高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题训练答案

高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)专题训练答案
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that talking to plants encourages them to grow have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may actually be right and they could be listening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plant's "ears" to help them detect the sound of approaching insects.
When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three minutes the sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased. The fluid, produced to attract pollinating (授粉) insects, was on average 20 percent higher in flowers exposed to the buzz compared to those left in silence or exposed to higher pitched sounds. Professor Lilach Hadany, who led the study, said: "Our results document for the first time that plants can rapidly respond to pollinator sounds in an ecologically relevant way."
However, Prof Hadany said a plant's ability to respond to pollinators may be weakened in city environments or beside a busy road. While plants require water, sunlight and the right temperature to grow, it is widely believed they do not have senses in the way animals do.
But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their plants may not be in vain. "Plants' ability to hear has implications well beyond pollination—plants could potentially hear and respond to herbivores, other animals, the elements, and possibly other plants," Prof Hadany added.
A month-long experiment conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society in 2009 found female voices appear to speed up the growth of tomatoes. The research offers a possible explanation —women's voices were at the right frequency for the plants to hear.
（1）What's evening primrose flowers' response to bees' buzz?
A. Longer bloom.
B. Sweeter nectar.
C. Brighter color.
D. Less fluid.（2）Where can plants grow better according to Hadany?
A. On a square.
B. Beside a highway.
C. In the woods.
D. Along the street.（3）What can we infer from the research?
A. Prince Charles proves kind of stupid.
B. Plants can only potentially hear animals.
C. Plants respond to sounds slowly and ecologically.
D. Plants gardeners talk to frequently develop well.
（4）What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Flowers can hear.
B. Bees are best pollinators.
C. Plants can't grow without sound.
D. Women's voices improve plants' growth.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人与植物的交流可以促其生长。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“When the researchers played recordings of flying bees to evening primrose flowers, within three minutes the sugar concentrations in the nectar (花蜜) of its flowers increased.”可知，蜜蜂飞到夜来香花，在三分钟内其花朵花蜜的糖的浓度会增加，所以花蜜会更甜。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“However, Prof Hadany said a plant's ability to respond to pollinators may be weakened in city environments or beside a busy road. ”哈达尼教授认为，植物对传粉者做出反应的能力可能会在城市环境或繁忙道路旁减弱。

从而推断可知，在丛林里的植物生长得更好。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“But the study, published on the open-science website BioRxiv, suggests the efforts of gardeners who talk to their plants may not be in vain.”研究表明，园丁们和他们的植物交谈的努力可能不会白费。

从而推断可知，园丁经常与植物交谈，生长得更好。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段“Gardeners such as Prince Charles who claim that talking to plants encourages them to grow have long been seen as a little silly. But scientists have discovered evidence which suggests the Royal may actually be right and they could be listening to him. Biologists at Tel Aviv University in Israel have found that flowers can act as a plant's "ears" to h elp them detect the sound of approaching insects.”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述人与植物的交流可以促其生长。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.
For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposes eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for selecting those that appeared angry.
Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. That's because the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face.
After some training like how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions.
They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly.
However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer "game" That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed.
The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touch-screen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.
（1）How did the scientists conduct the experiment?
A.By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry.
B.By mixing the selected dogs together.
C.By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen
D.By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces.
（2）The underlined word "trepidation" in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.
A.fear and hesitation
B.curiosity and eagerness
C.excitement and happiness
D.doubt and sadness
（3）According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________.
A.are fond of the male faces
B.are uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire faces
C.have difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males
D.can only recognize emotions of females
（4）What is the best title for this passage?
A.Mood Changes Influence Dogs
B.Dogs Identify the Moods
C.dogs and Their Owners
D.Dog's Mood Research
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新的实验发现，即狗能够识别人的面部表情的变化。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"For their study biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy."可知，实验人员通过屏幕向这些狗展示了一组女性面部表情的照片，这些表情中既有快乐的，也有愤怒的。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的"They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly"以及"However"可知，与前面意思相反，以及划线词后的"disappear"可知"once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear.…"此句为，狗看到生气的表情后会感到厌恶，并由此退缩，
但是一旦聪明的狗意识到会有奖励之后，它们的恐惧以及退缩就会消失。

由此可判断出A 符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"......this confirmed what had been observed in previous studies―dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner"可知，狗擅长辨别与自己主人性别相同的人的表情，由此推断，让主人是女性的狗来辨别男性面部表情的图片是比较困难的。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段提出文章的主旨即“每个狗的主人都知道他们的狗狗能很好地读懂他们的情绪，但科学家们一直有点怀疑。

现在，有证据表明这是正确的”，接着在下文用硬实证明了这一点。

因此本文的最好的题目就是“狗能识别人的情绪”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

An international team of researchers from the University of Oxford have found that the way people use the Internet is closely tied to the seasonal movements in the natural world. Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).
Migratory birds (候鸟) flood back to where they reproduce every spring. That migratory behavior is accompanied by some human behavior. "In English-language Wikipedia (维基百科), the online searches for migratory species tend to increase in spring when those birds arrive in the United States," said the lead author John Mittermeier.
And not just birds. Mittermeier and his team surveyed nearly 2.5 billion Wikipedia search records, for 32,000 species, across 245 languages. They also saw variable search rates for insects, horsetails and flowering plants. Seasonal trends seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.
This finding suggests new ways to monitor changes in the world's biological diversity. It also shows new ways to see how much people care about nature, and which species and areas might be the most effective targets for conservation.
Mittermeier is encouraged by the search results. He commented, "I think there's a concern among conservationists (生态环境保护者) that people are losing touch with the natural world and that they're not interacting with native species anymore. And so in that sense, it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature."
Richard Grenyer, Associate Professor from the University of Oxford, says search data is useful to conservation biologists, "By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are changing, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help."
（1）What have researchers found about species searches?
A.They strengthen ties among people.
B.They affect the animal movements.
C.They differ in language backgrounds.
D.They reflect animal migration seasons.
（2）What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 3?
A.To summarize the research process.
B.To further support the research findings.
C.To show the variety of species searches.
D.To present researchers' heavy work load.
（3）How does Mittermeier feel about the search results?
A.Satisfied with Wikipedia's service.
B.Worried about Wikipedia behavior.
C.Amazed at people's care about nature.
D.Sad about people's not getting close to nature.
（4）Why does Richard think such search data is useful?
A.It helps to aim at conservation targets.
B.It increases interest in big data approaches.
C.It keeps track of trends in biologists' work.
D.It pushes people to solve difficult problems.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，牛津大学的一个国际研究小组发现，人们使用互联网的方式与自然界的季节性运动密切相关。

他们的在线物种搜索遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。

这一发现提出了监测世界生物多样性变化的新方法。

它还展示了一种新的方式来了解人们有多关心自然，以及哪些物种和地区可能是最有效的保护目标。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Their online species searches follow the patterns of seasonal animal migrations (迁徙).”可知关于物种搜索，研究人员发现了他们遵循季节性动物迁徙的模式。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Seasonal trend s seemed to be widespread in Wikipedia behavior for many species of plants and animals.”可知在维基百科上，许多动植物的行为似乎都有季节性趋势。

即第三段的写作目的是为了进一步支持研究结果。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“it was really exciting and quite unexpected for me to see people's Wikipedia interest closely related to changes in nature”可知Mittermeier看到人们对维基百科的兴趣是与大自然的变化密切相关的，感到非常兴奋和意外。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“By using these big data approaches, we can direct our attention towards the difficult questions in modern conservation: which species and areas are chan ging, and where are the people who care the most and can do the most to help.”可知Richard认为通过使用这些大数据方法，我们可以将我们的注意力转向现代保护中的难题:哪些物种和地区正在发生变化，哪些人最关心这些问题，哪些人能够提供最多的帮助。

即
他认为这些搜索数据可以有助于设定保护目标。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
The Alexander technique
Until earlier this year, I didn't know anything about the Alexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backache I regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, "You actually have bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique." Three months later I could walk straighter and sit better.
The Alexander technique is a way of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. The teaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort. There is little effort in the lessons themselves, which sets apart the Alexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise-based. A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to train you to move them correctly.
The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry our heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriate posture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural place on the top of our spines.
So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique? Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher-training school, which is still successful today.
So if you're walking along the road one day with shoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again.
（1）What does the author suggest in Paragraph 1?
A. She felt no better after the treatment.
B. She got bored with the Alexander technique.
C. She was sceptical about the doctor's method.
D. She was unwilling to seek treatment for her backache.
（2）What is the principle of the Alexander technique?
A. Physical tension shouldn't be completely relieved.
B. The technique shouldn't be combined with other exercises.
C. The practice of the technique shouldn't be attempted alone.
D. Familiar physical actions shouldn't be done with much effort.
（3）What can we learn about Frederick Alexander?
A. He managed to recover his vocal powers.
B. He was eager to make a name for himself.
C. He developed a form of exercise for actors.
D. He had to leave home to develop his technique.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The occurrence of back pain is widespread.
B. Alexander improved the technique to treat body pain.
C. The Alexander technique helps overcome posture problems.
D. People with back pain are victims of inappropriate postures.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor.”可知，作者从小就被灌输这样的思维，处理疼痛的更好办法就是不做任何事情，希望疼痛自行消失，但是却最终不得不去看医生，故可知，作者看医生都是迫不得已，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort.”可知，亚历山大技巧让你更合理使用身体，用最小的努力来做那些习惯性的动作，故可知，该技巧的原则就是用最小的力来做习惯性的动作，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with ex cellent results.”可知，弗雷德里克·亚历山大，一个出身于186年的澳大利亚演员，在年轻的时候声音出了问题。

他做了分析，意识到自己的姿势不正确，因此致力于改善姿势，结果很好，故可知，他通过矫正姿势，解决了自己的声音问题，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文介绍亚历山大技巧的对于矫正身体的作用以及其发明者，故可知在介绍亚历山大技巧的作用，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had to bundle up just to keep warm when you went outside. You were often cold, wet, slip on the ice, and you'd arrive home to
an ice-cold house. And that would mean turning on the heating and waiting. It's a miracle you didn't get cold to the bone.
Fortunately, things don't have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems. It means dealing with winter needn't be like skating on thin ice.
With a smart thermostat (温度自动调节器), our homes can be warm when we need them to be. Many models feature smartphone apps that allow you to control temperature remotely, so we can warm up the house before we arrive home. According to , Tado's model features voice control, while the Nest 'leans' your habits and automatically heats the home for you.
Clothes have been given an upgrade, too. Electronic thermal jackets, sweaters and coats heat up when you turn them on. What better way to keep warm in the dead of winter? At the touch of a button, or through an app on our phones, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. Many models offer three levels of heating which stay warm for over 12 hours. .
Finally, there is the clothing for the head, beanie s and Earmuff, that feature speakers included in the fabric using Bluetooth technology so we can listen to our favourite music or, in some cases, have a phone callusing the in-built microphone. All while keeping the head warm and avoiding a cold.
For many, the thought of winter used to be enough to make their blood run cold. But using technology, life needn't freeze up. With the right solutions, there's no reason why winter can't be really, really cool.
（1）What do the underlined words "bundle up" mean in Para.1?
A. Fix an air conditioner.
B. Take a hot bath.
C. Run a lot.
D. Put on more clothes.（2）How does electronic thermal clothing work?
A. The equipment placed inside the clothing produces heat.
B. It needs to be warned up before being used.
C. The thermostat heat up automatically when the temperature is low.
D. It keeps warm for over 12 hours after being charged fox an hour.
（3）From the passage, we can lean the following statements EXCEPT that ________.
A. Tado's model can be controlled by saying something to it
B. with the in-built speaker and microphone, Beanies and Earmuffs users can have a phone call
C. technology can do nothing to make winter less rough
D. Bluetooth technology is used in the clothing for the head
（4）What's the best title of this passage?
A. A Smart Thermostat
B. A Modern winter
C. Ways of keeping warm
D. An unpleasant winter
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒
天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。

现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。

人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。

比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"In my memory, winters always used to be really unpleasant. You had to bundle up just to keep warm when you went outside. "可知，在我的记忆中，冬天总是很不令人愉快。

你外出时必须穿得暖和一点。

所以通过" keep warm"可知，外出时要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。

故判断出第1段中带下划线的单词"bundle up"是多穿点衣服。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的" At the touch of a button, or through an app on our phones, the clothing generates heat from elements placed inside. "可知，只要按下按钮，或者通过手机上应用程序，安装在衣服内部的电子元件就会产生热量。

所以电子保暖服装工作的原理是安装在衣服内部的电子元件产生热量。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Fortunately, things don't have to be so challenging any more. Technology, engine ring and design have advanced giving us new solutions to old problems"可知，幸运的是，事情不需要再这么有挑战性了。

先进的技术、引擎环和设计为我们提供了解决老问题的新方法。

所以C选项"科技无法让冬天变得不那么难熬"不符合短文说明的内容。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。

现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。

人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。

比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。

所以短文的最佳标题为"让现代科技温暖你的冬日"。

故B选项"让现代科技温暖你的冬日"符合题意。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Escaping predators(食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. "We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are," he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years,
some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.
Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, "they all have to breathe."
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp(虾) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. "Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance," he says.
（1）According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?
A. The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.
B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.
C. The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.
D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.
（2）Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?
A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.
B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.
C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.
D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.
（3）What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals' natural territories.
B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.
C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.
D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.
（4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. The Oxygen Levels of Marine Life
B. Ocean Warming Affects Food Web
C. The Survivability of Ocean Animals
D. The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势。

同时介绍了海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally."可知，对于科学家来说，变暖的海洋正在失去氧气并不奇怪，但这种下降的规模需要紧急关注。

一些最近的研究表明，在过去的50年里，一些热带地区的氧气含量下降了惊人的40%。

其他地区的降幅较小，全球平均降幅为2%。

所以根据前两段，科学家最担心的是变暖的海洋中日益恶化的脱氧现象。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的" as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth."可知，当极地海冰融化时，它会在更冷、更咸的海水上形成一层水。

这个过程会形成一种冰盖，它可以防止水流将地表水混合到海洋更深的深度。

因为所有的氧气都进入了表面，所以较少的与海洋水的混合意味着更深的海洋含氧量更少。

所以表面的极地冰水阻止氧气下沉是海洋缺氧的原因之一。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的"Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. "可知，然而，Oschlies和他所在领域的其他人发现，无论大小，海洋动物对氧气的微小变化都有反应，它们在较高的含氧区寻求庇护，或是调整行为。

这些调整可能使动物暴露在新的掠食者面前，或迫使它们进入食物匮乏的地区。

所以海洋中氧含量减少迫使动物离开自己的栖息地，去氧气含量较高的地区寻求庇护。

故判断出海洋脱氧改变了一些动物的自然领地。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，短文说明了海洋氧含量下降是一个与气候变化有关的令人担忧的趋势，海洋氧含量下降的原因以及对海洋生物的影响和对其生存的威胁。

所以短文主要是围绕着海洋氧含量下降而展开的。

故短文的最佳标题为"海洋快喘不过气来了"符合题意。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
If you wear glasses, chances are you are smarter. Research published in the famous British
journal Nature Communications has found that people who displayed higher levels of intelligence were almost 30 percent more likely to wear glasses.
The scientists studied the genes of thousands of people between the ages of 16 and 102.The study showed intelligence can be connected to physical characteristics. One characteristic was eyesight. In out of 10 people who were more intelligent, there was a higher chance they needed glasses. Scientists also said being smarter has other benefits. It is connected to better health.
It is important to remember these are connections which are not proven causes. Scientists call this correlation. Just because something is connected to something else does not mean one of those things caused the other. And it's worth noting that what constitutes intelligence is subjective and can be difficult, if not impossible, to measure.
Forget genes though. Plenty of proof shows wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent, even if you do not need glasses. A number of studies have found people who wear glasses are seen as smarter, hard-working and honest. Many lawyers use this idea to help win their cases. Lawyer Harvey Solves explained this. Glasses soften their appearance. He said sometimes there has been a huge amount of proof showing that people he was defending broke the law. He had them wear glasses and they weren't found guilty.
Glasses are also used to show someone is intelligent in movies and on TV. Ideas about people who wear glasses have begun to shift. People who do not need glasses sometimes wear them for fashion only. They want to look worldly or cool. But not everyone is impressed by this idea, though. GQ magazine said people who wear glasses for fashion are trying too hard to look smart and hip (时髦的). However, that hasn't stopped many celebrities from happily wearing glasses even if they do not need them. Justin Bieber is just one high-profile fan of fashion glasses.
（1）What does the new study show?
A. People wearing glasses are smarter.
B. People wearing glasses are healthier.
C. Wearing glasses can make people cleverer.
D. Wearing glasses is associated with higher IQ.
（2）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Shift.
B. Link.
C. Proof.
D. Consequence.
（3）Why do some lawyers ask their clients to wear glasses in court?
A. Because it can create a moral image.
B. Because it can mislead the witnesses.
C. Because it can highlight clients' qualities.
D. Because it can prove the clients' innocence.（4）What is the general attitude to those who wear glasses for fashion?
A. Positive.
B. Negative.
C. Mixed
D. Indifferent.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The study showed intelligence can be connected to。