Topic 5 中国汉字近年来，随着经济的快速增长，中国的国际影响力提升了，世界上学汉字的人也多了起来。
这套独特的符号系统积淀了丰富的历史文化内容，西方人在学汉字的过程中甚至能体会到这个东方民族的微妙心灵。
如今在中国，汉字也越来越受到人们的重视。
人们发现，这一文字符号包含着丰富的文化内涵和审美意蕴，在科技飞速发展的今天，反而越来越显示出它的光彩。
古老的文字在现代的文化生活中焕发出新的魅力。
With its rapid economic development in recent years, China’s international influence has greatly increased, so the number of Chinese character learners across the world has been on the rise. This unique symbol system accumulates the rich historical and cultural content in it. When Western people learn Chinese characters, they may even understand the delicate thoughts of this oriental nation. Nowadays, great importance is attached to Chinese characters in China. It is found that the glamour of these character symbols with rich cultural and aesthetic connotation is greatly shown especially in the currentsociety with rapid scientific development. These ancient characters are revitalized in modern civilization. Topic 6 郑和下西洋公元1405 年7月11日，地球蓝色的海洋上出现了一支庞大的船队，前后有208 艘船，这是有史以来最大的一支船队，船上所载的各类人员有27 500多人，也是有史以来最多的航海人员。