第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章.供应链管理的要素和障碍
n 第一节.供应链绩效的要素 n 第二节.存货（Inventory） n 第三节.运输 (Transportation) n 第四节.设施（facilities） n 第五节.信息（Information） n 第六节. 资源（Sourcing） n 第七节. 价格（Pricing）
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Little’s law——衡量存货流动速度的公式
(1)物流时间T(Material flow time) 从物料进入供应链时起，其存在于供应链内部的全部
时间。 (2)传送率R(Throughput)
单位时间内的产品销量。
I=RT
存货量的大小等于物流时间和传送率的乘积。
places where inventory is stored, assembled, or fabricated(制造) production sites and storage sites
Inventory
raw materials, WIP, finished goods within a supply chain inventory policies
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第一节.供应链性能的决定因素
一.为什么要研究供应链的要素 n 从目标看：
实现企业的竞争战略 n 从因果关系看:
通过控制几大要素来控制供应链的响 应能力与效率
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
•Drivers of Supply Chain Performance
Facilities
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
二.供应链决策框架
控制单独一个要素难以兼顾效率和响应能力，同时控 制六大要素，用一个要素的优势来弥补其他要素的弱 势，最后总体上使供应链效率和响应能力都提高。 就象踢足球，如果你各方面都强，你可以是C罗，如 果你某方面不强，但靠其他几方面来弥补，你仍然可 以是梅西。 我们在供应链管理中研究的所有决策问题其实就是针 对这几个要素的决策问题。是供应链管理研究的具体 化。
n Example: Blue Nile（钻石商，中心存储，和 FEDEX战略联盟）
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Components of Transportation Decisions
n Design of transportation network u network: collection of transportation mode, locations and routes
n Safety inventory u inventory held in case demand exceeds expectations u costs of carrying too much inventory versus cost of losing sales
n Seasonal inventory u inventory built up to counter predictable variability in demand u cost of carrying additional inventory versus cost of flexible production
n Major source of cost and influence on responsiveness (例如：服装供应链)
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Inventory: Role in Competitive Strategy
n If responsiveness is a strategic competitive priority, a firm can locate larger amounts of inventory closer to customers
n If cost is more important, inventory can be reduced to make the firm more efficient
n Trade-off
u Implicit in the inventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from more inventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory.
Transportation
moving inventory from point to point in a supply chain combinations of transportation modes and routes
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Drivers of Supply Chain Performance
n Can also use slower transportation modes for customers whose priority is price (cost)
n Can also consider both inventory and transportation to find the right balance
n Information u data and analysis regarding inventory, transportation, facilities throughout the supply chain u potentially the biggest driver of supply chain performance
n Overall trade-off: Responsiveness versus efficiency u more inventory: greater responsiveness but greater cost u less inventory: lower cost but lower responsiveness
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
二.存货决策的框架
•能否满足客户需 求
•竞争战略
•成本和响应速度
•供应链战略
•效率
•存货
•运输
•反应能力
•设施
•信息
•周转存货 •安全存货 •季节性存货
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Inventory: Role in the Supply Chain
n Inventory exists because of a mismatch between supply and demand u Mismatch is intentional（故意的） at a retailer store where inventory is held in anticipation of future demand
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三节.运输 (Transportation) 一.定义
把供应链中的存货从一点移动到另外一 点的活动。
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
二.运输决策的框架
•能否满足客户需 求
•竞争战略
•成本和响应速度
•供应链战略
•效率
•运输
•存货
网络 •自主/外包
n The role that inventory play in the supply chain is u To increase the amount of demand that can be satisfied by having the product ready and available when customer wants it. u To reduce cost by exploiting economies of scale that may exist during production and distribution.
n Sourcing u functions a firm performs and functions that are outsourced
n Pricing u Price associated with goods and services provided by a firm to the supply chain
inventory（滞销） u Average replenishment batch size u Average safety inventory u Seasonal inventory u Fill rate u Fraction of time out of stock u Obsolete inventory（沉没成本）
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章.供应链管理的要素和障碍
n 第一节.供应链绩效的要素 n 第二节.存货（Inventory） n 第三节.运输 (Transportation) n 第四节.设施（facilities） n 第五节.信息（Information） n 第六节. 资源（Sourcing） n 第七节. 价格（Pricing）
responsiveness but lower efficiency n Also affects inventory and facility locations.
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Transportation: Role in the Competitive Strategy
n If responsiveness is a strategic competitive priority, then faster transportation modes can provide greater responsiveness to customers who are willing to pay for it
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第二节.存货（Inventory） 一.定义
➢ Inventory is all raw materials , work in process ,and finished goods within a supply chain.
➢ 是指供应链中流动的物品，不是指仓 储设施，不要混淆概念。
第三章供应链管理的驱 动要素和测度
2024/2/1
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章.供应链管理的要素和障碍
n 第一节.供应链性能的决定因素 n 第二节.存货（Inventory） n 第三节.运输 (Transportation) n 第四节.设施（facilities） n 第五节.信息（Information） n 第六节. 资源（Sourcing） n 第七节. 价格（Pricing）
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Components of Inventory Decisions
n Inventory-related metrics
u Cash-to-cash cycle time（应收账款，应付账款） u Average inventory u Inventory turns（周转次数） u Products with more than a specified number of days of
n Example – Nordstrom
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Components of Inventory Decisions
n Cycle inventory u Average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between shipments u Depends on lot size
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Transportation: Role in the Supply Chain
n Moves the product between stages in the supply chain
n Impact on responsiveness and efficiency n Faster transportation allows greater
第三章.供应链管理的要素和障碍
n 第一节.供应链绩效的要素 n 第二节.存货（Inventory） n 第三节.运输 (Transportation) n 第四节.设施（facilities） n 第五节.信息（Information） n 第六节. 资源（Sourcing） n 第七节. 价格（Pricing）
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Little’s law——衡量存货流动速度的公式
(1)物流时间T(Material flow time) 从物料进入供应链时起，其存在于供应链内部的全部
时间。 (2)传送率R(Throughput)
单位时间内的产品销量。
I=RT
存货量的大小等于物流时间和传送率的乘积。
places where inventory is stored, assembled, or fabricated(制造) production sites and storage sites
Inventory
raw materials, WIP, finished goods within a supply chain inventory policies
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第一节.供应链性能的决定因素
一.为什么要研究供应链的要素 n 从目标看：
实现企业的竞争战略 n 从因果关系看:
通过控制几大要素来控制供应链的响 应能力与效率
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
•Drivers of Supply Chain Performance
Facilities
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
二.供应链决策框架
控制单独一个要素难以兼顾效率和响应能力，同时控 制六大要素，用一个要素的优势来弥补其他要素的弱 势，最后总体上使供应链效率和响应能力都提高。 就象踢足球，如果你各方面都强，你可以是C罗，如 果你某方面不强，但靠其他几方面来弥补，你仍然可 以是梅西。 我们在供应链管理中研究的所有决策问题其实就是针 对这几个要素的决策问题。是供应链管理研究的具体 化。
n Example: Blue Nile（钻石商，中心存储，和 FEDEX战略联盟）
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Components of Transportation Decisions
n Design of transportation network u network: collection of transportation mode, locations and routes
n Safety inventory u inventory held in case demand exceeds expectations u costs of carrying too much inventory versus cost of losing sales
n Seasonal inventory u inventory built up to counter predictable variability in demand u cost of carrying additional inventory versus cost of flexible production
n Major source of cost and influence on responsiveness (例如：服装供应链)
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Inventory: Role in Competitive Strategy
n If responsiveness is a strategic competitive priority, a firm can locate larger amounts of inventory closer to customers
n If cost is more important, inventory can be reduced to make the firm more efficient
n Trade-off
u Implicit in the inventory driver is between the responsiveness that results from more inventory and the efficiency that results from less inventory.
Transportation
moving inventory from point to point in a supply chain combinations of transportation modes and routes
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Drivers of Supply Chain Performance
n Can also use slower transportation modes for customers whose priority is price (cost)
n Can also consider both inventory and transportation to find the right balance
n Information u data and analysis regarding inventory, transportation, facilities throughout the supply chain u potentially the biggest driver of supply chain performance
n Overall trade-off: Responsiveness versus efficiency u more inventory: greater responsiveness but greater cost u less inventory: lower cost but lower responsiveness
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
二.存货决策的框架
•能否满足客户需 求
•竞争战略
•成本和响应速度
•供应链战略
•效率
•存货
•运输
•反应能力
•设施
•信息
•周转存货 •安全存货 •季节性存货
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Inventory: Role in the Supply Chain
n Inventory exists because of a mismatch between supply and demand u Mismatch is intentional（故意的） at a retailer store where inventory is held in anticipation of future demand
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三节.运输 (Transportation) 一.定义
把供应链中的存货从一点移动到另外一 点的活动。
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
二.运输决策的框架
•能否满足客户需 求
•竞争战略
•成本和响应速度
•供应链战略
•效率
•运输
•存货
网络 •自主/外包
n The role that inventory play in the supply chain is u To increase the amount of demand that can be satisfied by having the product ready and available when customer wants it. u To reduce cost by exploiting economies of scale that may exist during production and distribution.
n Sourcing u functions a firm performs and functions that are outsourced
n Pricing u Price associated with goods and services provided by a firm to the supply chain
inventory（滞销） u Average replenishment batch size u Average safety inventory u Seasonal inventory u Fill rate u Fraction of time out of stock u Obsolete inventory（沉没成本）
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章.供应链管理的要素和障碍
n 第一节.供应链绩效的要素 n 第二节.存货（Inventory） n 第三节.运输 (Transportation) n 第四节.设施（facilities） n 第五节.信息（Information） n 第六节. 资源（Sourcing） n 第七节. 价格（Pricing）
responsiveness but lower efficiency n Also affects inventory and facility locations.
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Transportation: Role in the Competitive Strategy
n If responsiveness is a strategic competitive priority, then faster transportation modes can provide greater responsiveness to customers who are willing to pay for it
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第二节.存货（Inventory） 一.定义
➢ Inventory is all raw materials , work in process ,and finished goods within a supply chain.
➢ 是指供应链中流动的物品，不是指仓 储设施，不要混淆概念。
第三章供应链管理的驱 动要素和测度
2024/2/1
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章.供应链管理的要素和障碍
n 第一节.供应链性能的决定因素 n 第二节.存货（Inventory） n 第三节.运输 (Transportation) n 第四节.设施（facilities） n 第五节.信息（Information） n 第六节. 资源（Sourcing） n 第七节. 价格（Pricing）
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Components of Inventory Decisions
n Inventory-related metrics
u Cash-to-cash cycle time（应收账款，应付账款） u Average inventory u Inventory turns（周转次数） u Products with more than a specified number of days of
n Example – Nordstrom
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Components of Inventory Decisions
n Cycle inventory u Average amount of inventory used to satisfy demand between shipments u Depends on lot size
第三章供应链管理的驱动要素和测度
Transportation: Role in the Supply Chain
n Moves the product between stages in the supply chain
n Impact on responsiveness and efficiency n Faster transportation allows greater