高中英语 小题狂刷18 Unit 4 Learning about Language Using L

小题狂刷18 Unit 4 Learning about Language Using Language Grammar Writing
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. There is a (趋势) towards regional cooperation.
2. The graph shows the (平均的) temperature of April.
3. It is a happy marriage on the w .
4. In no c can you leave your position. That is you must stick to your position.
5. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his c to Quantum Theory.
6. There are some d whether the disease is curable.
【答案】
1. tendency
2. average
3. whole
4. circumstances
5. contributions
6. disagreements
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1．But it is a rapid increase when ________ ________ other natural changes.(compare) 但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增加。

2．Would you like to ________ ________ ________ ________ the hospital rebuilding fund？(contribution)
你愿为医院重建基金捐款吗？
3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， we have to obey.(long) 既然你已经决定了，我们就得执行。

4．I ________ ________ ________ ________ make mistakes when I'm tired.(tend) 我累了就容易出错。

5．I'd prefer to go abroad now, ________ ________.
如有可能，我宁愿现在出国。

6．Under no circumstances ________ ________ ________ Mary money.(lend)
你无论如何都不能把钱借给玛丽。

7．Faced with the difficult situation, he is at a loss ________ ________ ________ ________.(what) 面对困境，他不知道下一步做什么。

8．They never give up when in trouble and hold the firm belief ________ ________ ________ ________ hard
work.
在困难面前，他们从不放弃并坚信成功来自于努力工作。

9．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ to make a new machine.
制造一台新机器将花很长时间。

10．Changing schools ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ my life.
转学对我的一生有着重大影响。

【答案】
Ⅲ. 按要求改写下列各句
1．The car accident happened in this street yesterday.(强调地点状语)
________________________________________________________________________
2．He left his hometown for Taiwan in his teens.(强调时间状语)
________________________________________________________________________
3．It was he who broke the window.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________________________
4．I found a key in his pocket.(强调宾语)
________________________________________________________________________
5．They could not cross the river because the water had risen.(强调原因状语)
________________________________________________________________________
6．Where did he buy the bike？(强调特殊疑问词where)
________________________________________________________________________
7．It is the letter that you got yesterday that makes you so sad.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________________________
8．Mike and Mary helped the old man several days ago.(强调主语)
________________________________________________________________________
9．I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.(强调until
引导的时间状语从句)
______________________________I realized she was a famous film star.
10．Why did he come late for the meeting？(强调why)
__________________________he came late for the meeting?
11．Where did the 44th World Table Tennis Championship take place？(强调where)
______________________________the 44th World Table Tennis Championship took place?
12. Did they clean the classroom yesterday？(强调they)
______________________________cleaned the classroom yesterday?
【答案】
Ⅳ. 单句改错
1. It was only when I reread his poems recently so I began to appreciate their beauty.
2. It was in Qingdao where I saw the sea for the first time.
3. It was because the bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
4. It is I who is going to be sent there to help them.
5. It was her that told me about it.
6. It is I who the teacher has punished.
7. It is no possibility that Bob can win first prize in the match.
【答案】
1. so→that
2. where→that
3. because之后加of
4. 第二个is→am
5. her→she
6. I→me
7. It→There
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）
A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container — perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube,
and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.
1. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?
A. It’s delicate.
B. It’s expensive.
C. It’s complex. .
D. It’s portable.
2. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The tube.
B. The still.
C. The hole.
D. The cup.
3. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?
A. Dig a hole of a certain size.
B. Put the cup in place.
C. Weight the sheet’s center down.
D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
4. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .
A. the plastic tube
B. outside the hole
C. the open air
D. beneath the sheet
B
Its most keen advocates say that global warming is gradually ruining our parts of our planet. But the effects of the phenomenon might be felt more positively a little closer to home, after scientists claimed that it would make flowers smell sweeter.
Some flowers could give out a smell that is nine times more fragrant than they currently produce, according to a report. It says that a temperature increase of between 1℃ and 5℃ will vastly increase the ability of flowers to produce their sweet smells.
The study suggests that plants are able to produce more terpenes (萜烯) —the chemicals that give them their smells — in hotter conditions. Despite the environmental risk linked to climate change, the effect on flowers could also help bee populations as the stronger smells make flowers easier to find and pollinate. It also found that the effect could be more significant in cooler countries such as the UK and would have a strong impact on fruit trees.
The findings come as the unseasonably warm autumn weather this year has led to reports that plants are being "tricked" into blooming early. Zxx&k
Guy Barter described the findings as interesting and said it could have a significant effect
on lightly scented flowers. "We think about climate change in terms of rising temperatures and sea levels, but there are more delicate potential effects which we have not thought about," he said.
Last year, experts warned the average global temperature had risen by 0.5℃ in 50 years. They predicted temperatures will increase by 3℃ over the next century, causing a rise in sea levels, flooding, disease outbreaks and mass migration of refugees (难民).
The researchers looked at a variety of plants. In the paper the researchers said, "The species with the highest increases in emissions were those with the lowest fragrance rates. The increases calculated for floral terpene emissions show that very significant increases in the amount of floral scents will likely occur in a warmer world. The rates of floral terpene emission by the end of the century could increase 0.34—9.1 times because of a 5℃ increase in the average maximum temperature during the flowering peak of the season."
5. We can infer from the text that in England .
A. plants bore more fruits in autumn this year
B. the seasons wer en’t in order this whole year
C. the autumn of this year was a little cooler
D. plants began to produce flowers early in autumn this year
6. What Barter said indicates that .
A. every coin has two sides
B. a miss is as good as a mile
C. don’t claim to know what you don’t know
D. don’t put the cart before the horse
7. The last paragraph implies that in hotter conditions .
A. plants will have the lowest fragrance rates
B. plants will send more sweeter chemicals
C. plants will suffer the rising temperature
D. plants will finish their flowering peak soon
8. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. Will plants produce more chemicals in the future?
B. Is it easier to find sweeter flowers everywhere?
C. Could global warming make flowers smell sweeter?
D. Do flowers smell stronger in the cold temperature?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

全球变暖带来的海平面上升、生物链断裂、飓风、海啸等危害数不
胜数,但令人意想不到的是,它可能还有好的一面。

Ⅱ. 完形填空
The Amazon rainforest is so important that it’s frequently dubbed(把……称为) the "lungs of the planet". Scientists have found a small number of tree species that are doing the heaviest 1 as they help to 2 global warming.
Their discovery that 182 species 3 half the rainforest’s woodbound carbon suggests that the future of the world’s climate, and the lines of its coastal areas are 4 with the fate of this small part of about 16,000 Amazonian tree species.
Despite ongoing logging (伐木工作)and recent drought, the Amazon is 5 to perhaps a sixth of the carbon stored in living plants the world over, helping to keep 6 of climate-changing carbon dioxide 7 in the atmosphere.
"The Amazon is a particularly important carbon stock, and it’s currently 8 a carbon sink," Sophie Fauset said. "What we’re trying to do is to increase our understanding of 9 this carbon is going; which trees are storing it."
"There are a few species that seem to grow 10 and those are the huge ones you’d want to
emphasize in the 11 of the forest," said professor John Battles. "If you were managing to protect these forests, you would leave these trees."
One of the most carbon-hungry types of trees 12 in the study was the Brazil nut tree, which grows 13 that can easily go beyond a height of 100 feet. 14 total growth and productivity they ranked fourth overall, and they were found to 15 1.3 percent o f the forest’s carbon.
"Given the huge biological diversity of tropical forests, 16 cycling would be more equally distributed among plant species," Rosie Fisher said. "This 17 overturns the originally imagined pattern."
Fisher said she would be " 18 to suggest the most obvious idea that we could store lots of carbon by planting these very large species". Because so little is known about how 19 they are to the types of droughts and fires that are 20 to become more common in the future, nor whether they would thrive(茁壮成长) in managed forests.
1. A. sweating B. sleeping C. breathing D. crying
2. A. slow B. expand C. worsen D. strengthen
3. A. consume B. store C. waste D. produce
4. A. filled B. supplied C. presented D. connected
5. A. home B. center C. habitat D. heart
6. A. stages B. points C. qualities D. levels
7. A. away B. down C. off D. out
8. A. getting to B. referring to C. resulting in D. acting as
9. A. where B. how C. when D. why
10. A. fast B. weak C. big D. deep
11. A. visit B. protection C. beauty D. function
12. A. preserved B. planted C. created D. identified
13. A. trunks B. roots C. branches D. leaves
14. A. In terms of B. As a result of C. In need of D. In view of
15. A. remove B. squeeze C. contain D. change
16. A. air B. carbon C. vapor D. temperature
17. A. diversity B. climate C. species D. discovery
18. A. eager B. content C. hesitant D. brave
19. A. obvious B. beneficial C. suitable D. sensitive
20. A. supposed B. suspected C. limited D. intended
【语篇解读】亚马逊雨林被称为地球的肺,它对全球气候有着重大的影响。

本文主要介绍了亚马逊雨林对于全球性的二氧化碳以及全球变暖的影响。

7. B 参见上题解析。

keep sth. down"使保持在低水平,抑制某事物的增长"。

8. D 结合空格前面的"The Amazon is a particularly important carbon stock"可知,亚马逊雨林充当着(acting as)一个二氧化碳的沉积池。

9. A 根据语境可知,科学家们正在努力了解这些二氧化碳去了哪儿。

10. C 结合空格后面的"the huge ones"可知,有些树木长得高大。

11. B 根据空格后面的"If you were managing to protect these forests"可知,这里指的是保护森林。

12. D 结合第一段中的"Scientists have found a small number of tree species"可知,这里指研究中那些经过辨别的树种。

Ⅲ. 七选五型阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Think about what you’ve learned from a particular rumor experience, and let it help you make sure it never happens again. Here are a few tips that will help you.
1
The more private information that you make public, the more ammunition(把柄) rumors will have, so be careful who you confide in(向……吐露).
Try to understand where it’s coming from, and why.
Is the rumor meant to hurt you, or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration? It’s important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2
Resist the urge to dish it out.
Have you heard the saying "Someone can dish it out, b ut he or she can’t take it"? 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others, you might become a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine.
Resist the urge to take revenge.
If you’ve been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who start ed spreading them, you
might want to go "an eye for an eye". 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time. But in the end, it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5
A. Be cautious about making friends.
B. Be careful about your private information.
C. Try to persuade more people to be on your side.
D. So if you can, figure out how the rumor occurs.
E. In other words, don’t be the person to spread rumors.
F. It’s tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts ot hers.
G. And make you as much of a bully(恃强凌弱者) as any other rumor starter.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文,讲述的是如何正确应对谣言。

Ⅳ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I just come back from Britain last week. I was luckily enough to be one of the student from different countries to visit the UK from Feb. 16 to 28. We paid a visit to many places, like London, Oxford or the Lake District. I learned much about British culture and history in London, where was my favorite. I also liked Oxford, in which I saw much more old buildings. The Lake District was beautiful, but it was pity that it rained heavily when they were there. The most excited thing for me in the Britain was that I made a lot of friends there.
I just back from Britain last week. I was enough to be one of the from different countries to visit the UK from Feb. 16 to 28. We paid a visit to many places, like London,
Oxford the Lake District. I learned much about British culture and history in London,
was my favorite. I also liked Oxford, in which I saw more old buildings. The Lake District was beautiful, but it was pity that it rained heavily when were there. The most
thing for me in the Britain was that I made a lot of friends there.
解析：
Ⅴ. 书面表达
假如你是李华，正在一所美国学校学习英文。

你对学校的周末音乐俱乐部(Music Club at Weekend)很感兴
趣，决定申请加入。

现给该俱乐部负责人写一封信，内容如下：
1. 表示有意加入；
2. 介绍音乐特长；
3. 说明性格优势；
4. 期待答复。

注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结束语已写好，不计入总次数。

Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Hua, a Chinese student taking the English course at our school. ____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a Chinese student taking the English course at our school. I'm interested in Music
Club at weekend and I'd like to join it if possible. I'm good at playing the piano. I have been
playing the piano for more than 14 years and I once won the third place in a nation-wide piano
playing competition. Also I can sing Chinese folk songs very well. As for my personalities, I
think I'm open-minded, friendly and easy-going, and above all, I really enjoy making friends with
people from all around the world. I would be very happy if I can be admitted into the club!
Looking forward to your reply!
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
1.（2017·江苏）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve
worldwide starvation.
A. which
B. it’s
C. whose
D. whom
【答案】C
2.（2017·天津）We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard.
A. On average
B. At best
C. in return
D. After all
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。

A.
平均起来，一般说来；B. 最多，充其量；C. 作为汇报；D. 毕竟，终究。

根据句意故选C。

3.（2015·重庆）Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃___________ the average.
A. below
B. on
C. at
D. above
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查介词短语的搭配，below the average ＂在平均值之下＂，above the average ＂在平均值之上＂，根据句意可知＂去年是有记录以来最暖和的一年＂故选D。

average与on, at的正确搭配应为on average, at the average of。

4.（2014·湖北）When Richard said, ＂You are much more agreeable and prettier now,＂Joan’s face
turned red at the unexpected ___________.
A. command
B. comparison
C. compliment
D. contribution 【答案】C
【解析】compliment的意思是＂恭维＂。

译文：当理查德说：＂你现在更友善和漂亮＂时，简因为这意外的恭维而脸红。

干扰项是B项。

要看话语的意图，不能停留在形式上。

5. （2017﹒天津）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who
B. where
C. which
D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。

根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。

故选D。

6.（2016﹒天津卷）You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel __________ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。

大客车是在旅店接送游客的。

使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。

故选D。

7.（2015·湖南卷）It was when we were returning home __________ I realized what a good feeling
it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. how
【答案】B
8.（2015·重庆卷）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century __________ his
musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while
B. though
C. that
D. after
【答案】C
【解析】句意：Bach死于1750年，但直到19世纪他的音乐天赋才被承认。

这里是对not...until结构的强调，结构为It is/was not until...that...，故选C项。

9.（2014·四川卷）Was it because Jack came late for school __________ Mr Smith got angry?
A. why
B. who
C. where
D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：是因为杰克上学迟到史密斯先生才生气的吗？去掉it was和空处后本句意思完整，不缺少成分，由此判断本句是强调句型，被强调部分是because引导的状语从句，故选D。

10.（2014·福建卷）It was the culture, rather than the language, __________ made it hard for him
to adapt to the new environment abroad.
A. where
B. why
C. that
D. what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：是文化，而不是语言，使得他很难适应国外的新环境。

这个句子中含有it was，首先要考虑所给题目是不是一个强调句。

把It was和空处去掉后，发现句意仍然完整清楚，所以说这里是强调句，要用that，故选C。

11.（2014·湖南卷）It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do __________ makes life happy.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
【答案】A。