巢湖流域规模化畜禽养殖场对水环境污染评价及其控制对策研究

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in Chaohu,
the research evaluated the
Chaohu river provide
and pollution
and
poultry farms in
basin,and
put forward the
targeted
and control measures.It could
reference for optimization programs and control measures for the departments.
into the pig will be
tons
approximately 4 million.and the output of TN and TP will reach 0.3071 million
0.1 323 million tons,respectively.Even though we achieve 3 5 percent
emissions of nitrogen,phosphorus from pigs and poultry breeding industry were the major
SOurce
from the livestock and poultry
breeding industry.The emissions from
2515.35x104
t,年流失COD
25.69x104
t、氨氮3.51X104 t,进入河流的TN和TP理论
值分别为5119.5 t和1650.96 t,潜在污染很大。该流域畜禽饲养密度和有效耕地负载 能力不符,畜禽粪便土地负荷警报值达1.17,远高于O.49的全国平均值。研究表明, 流域饲养的猪和家禽排放的氮、磷是畜禽养殖业氮磷污染的主要来源,占排放总量的 96%以上。 3.据预测,未来几年巢湖流域畜禽养殖量将以每年8%左右的速度增加,其潜在
very poor,and the
majority
as
of animal
manure
Was untreated.It was calculated that the annual quantity(count
from livestock
pig
feces)of
total feces
and poultry
and
there are varied types of
landforms and
natural
Lake
played an
extremely important role in the supply of
resources and
regulation of ecological
environment.The level of economic
theoretical
values of total
nitrogen(TN)and
potential
phosphorus(TP)were
1 650.96t,which
resulted in great
contamination.Animal husbandry density and the
did not match.The
even
8%annual rate,the potential pollution load will be
the
greater in the Chaohu Lake Basin,
amount
of large—scale livestock
and poultry breeding
farms converted
in Chaohu fiver basin Was 25.1 535 million tons in 2004,annual
COD losses Was 0.2569 million
tons,and ammonia nitrogen Was
t tons.The 5 1 1 9.5t and
污染负荷也将随之增大。预计至2015年巢湖流域规模化畜禽养殖量折合成猪约为400
万头,TN和TP产生量分别达到30.7l×104 t和13.23x104 t;若依靠防控技术及措施 的运用普及率实现35%的污染削减量,则当年TN和TP的入湖量也将达到3000 t和
1200
t,污染形势依然严峻。 4.针对巢湖流域规模化畜禽养殖场基本情况和污染现状,从合理制定污染控制
all
and social
development is high in Chaohu fiver basin,which is
processing bases in Anhui Chaohu serious
important commodity production and
Province.The
results show that
13巢湖水污染对其功能及流域社会经济发展的影响巢湖水体富营养化使水中藻类异常繁殖水体透明度和溶解氧含量下降水质恶化使水域生态功能过程受到阻碍和破坏水华的发生严重会造成鱼类及其它水生生物大量死亡对水资源造成破坏给流域经济建设社会发展人民健康和生活水平的提高带来严重的负面影响5引
安徽农业大学 硕士学位论文 巢湖流域规模化畜禽养殖场对水环境污染评价及其控制对策研 究 姓名:彭军 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:环境科学 指导教师:司友斌 20100401
总体方案,加强管理、强化执法,优化养殖布局、推行农牧一体化,加大政府投入、 应用研究成果,加强宣传教育、提高公众环保意识五个方面实施养殖场环境管理和污 染防控对策及技术措施是当务之急。 5.发酵床养猪技术作为生态养殖技术的应用,是利用自然环境中经人工筛选、 培养的微生物资源,通过特殊制成的有机垫料(即发酵床)对猪粪尿进行分解、转化, 进而实现无污染、零排放、无臭气的新型养猪技术。该技术以节水、省饲料、节劳力, 提高畜禽抗病能力和肉产品质,增加养殖效益等优点应予重点示范和推广。 关键词:巢湖流域,畜禽养殖,污染负荷,污染控制,发酵床
and
poultry farms Was
many,
however,the degree of scale was
of water sources,the level of
not
hi曲,the distribution
of many farms Was in the vicinity
management Was
Abstract
With
the prosperous development of stock
raising,environmental
pollution caused by attention,and
the livestock and
now has
poultry breeding
has become increasingly
摘要
随着畜牧业的蓬勃发展,畜禽养殖场造成的环境污染已越来越引起人们的重视, 成为众多学者普遍研究的热点。本论文以保护巢湖流域生态环境、维系巢湖水资源为 主要目的,对流域内规模化畜禽养殖场造成水环境的污染进行初略评价并有针对性提 出防控对策,为有关部门制定优化方案和控制措施提供一定的参考。 1.巢湖是我国五大淡水湖之一,流域面积13486 km2,水网密度大,土壤类型多 样,其在自然资源供给、生态环境调节等方面发挥着极其重要的作用。全流域经济和 社会发展水平较高,是安徽省重要的商品粮生产和加工基地。研究表明,巢湖流域生 态环境质量处于中等水平,生态调控相对脆弱,水土流失严重,湖体面积缩小。最近 几十年,流域水环境遭受各种污染,巢湖水体富营养化严重,农业面源中畜禽养殖业 粪便造成的污染是重要原因之一。 2.对以巢湖市居巢区为代表的部分畜禽养殖场调查分析发现,该流域规模化畜 禽养殖场数目较多,规模化程度较小,多近水源分布,经营管理水平较差,畜禽粪便 多数未经处理。据推算,2004年流域各类畜禽粪便产生量(按猪粪当量计)共达
attracted people's
become the
hot spot that more and more scholars
are
researching.In order to protect
resoueces
the ecological
environment of Chaohu
status
river basin and maintain water situation of livestock prevention
decades,water
suffered
from various forms of pollution,and Chaohu
Lake
water eutrophication is severe.One of the
pollution
important reasons for this animal manure.
4.According to the large—scale livestock
and poul仃y farms and
the pollution status of
the Chaohu
Lake
basin,the overall
pollution control
reinforcement of
program must be rationally developed.
pigs and poultry
II
breeding industry accounted for more than 96%of total emissions. 3.It is
predicted that the
next few years the
amount of livestock will be incarease about
The five aspects,which include the
enforcement,the
and
the
optimization of breeding
management and strengthening of law distribution and implementation of agricultural
trouble is the agricultural non-point
caused
by
2.In terms of Juchno District,Chaohu
City,represented
by

part of the livestock
and
poultry farm,we found that the number of scale livestock
one
1.Chaohu Lake is 1 3486 square
of the five
largest舶sh lakes
in China.Chaohu basin area is
kilometers,and its
soils.Chaohu
water network density is high has
use
and
control techniques and measures to
penetration and
rate of pollution reductions,TN and TP
that enter into the
lake
will reach 3000t
1200t,respectively.Pollution situation is still grim in 2015.
eco-environmental environment has
source
quality of
Lake Basin and
is in the middle
level,eco—regulation
recent
is relatively fragile,soil erosion is been
lake body is shrinking.In
input
pastoral integration,the increase
government
and
application of research results,
reinforcement
of publicity and
education and
the elevation public
awareness
load capacity
of effective arable
land in the basin
manure-land load alarm showed that the
value Was 1.1 7,much higher
than the
national average of 0.49.The results
of
environmental
pollution
protection, and
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