高二全球经济与社会变革英语阅读理解25题

高二全球经济与社会变革英语阅读理解25题
1
<背景文章>
Globalization has had a profound impact on the economic structures of different countries around the world. Both developed and developing countries have experienced significant changes as a result of increased global integration.
Let's first take a look at developed countries. Take the United States as an example. In the past few decades, due to globalization, the manufacturing industry in the United States has gradually declined. Many manufacturing jobs have been outsourced to developing countries where labor costs are much lower. This has led to a shift in the economic structure of the United States towards a more service - based economy. The high - tech and financial sectors have become the main pillars of the US economy. For instance, Silicon Valley in California has become a global center for technology innovation, attracting talent and investment from all over the world.
On the other hand, developing countries have also been greatly influenced. China is a remarkable case. With the wave of globalization, China has actively participated in international trade. China has a large population and relatively low - cost labor, which has attracted a large
number of foreign - funded enterprises to invest and build factories. This has promoted the rapid development of China's manufacturing industry. China has gradually become the "world's factory", and its economic structure has also been continuously optimized. In recent years, China has also been strengthening its high - tech and service industries, moving from a pure manufacturing - based economy to a more diversified economic structure.
India is another developing country that has benefited from globalization. India has a large number of English - speaking people, which has given it an advantage in the service outsourcing industry. Many international companies outsource their software development, customer service and other business processes to India. This has promoted the development of India's service industry and also changed its economic structure to a certain extent.
In conclusion, globalization has brought both opportunities and challenges to different countries. It has reshaped the economic structures of countries around the world, and countries need to adapt to these changes in order to achieve sustainable economic development.
1. What has happened to the manufacturing industry in the United States due to globalization?
A. It has been strengthened.
B. It has gradually declined.
C. It has remained unchanged.
D. It has been replaced by the agricultural industry.
答案：B。

解析：文章中明确提到“In the past few decades, due to globalization, the manufacturing industry in the United States has gradually declined.”，所以美国的制造业是逐渐衰退的，A选项说加强了，C选项说没有变化，D选项说被农业取代都不符合文章内容。

2. Which industry has become a main pillar of the US economy as a result of globalization?
A. Agriculture.
B. Manufacturing.
C. High - tech and financial sectors.
D. Mining.
答案：C。

解析：文章指出“the high - tech and financial sectors have become the main pillars of the US economy.”，A选项农业，B选项制造业文中已表明在衰退，D选项矿业文章未提及是美国经济的主要支柱。

3. What advantage does India have in the service outsourcing industry?
A. Low - cost labor.
B. A large number of English - speaking people.
C. Rich natural resources.
D. Advanced manufacturing technology.
答案：B。

解析：文中提到“India has a large number of English - speaking people, which has given it an advantage in the service outsourcing
industry.”，A选项低成本劳动力是中国的优势，C选项丰富的自然资源文章未提及是印度在服务外包行业的优势，D选项先进的制造技术也不是印度在服务外包行业的优势。

4. How has China's economic structure changed with globalization?
A. It has always been a pure manufacturing - based economy.
B. It has changed from a manufacturing - based economy to a more diversified one.
C. It has shifted from a service - based economy to a manufacturing - based one.
D. It has become a pure service - based economy.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到“China has gradually become the "world's factory", and its economic structure has also been continuously optimized. In recent years, China has also been strengthening its high - tech and service industries, moving from a pure manufacturing - based economy to a more diversified economic structure.”，A选项说一直是纯制造业经济不符合，C选项说从服务业经济转向制造业经济错误，D选项说变成纯服务业经济也不对。

5. What is the overall impact of globalization on countries' economic structures according to the passage?
A. Only positive.
B. Only negative.
C. Both positive and negative.
D. None.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到全球化使美国制造业衰退但也让其高科技和金融等服务业成为支柱，中国和印度在全球化中既有制造业或服务业的发展也面临着结构优化等情况，所以全球化对各国经济结构的影响是既有积极的也
2
<背景文章>
In recent years, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain have been making significant impacts on society, leading to far - reaching social changes.
AI, with its remarkable ability to process and analyze large amounts of data, has been transforming the employment structure. Many routine and repetitive jobs are being automated. For example, in the manufacturing industry, robots powered by AI can perform tasks such as assembly line work with high precision and efficiency. This has led to a decline in the demand for low - skilled labor in such areas. However, it has also created new job opportunities. Jobs related to AI research, development, and maintenance have emerged. People are needed to design algorithms, train models, and ensure the proper functioning of AI systems.
Blockchain technology, on the other hand, is revolutionizing the way we conduct transactions and manage data. In the financial sector, blockchain enables faster and more secure cross - border payments. It
eliminates the need for intermediaries in many financial transactions, reducing costs and increasing transparency. In addition, blockchain has applications in supply chain management. It allows for better tracking of products from the source to the end - consumer, ensuring authenticity and quality.
These emerging technologies are also changing our lifestyles. With the development of AI - powered virtual assistants, our daily lives have become more convenient. We can use voice commands to perform various tasks such as setting reminders, playing music, or getting information about the weather. Smart home devices, which are often integrated with AI and blockchain for security and efficiency, are becoming more and more popular.
In conclusion, emerging technologies are playing a crucial role in driving social change. They are reshaping the employment structure and revolutionizing our lifestyles, and we can expect even more profound changes in the future.
6. What is the main impact of AI on the employment structure?
A. It only creates new high - skilled jobs.
B. It completely replaces all human jobs.
C. It automates routine jobs and creates new jobs related to it.
D. It has no impact on the employment structure.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到AI使许多常规和重复性工作自动化，
同时也创造了与AI研究、开发和维护相关的新工作机会，所以C选项正确。

A选项说只创造高技能新工作太片面；B选项说完全取代所有人类工作不符合原文；D选项说没有影响是错误的。

7. How does blockchain technology benefit the financial sector?
A. It makes financial transactions more complex.
B. It increases the role of intermediaries.
C. It enables faster and more secure cross - border payments.
D. It has no real application in the financial sector.
答案：C。

解析：原文明确指出在金融领域，区块链使跨境支付更快更安全，C选项正确。

A选项说让金融交易更复杂与原文相悖；B选项说增加中介的作用，原文是减少中介；D选项说在金融领域没有实际应用是错误的。

8. What can we do with AI - powered virtual assistants?
A. Only get information about the weather.
B. Use voice commands to perform various tasks.
C. They are useless for our daily life.
D. Only set reminders.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到我们可以使用AI驱动的虚拟助手的语音指令来执行各种任务，如设置提醒、播放音乐或获取天气信息等，B选项正确。

A选项和D选项都只提到了其中部分功能；C选项说对日常生活无用是错误的。

9. Which of the following statements about emerging technologies
and lifestyles is true?
A. Emerging technologies have no impact on lifestyles.
B. Smart home devices are not related to emerging technologies.
C. Emerging technologies make our lifestyles more convenient.
D. Only AI affects our lifestyles.
答案：C。

解析：文章阐述了新兴技术如AI和区块链在改变我们的生活方式，使生活更方便，C选项正确。

A选项说没有影响是错误的；B选项说智能家居设备与新兴技术无关是错误的；D选项说只有AI影响生活方式太片面。

10. What is the overall role of emerging technologies in society?
A. They cause chaos in society.
B. They play a crucial role in driving social change.
C. They have only a minor impact on society.
D. They are only important in the economic field.
答案：B。

解析：文章最后总结新兴技术在推动社会变革中起着至关重要的作用，B选项正确。

A选项说造成社会混乱不符合原文；C选项说只有小影响是错误的；D选项说只在经济领域重要太片面。

3
<背景文章>
The 2008 financial crisis was one of the most significant economic events in recent history, and its impact on the global society has been far - reaching.
First of all, in terms of social welfare, many countries had to cut back on their welfare programs. With the economic downturn, governments faced reduced revenues. For example, in some European countries, the unemployment rate soared. As a result, the funds available for unemployment benefits were stretched thin. There were also cuts in healthcare and education spending in some regions. This led to a decline in the quality of public services that people relied on.
Secondly, the financial crisis exacerbated social contradictions. The gap between the rich and the poor widened. The wealthy, who often had more diversified investment portfolios, were able to weather the storm better in some cases. However, the working - class and the poor were hit hard. Many lost their jobs, and those who managed to keep their jobs often faced wage cuts. This led to increased social unrest in some areas. There were more protests and strikes as people demanded better economic conditions and more social justice.
In addition, the housing market collapse, which was a major part of the 2008 financial crisis, left many people homeless or in a precarious housing situation. Mortgage defaults were common, and banks foreclosed on many properties. This not only affected individuals and families but also had a negative impact on the stability of communities.
Overall, the 2008 financial crisis had a profound and long - lasting impact on the global society, affecting various aspects of people's lives
from social welfare to social harmony.
11. What was one of the consequences of the 2008 financial crisis in terms of social welfare in some European countries?
A. The increase in welfare programs.
B. The reduction in unemployment benefits due to high unemployment rate.
C. The improvement of healthcare spending.
D. The expansion of education funds.
Answer: B。

详细解析：文章提到在经济危机下，许多欧洲国家失业率飙升，用于失业救济金的资金变得紧张，这意味着由于高失业率，失业救济金减少了。

A选项与原文相悖，原文提到福利项目是削减的；C选项原文提到医疗支出削减而不是提高；D选项原文提到教育资金也是削减而不是扩张。

12. Who were more likely to be better off during the financial crisis according to the passage?
A. The working - class.
B. The poor.
C. The wealthy with diversified investment portfolios.
D. Those who lost their jobs.
Answer: C。

详细解析：文章指出那些拥有更多元化投资组合的富人在某些情况下能够更好地应对危机，而工人阶级和穷人受到沉重打击，失去工作的人显然不是更好的状况，所以A、B、D选项错误。

13. What led to increased social unrest during the financial crisis?
A. The improvement of public services.
B. The narrowing of the gap between the rich and the poor.
C. The hard - hitting of the working - class and the poor, such as job loss and wage cuts.
D. The stability of the housing market.
Answer: C。

详细解析：文中提到工人阶级和穷人受到重创，如失业和减薪，这导致了社会动荡增加。

A选项公共服务是下降的而不是改善；B选项贫富差距是扩大而不是缩小；D选项住房市场是崩溃不稳定的而不是稳定的。

14. What was a major part of the 2008 financial crisis related to housing?
A. The increase in housing prices.
B. The stability of the mortgage market.
C. The housing market collapse and mortgage defaults.
D. The improvement of people's housing situation.
Answer: C。

详细解析：文章明确指出2008年金融危机中住房市场崩溃和抵押贷款违约是与住房相关的主要部分。

A选项房价是下降而不是上升；B选项抵押市场是不稳定的而不是稳定的；D选项人们的住房状况是恶化而不是改善。

15. Which of the following best summarizes the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on global society?
A. It only affected the economic aspect.
B. It had a profound impact on various aspects of people's lives including social welfare and social harmony.
C. It improved the social welfare system.
D. It made the rich poorer and the poor richer.
Answer: B。

详细解析：文章整体论述了2008年金融危机对全球社会的多方面影响，包括社会福利、社会矛盾等，也就是对人们生活的各个方面包括社会福利和社会和谐有着深远的影响。

A选项错误，因为它不仅仅影响经济方面；C选项与原文相悖，社会福利系统是被削弱的；D选项与原文贫富差距扩大相矛盾。

4
<背景文章>
In the era of globalization, international trade policies play a crucial role in reshaping the global economic pattern. Tariff policies, in particular, are a significant tool in the hands of governments. For instance, when a country imposes higher tariffs on imported goods, it aims to protect its domestic industries. This can have a profound impact on the global supply chain. Domestic producers may benefit as they face less competition from foreign counterparts. However, this also means that consumers in that country may have to pay more for certain products.
Trade agreements, on the other hand, are designed to promote international trade. Free - trade agreements between countries eliminate or
reduce tariffs and other trade barriers. This encourages the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. For example, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has significantly influenced the economic relationship between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. It has led to increased trade volumes, the expansion of industries in certain regions, and the creation of jobs.
The changes in international trade policies can also lead to the shift of economic power. Emerging economies are increasingly participating in international trade and are often involved in negotiating new trade agreements. As they lower their own trade barriers and gain access to larger international markets, their economic influence grows. Meanwhile, traditional economic powers may need to adjust their policies to adapt to the new competitive environment.
Moreover, the digital revolution has added a new dimension to international trade policies. E - commerce has become a significant part of global trade. Governments are now formulating policies related to digital trade, such as data protection regulations and cross - border e - commerce taxation. These policies will further reshape the global economic pattern as the digital economy continues to expand.
1. <问题16>
A. Tariffs always lead to the growth of domestic industries.
B. Tariffs can protect domestic industries but may have negative
impacts on consumers.
C. Tariffs have no influence on international trade.
D. Tariffs are only used by developing countries.
答案：B。

<解析：文章提到当一个国家提高进口商品关税时，目的是保护本国产业，这会使国内生产者受益，但本国消费者可能要为某些产品支付更多费用，所以关税可以保护国内产业但可能对消费者有负面影响，A选项说关税总是导致国内产业增长太绝对，C选项说关税对国际贸易无影响是错误的，D选项说关税只被发展中国家使用也是错误的。

>
2. <问题17>
A. Free - trade agreements only reduce tariffs.
B. Free - trade agreements have no impact on the flow of capital.
C. Free - trade agreements promote the cross - border flow of goods, services and capital.
D. Free - trade agreements are only beneficial to developed countries.
答案：C。

<解析：文中明确指出自由贸易协定旨在促进国际贸易，消除或减少关税和其他贸易壁垒，这鼓励了商品、服务和资本的跨境流动，A选项说只减少关税错误，B选项说对资本流动无影响错误，D选项说只对发达国家有益错误。

>
3. <问题18>
A. Emerging economies are not interested in international trade.
B. Emerging economies are only involved in traditional trade.
C. Emerging economies' participation in international trade can increase their economic influence.
D. Emerging economies are not affected by international trade policies.
答案：C。

<解析：文章提到新兴经济体越来越多地参与国际贸易并参与新贸易协定的谈判，随着它们降低自身贸易壁垒并进入更大的国际市场，它们的经济影响力会增长，A选项说新兴经济体对国际贸易不感兴趣错误，B选项说只参与传统贸易错误，D选项说不受国际贸易政策影响错误。

>
4. <问题19>
A. The digital revolution has no relation to international trade policies.
B. E - commerce is not an important part of global trade.
C. Governments' digital trade policies will reshape the global economic pattern.
D. Data protection regulations are not part of digital trade policies.
答案：C。

<解析：文章指出数字革命为国际贸易政策增加了新维度，电子商务是全球贸易的重要部分，政府正在制定与数字贸易相关的政策，这些政策将随着数字经济的持续扩张进一步重塑全球经济格局，A选项说数字革命与国际贸易政策无关错误，B选项说电子商务不是全球贸易重要部分错误，D选项说数据保护法规不是数字贸易政策一部分错误。

>
5. <问题20>
A. Traditional economic powers don't need to adjust their policies.
B. Traditional economic powers will be replaced by emerging economies soon.
C. Traditional economic powers need to adapt to the new competitive environment by adjusting policies.
D. Traditional economic powers are not affected by emerging economies.
答案：C。

<解析：文中提到传统经济强国可能需要调整政策以适应新的
5
<背景文章>
In the modern era, the relationship between social sustainable development and economic growth has become a crucial topic of discussion. Social sustainable development mainly focuses on environmental protection and efficient resource utilization. On one hand, environmental protection is essential for the long - term survival of humanity. A clean environment provides us with fresh air, clean water, and a stable ecosystem. For example, forests play a vital role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem. They not only absorb carbon dioxide but also provide habitats for countless species. However, economic development often puts pressure on the environment. Industries may discharge pollutants into the air and water during the production process, which can
lead to environmental degradation.
On the other hand, efficient resource utilization is also an important part of social sustainable development. Resources such as water, energy, and minerals are limited. If we do not use them rationally, future generations may face shortages. But economic development requires a large amount of resources. For instance, the construction industry needs a lot of building materials like steel and cement, which are made from non - renewable resources.
Finding a balance between social sustainable development and economic growth is not easy. It requires the joint efforts of governments, enterprises, and individuals. Governments can formulate relevant policies to encourage environmental protection and sustainable resource utilization. Enterprises should adopt clean production technologies to reduce environmental pollution. And individuals can also contribute by saving resources and reducing waste in their daily lives.
21. What is the main focus of social sustainable development according to the passage?
A. Only environmental protection.
B. Only resource utilization.
C. Environmental protection and resource utilization.
D. Economic development.
答案：C。

解析：文章明确提到社会可持续发展主要关注环境保
护和资源有效利用，A选项只提到环境保护，B选项只提到资源利用，D选项经济发展并非社会可持续发展的主要关注点，所以C正确。

22. What role do forests play in the ecosystem according to the passage?
A. They only absorb carbon dioxide.
B. They only provide habitats for species.
C. They neither absorb carbon dioxide nor provide habitats.
D. They absorb carbon dioxide and provide habitats for species.
答案：D。

解析：文中指出森林在维持生态系统平衡方面起着至关重要的作用，它们不仅吸收二氧化碳，还为无数物种提供栖息地，
A、B选项都只提到了一个方面，C选项与原文相悖，所以D正确。

23. Why does economic development put pressure on the environment?
A. Because industries discharge pollutants during production.
B. Because economic development doesn't need resources.
C. Because economic development has nothing to do with the environment.
D. Because industries don't use any resources.
答案：A。

解析：文章提到经济发展过程中，工业在生产过程中可能向空气和水中排放污染物，这会导致环境恶化，B选项经济发展需要资源，C选项经济发展与环境有关系，D选项工业需要使用资源，所以A正确。

24. What can governments do to balance social sustainable
development and economic growth?
A. Do nothing.
B. Only encourage economic development.
C. Formulate relevant policies.
D. Ignore environmental protection.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到政府可以制定相关政策来鼓励环境保护和可持续资源利用，A选项什么都不做不符合要求，B选项只鼓励经济发展不能平衡两者关系，D选项忽视环境保护是错误的，所以C 正确。

25. How can individuals contribute to social sustainable development?
A. By wasting resources.
B. By using a large amount of resources.
C. By saving resources and reducing waste.
D. By only focusing on economic growth.
答案：C。

解析：文章指出个人可以通过在日常生活中节约资源和减少浪费来为社会可持续发展做出贡献，A选项浪费资源与要求相悖，B选项使用大量资源不利于可持续发展，D选项只关注经济增长不符合题意，所以C正确。