董亚芬大学英语精读（第三版）第1册教案Unit2解析

董亚芬⼤学英语精读（第三版）第1册教案Unit2解析
Unit 2 Sailing Round the World
Ⅰ.Lead-in
Many people have travelled round the world, but no one else has done it the way Sir Francis Chichester did. A British adventurer, he travelled round the world alone in a small yacht called “Gipsy MothⅣ”in spite of the fact that he had lung cancer. This text tells us briefly what happened to him on his voyage, one of the greatest seafaring exploits of all time.
Ⅱ. New words
1. single-handed: adj. & adv. (done) by one person alone
Example: Mary accomplished the task by her single-handed efforts.
The job cannot be done single-handed. 这个⼯作⽆法由⼀个⼈独⾃完成。

★这是⼀种以形容词或形容词短语⽤作状语的语法现象，其作⽤类似⾮限定性定语从句，表⽰某种增补的意义。

它们通常⽤来说明主语的状况，例如：
The man opened the letter, nervous.
The sun rises in the east, red.
The soldier fell down, dead.
但它们也可⽤来说明宾语的状况，如
He writes his characters large
We drink it hot.
She pushed the door open.
2. solo: single-handed [△chorus:合唱]
[助记]sole solo
●Love is a chord in life, not a solo.(Beethoven) 爱是⼈⽣的和弦，⽽不是孤单的独奏曲。

（贝多芬）
3. lung: n.
Example: Smoking can cause lung cancer.
At the top of one’ s lungs⽤最⼤声⾳
Collection: heart(⼼) liver(肝) kidney(肾) spleen(脾) stomach(胃)
4. determined: adj. with one’s mind firmly made up
be determined to do / about doing sth: have a strong will to (do)
Example::He is determined about giving up smoking.
Columbus was determined to prove that India could be reached by sailing west.
★be determined to do sth. & make up one’s mind to do sth.
be determined to do sth. 侧重某⼈的决⼼。

make up one’s mind to do sth. 则强调某⼈打定主意，不再动摇。

Example: At last we made up our minds to tell her the truth.
★determine; decide
Determine决⼼⼤，意志坚决，任何时候都不动摇。

Example: Mr. Black determined to maintain his position at all costs.
Decide表⽰经过考虑在⼏种可能中做出选择的决定。

Example: He decided to go on Monday instead of Tuesday.
5. retire: vi.【re-(back)+tire(累):（累回）家中】stop working at one’s job.
1) give up one’s job because of old age
Example: He thinks it lucky to retire at full salary. 虽然已近65岁，马莉还不想退休。

2) go away; withdraw
Example: The soldiers had retired 25 miles from the frontier.
3) go to bed
Example: I have a habit of retiring early and getting up early.
6. voyage:
n. a long journey (by sea, by land or through outer space)
Example: The sailor will make a voyage to Austrilia.
vi. go on a (sea) journey; sail
Example: Sir Frances Drake was the first man who voyaged around the world.
★voyage, journey, travel & trip
①voyage在现代英语中通常指较长距离的⽔上航⾏，但也可指空中航⾏。

Example: In those days, the voyage to Australia was long and dangerous.
②journey是⽐较正式的⽤语，通常指陆地上的远⾏，没有回到原出发地的含义。

Example:At first I was afraid the long journey would be too much for her.
起初我担⼼她受不了长距离的旅⾏。

③travel的单数形式泛指旅⾏这⼀⾏为或过程，⽽要表⽰某次具体的旅⾏时，通常⽤复数，⽽且通常指到远⽅作长时间的旅⾏。

Example: Her interests are politics, music, and travel.
④trip通常指较短距离的旅⾏，但在较通俗、随便的⽤法中可代替journey。

Example: Did you enjoy your trip to Shanghai? Collection:
Maiden voyage 处⼥航，⾸航
Arduous voyage 艰难航⾏
Go on/ make/ take a voyage to 去......的旅⾏
Be on a voyage 在旅途中
7. crew: n. group of people who work together on a ship or airplane
Collection: personnel全体⼈员, ⽤做复数
crew(全体船员) / staff(全体职员) / faculty(全体教员) ⽤做单数或复数
★类同family，当作⼀个整体看⽤单数，当作各成员看⽤复数
Example: The plane had a crew of 25. 那班飞机有25名机务⼈员。

The crew were busy preparing. 机务⼈员正忙着准备呢。

8. steer: vt. make (a boat or road vehicle) go in a particular direction
Example: He steered the ship carefully between the rocks. 他⼩⼼的在礁⽯间驾驶船只。

steer clear of 绕开，避开Example: The speech steered clear of controversial issues. 演说回避了有争议的问题。

★drive/ steer
When you are in control of a car, you drive it. When you direct its course, you steer it. She got into a car and drove home. She steered the car carefully through the narrow gap.
英语中“⽅向盘”的说法是“steer wheel”，⽽不是“driving wheel”
9. gale: very strong wind
Collection: breeze(微风) gale(强风) storm(暴风) gust(阵风) hurricane(飓风) typhoon(台风)
10. cover: vt.
1) pass over or travel (a certain distance)
Example: They were hoping to cover 40 miles yesterday.
2) place or spread sth. upon, over, or in front of (sth.)
Example: The floods covered thousands of towns.
3) hide; protect
Example: He laughed loudly to cover his fear.
11.previously: adv. before the present time or the time referred to
Example: I had posted the letter two months previously. 两个⽉前，我就把信寄出了。

12.dissuade: 【dis-(否定)+suade(劝说)；劝说不要去做→】prevent sb from doing sth
对⽐：persuade v. persuasion n. persuasive adj. [per-: thoroughly] dissuade v. dissuasion n. dissuasive adj. [dis-: not]
Tom tried to dissuade me from joining the club.
Tom tried to dissuade me out of joining the club.
13. fortunately: adv. luckily
Example: Fortunately, there was no one in the office when the fire started.
14. contact：
vt. get in touch with
Example: Do you often contact your former classmates?
n. state of touching or communication
Example: After he entered the university, he came into contact with many new ideas. Collection:
Come into contact with 接触到
Make/ establish contact with 与......取得联系
Be out of / break off/ lose contact with 与......失去联系
Be / get / stay in contact with 与......保持联系
15.nearby：
adv. close by
Example: I noticed a policeman standing nearby.
adj. near; within a short distance
Example: We stopped at some nearby shops to buy some food.
16.drag / draw / pull
Drag拖得重，动作慢
Draw动作从容
Pull 指⼀时或突然的动作。

18.accomplish: vt.
All motivation is self-motivation. Your family, your boss or your coworkers can try to get your engine going, but until you decide what to accomplish, nothing will happen.所有的激励都是
⾃励。

家⼈，⽼板，同时可以尽量让你的引擎转动，但除⾮你⾃⼰决定要完成些什么，
否则也不会发⽣。

★accomplish / complete / achieve
①accomplish means succeed in doing something difficult.
Example: Think of all the things you have accomplished already!
②complete means finish doing or make something.
Example: It took a year to complete the building work.
③achieve means succeed in doing sth good or getting the result you wanted, after trying hard for a long time. Example: Britain has achieved the highest rate of economic growth in Europe this year. Collection:
Accomplish a mission 完成⼀次使命
Accomplish a task 完成⼀项任务
Accomplish one’s goal/ purpose 实现⽬标
Accomplish one’s plan 实现计划
Accomplish one’s promise 实现诺⾔
19.conquer：v.
Example: Human can conquer nature.
★conquer / overcome
①conquer多⽀借助⽆⼒或战争击败其他事物，使之处于控制之中。

Example: The Normans conquered England in 1066.
②overcome强调经过艰苦的⽃争，排除障碍⽽取得的胜利。

多⽤于克服精神⽅⾯的东西。

Example: He overcame a strong temptation to run away.他顶住了要逃跑的强烈诱惑。

20. set off :
1) begin a journey; start
Example: I'll set off early to avoid the traffic.
2) cause (sth.) to explode
Example: It’s the custom for Chinese people to set off fireworks during the Spring Festival. Collection:
Set off for holidays 出发去度假
Set off for a place 动⾝去某地
21. all by oneself: completely alone; without any help
Example: You can't go home all by yourself in the dark.
22. in spite of: regardless of
Example: Jack went to school in spite of the heavy snow.
★in spite of 和despite 两者意义相同，后⾯均跟名词，可以互换。

但是，despite 本⾝是介词, 不能与of 连⽤。

★in spite of / regardless of
①in spite of = despite
Example: The plane took off in spite of the bad weather. (although the weather was bad)
②regardless of = without considering or taking notice of
Example: The plane will take off, regardless of the weather. (no matter whether the weather is good or bad )
23.give up: stop doing or having (something);
1) give someone else possession of something you have
Example: An old man gave up his seat on the bus to a lady with a baby
2) abandon hope for sth. or the attempt to do sth.
Example: The boy gave up answering the question because it is too difficult.
3) allow yourself or someone else to be caught by the police or enemy soldiers
Example: The criminal went to the police station to give himself up.
4) devote one’s time, life, etc. to
Example: During World War II millions of soldiers gave up their lives.
24. by far: by a large degree or amount…得多; 最…
Example: Celine Dion is by far the best singer I know.
by far 和so far 是两个⽐较容易混淆的词组。

by far 有“…得多；最…；显然‖的意思，⽤于修饰⽐较级和最⾼级形式的形容词和副词，强调数量、程度等。

Example: The weather has been hot so far this summer.4.
25. turn over
1) (cause to ) fall over; upset
Example: The car turned over three times after the crash.
2) give the control of sth. to sb.
Example: She turned over the work to her assistant and had a talk with us.
3) think over
Example: I turned the idea over (in my mind) for a week before replying.
26. can't help doing sth.: cannot avoid doing sth.
Example: I couldn't help laughing when I saw his new haircut.
can't help doing sth. 和cannot help but do sth. 是两个⽐较容易混淆的词组。

can't help doing sth.意为―禁不住‖、―情不⾃禁
‖，⽽cannot help but do sth. 则有―不得不做…‖之意。

Example: I cannot help but be sorry. 我不能不感到遗憾。

Ⅲ. Background Information
1.Sir Francis Chichester（1901 – 1972）—— English aviator and adventurer
Achievements:
As a young man, he went to New Zealand to work as a miner, salesman and land agent.
In 1929, he made a solo flight to Australia in a biplane. In 1931, he made the first eastward flight across Tasman Sea from New Zealand to Australia.
In 1960, he won the first solo transatlantic ocean race sailing from Plymouth, England to New York City in 40 days. In 1966-1967, he sailed around the world alone in a 55-foot sailing yacht, the longest passage made by a small sailing vessel without
a port of call. In 1967, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
2. Columbus (1451-1506) —Italian explorer
In 1492, European explorer Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean hoping to reach Asia. Instead, he reached lands that were unknown to Europeans. Those lands were later named the Americas. After Columbus, many Europeans began to settle the Americas.
3. Magellan, Ferdinand （1480-1521）— Portuguese navigator
While trying to find a western route to the Moluccas (1519), Magellan and his expedition were blown by storms into the strait that now bears his name (1520). He named and sailed across the Pacific Ocean, reaching the Marianas and the Philippines (1521), where he was killed fighting for a friendly native king. One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe.
4. Zheng He or Cheng Ho (1371-1433) —Chinese admiral, explorer, and diplomat
Zheng He extended Chinese maritime and commercial influence in the regions bordering
the Indian Ocean. His seven voyages, which surpassed all previous naval expeditions in the world, opened trade and diplomatic ties for China with at least 35 countries and encouraged the emigration that was the basis of Chinese colonization in Southeast Asia.
5. Sir Francis Drake (1543 - 1596) —English navigator and explorer
Francis Drake was the first Englishman to sail round the world. After several slave trading expeditions to West Africa and the Spain Main (1566-1573), he sailed round the globe (1577-1580) . He managed to restrict the Spanish Armada (西班⽛⽆敌舰队) by raiding Cadiz (加地斯) (1587), and helped to defeat (1588) the Spanish attempt to invade England.
6. Elizabeth II (1926–) —Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Elizabeth II was the elder daughter and successor of George VI. At age 18 she was made a State Counselor (顾问). On Nov. 20, 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, duke (公爵) of Edinburgh. They were in Kenya when the king died (Feb. 6, 1952) and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne (王座). Her coronation (加冕礼), on June 2, 1953, was the first to be televised.
7. Elizabeth I (1533 –1603 ) —Queen of England
Elizabeth I was the queen of England (1558-1603), daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. She was one of the most powerful rulers in the English history. The time when she reigned (在位) is called the Elizabethan Age, and it was a long period of 45 years, when England became very rich and powerful. Abroad, it was an age of maritime expansion (海上扩张) under such adventurers as John Hawkins, Walter Raleign and Francis Drake. In literature, it was the age of William Shakespeare, Phillip Sidney, Edmund Spenser and Christopher Marlowe, and there was also a flowering of music, architecture and art.
8. Knight, Knighthood & Knighthood Ceremony
Knights were the highest class of fighting men in Europe during the Middle Ages. There were other classes of fighting men, such as the lowly foot soldiers. But knights, who fought on horseback, were the aristocrats of the battlefield. The great heroes of the time, both in story and in fact, were knights.
By the year 1500 the time of the knight as fighting man was over. Hired foot soldiers replaced the mounted knights. But knighthood did not die out altogether. Today in Great Britain, knighthood is an honorary award given to outstanding people in recognition of some remarkable work they have done. A man with the rank of knight is called, "Sir“(prefixed to his whole name or given name, but not his surname alone), and his wife, "Lady". A woman
with same rank is called "Dame".
The king or Queen takes the sword of the person being honored or borrows one from someone present at the ceremony. The person about to be knighted kneels on one knee and bows his head respectfully in front of the King or Queen. The King or Queen touches with the sword first the left shoulder of the person bowing before him or her then the right shoulder and finally the top of the bowed head. While doing this the King or Queen says "We dub thee Sir_______."
Ⅳ. Warm-up questions
1. Do you love adventures? Why or why not?
No, I donnot love adventures at all, because I enjoy the peaceful life. I like to stay at home on weekend to read a book or listen to music. Sometimes I go on a trip with my friends, but I donnot have the courage to adventure, I think it is too dangerous.
2. Montesquieu, the famous French thinker and philosopher, once said, “It is always the
adventurer who accomplish great things.” How do you understand this saying of his?
Compared to common people, the adventure has the strong will, ability, endurance and bravery.
These characters help them conquer any difficulties in the course of adventure and great explorations, even some scientific ones. From this point of view, the adventurer can always accomplish great things.
Ⅴ. Language points
1. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. (L7-8)
1) did not think的翻译要注意否定转移，即否定宾语从句的谓语部分，译为“认为他不能”，
除此之外还有don’t believe/ expect/ suppose…
Example: I don’t believe I know him. 我想我不认识他。

2) as此处引导原因状语从句，可以放在主句后，也可放在句⾸，⽤逗号将主句隔开。

Example: As it was getting late, we took the children home.
We chose Helen to lead us as she said she knew the way.
2. In August, 1966, at the age of nearly sixth-five, an age when many men retire, he began
the greatest voyage of his life. (L9-10)
1) 主⼲：He began the voyage.
an age when many men retire是at the age of nearly sixth-five的同位语，对其做进⼀步的补
充说明。

when many men retire中的when引导定语从句, 修饰age。

Retire⽤现在时说明这是通常情况。

3. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alone. (L15-16)
1) 在此句中anyone had previously sailed alone是定语从句，修饰the distance.
2) 倍数的表达法：主语+谓语+倍数+the size / length / distance of...
Example: The lake is twice the width of that lake.
4. Everybody said the same thing: he had done enough; he must not go any further. But he did not listen. (L20-21)
1) must not (mustn’t) : express an obligation not to do something
Example: You mustn’t move any of the books on my desk.
must not (mustn’t) 和needn’t 是两个⽐较容易混淆的词组。

must not/mustn’t 表达的是要求某⼈不要做某事，有“不可以”、“不准”之意。

Needn’t 表达的是并不要求某⼈⾮得做某事，即don’t have to，有“不必”之意。

例如：
Example: Middle school students must not read this novel. 中学⽣不可以看这本⼩说。

You needn’t come tomorrow if you don’t want to. 如果不想来的话你明天不必来。

5. The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the treacherous Cape Corn. (L23-25)
1) 主⼲为前半句，逗号后⾯是由during +which引导的⾮限制性定语从句，关系代词which 是介词during的宾语，这种情况下通常是把介词置于关系代词之前。

Example: This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars.
This is the hospital in which I was born.
6. The next night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. (L26-27)
1) 本句中the blackest he had ever known 是The next night的同位语，the blackest后⾯省略了night。

he had ever known是省略掉关系代词that的定语从句。

2) so…that… ―如此……以⾄于……‖在本句中引导结果状语从句。

Example: He ran so fast that I couldn’t catch up with him.
7. Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, would be on an island 885 miles away. (L30-33)
1) 主⼲He could not help thinking。

That引导宾语从句，其中包含由if何unless引导的两个条件状语从句和person后⾯省略掉关系代词that的定语从句；宾语从句的主⼲为the
nearest person would be on an island。

If I were you, I would read books as many as possible.
If I had known the matter, I would have told you about this.
If it rained tomorrow, I should stay at home.
If it were to rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.
If it should rain tomorrow, I should stay at home.
8. I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again. (L35-37)
1) wild horses could not drag…is a common metaphor used to mean that nothing, no matter how strong, could make you do something.是⽐喻，指“什么也不能……”
Example: Wild horses couldn’t drag me away from my favorite novel.
Wild horses couldn’t drag her away until she had got an answer.
2) waken :v. (cause to) wake from sleep
Example: I shook him but he didn't waken.
Agnes would often waken at the slightest sound.
9. Queen ElizabethⅡ knighted him with the very sword that Queen ElizabethⅠhad used almost 400 years earlier to knight Sir Francis Drake after he had sailed round the world for the first time.(L40-42)
1) 主⼲：Queen ElizabethⅡ knighted him with the very sword。

其中sword后是that引导的定语从句，修饰the very sword, 还包含⼀个由after引导的时间状语从句。

2) very: adj. same; identical (often used with the, this, that, my, his, etc. to emphasize a noun ) Example: You are the very man
I am looking for.
This is the very book I want.
10. Moreover, in the modern age when human beings depend so much on machines, he had given man throughout the world new pride. (L48-49)
1) 主⼲：he had given man new pride. ―when human beings depend so much on machines‖是
定语从句，修饰“the modern age”.
Ⅵ. Global reading
1.part division of the text
partⅠ(Paras. 1-2): Chichester’s decision to sail round the world single-handed.
partⅡ(Paras. 3-8): Chichester’s accomplishment of his voyage.
PartⅢ(Para. 9): the importance of his great voyage - -giving man new pride
2.summary
Sir Francis Chichester was a British adventurer. In 1931, he tried to fly round the world but failed. Years later he decided to sail round the world alone. In spite of his friends’ and doctor’s attempts to dissuade him, Chichester, at the age of nearly 65, set off to realize his old dream of sailing round the world single-handed. His voyage covered 28,500 miles, during which he conquered them. And finally, Queen Elizabeth Ⅱknighted him for his great achievement and spirit.
Ⅶ. Study and practice
Ⅷ. Reading Activity
Basic reading skill I—How to read a text (part II)
Read the text once to get the overall impression of what it is about, and then reread it concentrating on the details.
Ⅸ. Guided Writing
Part I: contraction: reducing clauses to phrases or words
A Brief Introduction
Whenever writing in English, everyone should keep in mind the following principle: never use a sentence where you can use a phrase; never use a phrase where you can use a single word. In this way, your writing will become more compact and lucid.
We can use gerundial phrases（动名词短语）, infinitives（不定式）, participial phrases（分词短语）and prepositional phrases（介词短语）to replace clauses.
Example: He takes a cold shower every morning before he goes to work.
→He takes a cold shower every morning before going to work.
I hate see letters that are written in pencil.
→I hate see letters written in pencil
We need someone who can help us with the typing.
→We need someone to help us with the typing.
Part II: Paragraph Writing
1. Write a paragraph of about 120 words describing the difficulties Chichester had to struggle
against when sailing round the world. Consider the following points before you start writing: sailing the world single-handed lung cancer
the main steering device damaged by gales
unable to walk without help
sailing round the treacherous Cape Horn.
2.Write a composition on the topic How to Solve the Energy Crisis. You should write at
least 120 words according to the guidelines given below in Chinese:
1）能源在⼈类的⽣存和发展中的重要作⽤；
2）描述⽬前的能源现状，并指出引起全球能源危机的原因；
3）如何解决能源危机。

How to Solve the Energy Crisis
As is known to all, energy is of great importance to human beings. We can hardly imagine how human could live without energy. We could not be able to drive our cars and listen to our favorite songs. In addition, the night could become dark all the time. In short, once human loses all the energy resources, he will not be able to exist in the world.
Energy is a serious problem people are facing today. Some far-sighted people point out that our natural resources are much limited. If we keep consuming our resources at the present rate, they warn, the world will soon be running out of oil, coal and metals, and this will certainly lead to a serious energy crisis threatening human’s survival.
Therefore, it is urgently necessary for people to conserve the natural resources. But the best way to solve the problem is, I think, to develop new sources of energy.。