Venturi Meter H5

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仪器仪表常用英语词汇

仪器仪表常用英语词汇

仪器仪表常用英语词汇pH计 pH meterX射线衍射仪 X-ray diffractometerX射线荧光光谱仪 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer 力测量仪表 force measuring instrument孔板 orifice plate文丘里管 venturi tube水表 water meter加速度仪 accelerometer可编程序控制器 programmable controller平衡机 balancing machine皮托管 Pitot tube皮带秤 belt weigher光线示波器 light beam oscillograph光学高温计 optical pyrometer光学显微镜 optical microscope光谱仪器 optical spectrum instrument吊车秤 crane weigher地中衡 platform weigher字符图形显示器 character and graphic display位移测量仪表 displacement measuring instrument巡回检测装置 data logger波纹管 bellows长度测量工具 dimensional measuring instrument长度传感器 linear transducer厚度计 thickness gauge差热分析仪 differential thermal analyzer扇形磁场质谱计 sector magnetic field mass spectrometer 料斗秤 hopper weigher核磁共振波谱仪 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer 气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph浮球调节阀 float adjusting valve真空计 vacuum gauge动圈仪表 moving-coil instrument基地式调节仪表 local-mounted controller密度计 densitometer液位计 liquid level meter组装式仪表 package system减压阀 pressure reducing valve测功器 dynamometer紫外和可见光分光光度计 ultraviolet-visible spectrometer 顺序控制器 sequence controller微处理器 microprocessor温度调节仪表 temperature controller煤气表 gas meter节流阀 throttle valve电子自动平衡仪表 electronic self-balance instrument 电子秤 electronic weigher电子微探针 electron microprobe电子显微镜 electron microscope弹簧管 bourdon tube数字式显示仪表 digital display instrument热流计 heat-flow meter热量计 heat flux meter热电阻 resistance temperature热电偶 thermocouple膜片和膜盒 diaphragm and diaphragm capsule调节阀 regulating valve噪声计 noise meter应变仪 strain measuring instrument湿度计 hygrometer声级计 sound lever meter黏度计 viscosimeter转矩测量仪表 torque measuring instrument转速测量仪表 tachometer露点仪 dew-point meter变送器 transmitter仪器仪表常用术语性能特性 performance characteristic确定仪器仪表功能和能力的有关参数及其定量的表述;参比性能特性 reference performance characteristic在参比工作条件下达到的性能特性;范围 range由上、下限所限定的一个量的区间;注:"范围"通常加修饰语;例如:测量范围,标度范围;它可适用于被测量或工作条件等;测量范围 measuring range按规定准精确度进行测量的被测量的范围;测量范围下限值 measuring range lower limit按规定准精确度进行测量的被测量的最小值;测量范围上限值 measuring range higher limit按规定准精确度进行测量的被测量的最大值;量程 span范围上限值与下限值的代数差;例如:范围为-20℃至100℃时,量程为120℃;标度 scale构成指示装置一部分的一组有序的标度标记以及所有有关的数字;标度范围 scale range由标度始点值和终点值所限度的范围;标度标记 scale mark指示装置上对应于一个或多个确定的被测量值的标度线或其它标记;注:对于数字示值,数字本身等效于标度标记;零标度标记 zero scale mark同义词:零标度线;标度盘板上标有"零"数字的标度标记或标度线;标度分格 scale division任何两个相邻标度标记之间的标度部分;标度分格值 value of scale division又称格值;标度中对应两相邻标度标记的被测量值之差;标度分格间距 scale spacing, length of a scale division沿着表示标度长度的同一线段上所测得的任何两个相邻标度标记中心线之间的距离;标度长度 scale length在给定的标度上,通过所有最短标记中点的线段在始末标度标记之间的长度;注:此线段可以是实在的或假想的曲线或直线;标度始点值 minimum scale value标度始点标记所对应的被测量值;标度终点值 maximum scale value标度终点标记所对应的被测量值;标度数字 scale numbering标在标度上的整组数字,它对应于标度标记所确定的被测量值,或只表示标度标记的数字顺序;线性标度 linear scale标度中各分格间距与对应的分格值呈常数比例关系的标度;注:标度分格间距为常数的线性标度称为规则标度;非线性标度 nonlinear scale标度中各标度分格间距与对应的分格值呈非常数比例关系的标度; 注:某些非线性标度有专门的名称,例如对数标度、平方律标度;抑零标度 suppressed-zero scale标度范围内不包含与被测量零值相对应的标度值的标度;例如:医用温度计的标度;扩展标度 expanded scale标度范围内,不成比例的扩展部分占了大部分标度长度的标度;自控仪表安装相关英语词汇控仪表安装图册 INSTRUMENT HOOK-UP DRAWING INST. HOOK-UP DWG. 安装图 INSTALLATION DRAWINGINSTL. DWG.无缝 SEAMLESS SMLS镀锌 GALVANIZED GALV带螺纹 THREAD END加厚 THICKED对焊 BUTT-WELDING承插焊 SOCKET-WELDING卡套式 FERRULE-TYPE插入式 INSERT-TYPE INT.压环式 COMPRESSION-TYPE COMP. 内螺纹 FEMALE THREAD F外螺纹 MALE THREAD M二阀组 2-VALVE MANIFOLD多路阀 GAUGE MULTIPORT VALVE 三阀组 3-VALVE MANIFOLD五阀组 5-VALVE MANIFOLD导压管 PRESSURE PIPE气动管 PNEUMATIC TUBE取压管接头 PRESSURE TAP压力表接头 GAUGE CONNECTOR冷凝弯圈 PIPE SYPHON终端接头 END CONNECTOR活接头 UNION弯通 ELBOW三通 TEE穿板接头 BULKHEAD UNION填料函 PACKING带丝堵三通 PLUG TEE放空丝堵 VENT PLUG排放丝堵 DRAIN PLUG隔离容器 SEAL CHAMBER冷凝容器 CONDENSATE POT分离容器 SEPARATOR OR SEAL CHAMBER大小头 REDUCER管帽 CAP丝堵 PLUG单头活接头 HALF UNION伴热管 TRACER保温 INSULATION疏水器 STEAM TRAP保温箱或保护箱 HEATING BOX PROTECTION BOX防爆密封接头 EXd PACKING GLAND防水密封接头 WATER-PROOF PACKING GLAND防爆铠装电缆密封接头 EXd. ARMORED-CABLE PACKING GLAND防水铠装电缆密封接头 WATER-PROOF ARMORED-CABLE PACKING GLAND 接管式防爆密封接头 EXd. PACKING GLAND FOR CONNECTING PIPE接管式防水密封接头 WATER-PROOF PACKING GLAND FOR CONNECTINGPIPE防爆密封接头挠性管 FLEXIBLE CONDUIT WITH EXd. PACKING GLAND 防水密封接头挠性管 FLEXIBLE CONDUIT WITH WATER-PROOF PACKING GLAND防水挠性管 WATER-PROOF FLEXIBLE CONDUIT钢制电缆管 RIGID STEEL CONDUIT穿线盒 PULL BOX密封接头 SEALING FITTING护线帽 BUSHING锁紧螺母 LOCK NUT管箍 COUPLING标准弯管 NORMAL BEND通用穿线盒 UNIVERASAL FITTING增安型 INCREASED-SAFETY接线箱 JUNCTION BOX电缆汇线槽 CABLE DUCT化工管道设计技术英语词汇管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class designation公称直径 nominal diameter DN; nominal pipe size公称压力 nominal pressure PN压力级,等级,类别 class CL低压 low pressure .中压 medium pressure .高压 high pressure .大气压 atmosphere ATM真空 vacuum工作压力 operating pressure; working pressure设计压力 design pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance管道附件 piping attachment管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness WT壁厚系列号 schedule number SCH. No.加厚的,加强的 extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong 通用连接组 typieal installation分组类形式如管道等级表 block form数据库 data base文件 fileMaterial Take-off MTO汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material BM综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet CPMSS统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off材料情况报告 material status report MSR散装材料 bulk material编位号的 itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity QTY重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight设备布置及管道布置 Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement设备名称 Equipment Name容器 Vessel塔 tower, column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower反应器 reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器,变换器 converter脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器 methanator气柜 gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder贮罐 tank; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽 feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐 flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank 地下槽 sloptank分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclone分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器 agitator干燥器 dryer混合器 mixer萃取器 extractor结晶器 crystallizer澄清器 gravity settler净化器 purifier气化器 vaporizer吸附器 adsorber融解槽 melter减温器 desuperheater升压器 booster喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer火炬 flare消声器 silencer换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器 chiller预热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater过热器 super heater给水加热器 feed water heater中间冷却器 inter cooler后冷却器 after cooler炉子 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler烟囱 stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler省煤器 economizer回热炉 direct-fired heater辐射段 radiant section对流段 convection section裂化炉 reformer焚烧炉 incinerator回转窑 rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器 soot blower观察孔 observation door, peep door防爆门 explosion door分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room配电室,变电所 substation, switch room 蓄电池室 battery room控制室 control room通风室 ventilating room贮藏室 storage room维修间 maintenance room办公室 office更农室 locker room盥洗室,厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan PAP管道布置 piping layout轴测图 isometric drawing分区索引图 key plan初版设备布置图“A”版 preliminary plot plan “A” issue内部审查版设备布置图“B”版 inrernal approval plot plan “B”issue用户审查版设备布置图“C”版 owner approval plot plan “C”issue确认版设备布置图“D”版 confirm plot plan “D” issue研究版设备布置图“e”版 planning plot plan “E” issue设计版设备布置图“F” designing plot plan “F” issue施工版设备布置图“G”版 construction plot plan “G” issue 压缩机房 compressor house room泵房 pump house room洗眼站 eye washer station泡沫站 foam station软管站,公用工程站 hose station HS, utility station 成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界 plant limit项目区界 batterylimit BL区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site东 east E西 west W南 south S北 north N上 up下 down工厂北向 plant north真实北向 true north道路 road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道,过道 walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑井 sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区 trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 unpaved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber paving面积,区域 area体积,容积 volume VOL管道设计 piping design管道研究 piping study走向研究 routing study重要管道 critical piping地上管道 above ground piping地下管道 under ground piping管网 network of pipes管廊 pipe rack管沟 piping trench管间距 line spacing管道跨距 line span总管 header, manifold旁路 by pass排液 drain放空 vent上升管,垂直管 riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iine管件直接 fitting to fitting FTF管段,接口 spool piece, spool取样接口 sampling connection集液包 drip leg伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan详图 detail“”视图X view “X”“”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图 hook up drawing接续图 continue on drawing COD 接续线 match line .比例 scale图例 legend符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 nozzle orientation定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizontal垂直的,立式的 vertical垂直,正交,垂直的 perpendicular 平行,平行的 parallel水平安装 horizontal installation 垂直安装 vertical installafion 对称的 symmetric相反的,对面的 opposite顺时针方向 clock wise逆时针方向 counter clock wise计算机辅助设计 computer aided design CAD 绝对标高 abselute elevation海平面标高 over-sea mean level OSL标高,立面 elevation EL混凝土顶面 top of concrete架顶面 top of support TOS钢结构顶面 top of steel梁项面 top of beam TOB支撑点 point of suppon POS管顶 top of pipe TOP管底 bouom of pipe BOP沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert inside bottom of pipe底平 flat on bottom FOB顶平 flat on top FOT工作点 working point .面至面 face to face F-F中心至端面 center to end C-E中心至面 center to face C-F中心至中心,中至中 center to center C-C 坐标 coordinate坐标原点 origin of coordinate出口中心线 center line of discharge入口中心线 center line of suction中心线 centerline CL入口 inlet, suction出口 outlet, discharge排出口 exhaust距离 distance流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram PFD管道及仪表流程图 piping andinstrument flow diagram PID公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram UFD 管线表 line list; line schedule命名表;管道表 nomenclature设备表 equipment list schedule流体 fluid空气 air仪表空气 instrument air工艺空气 process air低压蒸汽 low pressure steam中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam高压蒸汽 high pressure steam伴热蒸汽 tracing steam饱和蒸汽 saturated steam过热蒸汽 superheated steam氧气 oxygen氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气 fuel gas天然气 natural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气 sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas LPG 氨气 ammonia gas冷却水 cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate盐水 brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油 fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密封油 sealing oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solvent溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda流体特性 fluid characteristics 蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure 比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion 有毒的 toxic可燃的;易燃的 flammable回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环;再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 preparation蒸汽吹扫 steaming out吹扫 purge抽空;排空 evacuation吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 net positive suction head NPSH进料 feed成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature建筑物 building钢结构 steel structure已有钢结构 existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor平台 platform PF地面 ground level栏杆 handrail楼梯 stair; stair way直梯 ladder柱 column; post; stanchion 基础 foundation; footing 粱 beam斜撑;支撑 bracing桁架;主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating吊装孔 erection opening吊梁 hoisting beam棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载 wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载 dead load活荷载 live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most frequent wind direction 盘操作盘 panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘 instrument panel常开 normally open常闭 normally closed电缆槽架 cable tray channel; cable rack 仪表电缆槽架 instrument cable tray duct 压力计 manometer; pressure gauge热电偶 thermocouple温度计 thermometer液位计 level gauge玻璃液位计 gage glass温度计保护管 thermowell流量计 flow meter孔板 orifice变送器 transmitter联锁 interlock仪器;设备 apparatus仪器分析 instrumental analysis自动分析 automatic analysis气体分析 gas analysis化学分析 chemical analysis气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis危险区划分 hazardous area classification 危险区平面图 hazardous area plan电气盘 electrical panel配电盘 switch board电缆沟 cable trench电流 current直流 direct current交流 alternating current频率 frequency相位 phase功率因数 power factor电压 voltage电阻 resistance电容 capacitance静电 static electricity接地 grounding; easthing照明 lighting; illumination 避雷针 lightning preventer 电话 telephone电线 wire接线箱盒 junction box导线管 conduit tube固定鞍座 fixed saddle滑动鞍座 sliding saddle管口 nozzle人孔 manhole MH手孔 handhole HH检查孔 inspection hole吊柱 davit切线 tangent line焊接线 weldingiine件号 part humbet椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head加强圈 reinforcing ring接地板 earth lug吊耳 lifting lug气缸 cylinder轴 shaft轴承 bearing附件,附属设备 accessory编位号设备 itemized equipment无位号设备 non-itemized equipment 原水 raw water硬水 hard water软水 soft water饮用水 potable water循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water苦咸水碱性水 brackish water生活污水 sanitary sewer工业废水 industrial waste water雨水 rain water污染雨水 contaminated rain water消防水 fire water软化装置 softener沉淀器 settler沉淀池 clarifier脱盐装置 demineralizer水处理 water traatment冷却塔 cooling tower中和池 neutralization tank 化粪池 septic tank渗滤井 soak-away pit井 well阀井 valve pit清扫口 clean out消火栓 hydrant水炮 water monitor洒水器 sprinkler水喷淋 watering灭火器 fire extinguisher消防水泵 fire pump消防车 fire fighting truck 泡沫消防 foam fire-fighting 泡沫栓 foam hydrant泡沫炮 foam monitor消防软管接头 fire hose connectionacceleration transducer 加速度传感器acceptance testing 验收测试accessibility 可及性accumulated error 累积误差AC-DC-AC frequency converter 交-直-交变频器AC alternating current electric drive 交流电子传动active attitude stabilization 主动姿态稳定actuator 驱动器,执行机构adaline 线性适应元adaptation layer 适应层adaptive telemeter system 适应遥测系统adjoint operator 伴随算子admissible error 容许误差aggregation matrix 集结矩阵AHP analytic hierarchy process 层次分析法amplifying element 放大环节analog-digital conversion 模数转换annunciator 信号器antenna pointing control 天线指向控制anti-integral windup 抗积分饱卷aperiodic decomposition 非周期分解a posteriori estimate 后验估计approximate reasoning 近似推理a priori estimate 先验估计articulated robot 关节型机器人assignment problem 配置问题,分配问题associative memory model 联想记忆模型associatron 联想机asymptotic stability 渐进稳定性attained pose drift 实际位姿漂移attitude acquisition 姿态捕获AOCS attritude and orbit control system 姿态轨道控制系统attitude angular velocity 姿态角速度attitude disturbance 姿态扰动attitude maneuver 姿态机动attractor 吸引子augment ability 可扩充性augmented system 增广系统automatic manual station 自动-手动操作器automaton 自动机autonomous system 自治系统backlash characteristics 间隙特性base coordinate system 基座坐标系Bayes classifier 贝叶斯分类器bearing alignment 方位对准bellows pressure gauge 波纹管压力表benefit-cost analysis 收益成本分析bilinear system 双线性系统biocybernetics 生物控制论biological feedback system 生物反馈系统black box testing approach 黑箱测试法blind search 盲目搜索block diagonalization 块对角化Boltzman machine 玻耳兹曼机bottom-up development 自下而上开发boundary value analysis 边界值分析brainstorming method 头脑风暴法breadth-first search 广度优先搜索butterfly valve 蝶阀CAE computer aided engineering 计算机辅助工程CAM computer aided manufacturing 计算机辅助制造Camflex valve 偏心旋转阀canonical state variable 规范化状态变量capacitive displacement transducer 电容式位移传感器capsule pressure gauge 膜盒压力表CARD 计算机辅助研究开发Cartesian robot 直角坐标型机器人cascade compensation 串联补偿catastrophe theory 突变论centrality 集中性chained aggregation 链式集结chaos 混沌characteristic locus 特征轨迹chemical propulsion 化学推进calrity 清晰性classical information pattern 经典信息模式classifier 分类器clinical control system 临床控制系统closed loop pole 闭环极点closed loop transfer function 闭环传递函数cluster analysis 聚类分析coarse-fine control 粗-精控制cobweb model 蛛网模型coefficient matrix 系数矩阵cognitive science 认知科学cognitron 认知机coherent system 单调关联系统combination decision 组合决策combinatorial explosion 组合爆炸combined pressure and vacuum gauge 压力真空表command pose 指令位姿companion matrix 相伴矩阵compartmental model 房室模型compatibility 相容性,兼容性compensating network 补偿网络compensation 补偿,矫正compliance 柔顺,顺应composite control 组合控制computable general equilibrium model 可计算一般均衡模型conditionally instability 条件不稳定性configuration 组态connectionism 连接机制connectivity 连接性conservative system 守恒系统consistency 一致性constraint condition 约束条件consumption function 消费函数context-free grammar 上下文无关语法continuous discrete event hybrid system simulation 连续离散事件混合系统仿真continuous duty 连续工作制control accuracy 控制精度control cabinet 控制柜controllability index 可控指数controllable canonical form 可控规范型control plant 控制对象,被控对象controlling instrument 控制仪表control moment gyro 控制力矩陀螺control panel 控制屏,控制盘control synchro 控制式自整角机control system synthesis 控制系统综合control time horizon 控制时程cooperative game 合作对策coordinability condition 可协调条件coordination strategy 协调策略coordinator 协调器corner frequency 转折频率costate variable 共态变量cost-effectiveness analysis 费用效益分析coupling of orbit and attitude 轨道和姿态耦合critical damping 临界阻尼critical stability 临界稳定性cross-over frequency 穿越频率,交越频率current source inverter 电流源型逆变器cut-off frequency 截止频率cybernetics 控制论cyclic remote control 循环遥控cylindrical robot 圆柱坐标型机器人damped oscillation 阻尼振荡damper 阻尼器damping ratio 阻尼比data acquisition 数据采集data encryption 数据加密data preprocessing 数据预处理data processor 数据处理器DC generator-motor set drive 直流发电机-电动机组传动D controller 微分控制器decentrality 分散性decentralized stochastic control 分散随机控制decision space 决策空间decision support system 决策支持系统decomposition-aggregation approach 分解集结法decoupling parameter 解耦参数deductive-inductive hybrid modeling method 演绎与归纳混合建模法delayed telemetry 延时遥测derivation tree 导出树derivative feedback 微分反馈describing function 描述函数desired value 希望值despinner 消旋体destination 目的站detector 检出器deterministic automaton 确定性自动机deviation 偏差deviation alarm 偏差报警器DFD 数据流图diagnostic model 诊断模型diagonally dominant matrix 对角主导矩阵diaphragm pressure gauge 膜片压力表difference equation model 差分方程模型differential dynamical system 微分动力学系统differential game 微分对策differential pressure level meter 差压液位计differential pressure transmitter 差压变送器differential transformer displacement transducer 差动变压器式位移传感器differentiation element 微分环节digital filer 数字滤波器digital signal processing 数字信号处理digitization 数字化digitizer 数字化仪dimension transducer 尺度传感器direct coordination 直接协调disaggregation 解裂discoordination 失协调discrete event dynamic system 离散事件动态系统discrete system simulation language 离散系统仿真语言discriminant function 判别函数displacement vibration amplitude transducer 位移振幅传感器dissipative structure 耗散结构distributed parameter control system 分布参数控制系统distrubance 扰动disturbance compensation 扰动补偿diversity 多样性divisibility 可分性domain knowledge 领域知识dominant pole 主导极点dose-response model 剂量反应模型dual modulation telemetering system 双重调制遥测系统dual principle 对偶原理dual spin stabilization 双自旋稳定duty ratio 负载比dynamic braking 能耗制动dynamic characteristics 动态特性dynamic deviation 动态偏差dynamic error coefficient 动态误差系数dynamic exactness 动它吻合性dynamic input-output model 动态投入产出模型econometric model 计量经济模型economic cybernetics 经济控制论economic effectiveness 经济效益economic evaluation 经济评价economic index 经济指数economic indicator 经济指标eddy current thickness meter 电涡流厚度计effectiveness 有效性effectiveness theory 效益理论elasticity of demand 需求弹性electric actuator 电动执行机构electric conductance levelmeter 电导液位计electric drive control gear 电动传动控制设备electric hydraulic converter 电-液转换器electric pneumatic converter 电-气转换器electrohydraulic servo vale 电液伺服阀electromagnetic flow transducer 电磁流量传感器electronic batching scale 电子配料秤electronic belt conveyor scale 电子皮带秤electronic hopper scale 电子料斗秤elevation 仰角emergency stop 异常停止empirical distribution 经验分布endogenous variable 内生变量equilibrium growth 均衡增长equilibrium point 平衡点equivalence partitioning 等价类划分ergonomics 工效学error 误差error-correction parsing 纠错剖析estimate 估计量estimation theory 估计理论evaluation technique 评价技术event chain 事件链evolutionary system 进化系统exogenous variable 外生变量expected characteristics 希望特性external disturbance 外扰fact base 事实failure diagnosis 故障诊断fast mode 快变模态feasibility study 可行性研究feasible coordination 可行协调feasible region 可行域feature detection 特征检测feature extraction 特征抽取feedback compensation 反馈补偿feedforward path 前馈通路field bus 现场总线finite automaton 有限自动机FIP factory information protocol 工厂信息协议first order predicate logic 一阶谓词逻辑fixed sequence manipulator 固定顺序机械手fixed set point control 定值控制FMS flexible manufacturing system 柔性制造系统flow sensor/transducer 流量传感器flow transmitter 流量变送器fluctuation 涨落forced oscillation 强迫振荡formal language theory 形式语言理论formal neuron 形式神经元forward path 正向通路forward reasoning 正向推理fractal 分形体,分维体frequency converter 变频器frequency domain model reduction method 频域模型降阶法frequency response 频域响应full order observer 全阶观测器functional decomposition 功能分解FES functional electrical stimulation 功能电刺激functional simularity 功能相似fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑game tree 对策树gate valve 闸阀general equilibrium theory 一般均衡理论generalized least squares estimation 广义最小二乘估计generation function 生成函数geomagnetic torque 地磁力矩geometric similarity 几何相似gimbaled wheel 框架轮global asymptotic stability 全局渐进稳定性global optimum 全局最优globe valve 球形阀goal coordination method 目标协调法grammatical inference 文法推断graphic search 图搜索gravity gradient torque 重力梯度力矩group technology 成组技术guidance system 制导系统gyro drift rate 陀螺漂移率gyrostat 陀螺体Hall displacement transducer 霍尔式位移传感器hardware-in-the-loop simulation 半实物仿真harmonious deviation 和谐偏差harmonious strategy 和谐策略heuristic inference 启发式推理hidden oscillation 隐蔽振荡hierarchical chart 层次结构图hierarchical planning 递阶规划hierarchical control 递阶控制homeostasis 内稳态homomorphic model 同态系统horizontal decomposition 横向分解hormonal control 内分泌控制hydraulic step motor 液压步进马达hypercycle theory 超循环理论I controller 积分控制器identifiability 可辨识性IDSS intelligent decision support system 智能决策支持系统image recognition 图像识别impulse 冲量impulse function 冲击函数,脉冲函数inching 点动incompatibility principle 不相容原理incremental motion control 增量运动控制index of merit 品质因数inductive force transducer 电感式位移传感器inductive modeling method 归纳建模法industrial automation 工业自动化inertial attitude sensor 惯性姿态敏感器inertial coordinate system 惯性坐标系inertial wheel 惯性轮inference engine 推理机infinite dimensional system 无穷维系统information acquisition 信息采集infrared gas analyzer 红外线气体分析器inherent nonlinearity 固有非线性inherent regulation 固有调节initial deviation 初始偏差initiator 发起站injection attitude 入轨姿势input-output model 投入产出模型instability 不稳定性instruction level language 指令级语言integral of absolute value of error criterion 绝对误差积分准则integral of squared error criterion 平方误差积分准则integral performance criterion 积分性能准则integration instrument 积算仪器integrity 整体性intelligent terminal 智能终端interacted system 互联系统,关联系统interactive prediction approach 互联预估法,关联预估法interconnection 互联intermittent duty 断续工作制internal disturbance 内扰ISM interpretive structure modeling 解释结构建模法invariant embedding principle 不变嵌入原理inventory theory 库伦论inverse Nyquist diagram 逆奈奎斯特图inverter 逆变器investment decision 投资决策isomorphic model 同构模型iterative coordination 迭代协调jet propulsion 喷气推进job-lot control 分批控制joint 关节Kalman-Bucy filer 卡尔曼-布西滤波器knowledge accomodation 知识顺应knowledge acquisition 知识获取knowledge assimilation 知识同化KBMS knowledge base management system 知识库管理系统knowledge representation 知识表达ladder diagram 梯形图lag-lead compensation 滞后超前补偿Lagrange duality 拉格朗日对偶性Laplace transform 拉普拉斯变换large scale system 大系统lateral inhibition network 侧抑制网络least cost input 最小成本投入least squares criterion 最小二乘准则level switch 物位开关libration damping 天平动阻尼limit cycle 极限环linearization technique 线性化方法linear motion electric drive 直线运动电气传动linear motion valve 直行程阀linear programming 线性规划LQR linear quadratic regulator problem 线性二次调节器问题load cell 称重传感器local asymptotic stability 局部渐近稳定性local optimum 局部最优log magnitude-phase diagram 对数幅相图long term memory 长期记忆lumped parameter model 集总参数模型Lyapunov theorem of asymptotic stability 李雅普诺夫渐近稳定。

水力学中英文专业名词对照

水力学中英文专业名词对照

中英文专业名词对照一画一维流动 One-dimensional Flow二画二维流动 Two-dimensional Flow三画大气压 Atmospheric Pressure定理 The Theorem上临界流速 Upper Critical Velocity下临界流速 Lower Critical Velocity三维流动 Three-dimensional Flow马赫数 Mach Number上举力 UpIift 上涌带 Zone of Wave Set-up四画升力 Lift升力系数 Coefficient of Lift水力半径 Hydraulic Radius水力坡度 Energy Gradient水击 Water-hammer直接水击 Rapid Closure间接水击 Slow Closure水击联锁方程 Interlocking Equation水头 Head压强水头 Pressure Head位置水头 E1evation Head作用水头 Acting Head总水头 Total Head测压管水头 Piezometric Head流速水头 Velocity Head惯性水头Acceleration Head水头线 Head Line总水头线 Total Head Line测压管水头线 Piezometric Head Line水头损失 Head Loss沿程水头损失 Frictional Head Loss沿程水头损失系数 Frictional Loss Factor局部水头损失 Local Head Loss局部水头损失系数 Local Loss Coefficient水轮机 Hydraulic Turbine水泵 Hydraulic Pump分子扩散 Mo1ecular Diffusion分子扩散系数 Coefficient of Molecular Diffusion 分离点 Point of Separation分散(离散) Dispersion内区 Inner Region内摩擦力 Internal Frictional Force比压计(压差计) Differential Gauge切应力 Shear Stress粘滞切应力 Viscous Shear Stress紊流附加切应力(雷诺应力) Reyno1ds Stress切应力系数 Coefficient of Shearing Stress毛细作用 Capillarity中性稳定曲线 Curve of Neutral Stability牛顿内摩擦定律 Newton's Law of Viscosity牛顿流体 Newtonian F1uid牛顿数 Newton Number文透里管 Venturi Meter无量纲数 Dimensionless Number无滑动条件 No Slip Condition井Well完全井 Completely Penetrating Well非完全井 Partially Penetrating Well自流井 Artesian Well井群 Multiple—well水力最优断面 Best Hydraulic Cross Section水电比拟 Electro—hydrodynamic Analogue水面线分桥 Analysis of Flow Profile水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile人工渠槽水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile in Artificial Channel天然河道水面线计算 Computation of Flow Profile in Natural Channel 分段法 The Standard Step Method数值积分法 The Graphical —intergration Method 水力指数法 The Direct一intergration Method水流强度参数 Flow Function Intensity of Shear on Particles 水跃 Hydraulic Jump自由水跃 Free Jump远驱水跃 Remote Jump临界水跃 Undular Hydraulic Jump临界水跃 Critical Jump弱水跃 weak Jump淹没水跃 Submerged Jump斜坡水跃 Hydraulic Jump in Sloping Channels强水跃 Strong Jump稳定水跃 Steady Jump摆动水跃 Oscillating Jump水跃长度 Length of Jump水跃的共轭水深 Conjugate Depths of Hydraulic Jump水跃的表面水滚 Surface Roller of Hydraulic Jump水跃的消能效率(水跃消能系数) Efficiency of Energy dissipation byHydraulic Jump水跃的跃后水深 The Sequent Depth of Hydralic Jump水跃的跃前水深 The Initial Depth of Hydraulic Jump水跃函数 Hydraulic Jump Function水跃高度 Height of Jump水跌 Hydraulic Drop孔口出流 Orifice Flow孔隙率(度) Porosity不冲流速 Nonscouring Velocity不淤流速 Nonsilting Velocity允许流通 Permissible Velocity内在渗透率 Intrinsic Permiability毛绷管水 Capillary Water分流齿 Chute Blocks牛顿流体 Newtonian F1uid 非牛顿流体 Non—Newtonian F1uid巴赞剖面 Bazin Profile比能(断面单位能量) Specific Energy元波 E1ementary Wave无阻力的正涌浪和负涌浪Frictionless Positive and Negative Surge Waves五画汇 Sink卡门通用常数 Von Universal Constant外区 Outer Region司托克斯定律 Stokes Theorem of Vortex Motion司托克斯流动 Stokes F1ow平面上的静水总压力 Total Hydrostatic Force on P1ane Area平面势流 Two-dimensional Potential Flow平移 Translation边界层 Boundary Layer层流边界层 Laminar Boundary Layer紊流边界层 Turbulent Boundary Layer边界层方程 Boundary Layer Equation边界层分离 Separation of Boundary Layer边界层动量积分方程式 Momentum Integral Equation of Boundary Layer边界层厚度 Boundary layer Thickness加速度 Acceleration当地加速度 (时变加速度) Local Acceleration迁移加速度 (位变加速度) Convective Acceleration史密特数 Schmidt Number电算实例 Examples of Computer Solution管网电算 Computer Solution of Pipe Network水击电算 Computer Solution of Water-hammer包气带 Zone of Aeration司托克斯定律 Stokes Law布辛尼斯克方程 Boussinesg Equation平底梯形断面明槽中的水跃 Hydrau1ic Jump in Horizontal TrapezoidalChannels平底矩形断面扩散槽中的Hydraulic Jump in Horizontal Rectangular Diverging Channels平底矩形明槽的水跃共轭水深关系式Equation of Conjugation Depth of Hydraulic Jump for HorizontalRectangular Channels平底棱柱形明槽中的水跃方程式Equation of Hydraulic Jump for Horizontal Prismatic Channels 平整(形态) F1at Bed(Plane Bed)平衡输沙 Equilibrium Transport of Sediment 不平衡输沙 Non-equilibrium Transport of Sediment边界条件 Boundary Condition自然边界条件 Natural Boundary Condition边界雷诺数 Boundary Reynolds Number正常水深 Normal Depth长波 Long Wave圣维南方程 Saint—Venant Equation六画压力中心 Center of Pressure压力体 Pressure Prism压力表 Pressure Gauge风箱式压力表 Bellows-type Pressure Gauge隔膜式压力表 Diaphragm-type Pressure Gauge弹黄式压力表 Spring—type Pressure Gauge管环式压力表 (布尔登压力表) Bourdon—type Pressure Gauge压力梯度 Pressure Gradient压应力 Compressive Stress压强 Pressure相对压强 (计示压强) Relative Pressure (Gauge Pressure) 绝对压强 Abso1ute Pressure真空压强 (负压) Vacuum Pressure (Negative Pressure)压强分布图 Pressure Distribution Diagram静水压强分布图 Hydrostatic Pressure Distribution Diagram压强场 Pressure Field压强系数 Pressure Coefficient压强势能 Potential Energy of Pressure压缩性 Compressibility动力水流 (摩阻流速、剪切流速) Fricion Velocity动水压强 Pressure in Flowing F1uid动态特性 Dynamic Characteristics动能 Kinetic Energy动能修正系数 Kinetic Energy Correction Factor动量方程 Momentum Equation动量矩方程 Moment of Momentum Equation动量修正系数 Momentum Correction Factor动量损失厚度 Momentum Thickness充分发展的紊流 Fully Developed Turbulence过水断面 Cross Section过渡层 Buffer Region自由出流 Free Discharge自由紊流 Free Turbulence自动记录 Automatic Recording毕托管 Pitot Tube有势力 Potential Force势流动 (无涡流动) Potential Flow (Irrotational Flow)有涡流动 (有旋流动) Rotational Flow曲面上的静水总压力 Total Hydrostatic Force on Curved Surface共振 Resonance扩散 Diffusion费克扩散定律Fick’s Law of Diffusion多普勒效应 Doppler Effect当量粗糙度 Equivalent Roughness传感器 Sensor光滑壁面 Smooth Wall收缩断面 Vena Contracta动力流速 Friction Velocity 动床 Movable Bed动床水力学 Fluvial Hydraulics地下水 Ground water地下水面 Groundwater Surface 地下水动力学 Groundwater Dynamics导水系数 Coefficient of Transmissibility 导水率 Transmissivity 多孔介质 Porous Medium自由出流 Free Outflow冲击波 Shock Wave冲刷坑最大水深 Maximum Water Depth in scour Pit冲泻质 wave Load各向同性 Isotropy各向异性 Anisotropy达西定律 Darcys Law有限元法 Finite E1ement Method有限差分法 Finite Difference Method有限振幅立波 Finite Amplitude Standing Wave 浅水立波 Standing Wave in Sha11ow Water深水立波 Standing Wave in Deep water有限振幅推进波 Finite Amplitude Progressive Wave浅水推进波 Progressive Wave in Shallow Water深水推进波 Progressive Wave in Deep Water有效溢流宽度 Effective width of The Spillway过渡(形态) Transition过渡段的急流 Supercritical Flow Through Transitions 过镀段的缓流 Subcritical Flow Through Transitions扩散法 Diffusive Scheme扩散系数 Diffusion Coefficient收缩断面 Vena Contracta收缩断面水深 Contractional Depth七画阻力 Drag压强阻力 (形状阻力) Pressure Drag(Form Drag)摩擦阻力 Frictional Drag阻力系数 Drag Coefficient应力张量 Stress Tensor均方根值 Root-mean-square均匀流 Uniform Flow纵向移流分散 Longitudinal Convective Dispersion运动方程 Equation of Motion一维非恒定流运动方程 One-dimensional Unsteady Flow Equation水击运动微分方程 Differential Equation for Water-hammer紊流时均的运动方程(雷诺方程) Reynolds Equation粘滞性液体的运动方程(纳维埃—司托克斯方程) Navier-Stokes Equation 理想液体的运动方程(欧拉方程) Euler Equation佛汝德数 Froude Number佛汝德相似准则 (重力相似准则) Froude Similarity Criterion攻角 Attack Angle时间平均法 Time-average Method时间平均流动 Mean Motion时均值 Time-average Value形状系数 Shape Factor表面力 Surface Force表面张力 Surface Tension表面张力系数Coefficient of Surface Tension角变形 Angular Deformation角变率 Rate of Angular Deformation角转速 Angular Velocity尾流 wake Flow层流 Laminar Flow层流翼型 Laminar Airfoil体积力 Body Force体积压缩系数 Coefficien of Volume (bulk)Compressibility体积弹性系数 Coefficien of Volume (bulk)Elasticity体积膨胀率 Rate of Volume Expansion连通管(U形管)U-tube连续介质 Continuum Medium连续方程 Continuity Equation一维恒定流连续方程 Continutiy Equation of One –dimentional Steady Flow一维非恒定流连续方程Continuity Equation of One –dimentional Unsteady Flow水击连续微分方程 Differential Continuity Equation of Water-hammer连续性微分方程 Differential Equation of Continuity时均流动的连续方程 Differential Continuity Mean Motion扩散物质的连续方程(费克扩散方程) Continuity Equation of Diffusion Substances连续扩散源 Source of Continuous Diffusion附着力Adhesion位置势能 Potential Energy of E1evation位移厚度 Displacement Thickness伯诺世方程 Bernoulli Equation伯诺坐积分 Bernoulli Integral扬程 Pump Head压水扬程 Discharge Head吸水扬程 Suction Head总扬程 Total Delivery Head纯数 Pure Number间歇现象 Intermittency含水层 Aquifer无压含水层 Unconfined Aquifer承压含水层 Confined Aquifer 含沙浓度(含沙量) Sediment Concentration 体积比浓度 Concentration by Volume 重量比浓度 Concentration by Weight 均匀流 Uniform Flow非均匀流 Non-uniform Flow均质土坝渗流 Seepage from Homogeneous Earth Dam 均质土壤 Homogeneous Soil 完全收缩 Complete Contraction 沙纹(形态) Ripple沙垄(形态) Dune床沙Bed Material床沙质Bed Material Load床面形态(沙波运动)Bed Forms(Sand Waves)时间步长Time Interval克里格尔剖面Creager Profile护坦Apron里兹法Rits Method初始条件Initial Condition两相流动Two-phase Flow佛汝德数Froude Number沉速(沉降流速)Fall Velocity(Terminal Settling Velocity)坎端水深Depth at The Brink吹程Fetch余波Swell余弦推进波Simple Harmonic Progressive Wave位移波的分类Classification of Translatory Wave深水波;浅水波Deep-water Wave;Sallow-water Wave连续波;不连续波Continuous Wave;Discontinuous Wave顺水波;逆水波Downstream Wave;Upstream Wave涨水波(正波);落水波(负波)Positive Wave;Negative Wave 阻力Drag阻力系数Drag Coefficient压强阻力Pressure Drag形状阻力Form Drag床面阻力Bed Resistance沙波阻力(床面形态阻力)Bar Resistance沙粒阻力Grain Resistance表面阻力Skin Resistance岸壁阻力Bank Resistance摩擦阻力Friction Force八画空化,空穴Cavitation空穴数Cavitation Number初生空穴数Incipient Cavitation Number空蚀Cavitation Damage非均匀流Non-uniform Flow急变流Rapidly Varied F1ow渐变流Gradually Varied F1ow非恒定流Unsteady Flow波动方程Wave Equation波速Velocity of Wave Propagation表现扩散系数Coefficient of Apparent Diffusion单位Unit工程单位制Unit System of Engineering国际单位制(SI) Systéme Internationale d’Unites 单位换算Conversion of Units真值Real Value线变形Linear Deformation线变率Rate of Linear Deformation拐点Point of Inflexion驻点(滞止点) Stagnation Point定倾中心Metacenter拉格朗日法Lagrangian Method拉普拉斯方程Laplace Equation势流叠加原理Superposition Principle of Potential Flow 泊肃叶流动Poiseuille Flow阿基米德原理Archimedes Principe环量Circulation质量力Mass Force闸下出流Outflow under Gates闸孔非恒定出流Unsteady Outflow of Sluice Gate闸孔恒定出流Steady Outflow of Sluice Gate闸孔净宽Clear Span of The Gate between Piers闸前水头Approach Head before Sluice闸墩收缩系数Coefficient of Pier Contraction降水曲线Falling Curve波长Wave Length波节Wave Node波压强Wave Pressure净波压强Net Wave Pressure波谷Wave Valley波周期Period of Wave波的反射Reflection波的传播Wave Propagation波的折射Inflection波的破碎Breaking of Wave波的绕射Diffraction波的爬高Wave Run-up波陡Wave Steepness波能Wave Energy波高Wave Height波速Wave Speed波浪中线Midwater Level of Wave波浪要素Wave Elements波峰Wave Grest波锋(波额、波前)Wave Front波群 Wave Group波群速 Wave Group Velocity波腹 Wave Loop表面张力波 Capillary Wave势波 Potential Wave势波的叠加 Superposition of Potential Wave孤立波 Solitary Wave岩石河床的抗冲系数 Anti-scour Coefficient of Rock Bed承压水 Confined Water定床 Fixed Bed定床水力学 Rigid Boundary Hydraulics泥沙的起动 Initiation of Motion of Sediment 侧收缩系数 Coefficient of Side Contraction 非均质土壤 Nonhomogeneous Soil非恒定流连续方程 Equation of Continuity for Unsteady Flow 非恒定急变流 Unsteady Rapidly Varied Flow非恒定渐变流 Unsteady Gradually Varied Flow非恒定渐变流动的运动方程 Dynamic Equation for Unsteady Gradually Varied Flow非粘性泥沙 Non—cohesive Sediment非饱和带 Unsaturated Zone饱和带 Saturated Zone明槽中的非恒定流动 Unsteady FIow in open Channels 明槽急变流 Rapidly Varied Flow in Open Channels 明槽恒定非均匀渐变流基本方程 The Basic Equation of Steady Gradually Varied Flow明槽掺气水流 Self—Aerated Open Channel Flow 底流型消能 Energy Dissipation by Hydraulic Jump面流型消能 Energy Dissipation of Surface Regime拉格朗日连续方程 Lagrangian Equation of Continuity拉格朗日运动方程 Lagrangian Equation of Motion拉普拉斯方程 Laplace Equation质量系数 Coefficient of Mass 变分原理 Variational Principle 底坡(槽底纵坡) Slope of Channel Bed 陡坡(急坡) Steep Slope临界坡 Critical Slope缓坡 Mild Slope九画相 Phase相对平衡 Relative Equilibrium相对粗糙度 Relative Roughness相似条件 Similarity Condition几何相似 Geometric Similarity动力相似Dynamic Similarity运动相似 Kinematic Similarity相似原理 Theory of Similarity相似准则 Similarity Criterion压力相似准则 Pressure Force Similarity Criterion表面张力相似准则 Surface Tension Similarity Criterion 重力相似准则 Gravity Force Similarity Criterion弹性力相似准则 E1asticity Force Similarity Criterion惯性力相似准则 Inertia Force Similarity Criterion粘滞力相似准则 Viscosity Force Similarity Criterion相似准数 Similarity Criterion Number氢气泡法 Hydrogen Bubble Technique总流 Total Flow指示部分 Indicating Component脉动 F1uctuation脉动值 Fluctuating Value转动 Rotation转捩点 Transition Point诱导流速 Induced Velocity柯西数 Cauchy Number柯西一黎曼条件 Cauchy-Riemann Conditions柯埃梯流动 Couette Flow测压管 Piezometer测针 Point Gauge虹吸管 Siphon Pipe欧拉方程 Euler Equation欧拉法 Eulerian Method欧拉积分 Euler Integral欧拉数 Euler Number恒定流 Steady Flow恒定势流的能量方程 Energy Equation of Steady Potential Flow重度(容重) Specific Weight复势 Complex Potential误差 Error系统误差 Systematic Error相对误差 Relative Error绝对误差 Absolute Error偶然误差 Random Error绝壁物体 Bluff Body重力水 Gravitational Water 贮水系数 Storage Coefficient 显式网格 Network for The Explicit Method 逆行沙浪 Anti—dunes(Moving Upstream) 顺行沙浪 Anti一dunes(Moving Downstream)费克定律Fick’s Law相角 Phase挟沙水流 Sediment—1aden Flow挟沙能力 Carrying Capacity垂直收缩系数 Coefficient of Vertical Contraction急变流 Rapidly Varied Flow急变流的断面单位能量 Specific Energy of Rapidly Varied Flow急流 Supercritical Flow急流弯段水流 Supercritical Flow in Curved Channel恒定流 Steady Flow非恒定流 Unsteady F1ow恒定渗流 Steady Seepage Flow恒定降深 Constant Drawdown重度 Specific Weight临界水深 Critical Depth临界流 Critical Flow临界流速 Critical Velocity挑流的冲刷系数 Coefficient of Scour for Jet Erosion 挑流型消能 Energy Dissipation of Ski—jump Type by Trajectory Buckets挑流射程 Horizontal Distance of the Jet Trajectory建筑物出流的流速系数 Coefficient of Velocity for Discharge from OutletWorks齿槛 Dentated Sill十画浮力 Buoyant Force浮心 Centerof Buoyancy浮体 Floating Body钽丝水位计 Tantalum-wire Level Gauge调节器 Regulator调压井 Surge Chamber(Tank)紊动扩散 Turbulent Diffusion紊动扩散系数 Coefficient of Turbulent Diffusion紊流 Turbulent F1ow紊流光滑区 Hydraulically Smooth Region Of Turbulent Flow紊流过渡区 Transition Region of Turbulent Flow紊流粗糙区 Completely Rough Region of Turbulent Flow紊流扩散基本方程 Fundamental Equation of Turbulent Diffusion 紊流的半经验理论 Semi-empirical Theories of Turbulence紊流强度 Intensity of Turbulence流场 Flow Fie1d流网 Flow Net流动型态 Type of Flow流线 Streamline流线型体 Streamline Body流函数Stream Function流速分布的相似性 Similarity of Velocity Profiles流速仪 Current Meter热丝流速仪 Hot-wire Anemometer热膜流速仪 Hot-film Amemometer )旋浆流速仪 Rotor-type Current Meter激光测速仪 Laser-Doppler Anemometer流速场 Velocity Field流速势 Velocity Potential流速系数 Coefficient Of Velocity流量 Discharge(Rate of Flow)单宽流量 Discharge per Unit Width流量系数 Coefficient of Discharge流量模数 Modulus of Discharge流管 Stream Tube圆柱绕流 Flow Around a cylinder速度 Velocity相对速度 Relative Velocity绝对速度 Abso1ute Velocity牵连速度 Velocity of Following特征线法 Method of Characteristics原型 Prototype基准面 Datum Plane射流 Jets平面射流 P1ane Jets自由射流 Free Jets紊动射流 Tubulent Jets圆形断面射流(轴对称射流) Round Jets淹没射流 Submerged Jets射流的主体段 Fully Established Zone of Jet Flow射流的扩散角 Spread Angle of the Jet射流的初始段 Initial Zone of Flow EstabliShment of Jet射流源 Source of the Jet能量方程 Energy Equation能量损失厚度 Energy Thickness流量计 F1ow Meter电磁流量计 Magnetic F1ow—meter孔板流量计 Orif ice Meter浮子流量计 F1oat-type Current Meter涡轮流量计 Turbine F1ow—meter宾汉流体 Bingham F1uid流网 Flow Net流速系数 Coefficient of Velocity流速势 Velocity Potential流量系数 Coefficient of Discharge流量模数 Modulus of Discharge紊动附加应力(雷诺应力) Turbulence (Reynolds Stresses)起动流速 Critical Velocity特征线 Characteristic Line 顺特征方向 Forward(Positive)Characteristic Direction 逆特征方向 Backward(Negative) Characteristic Direction 特征线法 Method of characteristics消能池(消力池,静水池) stilling Basins消能戽(消力戽) Roller Buckets 消能墩(消力墩) Baffle Piers 消能墙 Baffle Wall浸润线 Line of Seepage(Deppresion Line) 涡街 Vortex Street 泰斯方程Theis Equation破碎带 Zone of Wave Breaking海漫 Riprap十一画剪切流动 Shear F1ow剪切变形 Shear Strain曼宁公式 Manning Formula混合长度 Mixing Length混掺 Mixing淹没出流 Submerged Discharge液体的平衡微分方程 Differential Equation of Liquid Equilibium液体振荡 Oscillation of Liquid密度 Density偶极 Doublet惯性 Inertia惯性力 Incrtia Force弹性 E1asticity弹性波 E1astic Wave断面平均流速 Mean Velocity粘性底层 Viscous Sublayer粘性底层的名义厚度 Nominal Thickness of the Viscous Sublayer粘滞性 Viscosity粘滞系数 Coefficient of Viscosity运动粘滞系数 (运动粘度) Coefficient of Kinematic Viscosity动力粘滞系数 Coefficient of Dynamic Viscosity旋涡 Vortex组合涡 Combined Vortex线涡 Line Vortex势涡 Potential Vortex强迫旋涡 Forced Vortex自由旋涡 Free Vortex移流分散系数 Coefficient of Convective Dispersion理想液体 Ideal Liquid粗糙 Roughness粗糙度 Roughness粗糙系数(糙率) Coefficient of Roughness粗糙雷诺数 Reyno1ds Number of Roughness粗糙壁面 Rough Wall掺气浓度(含气比) Air Concentration 曼宁公式 Manning Formula隐式网络 Network for the Implicit Method 混合长度 Mixing Length跃后段长度 Length of the Region for TurbulenceDissipation behind a Hydraulic Jump偏折水流(折冲水流) Deflected Stream 淹没出流 Submerged OutfIow淹没系数 Coefficient of Submergence淹没条件 Submerged Condition辅助消能工 Stilling- basin Appurtenance 粘性底层 Viscous Sublayer粘性泥沙 Cohesive Sediment弹性贮存 E1astic Storage惯性力 Inertial Force 控制断面 Control Section控制水深 Control Depth涵洞过流 Flow Through Culvert 明流(无压流动) Open Flow半满流(半有压流) Partly Full Flow 满流(有压流) Full F1ow自由进流 Free Inflow淹没进流 Submerged Inflow断面环流 Secondary Flow in the Plane of Cross Section 断面突变的明流 Flow Through Sudden Transition淤积 Deposition渗流 Seepage Flow(Filtration) 急变渗流 Rapidly Varied Seepage Flow 渐变渗流 Gradually Varied Seepage Flow 非均匀渗流 Nonuniform Seepage Flow非位定渗流 Unsteady Seepage Flow河渠渗流 Seepage from Channel and Canal 渗流的运动方程 Equation of Motion of Seepage Flow渗流的连续方程 Equation of Continuity of Seepage Flow 渗流压力 Seepage Pressure渗透系数 Coefficient of Permeability渗透流速 Seepage Velocity推移力 Tractive Force 临界推移力 Critical Tractive Force推移质 Bed Load推移质运动强度 Intensity of Transport悬移质 Suspended Load粗糙系数 Coefficient of Roughness 天然河道的粗糙系数 Coefficient of Roughness of Natural River 综合粗糙系数 Coefficient of Composite Roughness十二画谢才公式 Chézy Formula谢才系数 Chézy Coefficient量水堰 Weir量水槽 Flow-measurring F1ume量纲 Dimension基本量纲 Fundamental Dimension诱导量纲 Derived Dimension量纲分析 Dimensional Analysis量纲和谐原理 Theory of Dimensional Homogeneity等压面 Equipressure Surface等势线 Equipotential Lines湿周 Wetted Perimeter涡线 Vortex Line涡环 Vortex Ring涡通量 Vortex Flux涡街 Vortex Street涡粘性系数 Coefficient of Eddy Viscosity涡量(旋度) Vorticity涡管 Vortex Tube斯特罗哈数 Stroulhal Number普朗特数 Prandtl Number散度 Divergence谢才公式 Chezy Formula谢才系数 Chezy Coefficient跃水消能池 Drop-structure Stilling Basins 溃坝波 Dam—break Wave蛙步法 Leap Frog Scheme趋近流速 Approach Velocity趋近流速水头 Approach Velocity Head缓流 Subcritical Flow缓流弯段水流 Subcritical Flow in Curved Channel 期特利克勒公式 Strickler Formula插值函数 Interpolation Function距离步长 Distance Interval短管出流 Efflex from short Tube 短波 Short Wave十三画源 Source雷诺应力 Reyno1ds Stress雷诺数 Reyno1ds Number临界雷诺数 Critical Reyno1ds Number雷诺相似准则 Reyno1ds Similarity Criterion雷列法Rayleigh’s Method迹线 Path Line跟踪水位计 Tracking—type Level Gauge堰Weir 三角形薄壁堰 Triangu1ar Sharp-crested Weir薄壁堰 Sharp crested weir 低溢流堰 Low Spillway驼峰堰Camel’s Hump Weir矩形薄壁堰 Rectangular Sharp—crested Weir 梯形剖面堰 Trapezoidal Profile Weir 高溢流堰 High Spillway 宽项堰 Broad-crested WeirWES标准剖面堰 WES—Standard Spillway Shapes堰上水头 Head on Crest堰上总水头 Total Head on Crest堰顶溢流 Overflow Weir堰高 Weir Height裘布衣公式 Dupit Formula输沙率 Transport Rate 微波 Small Amplitude Wave 棱柱形槽 Prismatic Channel 非棱柱形槽 Non—Prismatic 溢流水舌 Overflow Nappe 自由溢流 Free Overflow淹没溢流 Submerged Overflow奥基剖面 Ogee Profile十四画管网 Pipe Network分枝管网 Branthing Pipes环状管网 Looping Pipes管流Pipe Flow长管 Long Pipe并联管道 Pipes in Parallel串联管道 Pipes in Series沿程均匀泄流 Pipe with Uniform管道 Discharge along the Line短管 Short Tube静水压强 Hydrostatic Pressure Intensity静止液体基本方程 Basic Equation of Hydrostatics静态特性 Static Characteristics蒸汽压强 Vapor Pressure精度 Precision稳定性 Stability数据处理 Data Processing颗粒直径(粒径) Grain Diameter 中值粒径Median Diameter 平均粒径 Mean Diameter 沉降粒径 Sedimentation Diameter 筛孔粒径 Sieve Diameter 等容粒径 Nominal Diameter 管咀出流 Nozzle Effex十五画潜体 Submerged Body模型 Model模型比尺 Model Scale长度比尺 Length Scale加速度比尺 Acceleration Scale时间比尺 Time Scale作用力比尺 Force Scale速度比尺 Velocity Sca1e流量比尺 Discharge Scale模型试验 Model Experiment壅水曲线 Backwater Curve(Rising Curve)横向水面超高 Superelevation影响半径 Radius of Influence十六画薄膜水 Pellicular Water 薄壁小孔口 Sharp Edged Orifice十七画瞬时扩散源 Source of Instantaneous Diffition瞬时流速 Instantaneous Velocity瞬时值 Instantaneous Value翼型 Airfoil螺旋流 Spiral Flow十八画瞬态法 The Method of Finite Increments 二十画蠕动Creep Motion附录二水力学名人简介三画~四画文透里(文丘里) Abbe Giovansi Battista Venturi,1746~1822,意大利工程师、物理学家韦伯 Moritz Weber 1871~1951德国造船技师,船舶力学(Naval mecha-nics)教授切尔托乌索夫М.л.Чертоусов1892~1960苏联技术科学博士,水力学家戈达 Y.Goda厄塞尔 F.Ursell厄里瓦托斯基 E.A.Elevatorski牛顿 (Sir)Isaac Newton 1642~1727,英国数学家,物理学家,剑桥大学教授乌根秋斯А.А.Угинчус(1899~1972)苏联水力学家巴斯加(帕斯卡) Blaise Pascal l623~1662,法国数学家,物理学家,哲学家巴赞(巴青) Henri Emile Bazin 1829~1917,法国工程师巴甫洛夫斯基 HикодайНиколаевичПавдовский1884~1937,苏联科学院院士,水力学及流体力学家巴克米特夫 Boris Alexandrovitch Bakhmeteff l880~1952 俄国教授,水力学家,哥伦比亚大学教授五画~六画兰姆 Sir Horace Lamb 1849~1934,英国应用数学家,地球物理学家艾黎 Sir George Biddle Airy l801—1892,潮汐与波浪力学专家艾斯考弗 Francis F.Escoffier布拉休斯 Paul Richard Heinrich Blasius 1883~1970,德国工程师,水力学家布辛涅斯克 Joseph Valentin Boussinesq l842—1929,法国数学家,力学家及理论物理学家卡曼 Theodore von Kármán 1881~1963匈牙利工程师,德国教授,空气动力学家,美国工程师,水动力学及紊流力学专家白金汉 Edgar Buckingham 1867~1940,美国物理学家丘加耶夫 P.P.Чугаев l904—1981,苏联水力学家尼古拉兹 Johann Nikuradse 1894~,德国工程师圣·维南 Jean-Claude Barré de Saint-Venant l797~1866,法国工程师,水力学及弹性力学专家圣福鲁 G.Sainflou佛汝德 William Froude 1810~1879,英国工程师(造船技师)弗朗西斯 James Bicheno Francis l815—1892,美国工程师司处利克勒 A.Strickler汤姆逊 Professor James Thomson 英国水力学家齐恩 A.K.Jain印度流体力学家达·芬奇 Leonarde da Vinci l452—1519,意大利美术家,科学家及工程师达兰贝尔 Jean le Rond d´Alembert 1717~1783,法国数学家,哲学家达西 Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy 1803~1858,法国工程师毕托 Menri d Pitot l695~1771,法国工程师,发明家刚吉勒 Emile Oscar Ganguillet 1818—1894, 瑞士工程师伊本 Arthur Thomas Ippen l907—1974,双亲是德国人,生于伦敦,受教育于Aachen(德国),1932到美国Iowa市,水力学家伊兹巴什C.B.Избаш七画沙特克维奇A.A.Саткевич沙乌缅·B.A.Шаумян1908~1964沙玉清1907.4~1966.10;泥沙专家沙莫夫Г.И.Кузьмин沈学文Hsien Wen Shen 1931~美籍华人,泥沙专家库特Wilhelm Rudolph Kutter 1818~1888,瑞士工程师库兹明И.A.Кузьмин杜比Arsene Jumes Emile Juvenal Dupuit 1804~1866 法国工程师,水力学家及经济学家坎莱根Garbis Hovannes Keulegan 1890~,美泥沙专家克兰(恩) Stephen Jay Kline 1922~,美流体力学家克里格William P.Creager 美垦务局工程师克希荷夫Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824~1887,德国物理学家别兰格Jean-Baptiste-Charles Belanger or J.B.Belanger 1790(或1789)~1874 法国水力学家别列津斯基A.P.Верзинекий伯诺里Daniel Bernoulli 1700~1782,瑞士物理学家,数学家伽利略Galileo Galilei 1564~1642,意大利物理学家及天文学家希尔兹Albert Frank Shields 1908~1974,原为俄亥俄(美国)人,1933年作为交换学者到柏林,研究推移质运动阿基米德Archimedes 287~212 B.C., 希腊哲学家,物理学家阿格罗斯金И.И.Ароскин1900~1968,苏联水力学家,技术科学博士阿列维Lorenzo Allievi 1856~1941(或1942),意大利水力学家阿勉Michael Amein纳维埃Louis Marie Henri Navier 1785~1836, 法国工程师纳格勒Floyd August Nagler 1892~1933,美国水力学家八画波达波夫M.B.Потапов1887~1949,苏联河流动力学及迳流调节专家泊肖(或瑟)叶Jean Louis Poiseuille 1799—1869,法国物理学家拉格朗日Joseph Louis Lagrange 1736~1813,法国数学家及天文学家拉普拉斯Pierre Simon Laplace or Marquis de Laplace l749—1827 法国数学家及天文学家拉克斯P.D.Lax拉哈曼诺夫К.И.Рахманов1900~范诺尼Vito August Vanoni 1904~,美国泥沙专家欧拉Leonhard Euler 1707~1783,瑞士数学家及物理学家欧姆Georg Simon Ohm 1787~1854,德国物理学家英格隆F.Engelund罗辛斯基К.И.Россинский金Horace Williams King (or Horace King) 1874~1951, 美国水力学家,工程师九画茹可夫斯基НиколайЕгоривичЖуковский1847~1921,苏联水力学家、流体力学家胡克Robert Hook 1635~1703,英国实验主义哲学家、物理学家柯朗Richard Courant 1888~1972,美国数学家,Gottingen教授,1934年到美国,New York大学教授柯西Baron Augustin Louis de Cauchy 1789~1857,法国数学家柯瓦兹勒L.S.G.Kovasznay柯列布鲁克C.F.Colebrook哈密顿William Rowan Hamilton 1805~1865,英数学家,物理学家哈根Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen,德国水利工程师费克A.Fick十画~十一画高斯Karl Friedrich Gauss 1777~1855,法国数学家,物理学家及天文学家宾汉(宾厄姆) Eugene Cook Bingham 1878—1945,美国化学家,流变学(Rhelogy)的奠基人唐存本泰勒Brook Taylor 1685~1731,英国数学家栗原道德钱宁1922—1986,泥沙专家,教授爱因斯坦Hans Albert Einstein 1904~1973,河流动力学及泥沙专家爱格利Hegly梅叶—彼特Euegène Meyer-Peter 1883~,瑞士泥沙专家曼宁Robert Manning 1816~1897,爱尔兰工程师维杰尔尼可夫B.B.Ведерников1904~1980,苏联水力学家。

流体力学第三、四部分作业及答案

流体力学第三、四部分作业及答案

3.1水在垂直管道上流过,压力表插入点A和B,管径分别为0.15m和0.075m。

B点低于A 点2.5m时,在管子下的流速为0.02 cumecs,在B点的压力是大于在A14715 N/m2一个cumec是速记立方米每秒; CMS或立方米/秒(M3S-1)。

假设在A和B之间的管道的损失,其中v是速度在A可以表示为22vkg,求k的值。

如果A和B处的压力表所取代由管注满水并连接到U型管中含有汞的相对密度为13.6,给出草图,示出两肢的U形管的水平如何在不同的和计算的值这种以米为单位的差异。

(1)解以B为基准(datum),伯努利方程为:得出:(2)解:3.2 入口直径为0.3m,喉部直径为0.2m的阿文丘里流量计用于测量流过管道的气体的体积。

流量系数为0.96。

假设是恒定在19.62 N/m3气体的比重,计算体积时流过的入口之间的压力差和喉咙为0.06米水U型管压力计测量。

3.3文丘里流量计用于测量沿管道流动的水。

文丘里喉管的直径是管道直径的五分之二。

连接的进气口和咽喉装满水的管,U型管水银压力计。

的速度沿管道的流动被发现是米/秒,其中,H是读入米汞柱压力计。

确定之间的进气口和咽喉的文丘里H是0.49米时水头损失。

Manometer:压力计Venturimeter:文丘里管流量计3.4水从水槽中排出通过收敛发散喉舌。

从水箱的出口由四舍五入,遭受的损失可以忽略同时排水口最小直径为0.05米。

如果头部在油箱上面中心线的喉舌是1.83米。

a)怎样排出?b)求必须是在出口处的直径,如果上面的最小面积的绝对压力是是2.44米的水?三)如果口片的发散部分被拆除。

将怎样排出?(设大气压为10m水)。

3.5一个封闭水箱有一个孔口0.025米的的直径在一个垂直边。

容器中包含的油的深度0.61米以上的中心孔和油上方的空气空间中的压力保持13780 N/m2高于大气压。

确定从孔口排出。

(排出孔口系数是0.61,油的相对密度为0.9)3.6文丘里流量计的流量系数,发现流率超过一定值是恒定的。

美国冷却塔协会CTI标准

美国冷却塔协会CTI标准

美国冷却塔协会CTI 标准 ATP-105第一部 测试程序1.范围及目的1.1 范围 本测试程序包括对机械通风式冷却水塔的冷却能力之评测。

1.2 目的 本测试程序之目的旨在对包括于冷却塔性能评测中各种条件及度量法定统一的方法和仪器。

1.3 变通 本测试中规定之数据限定表示理想状态之情形,此状态在实际测试中通常无法获得。

因此,需由在场的制造商、客户及CTI 三方之正式代表出具书面证书;实际条件才是有效的。

1.4 其它用途 本测试程序亦可以用于对符合CTI 公告STD —201之冷却塔系列的论证。

此情形下,涉及到“客户”(PURCHASER )之部分不在适用。

1.5 测试之公正性 本项标准所涉及的CTI 观察员由全国知名研究机构之技术资格代表组成,且于CTI 及其任何成员无任何关系.因此是绝对公正的。

2. 测试条件2.1 测试之实施 测试的实施由制造商及或客户认可之代表予于设实施,并有指定的CTI 观察家在现场。

如果测试需做性能保证书,在测试全过程中,制造商及客户双方均应有代表在场。

此种情形下,制造商有权预先对冷却塔进行检查,为测试做准备。

相关代表有权目击所收集的所有测试数据。

任何与测试直接相关的一方不得被隔离于测试场地外。

测试之实施应使用CTI 仪器或CTI 认证之仪器。

测试之实施应当在冷却塔完成后的12个月内进行。

2.2 设备之状态 测试过程中,设备应当良好运转,特别注意一下情形:a)散水系统清洁,无可能阻碍正常水流之异样物质。

b)机械系统正常,调整风叶以保证正常旋转及相应马力负荷。

c)挡水器清洁,无可能阻碍正常空气流动之藻类及其它积淀物。

d)散热材无遗物附着,如油、沥青或藻类等。

e) 冷水槽中的水位应为正常运转值,在测试中应基本保持为定值。

2.3 运行条件 测试之实际基本如下限定:2.31 湿球温度系指入风口湿球温度,测量依据本测试程序之章节3.3。

2.32 平均风速不应超过10英里/小时,分钟的记录最高不应超过15里/小时。

机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译(V)

机械工程学专业词汇英语翻译(V)

vacancy 空位 vacant site 空位 vacuum 真空 vacuum apparatus 真空装置 vacuum chamber 真空室 vacuum diagram 真空图 vacuum diffusion 真空扩散 vacuum effect 真空效应 vacuum pump 真空泵 vacuum state 真空态 vacuum tank 真空罐 vacuum tight 真空密闭的 vacuum value of velocity 真空速度 vacuum valve 真空阀 vacuum vector 真空⽮量 validity 有效性 validity criteria 有效准则 valley floor ⾕底 value 值 valve lift 阀升程 valve lift curve 阀升距图 valve lift diagram 阀升距图 van der waals energy 范德⽡⽿能量 van der waals equation 范德⽡⽿斯⽅程 van der waals force 范德⽡⽿斯⼒ vane 叶⽚ vane grid 叶栅 vane type pump 叶轮泵 vane wheel 叶轮 vaned diffuser 叶⽚式扩散器 vaneless diffuser ⽆叶⽚式扩散器 vanishing 消失 vanishing point 消失点 vapor pressure 蒸汽压 vapor pressure equation 蒸汽压⽅程 vapor pump 蒸汽喷射泵 vaporization 汽化 vaporization heat 蒸发热 vapour 蒸汽 variability 变异性 variable 变数 variable acceleration 可变加速度 variable capacity 可变容量 variable geometry wing 可变翼 variable load 可变负荷 variable mass 变质量 variable mass body 变质量体 variable mass mechanics 变质量⼒学 variable motion 变速运动 variable of state 状态变数 variable pitch airscrew 变距螺旋桨 variable pitch propeller 变距螺旋桨 variable quantity 变量 variable rotation 可变旋转 variable sweep aerofoil 可变后掠翼 variable wind 变向风 variance ⽅差 variation 变化 variation method 变分法 variation of amplitude 幅度的变动 variational calculus 变分学 variational equation 变分⽅程 variational principle 变分原理 variational problem 变分问题 varied orbit 变化轨道 variometer 升降速度仪 vector analysis ⽮量分析 vector component ⽮量分量 vector coupling ⽮量耦合 vector diagram ⽮量图 vector equation ⽮量⽅程 vector field ⽮场 vector flux ⽮通量 vector function ⽮量函数 vector interaction ⽮量相互酌 vector of force ⼒⽮量 vector of oscillation 振荡⽮量 vector polygon ⽮量多边形 vector potential ⽮量势 vector product ⽮积 vector space ⽮量空间 vector sum ⽮量和 vector tube ⽮量管 vector wave equation ⽮量波⽅程 vector wave function ⽮量波函数 vectorial ⽮量的 velocimeter 速度计 velocity 速度 velocity circulation 速度环量 velocity coefficient 速度系数 velocity component 速度分量 velocity constant 速率常数 velocity correlation of turbulence 湍临度相关 velocity coupling 速度耦合 velocity curve 速度曲线 velocity diagram 速度图 velocity distribution 速度分布 velocity distribution function 速度分布函数 velocity ellipse 速度椭圆 velocity field 速度场 velocity gradient 速度梯度 velocity head 速度头 velocity head tachometer 液压转速计 velocity in free space ⾃由空间速度 velocity limit 极限速度 velocity load diagram 速度载荷图 velocity modulation 速度灯 velocity of blade 叶⽚速度 velocity of combustion 燃烧速度 velocity of flow 临 velocity of longitudinal wave 纵波速度 velocity of moving space 牵连速度 velocity of propagation 传播速度 velocity of propagation of flame ⽕焰传播速度 velocity of slip 滑临度 velocity of sound 声速 velocity of transformation 转变速度 velocity of transverse waves 横波速度 velocity of wave front 波前速度 velocity operator 速度算符 velocity parallelogram 速度平⾏四边形 velocity pickup 速度传感器 velocity plane 速度平⾯ velocity potential 速度势 velocity profile 速度剖⾯图 velocity rating 额定速度 velocity resonance 速度共振 velocity shock 速度冲击 velocity space 速度空间 velocity spectrum 速度谱 velocity time diagram 速度时间图 velocity triangle 速度三⾓形 ventilation loss 通风损耗 ventilator 风扇 ventilator pressure 通风机压⼒ venturi meter ⽂丘⾥量计 venturi tube ⽂丘⾥管 vernier 游标 vertex 顶点 vertex function 顶点函数 vertex tangent 顶点切线 vertical 垂直 vertical axis 垂直轴 vertical circle 等⾼圈 vertical component 垂直分量 vertical curve 竖直线 vertical deflection 竖直偏转 vertical displacement 垂直位移 vertical distribution 竖向分布 vertical fall 垂直落下 vertical flow 竖直怜 vertical force 垂直⼒ vertical hydrodynamic force 铃动⼒浮⼒ vertical line 铅垂线 vertical load 垂直荷载 vertical motion 竖向运动 vertical pendulum 竖直摆 vertical plane 垂直⾯ vertical plate 竖直板 vertical projection 垂直投影 vertical reaction 垂直反⼒ vertical section 竖直截⾯ vertical shock 竖震 vertical stream 竖直怜 vertical temperature grade 垂直温度梯度 vertical velocity 竖向速度 vertical velocity curve 竖向临曲线 vertical velocity distribution 竖直速度分布 vertical wind tunnel 竖直风洞 very low frequency 甚低频 vessel 船 vibrate 振动 vibrating compaction 振动压实 vibrating field 振荡场 vibrating load 振动负载 vibrating potential model 振动势模型 vibrating reed 振簧 vibrating rod 振荡棒 vibrating rotator 振动转⼦ vibrating screen 振动筛 vibrating string 振动弦 vibrating system 振动系统 vibrating table 振动台 vibration 振动 vibration absorber 消振器 vibration analysis 振动分析 vibration damper 振动阻尼器 vibration damping 减振 vibration frequency 振动频率 vibration galvanometer 振动式检疗 vibration generator 振动器 vibration instrument 振动仪表 vibration isolation 隔振 vibration isolator 隔振器 vibration level 振动级 vibration meter 振动计 vibration node 振动节点 vibration of bar 杆的振动 vibration of plate 板的振动 vibration of string 弦的振动 vibration pickup 振动传感器 vibration plane 振动平⾯ vibration proof 耐振的 vibration range 振荡范围 vibration resistance 抗振性 vibration resonance 振动共振 vibration rotation 振荡转动 vibration rotation band 振动转动谱带 vibration rotation spectrum 振动转动谱 vibration state 振动态 vibration stress 振动应⼒ vibration system 振动系统 vibration test 振动试验 vibration tester 振动试验仪 vibration testing machine 振动试验仪 vibrational angular momentum 振动⾓动量 vibrational constant 振动常数 vibrational coordinate 振动坐标 vibrational corrosion 振动腐蚀 vibrational energy 振动能 vibrational enthalpy 振动焓 vibrational entropy 振动熵 vibrational instability 振动不稳定性 vibrational line 振动线 vibrational mode 振动模式 vibrational period 振动周期 vibrational perturbation 振动扰动 vibrational relaxation 振动弛豫 vibrational scattering 振动散射 vibrational spectrum 振动谱 vibrational state 振动状态 vibrogram 振动记录图 vibrograph 测振计 vibrometer 振动计 vibroscope 振动仪 vickers hardness 维⽒硬度 virial equation of state 维⾥状态⽅程 virial expansion 维⾥展开 virial theorem 维⾥定理 virtual center 瞬时中⼼ virtual deformation 虚形变 virtual displacement 虚位移 virtual entropy 有效熵 virtual free energy 有效⾃由能 virtual free enthalphy 有效⾃由焓 virtual friction 表观摩擦 virtual inertia 表观惯性 virtual mass 虚质量 virtual particle 虚粒⼦ virtual transformation 虚转变 virtual velocity 假想速度 virtual work 虚功 virtual work method 虚功法 virtual work theorem 虚功定理 visco elasticity 粘弹性 viscoelastic 粘弹性的 viscoelastic body 粘弹性体 viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性基础 viscoelastic gas 粘弹性⽓体 viscoelastic material 粘弹性材料 viscoelastic model 粘弹性模型 viscoelastic solid 粘弹性固体 viscoelastic wave 粘弹性波 viscoelastic wave equation 粘弹性波动⽅程 viscometry 粘度测定法 viscoplastic 粘塑性的 viscoplastic constitutive equation 粘塑性本构⽅程 viscoplastic strain 粘塑性应变 viscoplasticity 粘塑性 viscosimeter 粘度计 viscosimetry 粘度测定法 viscosity 粘性 viscosity correction 粘性校正 viscosity force 粘性⼒ viscosity function 粘度函数 viscosity measurement 粘度测定 viscosity pump 粘性泵 viscosity tensor 粘性张量 viscous boundary layer 粘性边界层 viscous damping 粘性阻尼 viscous drag 粘滞阻⼒ viscous flow 粘性怜 viscous fluid 粘⼒ viscous friction 粘滞摩擦 viscous liquid 粘性液体 viscous motion 粘性怜 viscous resistance 粘滞阻⼒ viscous shearing stress 粘性切应⼒ viscous solid 粘滞固体 viscous strain 粘性应变 viscous stress 粘性应⼒ visibility 能见性 visualization of flow 怜显⽰ void 空隙 void coalescence 孔隙聚结 void coefficient 空隙系数 void fraction 空隙率 volplane 滑翔飞⾏ volume 体积 volume change by shear 切变体积变化 volume compressibility 体积压缩率 volume compression 体积压缩 volume concentration 体积浓度 volume contraction 体积收缩 volume density 体积密度 volume diffusion 体积扩散 volume diffusion coefficient 体积扩散系数 volume elasticity 体积弹性 volume element 体积元 volume energy 体积能 volume expansion coefficient 体积膨胀系数 volume fraction 体积率 volume parameter 体积参数 volume potential 体积势 volume ratio 体积⽐ volume resistance 体积阻⼒ volume resonance 体积共振 volume strain 体积应变 volume stress 体积应⼒ volume velocity 体积速度 volumetric diameter 体积径 volumetric efficiency 体积效率 volumetric energy 体积应变能 volumetric expansion 体积膨胀 volumetric flow rate 体积临 volumetric flowmeter 体积式量计 volumetric flux 体积通量 volumetric force 体积⼒ volumetric modulus of elasticity 体积弹性模量 volumetric strain 体积应变 von karman number 卡门数 vortex 涡旋 vortex center 涡旋中⼼ vortex chamber 涡旋室 vortex core 涡核 vortex field 涡场 vortex filament 涡丝 vortex flow 涡流 vortex flux 涡通量 vortex free motion ⽆涡运动 vortex frequency 涡旋频率 vortex invariant 涡旋不变量 vortex layer 旋涡层 vortex line 涡线 vortex line motion 涡线运动 vortex motion 涡了动 vortex nucleus 涡核 vortex path 涡道 vortex point 涡点 vortex pump 涡旋泵 vortex region 涡柳 vortex ring 涡环 vortex ring flow 涡环怜 vortex sheet 旋涡层 vortex source 涡源 vortex space 涡琳间 vortex street 涡街 vortex strength 涡量度 vortex surface 涡⾯ vortex tube 涡淋 vortex velocity 涡旋速度 vortex wake 涡粒 vorticity 涡量 vorticity density 涡量密度 vorticity tensor 涡度张量 vorticity transfer equation 涡度转移⽅程 vorticity transfer theory 涡度转移理论。

3章2伯努利方程

3章2伯努利方程
截面上,z+p/ρ g=常数,则
A(zpg)dQ(zpg)Q
令u2udAV2VA
A2g
2g
V为截面平均速度
1 (u)3dA称为(动 通能 )量 修正系数 AA V
对圆管层流,α=2, 工程上的管流为紊流,α≈1
(z1p g 11V 2 1 g 2)Q 1(z2p g 22V 22 g 2)Q 2
用于测点速度.
沿流线伯努利方程
z0pg0 u20g2 z1pg1 u21g2
静压管和总压管
z0z1,u00,
u1 2gp0 gp1
伯努利方程应用
3、小孔定常出流
对0—0和1—1:
z0pga z1pga 1V 21g2
11,z0z1h V1 2gh 平均速 度
2
gzpV2 const单位:Pa
2
z

p
g
V2 2g
const
单位:mH2O
伯努利方程应用
1、静压管、总压管测速度
p u2 p 1 0
g 2g g
P0=Pa+ρ g(Δh+x)
P1=Pa+ρ g x
u1
2gp0p1
g
2gh
伯努利方程应用
2、 毕 托管 (Pitot Tube) 测流速
z1pg 11V 21 g 2z2pg 22V 22 g 2
V1A1 V2A2 V1 V2 A2 A1 (d D)2
V2

2g 1(d)4
(z1
z2

p1p2)
g
D
文丘里流量计
如果用水银压差计测压差则有
p1+ρ g(x+Δh)=p2+ρ g(z2-z1+x)+ρ ’gΔh

水工常用术语

水工常用术语

A阿基米德原理Archimedes Principle (2)B半经验理论Semi—emperical Theory(4)比能曲线Specific—energy curve (7)比容Specific volume (1)边界层Boundary layer (4)边界层分离Separation of boundary layer (4)边界层厚度Boundary layer thickness (4)边坡系数Side slope (6)变水头出流Flow under varied head (3)标准大气Standard atmosphere (2)表面力Surface force (1)表面张力Surface tension (1)并联管路Pipes in parallel (4)波速Wave speed (7)波形水跃Undular Hydraulic jump (7)伯努利方程Bernoulli’S equation (3)勃拉修斯公式Blasius Equation (4)薄壁堰Sharp crested weir (8)不可压缩流体Incompressible Fluid(1)C侧向收缩系数Coefficient of end contraction (8)测压管Piezometric tube (2)测压管水头Piezometric head (2)层流Laminar flow (2)层流边界层Laminar boundary layer (4)长管Long pipe (5)承压含水层Confined aquifer (11)串联管路Pipes in series (5)垂直补给Vertical infiltration recharge (11)粗糙系数(糙率)Roughness coefficient (4)D达西定律Darcy’S law (11)达西公式Darcy’S formula (11)达西——魏斯巴赫公式Darcy—Weisbach Formula(4)当地大气压力Local pressure(2)当地加速度(时变加速度)Local acceleration(Tempolal acceleration) (3)当量粗糙度Equivalent roughness (4)导出量纲Derived dimension (10)等势线Equiposition line (3)等压面Equipressure surface(2)底坡Bottom slope (6)地下水Ground water (11)点汇Point sink (12)点涡Point vortex (12)点源Point sourse (12)调压井Surge chamber (5)跌水Drop (7)定倾半径Metacentric radius (2)定倾中心Metacenter (2)动力相似Dynamic similarity (4)动力粘度Dynamic viscosity (4)动量方程Momentum equation (3)动量修正系数Correction factor of momentum flux (3)动能修正系数Correction factor of velocity head (3)动压强Dynamical Pressure(2)陡坡Steep.slope (6)短管Short pipe (5)断面比能Specific energy of cross section (7)断面平均流速Mean Velocity(3)断面突然扩大Abrupt enlargement of section (4)断面突然缩小Abrupt contraction of section(4)多孑L介质Porous medium (11)F非恒定流Unsteady flow (3)非均匀流Nonuniform flow (3)非牛顿流体Non—Newtonian F1uid(1)非完全井Partically penetrating well (11)分段求和法The Standard Step Method(7)分子动量交换Molecular momentum exchange (4)弗劳德数Froude number (7)弗劳德准则Froude Criterion(7)浮力Buoyancy(2)浮体Floating Body(2)浮体的平衡和稳定Equilibrium and stability of floating body (2)浮心Center of buoyancy (2)G各向同性渗流Isotropic seepage flow (11)给水系数Coefficient of yield water (11)共轭水深Conjugate depths of Hydraulic jump (7)骨架Frame of soil (11)管流雷诺数Reunolds number of pipe flow (4)管嘴Nozzle (8)管嘴出流Nozzle Efflux & Nozzle discharge (8)惯性Inertia (1)惯性矩Moment of inertia (2)惯性力Inertia force (1)惯性水头Inertia head (12)过流断面Cross Section & Flow cross section (3)H恒定流Steady Flow(3)虹吸管Siphon pipe (5)缓流Subcritical Flow (7)缓坡Mild slope (7)缓坡渠道Mild Slope Channel (7)汇Sink (12)混合长度Mixing Length(4)J迹线Path Line (3)迹线Trajectory (3)基本量纲Fundamental Dimension (10)基本物理量Basic quantity (10)基准面Datum Plane (3)急流Supercritical Flow (7)急坡渠道Steep Slope Channel (7)集水廊道Water—collecting gallery (11)几何相似Geometric Similarity (10)加速度Acceleration (3)间接水击Slow Closure (5)剪切变形速率Rate of strain (1)简单管路Single pipe (5)简化的N—S方程Reduced N—S equations (12)渐变流Gradually Flow(3)渐变渗流Gradually varied seepage flow (11)渐扩管Gradual enlargement pipe (4)渐缩管Gradual contraction pipe (4)降水曲线Drawdown curve (7)角变形速度Rate of angular deformation (12)井Well (11)井函数Well Function (11)井群Multiple—well & Battery of wells (2)静压强Static pressure (2)静压强分布图Diagram of static pressure distribution (2)静压强特征Characteristics of hydraustatic pressure (2)局部水头损失Local head loss (4)局部水头损失系数Iocal loss coefficient (4)矩形渠道断面Rectangular channel section (6)绝对粗糙度Roughness (4)绝对压强Absolute Pressure(2)均匀流Uniform Flow (6)K卡门常数Karman’S constant (4)孔口Orifice (8)孔口出流Orifice Flow & 0rifice discharge(8)孔隙率Porosity (11)控制面Control Surface(3)控制体Control Volume (3)宽顶堰Broad—crested Weir (8)宽深比Aspect Ratio(6)L拉格朗日法Lagrangian Method (3)拉普拉斯方程Laplace Equation (12)雷诺数Reynolds Number (4)雷诺准则Reynolds Criterion (12)棱柱形渠道Prismatic channel (6)理想流体Ideal Fluid (1)连续介质Continuum (1)连续性方程Continuity Equation (3)量纲(或“因次”)Dimension(10)量纲分析Dimensional Analysis (10)临界雷诺数Critical Reynolds Number (4)临界流Critical Flow (7)临界坡度Critical slope (7)临界水深Critical depth (7)临界水跃Critical Hydraulic jump (7)流场Fluid Field(3)流管Stream tube (3)流函数Stream function (12)流量Discharge (3)流量模数Converyance of discharge (6)流量系数Coefficient of discharge (3)流速水头Velocity Head (3)流体Fluid (1)流体静力学Fluid statics (2)流体微团Material Elements of Fluid &Fluid element(12)流网Flow Net (11)流线Streamline (3)M脉动流速Fluctuating Velocity (4)曼宁公式Manning formula (4)密度Density (1)明渠0pen channel (6)明渠均匀流Uniform flow in open channel (6)明渠流Open channel flow (6)模型Model (10)摩擦阻力Drag due to Friction(4)摩阻速度Friction velocity(4)莫迪图Moody diagram (4)N内聚力Cohesive force (1)内摩擦力Internal Frictional Force (1)纳维一斯托克斯方程Navier—stokes equation (12)尼古拉兹曲线Nikuradse Curve (4)逆坡Adverse slope (7)牛顿迭代法Newton iterative method (6)牛顿流体Newtonian Fluid (1)牛顿内摩擦定律Newton’S law of viscosity (1)O欧拉法Eulerian method (3)欧拉数Euler number (12)欧拉运动方程Euler’S equation of motion (12)欧拉准则Eulerian Criterion (12)Pπ定理πtheorem (12)平均流速Mean velocity (3)平面上的静止液体总压力Resultant hydrostatic pressure on plane surface (2)平面势流Two—dimensional Potential Flow(12)平坡Horizontal slope (6)Q汽化压强Vapor pressure (2)迁移加速度Convective Acceleration (2)潜水含水层(无压含水层)Unconfined aquifer (11)潜水面Surface of phreatic water (11)裘布依公式Dupuit’S formula (11)裘布依假设Dupuit’S suppose (11)曲面上的静止流体总压力Resultant hydrostatic pressure on curved surface (2)渠道断面Channel cross section (6)S渗流Seepage flow (11)渗流流网Seepage flownet (11)渗流速度Seepage velocity (11)渗流系数Coefficient of Permeability&Permeability coefficient (11)声速Speed of Sound (12)湿周Wetted Perimeter (5)时均流速Time—mean Velocity (4)实用堰Practical weir (8)势流Potentional flow (12)势流叠加Superposition of potential flow (12)收缩因数Coefficient of Contraction (8)数值积分法The Graphical—intergration Method(7)水泵Hydraulic Pump (5)水泵扬程Pump head (5)水锤泵Hammer pump (5)水跌Hydraulic Drop (7)水击Water Hammer (5)水击波传播速度Propagation velocity of water Hammer (5)水力半径Hydraulic Radius (5)水力粗糙Hydraulic Roughness (4)水力光滑Hydraulic smooth (4)水力坡度Energy Gradient&Hydraulic slope (4)水力学Hydraulics (1)水力最优断面Best Hydraulic Cross Section (6)水面曲线Water surface profile (7)水面曲线分析Analysis of water surface curve (7)水面振荡Ossillation of water surface (3)水头损失Head loss (4)水跃Hydraulic Jump (7)水跃Hydraulic jump (7)水跃长度Length of hydraulic jump (7)水跃函数Function of hydraulic jump (7)顺坡Falling slope (7)斯特劳哈尔数Strouhal number (12)速度Velocity (3)速度势函数Velocity potention function (12)速度水头Velocity head (3)速度梯度Velocity gradient (1)T梯形渠道断面Trapezoidal channel section (6)体积弹性模量Coefficient of Volume Elasticity(1)体积膨胀系数coefficient of bulk expansion (1)体积压缩系数Coefficient of Volume Compressibility&Coefficient of bulk compressibility(1)体孔隙率Volumetric porosity (1)W完全井Completely Penetrating Well (11)完全水跃Complete Hydraulic jump (7)韦伯数Weber Number (12)尾流Wake (4)位置水头Elevation Head (2)文丘里管Venturi Meter (3)文丘里流量计Venturi meter (3)紊流Turbulence (4)紊流边界层Turbulent boundary layer (4)紊流粗糙区Completely rough region of tuebulent flow (4)紊流附加切应力Additional turbulent shearing stress (4)紊流光滑区Hydraulically smooth region of tuebulent flow (4)紊流过渡区Trasition region of tuebulent flow (4)紊流速度Turbulent velocity (4)紊流特征Characteristics of turbulence (4)无量纲数Dimensionless number (10)无旋流动Irrotational flow (12)无压井Unconfined well (11)物体阻力Drag of body (4)X线变形速率Rate of linear deformation (12)相对粗糙度Relative roughness (4)相对光滑度Relative smoothness (4)相对压强(表压强)Relative pressure(Gage pressure)(2)相似理论Similarity theory (10)相似准则Similarity Criterion (10)谢才公式Ch6zy Formula(4)谢才系数Ch6zy Coefficient (4)行近流速Approach velocity (5)行近水头Approach total head (5)旋转角速度Rotation angular velocity (2)旋转抛物面Rotational parabolis surface (2)Y压差计Differential manometer (2)压差阻力Drag due tO Pressure Difference (4)压力Pressure force (2)压力传感器Piezosensor(2)压力体Pressure Prism (2)压力中心Center of Pressure (2)压强Pressure (2)压强差Difference of pressure (2)压强水头Pressure Head (2)压缩性Compressibility (1)淹没出流Submerged discharge (5)淹没水跃Submerged Jump(7)淹没系数Coefficient of submergence (8)沿程均匀泄漏Uniform and continuous draw—off (5)沿程水头损失Friction head loss (4)沿程水头损失系数Friction factor (4)堰Weir (8)堰流Weir flow (8)扬程Pump Head(5)液体相对静止Relative statics of liquid (2)影响半径Influence Radius (11)影响距离Influence distance (11)壅水曲线Backwater curve (7)有旋流动Rotational flow (12)有压管流Pressure pipe flow (5)有压井Confined well (11)元流Filamental flow (3)原型Prototype(10)圆管层流Laminar flow in circular pipe (4)圆管紊流Turbulent flow in circular pipe (4)圆形渠道断面Circular channel section (6)源Source (12)远驱水跃Remote Hydraulic jump (7)允许流速Permissible Velocity(5)运动相似Kinematic Similarity (10)运动粘度Coefficient of Kinematic Viscosity (14)Z粘度Coefficient of Viscosity (1)粘性底层Viscous Sublayer (4)粘性力Viscous force (1)粘性流体Viscous fluid (1)粘性切应力Viscous shearing stress (1)粘性阻力Viscous resistance (4)粘滞性Viscosity(1)真空压强Vacuum Pressure (2)正常水深Normal Depth (6)直接水击Rapid Closure (5)质量Mass (1)质量力Body force&MassForce (1)重力Gravitational force (1)驻点Stagnation point (3)自流井Artesian Well (11)总流Total flow (3)总水头Total head (3)总水头线Total Head Line (3)阻力系数Coefficient of drag (4)作用水头Acting Head(5)。

恒定总流动量方程

恒定总流动量方程

恒定总流动量⽅程恒定总流动量⽅程1.流体为恒定流,且流体是不可压缩的。

2.流体运动符合连续原理;3.所取的两个断⾯为渐变流流动,但在两个断⾯之间可以不是渐变流。

4.两个断⾯之间的流体没有外界能量的加⼊或内部能量的取出。

5.能量⽅程在推导过程中流量是沿程不变的,前后两个断⾯是指同⼀股液流。

§2-4-2 应⽤伯努利⽅程应注意的问题1. 分析流动,选取好过⽔断⾯;2. 选择好计算点和基准⾯;3. 压强⼀般以相对压强表⽰,单位要⼀致;4. 全⾯分析和考虑所取两过流断⾯之间的能量损失。

§2-4-3 伯努利⽅程的应⽤1.毕托管测流速图3-28①驻压强:流动流体中加⼀障碍物后,驻点处增⾼的压强,即动能转化⽽来的压强②动压强:流动流体中不受流速影响的某点的压强③总压强:运动流体动压强与驻压强之和,即驻点处的压强。

③总压强:运动流体动压强与驻压强之和,即驻点处的压强。

④单孔测速管制作原理:当⽔流受到迎⾯物体的阻碍,被迫向四周分流时,在物体表明上受⽔流顶冲的A点流速等于零,称为⽔流滞⽌点(驻点)。

驻点处的动能全部转化为压能,单孔测速管和毕托管就是根据这⼀原理制成的⼀种测速仪。

如图,1管测的是动压强,2管测的是总压强,则驻压强测得理论流速:实际流速:( µ:修正系数,H:为两管⽔头差。

)2. ⽂丘⾥流量计(Venturi Meter)如图,主管路直径为,喉管直径;在定流条件下,测压管⽔头差为,推导管路中实际⽔流量的计算式。

对过⽔断⾯1-1、2-2列能量⽅程运⽤连续⽅程有:得主管流速理想情况下的流量实际流量式中——流量系数,主要与管材、尺⼨、加⼯精度、安装质量、流体的粘性及其运动速度等有关,——结构常数. ⼀般⽔⼒计算问题【例3-3】⼀虹吸管,已知a=1.8m,b=3.6m,,由⽔池引⽔⾄C端流⼊⼤⽓,若不计损失,设⼤⽓压为10m⽔柱,求:(1)管中流速,及B点之绝对压强。

(2)若B点绝对压强下降到0.24m⽔柱以下,将发⽣汽化,设C端保持不动,问欲不发⽣汽化,a不能超过多少?解:引⽔时,⽔池中⽔⾯可认为⼀过流截⾯,流体经吸⽔⼝进⼊虹吸管(1)以C端为基准⾯,对A、C截⾯写伯诺⾥⽅程,A截⾯流速很⼩,可忽略,则有:(a)V=8.4m/s对AB截⾯应⽤伯诺⾥⽅程,以A为基准⾯:(b)(⽔柱)(2)为不发⽣汽化,必须(⽔柱),将此关系代⼊(b)得:(⽔柱)例4 如图所⽰⽔泵管路系统,已知:流量Q=101m3/h,管径d=150mm,管路的总⽔头损失hw1-2=25.4m,⽔泵效率η=75.5%,试求:(1)⽔泵的扬程Hp(2)⽔泵的功率Np解:(1) 计算⽔泵的扬程Hp以吸⽔池⽔⾯为基准写1-1,2-2断⾯的能量⽅程即∴(2)计算⽔泵的功率Np此题主要说明在⽔流中有能量输⼊或输出时能量⽅程的应⽤。

机械词汇英语翻译(U-Z)

机械词汇英语翻译(U-Z)

机械词汇的英语翻译(U-Z)u bend u 形管u bolt u 形螺栓u ir on 槽钢u piec e 双肘管u pipe u形管u tube u 形管u tube manometer u 形压力计uec m超声电解加工uedm 超声电火花加工ultimate analysis 元素分析ultimate load 极限负荷ultimate load design 极限载荷设计ultimate pr essur e极限压力ultimate str ength 极限强度ultimate str ess 极限应力ultimate vac uum 极限真空度ultr ac entrifuge 超离心机ultr ahigh pr essure 超高压ultr ahigh speed machining 超高速机械加工ultr ahigh strength steel 超高强度钢ultr ahigh vacuum 超高真空ultr alow electrode wear machining 超低损耗加工ultr am icr oscope 超高倍显微镜ultr aprecision machining 超精密加工ultr asoinc lapping 超声研磨ultr asonic atom izer 超声雾化器ultr asonic cleaning 超声波清洗ultr asonic drilling 超声钻法ultr asonic drilling mac hine超声波钻床ultr asonic edm超声电火花加工ultr asonic electr o dischar ge mac hining 超声电火花加工ultr asonic electr ochemical mac hining 超声电解加工ultr asonic flaw detector 超声波探伤仪ultr asonic flow meter 超声波量计ultr asonic gener ator 超声波振荡器超声波发生器ultr asonic inspection 超声波探伤法ultr asonic mac hine 超声波加工机ultr asonic mac hining 超声波加工ultr asonic metal for ming 超声塑性加工ultr asonic m icr oscope 超声波显微镜ultr asonic perfor ating mac hine 超声波钻床ultr asonic perfor ation 超声钻法ultr asonic slicing mac hine超声切片机床ultr asonic soldering 超声波针焊ultr asonic testing 超声波探伤法ultr asonic thic kness gage超声波测厚仪ultr asonic vibr ation c utting 超声振动切削ultr asonic wave超声波ultr asonic welding 超声波焊接ultr aviolet r adiation 紫外线辐射ultr aviolet r ays 紫外线unattended oper ation 无人值班的运行unbalanc e 不平衡unbalanc e indic ator 不均衡指示器unbalanc e moment 不平衡力矩unbalanc e toleranc e容许不平衡量unbalanc ed mass 不均衡质量unc oiler 展卷机undamped oscillation 非衰减振荡undamped vibration 非衰减振荡underc arriage 起落架underc ooling 过冷undercutting 根切underfeed furnac e 下部供燃料炉underfr ame 底架under ground gasific ation 地下气化under ground r ailway 地下铁道under ground water 地下水underload 欠载under shot wheel 下射水轮under size 筛下产品undervoltage relay 低电压继电器underwater c utting 水下切割underwater r obot 水中机扑;水下机扑underwater welding 水下焊接undulatory motion 波动unequal angle 不等边角钢unfinished bolt 毛螺栓unhooking 摘钩uniaxial str ess 单向应力unifor m acc eler ation 等加速度unifor m c ircular motion 等速圆周运动unifor m distribution 均匀分布unifor m flow 均匀流unifor m load 均匀负荷unifor m motion 等速运动unifor m movement 等速运动unifor m pr essur e 均匀压力unifor m sc ale 均匀标度unifor m velocity 等速度unifor m ity 均匀性unifor m ly acceler ated motion 等加速度运动unifor m ly distributed load 等分布荷重unifor m ly r etarded motion 匀减速运动union nut 联管螺帽unit 单位unit bor e system 基孔制unit built machine tool 组合机床unit c ell 单位晶格unit c ooler 冷却机组unit of measur ement 测量单位unit of toler anc e公差单位unit shaft system 基轴制unit type head 动力头unit vector 单位矢量universal c huc k 自动定心卡盘universal dividing head 万能分度头universal drilling machine 万能钻床universal gas c onstant 通用气体常数universal gr avitation 万有引力universal grinder 万能磨床universal industrial r obot 万能工业机扑universal j oint 万向接头universal j oint drive万向节传动universal j oint for k 万向节叉universal j oint shaft 万向节轴universal j oint yoke 万向节叉universal mac hine tool 通用机床universal measuring m icr osc ope万能测定显微镜universal miller 万能铣床universal milling mac hine万能铣床universal screw wrench 活动]扳手universal testing mac hine万能材料试验机universal tool and cutter grinder 万能工具磨床unloaded weight 空车重量unloader卸荷阀unloader valve 卸荷阀unloading 卸荷;卸载unloading valve 卸荷阀unmanned aircr aft 无人驾驶飞机unmanned factory 无人工厂unmanned manufactur e无人生产过程unmanned oper ation 无人值班的运行unmanned war ehouse无人仓库unrivet 起铆钉unsatur ated c ompound 不饱和化合物unsatur ated vapor 末饱和蒸汽unscr ew 松螺丝unscr ewing 拧下unsolder 拆开焊缝unsprung weight 弹簧下重量unstable equilibrium 不稳定平衡unstable state 不稳定状态unsteady flow 非定常流不稳定流unsteady heat conduction 不稳定导热up m illing 逆铣up stroke 上升冲程upc urrent 上升气流updr aft 上升气流upflow 上升气流upper dead center 上死点upper deviation 上偏差upper die 上模upper lim it 上限upper slide 上滑板upright drilling mac hine 立式钻床upset butt welding 电阻对焊接upset welding 电阻对焊接upsetter 锻头机upsetting 镦粗upsetting machine 锻头机upsetting test 镦粗试验uptake flue 上升烟道ur anium 铀ur anium enrichment 铀浓缩ur anium fuel 铀燃料ur anium hexafluoride六氟化铀ur anium oxide 氧化铀ur anium r eactor 铀反应堆urban bus 市区公共汽车urea r esin 尿素尸urgency stop 紧急停止uric acid 尿酸used air 废气used c ar 旧汽车used lubric ating oil 废油used sand 旧砂useful ener gy 有效能useful horsepower 有效功率useful load 有效负载useful wor k有效功user pr ogr am 用户程序user's manual 使用说瞄usf 超声塑性加工usl 超声研磨utility aircr aft 通用飞机utility boiler 动力锅炉utilization coefficient 利用率utilization factor 利用率uvc 超声振动切削v belt 三角皮带v belt drive 三角皮带传动v block v 形铁v block br ake 楔形闸v engine v 形发动机v gr oove br ake 楔形闸v guide v 形导轨v pulley 三角皮带轮v sec m 立式电解成形机v tail 蝶形尾部v thr ead 三角螺纹v type engine v型发动机v type tail v 形尾翼vacc um meter 真空计vac uum 真空vac uum annealing 真空退火vac uum arc fur nac e真空电弧炉vac uum bottle 热水瓶vac uum br ake 真空制动器vac uum c apper 真空封瓶器vac uum c apping machine 真空封瓶器vac uum c asting 真空铸造vac uum c ement 真空封泥vac uum c hamber 真空室vac uum c huc k 真空卡盘vac uum cleaner 吸尘器vac uum degassing 真空除气vac uum distillation 真空蒸馏vac uum drying 真空干燥vac uum evapor ation 真空蒸发;真空涂膜vac uum evapor ator 直空蒸发器;真空涂膜器vac uum filler 真空填充器vac uum filter 真空过滤机vac uum filtr ation 真空过滤vac uum for m ing 真空成形vac uum freeze drying 真空冷冻干燥vac uum freezing 真空冷冻vac uum fusion 真空熔化vac uum gauge 真空计vac uum gr ease 真空润滑脂vac uum gripper 真空钳子vac uum hose 真空软管vac uum ignition adva nc er 真空点火提前装置vac uum impr egnation 真空浸渍vac uum indic ator 真空计vac uum induction furnac e 真空感应炉vac uum lamp 真空灯vac uum lifting device 真空提升装置vac uum measur ement 真空测量vac uum measuring instrument 真空计vac uum melting 真空熔化vac uum metallizing 真空镀敷vac uum metallurgy 真空冶金vac uum molding 真空成形vac uum oil 真空油vac uum pac kaging machine 真空包装器vac uum pump 真空泵vac uum r efriger ating mac hine真空冷冻机vac uum r eservoir 真空罐vac uum seal 真空密封vac uum seamer 罐头折边封盖机vac uum sintering 真空烧结vac uum system 真空系统vac uum tank真空罐vac uum tec hnique 真空技术vac uum test 真空试验vac uum tight 真空密封的vac uum tr ap 真空阱vac uum tube 真空管vac uum tube r ectifier 真空整流vac uum tube voltmeter 真空管电压表value 值valve 阀valve ar m 阀杆valve body 阀体valve bonnet 阀盖valve box 阀箱valve c ase 阀箱valve c asing 阀箱valve c hest 阀室valve c oc k阀栓valve c over 阀盖valve diagr am 阀动图valve follower 气门挺杆valve gear 阀动装置valve grinding 磨阀valve guard 阀档板valve guide 阀导承valve head 气门头valve in head engine顶阀式发动机valve lap 阀重叠valve lever 阀杆valve lift 阀升程valve lift curve 阀升程图valve lift diagram 阀升程图valve lifter 气门挺杆valve lifter guide阀挺杆导承valve mec hanism阀动装置valve needle 阀针valve overlap 阀重叠valve plate 阀板valve port 阀口valve position 阀位valve push rod 推阀杆valve r oc ker ar m 气阀摇杆valve r oc ker ar m shaft 阀摇臂轴valve r oc ker br ac ket 阀摇臂轴托架valve r oc ker pedestal 阀摇臂轴托架valve r oc ker shaft 阀摇臂轴valve r od 阀杆valve seat 阀座valve seating 磨阀valve setting 阀蝶valve spring 阀弹簧valve stem 阀杆valve str oke 阀升程valve tappet 气门挺杆valve tappet clear anc e气门挺杆间隙valve tappet guide阀挺杆导承valve tim ing 阀定时valve tim ing gear 阀定时装置valveless engine 无气门式发动机van 箱式货车van der waals' equation 范德瓦耳斯方程vanadium钒vanadium steel 钒钢vane 叶片vane anemometer 翼式风速计vane c ompr essor 叶片式压缩机vane flowmeter 转子式量表vane motor 叶轮式油压马达vane pump 叶轮泵vane wheel 叶轮vaned diffuser 叶片式扩散器vaneless diffuser 无叶片式扩散器无导连的扩压器vapoize 蒸发vapor 蒸汽vapor cycle 蒸气循环vapor loc k 蒸汽汽塞vapor pr essur e 蒸汽压力vapor pump 蒸汽喷射泵vaporimeter 蒸气压力表vaporization 蒸发vaporizer 蒸发器vapour 蒸汽variable 变数variable acceler ation 可变加速度variable c apacitor 可变电容器variable c ondenser 可变电容器variable delivery pump 可变容积泵variable density wind tunnel 变密度风洞variable displacement motor 可变排量马达variable displacement pump 可变容积泵variable geometry wing 可变翼variable load 可变负荷variable mass 变质量variable pitch propeller 可掂螺旋桨variable r esistanc e 可变电阻variable r esistor 可变电阻器variable section 可变断面variable speed drive变速传动variable sweep aircraft 可变翼飞机variable sweep wing 可变翼variable voltage transfor mer 可变电压变压器variable wing air plane 可变翼飞机varianc e 方差varianc e analysis 方差分析varignon's theorem 范力农定理varistor 非线性电阻var nish 漆var nishing 涂漆varying str ess 变应力vaseline 凡士林vector 矢量vector analysis 向量分析vector diagr am 向量图vector field 向量场vector pr oduct 矢量积vee guide v 形导轨vee pulley 三角皮带轮vegetable oil 植物油vehicle 运载工具vehicle hoist 升车机velocimeter 速度计velocity 速度velocity c oefficient 速度系数velocity c urve 速度曲线velocity diagr am 速度图velocity distribution 速度分布velocity gr adient 速度梯度velocity head 速头velocity of blade叶片速度velocity of flow 临velocity of propagation of flame 火焰传播速度velocity of sound 声速velocity pic k up 速度传感器velocity potential 速度势velocity r ange 速度范围velocity r atio 传动比velocity selector 速度选择器velocity stage 速度级velocity triangle速度三角形velox boiler 韦洛克斯锅炉vena c ontr acta 射留缩vending mac hine 自动售货机veneer 单板veneer lathe 剥皮机vent 放气孔vent hole 放气孔vent valve 通气阀vent wire 通气针ventilating fan 通风机ventilation 换气ventilation flue 通风道ventilation installation 通风装置ventilation pipe 通风管ventilation plant 通风装置ventilation system通风系统ventilator 通风机venturi tube 文丘里管venturimeter 文氏管量计ver bal instruction 口头指示verific ation 检验ver nier 游标ver nier bevel protr actor 游标量角器ver nier c aliper 游标卡尺ver nier depth gage 游标深度卡尺ver nier dial 游标刻度盘ver nier engine 游标发动机ver nier gear tooth c aliper 游标齿厚规ver nier gear tooth gage游标齿厚规ver nier height gage高度规ver satile robot 万能机扑ver satility 万能性vertic al axis wind tur bine 竖轴风车vertic al boiler 立式锅炉vertic al broac hing mac hine 立式拉床vertic al compr essor 立式压缩机vertic al conveyor 立式输送机vertic al drilling mac hine立式钻床vertic al electr ochemical for m ing machine 立式电解成形机vertic al engine 立式发动机vertic al feed 垂直进给vertic al feed scr ew 垂直进给丝杠vertic al fin 垂直安定面vertic al forc e 垂直力vertic al gyrosc ope垂直陀螺仪vertic al jounal 枢轴vertic al journal 枢轴颈vertic al lathe 立式车床vertic al m illing head 立铣头vertic al m illing mac hine立式铣床vertic al proj ection 垂直投影vertic al pump 立式泵vertic al shaft 立轴vertic al shaft turbine 立轴式涡轮机vertic al slide 垂直滑板vertic al speed indicator 升降速度表vertic al spindle surfac e grinder 立轴平面磨床vertic al tail 垂直尾翼vertic al tail plane 水平安定面vertic al take off and landing 垂直起落vertic al take off and landing aircraft 垂直起落机vertic al tur bine立轴式涡轮机vertic al tur ning and boring m ill 立式车床vertic al turr et lathe立式转塔车床vertic al water tube boiler 立式水管锅炉vertic al welding 垂直焊very large scale integr ation 超大规模集成电路vessel 船vibr ating c hute 振动式滑槽vibr ating c ompactor 振动压实机vibr ating c onveyor 振动输送机vibr ating feeder 振动式给料机vibr ating mill 振动式磨矿机vibr ating motor 振动歧动机vibr ating plate 振动板vibr ating r eed fr equency meter 振簧式频率计vibr ating scr een 振动筛vibr ating sieve 振动筛vibr ating table 振动台vibr ating tamper 振动夯vibr ating trough 振动槽vibr ation 振动vibr ation absorber 振动阻尼器vibr ation acc eler ation 振动加速度vibr ation amplitude 振动振幅vibr ation analysis 振动分析vibr ation damper 减震器vibr ation damping 减振vibr ation engineering 振动工程vibr ation exc iter 振动发生器振动激励器vibr ation fr equency 频率vibr ation galvanometer 振动式检疗vibr ation gener ator 振动发生器振动激励器vibr ation isolation 振动绝缘vibr ation isolation material 隔振材料vibr ation level 振动级vibr ation mac hine 振动器振动机vibr ation measur ement 振动测定vibr ation meter 振动计vibr ation mode 振动方式vibr ation node 振动节点vibr ation period 振动周期vibr ation pic kup 振动传感器vibr ation pr oof 耐振的vibr ation r ec order 示振器振动显示器vibr ation r esistanc e抗振性vibr ation r oller 振动式碾压机vibr ation spectrum 振动谱vibr ation system 振动系统vibr ation test 振动试验vibr ation tester 振动试验机vibr ation theory 振动理论vibr ator 振动器振子vibr ator motor 振动歧动机vibr atory c entrifuge振荡离心机vibr atory crusher 振动破碎机vibr atory feeder 振动式给料机vibr atory pile driver 振动打桩机vibr atory plate c ompactor 振动板压实机vibr atory tr ansport 振动运输vibr ograph 示振器振动显示器vibr oisolating material 隔振材料vibr ometer 振动计vibr om ill 振动式磨矿机vibr opacker 振动包装机vibr oscope 振动计vice 虎钳vice jaw 虎钳口vice scr ew 虎钳螺杆vicker s hardness 维氏硬度vicker s hardness tester 维氏硬度试验机video monitor 视频监视器video tape r ecor der 磁带录像机view 视图view finder 检影器取景器viewfinder 取景器vinegar 醋vinyl chloride 氯乙烯vinyl r esin 乙烯基尸virial c oefficient 维里系数virtual displac ement 虚位移virtual image 虚象virtual work 虚功visc oelastic body 粘弹体visc oelastic material 粘弹性材料visc oelastic model 粘弹性模型visc oelasticity 粘弹性visc ometer 粘度计visc ometry 粘度测定法visc oplastic material 粘塑性材料visc oplasticity 粘塑性visc osimetry 粘度测定法visc osity 粘性visc osity index 粘度指数visc osity index impr over 改善粘度添加剂visc osity tachometer 粘性转数计visc ous 粘滞的visc ous damper 粘性阻尼器visc ous damping 粘性衰减visc ous drag 粘性阻力visc ous fluid 粘性铃visc ous friction 粘性摩擦visc ous r esistanc e粘性阻力visibility 可贝度visible outline 外形线visible r ays 可见光线vision 视觉visual angle 视角visual chec king 肉眼检查visual exam ination 肉眼检查visual field 视野visual inspection 肉眼检查visual observation 目视观测visual sensor 视觉感受器vitrified bond 陶瓷结合剂vlsi 超大规模集成电路voic e rec ognition 语言识别void 空隙void ratio 空隙率voids 空隙率voigt model 沃伊特模型volatile c omponent 挥发分volatile c onstituent 挥发分volatile matter 挥发物volatile substanc e挥发物volatility 挥发性volatilization 挥发volt 伏特volt amper e c har acteristic 电压电霖性volta's pile 伏打电堆voltage 电压voltage contr ol 电压蝶voltage curr ent char acteristic 电压电霖性voltage divider 分压器voltage dr op 电压降voltage fluctuation 电压波动voltage limiter 电压限制器voltage r ating 额定电压voltage regulation 电压蝶voltage regulator 电压第器voltage stabilizer 电压稳定器稳压器voltaic c ell 伏打电池voltaic pile 伏打电堆voltammeter 电压电量计voltmeter 电压表volume 体积volume c ompressibility 体积压缩率volume elasticity 体积弹性volume flow r ate体积量volume forc e 体积力volume modulus 体积弹性模量volume r atio 容积比volume shrinkage体积收缩volumenometer 容积计volumeter 容积计volumetric efficiency 容积效率;充填系数volumetric expansion 体膨胀volumetric flowmeter 容积量计volute casing 蜗形壳volute housing 蜗形壳volute pump 螺旋泵volute spring 锥形弹簧vortex 涡流旋流vortex burner 涡两喷燃器vortex c hamber 涡良烧室vortex filament 涡吝vortex flow 涡流vortex gener ator 旋涡发生器vortex motion 涡了动vortex pump 涡动泵vortex str eet 涡练vortex tube 涡旋管vorticity 涡旋性vtol 垂直起落vtol aircraft 垂直起落机vtr 磁带录像机vulc anization 硫化vulc anized fiber 刚纸vulc anized rubber 硫化橡胶vulc anizing agent 硫化剂vulc anizing autoclave硫化锅vulc anizing pr ess 平板硫化机w type engine w 形发动机wage 工资wagon 货车wagon balanc e 轨道衡wagon stock 车辆线群wagon tipper 翻车机wake 伴流walking exc avator 步行挖掘机walking mac hine 跨步式机械walking r obot 步行机扑wall 壁wall br ac ket 壁支架wall cr ane 壁装起重机wall drilling mac hine墙装钻床wall jib cr ane 墙座旋臂起重机wall slewing cr ane 墙座旋臂起重机wall soc ket 壁灯灯座wall thic kness 壁厚wankel engine 汪克尔发动机warehouse 仓库warehousing system自动化仓库系统warm ing up 暖机warning 警报warning device 报警装置warning lamp 警报灯warning light 警报灯warning signal 警告信号warp knitting loom 经编机warp knitting mac hine经编机warper整经机warping machine 整经机warping winch 绞缆机washer垫圈washing 洗涤washing machine 洗涤机waste 废物waste disposal 废物处理waste disposer 垃圾粉碎机waste gas 废气waste heat 废热waste heat boiler 废热锅炉waste heat rec overy 废热利用waste iron 废铁waste oil 废油waste pipe 排水管waste r ec overy 废物利用waste steam 废蒸汽waste steam heating 废汽供暖waste utilization 废物利用waste water 废水watch 手表watch glass 表面皿watch oil 钟表油watch spring 表簧water absorbing c apacity 吸水能力water absorption 吸水酌water br ake 水力闸water c alorimeter 水热量计water circulation 水循环water clarific ation 水的净化water c olumn 水柱water c onsumption 水消费量water c ontent 含湿量water c ooled 水冷的water c ooled bearing 水冷轴承water c ooled cylinder 水冷式气缸water c ooled engine水冷发动机water c ooled valve水冷式阀water c ooler 水冷却器water c ooling 水冷却water equivalent 水当量water examination 水质检查water filter 滤水器water gage 水位指示器水位表water gas 水煤气water gas generator 水煤气发生器water glass 水玻璃water hammer 水力冲击water hardening 水淬water head 水头water hose 水龙带water inj ection 喷水water j ac ket 水套water j et 喷射水流喷水water j et pump 喷水泵water j et vac uum pump 水喷真空泵water level 水位water level r egulator 水位第器water line 吃水线water lubric ation 水润滑water meter 水量计water of c ondensation 凝结水water of crystallization 结晶水water paint 水性涂料water per meability 透水性water pipe 供水管water pollution 水污染water power 水能water pr essur e 水压water pr oof test 防水试验water pr oofness 水密性water pump 水泵water purific ation 水净water purifier 净水器water purifying plant 净水装置water quality 水质water quenc hing 水淬water r adiator 水散热器water r am 水冲伙水机water r ate 磨耗率water r esistanc e 抗水性water r esistant paint 防水涂料water r heostat 水变阻器water ring pump 水环泵water seal 水封water separator 脱水器水分离器water sluic e valve制水阀water softening 软水法water softening plant 软水装置water supply 供水water tank 水罐water tap 水龙头water tightness 水密性water tower 贮水塔water tr eatment 水处理water tube 水管water tube boiler 水管式锅炉water vapor 蒸汽water wheel 水轮watering c ar 犬汽车waterpr oof 水密的waterpr oof c anvas 防水布waterpr oof cloth 防水布waterpr oof paint 防水涂料watertight 水密的waterworks 自来水道watt 瓦特watt hour 瓦特小时watt hour meter 积算瓦特计watt meter 电力计watthour meter 累积瓦特计wattless c urrent 无功电流wattless power 无功功率wave 波wave dr ag 波阻wave ener gy 波能wave ener gy air tur bine波能空气透平wave equation 波动方程wave for m波形wave motion 波动wave pr opagation 波的传播wave r esistanc e波阻wave shape 波形wave surfac e 波面wavelength 波长waviness 波纹度wax 蜡wax paper 蜡纸wax patter n 蜡模waxing mac hine 涂蜡机we 旋转腐蚀weak mixtur e 稀混合气weak sand 瘦砂wear 磨耗wear and abrasion resistanc e耐磨性wear c ompensation 磨耗补偿wear lim it 磨损极限wear parts 磨损部件wear proof 耐磨的wear r esistanc e 耐磨性wear r esistant 耐磨的wear r esistant c ast ir on 耐磨铸铁wear test 磨损试验wear testing mac hine磨损试验机wear out parts 磨损部件weather r esistanc e抗气候性weathering 风化weaving 织造weaving mac hine织布机web 梁腹板weber 韦伯wedge 楔wedge brake 楔形闸wedge friction wheel 槽形摩擦轮wedge wire scr een 楔形丝筛wedm电火花线切割weeder 除草器weibull distribution 韦布尔分布weigh bar shaft 回动轴weigh shaft 回动轴weighing 秤量weighing machine 秤weight 法码weight distribution 重量分布weight per br ake horsepower 每马力重量weight per unit power 单位功率重量weight r atio 重量比weight r eduction 减轻重量weighted accumulator 重锤式蓄能器weighting function 加权函数weightless state失重状态weightlessness 无重力weights and measures 度量衡weir 溢吝weld 焊接weld bead 焊道weld cr ac k焊接裂缝weld metal 熔敷金属weld penetr ation 溶透weld pool 熔池weldability 可焊性weldability test 可焊性试验welded c onstr uction 焊接结构welded j oint 焊接连接welded pipe 焊管welded pipe line焊接管道welded tube 焊管welder 焊工welding 焊接welding apparatus 焊接机welding blowpipe气焊枪welding c able 电焊引线welding c urrent 焊接电流welding defect 焊接缺陷welding dinamo 电焊发电机welding distortion 焊接变形welding electr ode焊条welding equipment 焊接设备welding flame 焊接焰welding flux 焊药welding generator 电焊发电机welding gloves 焊工手套welding goggles 焊工护目镜welding head 焊头welding heat 焊接热welding helmet 焊工帽welding leads 电焊引线welding mac hine 焊接机welding oper ator 焊工welding powder 焊药welding proc ess 焊接法welding r obot 焊接机扑welding r od 电焊条welding sequenc e焊接程序welding shop 焊接车间welding str ess 焊接应力welding torch 气焊枪welding tr ansfor mer 焊接变压器weldless tube 无缝管well pump 井泵wet air 湿空气wet air pump 湿气泵wet and dry bulb ther mometer 干湿球湿度计wet bulb ther mometer 湿球温度表wet classifier 湿式分级机wet cleaner 湿式滤清器湿法清洗器wet grinding 湿磨法;湿式粉碎wet grinding m ill 湿磨机wet metallurgy 湿法冶金wet pr ecipitator 湿式收尘器湿式除尘器wet pr oc ess 湿法wet purification 湿法净化wet purifier 湿式滤清器湿法清洗器wet separ ator 湿式选矿机wet steam 湿蒸汽wetness 湿度wettability 湿润性wetted perimeter 湿润周wetted surfac e 浸湿面wetting 润湿whale factory ship 捕鲸加工船whale oil 鲸油whaleboat 捕鲸船wharf cr ane 码头起重机wheatstone bridge惠斯登电桥wheel 轮wheel and axle 轮轴wheel axle 轮轴wheel balanc er 车轮平衡试验机wheel base 轴距wheel br ake 轮闸wheel br aking cylinder 制动轮缸wheel c amber 前轮外倾角wheel c entr e 轮心wheel cr ane 轮胎起重机wheel cylinder 制动轮缸wheel disk 辐板wheel dr esser 砂轮修整装置wheel exc avator 轮式挖土机wheel flange 轮缘wheel grinding machine 车轮磨床wheel guard 砂轮罩wheel head 磨头wheel hub 轮毂wheel lathe 车轮车床wheel loader 轮式装载机wheel mounted cr ane 轮胎起重机wheel pr ess 轮压机wheel rim 轮箍wheel set 轮轴wheel slip 车轮滑转wheel spindle 轮轴wheel spindle stoc k磨头wheel spoke 轮辐wheel tr ac k轮距wheel tr ead 胎面wheel type tr actor 轮式拖拉机wheelbarrow 手推车wheeled tr actor 轮式拖拉机wheelhead 磨头whetstone 磨刀石whirl 涡流旋流whirl etc hing 旋转腐蚀whisker 金属须white heart malleable cast ir on 白心可锻铸铁white heat 白热white iron 白铸铁white metal 白合金white noise 白色噪声whitworth scr ew thr ead 惠氏螺纹whitworth thr ead 惠氏螺纹whole depth 齿全高whole number 整数wick lubric ation 油绳润滑wick lubric ator 灯心注油器油绳润滑器wick oiler 灯心注油器油绳润滑器widia 碳化钨硬质合金width 宽wien's displac ement law 维痘移定律winch 卷扬机wind box 风箱wind dir ection indic ator 风向指示器wind driven electric plant 风能动力装置wind energy 风能wind load 风荷重wind motor 风力发动机wind power plant 风力发电站wind power station 风力发电站wind pr essur e 风压wind r esistanc e 风阻力wind tunnel 风洞wind tunnel balanc e 风洞天平wind tunnel test 风洞试验winding 线圈;绕线winding dr um 卷筒winding machine 绕线机windlass 起锚绞盘windm ill 风车windrower 割晒机windshield 风挡windshield heater 除霜器windshield wiper 挡风玻璃刮水器wing 翼wing ar ea 机翼面积wing chor d 翼弦wing loading 机翼单位面积负荷wing profile 翼剖面wing pump 叶轮泵wing screw 蝶形螺钉wing section 翼截面wing span 翼展wing spar 横梁winged nut 翼螺帽winged screw 翼形螺钉winkler gas gener ator 文克勒煤气发生炉winkler gas pr oduc er 文克勒煤气发生炉wire 金属丝wire ar mor ed hose钢丝包皮软管wire brush 钢丝刷wire brushing 用钢丝刷清理wire cloth 筛网布wire cut edm 电火花线切割wire cut electro disc harge mac hine电火花线切割机wire cutting 电火花线切割wire cutting off mac hine 钢丝切断机wire dr awing 拉线wire dr awing benc h 拔丝机wire dr awing mac hine 拔丝机wire electrode 电极丝wire gage 线规wire gaze 金属丝网wire glass 络网玻璃wire m ill 线材轧机wire nail 销钉wire raising mac hine钢丝起绒机wire rod 线材wire rope 钢丝绳wire saw 钢丝锯wire scr een 金属丝网筛wire sieve 金属丝网筛wire spoke 钢丝轮辐wire stitc her 网器wire stitc hing mac hine网器wire str aightener 钢丝校正机wire str ain gage电阻丝应变仪wire weaving mac hine 金属线网织机wire wheel 钢丝辐轮wired glass 铁丝玻璃wireless c ompass 无线电罗盘wiring 配线wiring diagram 布线图wolframic acid 钨酸wood boring machine 木工钻床wood drilling mac hine 木工钻床wood fibr e 木质纤维wood file 木锉刀wood lathe 木工车床wood meal 木粉wood m illing mac hine木工铣床wood pattern 木模wood pattern maker 木模工wood pattern shop 制模车间wood pipe 木管wood planer 木刨床wood powder 木粉wood pulp grinder 木浆研磨机wood screw 木螺丝wood tar 木焦油wood working 木材加工wood working machine 木工机床wood working tool 木工工具wood's alloy 伍德合金wood's metal 伍德合金wooden 木制的wooden belt pulley 木皮带轮wooden hammer 木锤wooden pipe 木管wooden pole 木桩wooden ship 木船wooden tube 木管wooden vessel 木船woodr uff key 半圆键woodwor k 木制品woodwor king 木材加工woodwor king mac hine木工机床wool felt 毛毡wool spinning machine 毛纺机wool washing mac hine 洗毛机work 功work bench 工专work cycle 工总期work hardening 加工硬化work table 工专workability 可加工性workhead 工罪架working clear anc e工卒隙working conditions 工柞件working cylinder 工鬃working dr awing 工准working fluid 工族working gage 工卓规working load 工缀载working medium工组质working position 工谆置working pr essure 工坠力working principle 工篆理working station 工拙working stress 工爪力working stroke 工仔程working temper atur e 工茁度workpiece 工件workpiece headstoc k 工罪架works 厂workshop 车间workshop tr uc k修理车worm蜗杆worm c onveyor 螺旋输送器worm drive 蜗轮传动worm gear 蜗轮worm gear hob 蜗轮滚刀worm gear hobbing machine 蜗轮滚齿机worm gearing 蜗杆传动装置worm gear s 蜗杆传动装置worm grinder 蜗杆磨床worm milling mac hine 蜗杆铣床worm r educ er 蜗轮减速机worm shaft 蜗轴worm wheel 蜗轮worm wheel hobbing mac hine 蜗轮滚齿机wound r otor 绕线型转子wound r otor induction motor 绕线式电动机wound r otor type motor 绕线式电动机woven belt 帆布皮带wrapper 包装机wrapping angle 接触角wrapping mac hine包装机wrapping paper 包装纸wreck crane 救援起重机wrecker truc k 救险汽车wrench 扳手wrench j aws 板手钳口wrist pin 活塞销wrong oper ation 误动作wrought alloy 变形合金wrought aluminium alloy 变形铝合金wrought ir on 熟铁wrought steel 锻钢;熟钢x cross member x 形横梁x engine x形发动机x gear 修整齿轮x ray analysis x 射线分析x ray appar atus x 射线装置x ray defectoscopy x 射线检查x ray m icr oscope x 射线显微镜x ray photogr aph x 射线照片x ray spectr ometer x射线分光计x ray testing x 射线检查x rays x 射线x shaped x形的x shaped cr oss member x 形横梁x type x形的x type engine x 型发动机x y plotter x y 绘图机x zer o gear 零变位齿轮xenon 氙xenon lamp 氙灯xylene 二甲苯xylol 二甲苯y connection 星形连接y piece 分叉管y pipe 分叉管y type engine y 形发动机yac ht 快艇yag crystal 钇铝石榴石晶体yag laser 激光器yar d 编组站yarn 纱yarn twisting mac hine 捻丝机yarrow boiler 雅鲁式锅炉yaw angle 偏航角yawing 偏航yawing moment 偏航力矩yawmeter 偏航计yellow phosphor us 黄磷yield 收获率yield point 屈服点yield stress 屈服应力yoke 轭铁yoke end u 形夹yoked c onnecting r od 叉式连杆young's modulus 弹性模数yttrium alum inium gar net crystal 钇铝石榴石晶体yttrium alum inium gar net laser 激光器z axis z 轴z bar z 字钢z steel z 字钢zeolite 沸石zero adjustment 零点蝶zero gravity 无重力zero gravity state 失重状态zero point 零点zero point energy 零点能zero potential 零电位zero power reactor 零功率反应堆zero r etur n 原点归复zero setting 零位蝶zerol bevel gear 零度弧齿伞齿轮zigzag 之字形zigzag antenna 曲折天线zigzag riveting 交错铆接zinc 锌zinc alloy 锌合金zinc base alloy 锌基合金zinc bronze 锌青铜zincing 镀锌zipper 拉锁zircon 锆石zirconium 锆zone of combustion 燃烧带zone of preheating 预热区。

化工原理(1)(全英文)智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年山东科技大学

化工原理(1)(全英文)智慧树知到答案章节测试2023年山东科技大学

绪论单元测试1.The unit operation of separation of gas mixture based on the difference ofcomponents’solubility is . 利用气体各组分在液体中的溶解度的不同而实现气体分离的单元操作是。

()A:Distillation 精馏B:Extraction萃取C:Adsorption吸附D:Absorption吸收答案:D2.Please judge which following unit operation belongs to mass transfer? 请判断哪个单元操作属于质量传递? ( )A:Distillation 精馏B:Heating 加热C:Filtration 过滤D:Settling 沉降答案:A3.Which unit operation belongs to heat transfer? 哪个单元操作属于热量传递?( )A:Settling 沉降B:Transportation of fluids 流体输送C:Stirring 搅拌D:Cooling 冷却答案:D4.As we all know, “three transfers” is a very important concept, which includesmomentum, heat, and mass transfer, now judge which following unitoperation belongs to momentum transfer? 总所周知,三传是非常重要的概念,它包括动量、热量和质量传递,请判断哪个单元操作属于动量传递?( ) A:Cooling 冷却B:Absorption吸收C:Transportation of fluids 流体输送D:Distillation精馏答案:C5.Some unit operations just include 1 transfer, however others maybe include2 or3 transfers at the same time, please indicate the unit operation belowthat exists mass and heat transfers meanwhile?一些单元操作只存在一种传递,有些则同时存在2到3种单元操作,请指出下面哪个单元操作既属于质量传递同时也属于热量传递?( )A:Transportation of fluids 流体输送B:Heating加热C:Cooling 冷却D:Distillation精馏答案:D第一章测试1.Gas is a compressible fluid. 气体是一种可压缩性的流体。

美国冷却塔协会 CTI 标准 ATP-105

美国冷却塔协会 CTI 标准 ATP-105

美国冷却塔协会CTI 标准ATP-105第一部测试程序1.范围及目的1.1 范围本测试程序包括对机械通风式冷却水塔的冷却能力之评测。

1.2 目的本测试程序之目的旨在对包括于冷却塔性能评测中各种条件及度量法定统一的方法和仪器。

1.3 变通本测试中规定之数据限定表示理想状态之情形,此状态在实际测试中通常无法获得。

因此,需由在场的制造商、客户及CTI 三方之正式代表出具书面证书;实际条件才是有效的。

1.4 其它用途本测试程序亦可以用于对符合CTI 公告STDó201 之冷却塔系列的论证。

此情形下,涉及到ì客户?(PURCHASER)之部分不在适用。

1.5 测试之公正性本项标准所涉及的CTI 观察员由全国知名研究机构之技术资格代表组成,且于CTI 及其任何成员无任何关系.因此是绝对公正的。

2. 测试条件2.1 测试之实施测试的实施由制造商及或客户认可之代表予于设实施,并有指定的CTI 观察家在现场。

如果测试需做性能保证书,在测试全过程中,制造商及客户双方均应有代表在场。

此种情形下,制造商有权预先对冷却塔进行检查,为测试做准备。

相关代表有权目击所收集的所有测试数据。

任何与测试直接相关的一方不得被隔离于测试场地外。

测试之实施应使用CTI 仪器或CTI 认证之仪器。

测试之实施应当在冷却塔完成后的12 个月内进行。

2.2 设备之状态测试过程中,设备应当良好运转,特别注意一下情形:a) 散水系统清洁,无可能阻碍正常水流之异样物质。

b) 机械系统正常,调整风叶以保证正常旋转及相应马力负荷。

c) 挡水器清洁,无可能阻碍正常空气流动之藻类及其它积淀物。

d) 散热材无遗物附着,如油、沥青或藻类等。

e) 冷水槽中的水位应为正常运转值,在测试中应基本保持为定值。

2.3 运行条件测试之实际基本如下限定:2.31 湿球温度系指入风口湿球温度,测量依据本测试程序之章节3.3。

2.32 平均风速不应超过10 英里/小时,分钟的记录最高不应超过15 里/小时。

流体力学-1

流体力学-1

M孔的孔面平行与流线。两处的压强差可从 U形管中液面的高度差测得,即
P A PM 1 2
v
2
gh
v
2 gh

式中h是U形管中液面的高度差, 是U形管中液体的密度 。
例题 水在截面不同的水平管中作稳定流动,出口处 的截面积为管的最细处的3倍。若出口处的流速为 2m/s,问最细处的压强为多少?若在此最细处开一 小孔,水会不会流出来? 解:由连续性方程S1 v1 = S2 v2 ,得S2 = 6(m/s)
Q SB
0(m/s) . 12 12 2 10
20 ( m/s) 4 60 10 0 . 12
vB
又根据柏努利方程可得 PB = PA+ρ vA2-ρ vB2-ρ ghB = 9.8× 2 2×105+ ×1000×122 – 2
1 1 ×1000× 202 –1000× 2
= 5.24×104 (N/m2)
三、柏努利方程的应用
1、汾丘里流量计(Venturimeter)
液体 中间逐渐缩小 稳定流动。 S1、P1、v1 和S2、P2、v2
P1 1 2
v1 P2
2
1 2
v2
2
S1 v1 = S2 v2 P1-P2=ρ gh
解得:
v1 S
2 gh
2
S1
第五章
液体的流动
• 流体(fluid)
气体和液体
•流动性 流体各部分之间极易发生相对移动, 因而没有固定的形状。 •流体力学(fluid mechanics)
流体静力学 (hydrostatics) 研究静止流体规律的
学科,如阿基米德原理、帕斯卡原理等。

兰州海默多相流量计(培训)教材

兰州海默多相流量计(培训)教材

文丘里流量计 ——在多相流量计中的应用
混合流体密度(ρmix)计算
ρmix值为工作状态下三相介质的混合密度,
ρmix = r g GVF r L (1 GVF )
➢ ρg—— 工况条件下气体密度 (计算值),kg/m3;
➢ GVF——工况条件下流体的含气率(单能γ传感器测量 值);
➢ ρL—— 工况条件下液体密度(计算值), kg/m3。
文丘里流量计
——基本计算公式
差压式流量计的基本方程:
QV
CEd 2
4
2p
r1
Qm
4
CEd 2
2r1p
Qv ——体积流量, m3/h; Qm ——质量流量, kg/h; C—— 流出系数(Discharge coefficient); E—— 渐进速度系数; E 1/ 1 4 d—— 节流元件内径, mm; ε—— 流束膨胀系数,对于液体ε=1; ρ1——节流件上游流体工作状态下的密度, kg/m3; ΔP——节流件前后的压差, Pa; β—— 节流件内径与测量管内径之比 β=d/D; D—— 测量管内径, mm。
海默多相流计性能及结构
——海默MFM2000型
Venturi
D
P
α Single-Gamma Ray
g
RA
Flow Conditioner
典型液相
Dual-Gamma Ray WLR
RA
Pressure & Temperature Measurement
TT s PT
PVT Data
PVT Calculations
文丘里流量计 ——在多相流量计中的应用
液体密度(ρL)计算
ρL= rW RW r0 (1 RW )

仪器仪表常用词汇英语翻译

仪器仪表常用词汇英语翻译

仪器仪表常用词汇英语翻译pH计pH meterX射线衍射仪X-ray diffractometerX射线荧光光谱仪X-ray fluorescence spectrometer 力测量仪表force measuring instrument孔板orifice plate文丘里管venturi tube水表water meter加速度仪accelerometer可编程序控制器programmable controller平衡机balancing machine皮托管Pitot tube皮带秤belt weigher光线示波器light beam oscillograph光学高温计optical pyrometer光学显微镜optical microscope光谱仪器optical spectrum instrument吊车秤crane weigher地中衡platform weigher字符图形显示器character and graphic display位移测量仪表displacement measuring instrument 巡迴检测装置data logger波纹管bellows长度测量工具dimensional measuring instrument长度传感器linear transducer厚度计thickness gauge差热分析仪differential thermal analyzer扇形磁场质谱计sector magnetic field mass spectrometer 料斗秤hopper weigher核磁共振波谱仪nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer 气相色谱仪gas chromatograph浮球调节阀float adjusting valve真空计vacuum gauge动圈仪表moving-coil instrument基地式调节仪表local-mounted controller密度计densitometer液位计liquid level meter组装式仪表package system减压阀pressure reducing valve测功器dynamometer紫外和可见光分光光度计ultraviolet-visible spectrometer顺序控制器sequence controller微处理器microprocessor温度调节仪表temperature controller煤气表gas meter节流阀throttle valve电子自动平衡仪表electronic self-balance instrument 电子秤electronic weigher电子微探针electron microprobe电子显微镜electron microscope弹簧管bourdon tube数字式显示仪表digital display instrument热流计heat-flow meter热量计heat flux meter热电阻resistance temperature热电偶thermocouple膜片和膜盒diaphragm and diaphragm capsule调节阀regulating valve噪声计noise meter应变仪strain measuring instrument湿度计hygrometer声级计sound lever meter黏度计viscosimeter转矩测量仪表torque measuring instrument转速测量仪表tachometer露点仪dew-point meter变送器transmitter仪器仪表常用术语中英文对照带注释版性能特性 performance characteristic :确定仪器仪表功能和能力的有关参数及其定量的表述。

哈里伯顿仪器和服务明细

哈里伯顿仪器和服务明细
Below-Packer Vent Device
Bi-modal AcousTic Sensor (BAT™)
Bioassay Technical Support
BMR 100-Barrel Batch-Mixer Trailer
BondCem™ Cements
BondSeal™ Cement
Borate Crosslinked Fluids
AssetJournal™ Project Documentation Tool
AssetObserver™ real-time field surveillance
AssetPlanner™ Field Development Planning Software
AssetSolver™ real-time field management
CleanStream® Service
CleanWave™ Water Treatment System
CoalStim® Service
Cobra Frac® Service
CobraJet Frac® Service
CobraMax® H Fracturing Service
CobraMax® V Fracturing Service
Constant Volume Extractor (CVE )
Constrictor® Annular Barrier Tool
Control Line Clamps and Protectors
Conventional Full Closure System
Core Freezing
Core Gamma Logger
AutoLatch™ and Release Perforating Gun Connector

伯努力方程练习题

伯努力方程练习题

伯努力方程(Bernoulli’s Equation)是流体力学中描述理想流体(ideal fluid)能量守恒的方程式。

理想流体满足以下4个条件:1. 流体是非粘性的(nonviscous),在相邻流层之间无内摩擦力;2. 流体不可压缩(incompressible),因此密度恒定;3. 流体运动是稳态的(steady),即流体中每一点的运动速度、密度和压力不随时间改变;4. 流体运动不存在湍流(turbulence),意味着每个流体单元相对于中心的角速度为零,因此在该运动的流体中无任何涡流(eddy current)。

由于质量守恒及液体的流动处于稳态,因此有连续性方程(Equation of Continuity):根据能量守恒,可推导出理想流体的伯努力方程:通常表示为:伯努力方程中的每一项都是压力单位,在SI单位制中是Pa或N/m2。

由于1J=1N·m,所以1Pa=1J/m3。

每一项的物理意义是单位体积的能或做功,压力表ρv2为单位体积具有的动能,ρgy为单示单位体积的流体对前方流体所做的功。

12位体积具有的重力势能。

伯努力方程有两个特殊情况:1. 水平流动的液体y1=y2;2. 静止的液体v1=v2=0,则得到流体静力学方程:伯努力方程将理想流体不同两点的流速、压力和高度联系了起来,在应用该方程计算过程中先要分别写出每点各自的3个参数。

需要考虑几个要点:1.是否是以上2个特例;2.如果不是特例1,选择参考水平面,一般选择2个中较低的点作为参考比较简单;3.如果给出两处流体截面的半径或面积,则可根据连续性方程确定它们的流速关系;4.如果一个截面面积远远大于另一个截面(比如水桶里的水面和水桶下方的小孔),则截面大的流速v≈0;5.和大气相通则压力等于大气压(或表压为零)。

[例题一] 一个装满水的桶在水面以下0.80m处有一个开孔。

(a)当出口是水平开放的,水流出的速度是多少?(b)如果开口末端是竖直向上的,则形成的“喷泉”能达到多高?解:(a) 由于P1=P2,则伯努力方程为点1比点2高0.80m,即根据连续性方程A1》A2,v1相对于v2可忽略不计,故v1≈0。

TecQuipment H1D Volumetric Hydraulic Bench说明书

TecQuipment H1D Volumetric Hydraulic Bench说明书

Provides a controlled recirculatingwater supply and accurate volumetricmeasuring system to hydraulic andfluid mechanics experiments•Self-contained and fully mobile•Plastic and non-ferrous construction•Bench top providing ample working area•Range of experiments available for a complete course •Only service required is a single-phase electricity supply •Separate sump tank outlet facility•Ideal service unit for student projectsDescriptionThe TecQuipment Volumetric Hydraulic Bench supplies a controlled flow of water to a wide variety of laboratory experiments (available separately).The bench consists of a sump tank with a submersible pump, volumetric weighing system and working surface. All parts are manufactured in corrosion-resistant material. The sump outlets allow the bench to be used on almost any hydraulic circuit. Once filled, the bench needs no external water supply.The top of the sump tank provides the working surface, on which many of the experiments in TecQuipment’s Fluid Mechanics range conveniently mount. A rim around the working surface contains any spilled or excess water. The bench top also incorporates an open channel for experiments investigating flow measurement with weirs (sets of different weirs are available separately – see H1D/a and H1D/b). Larger experiments usually stand next to the hydraulic bench.Students use a control valve to regulate the pump and so adjust flow rate. The volumetric measuring system simply consists of a small inner tank with a level indicator. The level indicator is accurately calibrated in litres. TecQuipment individually calibrates the level indicator for each bench to ensure linearity.To measure flow rate, students direct the water flow into the small inner tank and start timing using a stopwatch (included). The measurement technique is simply to record the time taken to collect a given amount of water, read off the level indicator. Students divide the volume collected by the time taken to obtain the flow rate in litres per second. From this they can, if necessary, derive the mass flow rate. The power supply in the hydraulic bench includes overload and under-voltage protection.Standard Features•Supplied with comprehensive user guide•Five-year warranty•Made in accordance with the latest European Union directives Available Experiment Modules•Set of Weirs (H1D/a)•Advanced Set of Weirs (H1D/b)•Flow Through an Orifice (H4)•Venturi Meter (H5)•Friction Loss In a Pipe (H7)•Impact Of a Jet Apparatus (H8)•Flow Measurement (H10)•Vortex Apparatus (H13)•Losses in Piping Systems (H16)•Francis Turbine (H18)•Pelton Turbine (H19)• 2.5 Metre Flow Channel (H23)•Hydraulic Ram Pump (H31)•Series and Parallel Pump Test Set (H32)•Jet Trajectory and Orifice Flow (H33)•Pipework Energy Losses (H34)•Flow Meter Calibration (H40)•Pipe Surge And Water Hammer (H405)•Fluid Friction Apparatus (H408)Recommended Ancillaries•Set of Weirs (H1D/a)•Advanced Set of Weirs (H1D/b)H1D shown supporting the Vortex Apparatus (H13)Operating ConditionsOperating environment:LaboratoryStorage temperature range:–25ºC to +55ºC (when packed for transport)Operating temperature range:+5ºC to +40ºCEssential ServicesElectrical supply:Single-phase earthed electrical supply, 220/240 VAC, 50 Hz or 110/120 VAC, 60 Hz or 220 VAC 60 Hz (specify on order)Floor space needed:Approximately 2.5 m x 1.5 m of solid, level floor. Note: This product may produce small splashes of water in use, so you must use it at a safe distance from electrical supplies. TecQuipment recommend roughly 2.4 m.SpecificationsNett dimensions:1200 mm x 760 mm x 1100 mm Packed dimensions: 1.65 m 3and 141 kg Sump tank capacity: 160 litresVolumetric tank capacity: 35 litres Pump capacity:0 to 60 litres/minute at 1.5 m head Accessories (included):•Water additive and datasheet •Drain valve assembly and cover •Stopwatch58 East South Street, Rossville, IN 46065 800-251-9935**************FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT US!。

氧气疗法

氧气疗法

Venturi面罩 Venturi面罩
优点 提供恒定的FiO 提供恒定的FiO2 适用于COPD患者 适用于COPD患者 缺点 不能提供高的FiO 不能提供高的FiO2 -- 0.24 - 0.50
Venturi面罩 Venturi面罩: 注意事项 面罩:
确保氧流量与Venturi装置标记一致, 确保氧流量与Venturi装置标记一致, 才 能保证FiO 能保证FiO2准确
鼻导管
优点 使用方便 耐受良好 活动自如, 活动自如, 方便吃饭 及交谈 缺点 分钟通气量大的患 者很难达到高的吸 入氧浓度(< 入氧浓度(< 0.40) 不能用于鼻道完全 梗阻的患者 可能引起头痛或粘 膜干燥 容易移位
注意事项
氧流量最大6 lpm。 氧流量最大6 lpm。 氧流量 > 6 lpm, 应更换其他吸氧装置。 避免固定过紧,检查鼻孔或耳廓有无压迫 氧流量 > 4 lpm时, 使用湿化瓶可使患者 lpm时 感觉舒适。
临床上给氧方法: 临床上给氧方法:
氧疗装置的分类
低流量装置 高流量装置
低流量吸氧装置
鼻导管
恒定氧流量 鼻咽与口咽作为储氧部位(reservoir) 鼻咽与口咽作为储氧部位(reservoir)
– 平均容积50 ml 平均容积50 – 相当于解剖死腔的1/3 相当于解剖死腔的1/3
鼻导管
吸入氧浓度不确定 --除受氧流量影响外,也取决于呼吸频 --除受氧流量影响外,也取决于呼吸频 率、潮气量和呼吸方式。 高流量可能引起患者不适 --导致鼻粘膜干燥、痰液结痂 --导致鼻粘膜干燥、痰液结痂 氧流量> lpm时 FiO2不再增加 氧流量> 6 lpm时, FiO2不再增加
储氧气囊面罩(非重复吸入) 储氧气囊面罩(非重复吸入)
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Routine Care and Maintenance
3 4
THEORY EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS
Results and Calculations Ideal Pressure Distribution Measured Pressure Distribution Coefficient of Venturi Meter Calculations Discussion of Results Questions for Further Discussion
PE/ajp/db/0109
CONTENTS
Section 1 2 INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS
Description Installation and Preparation
Installation Instructions
Page
1 3 3 3 3 4 5 7 7 7 7 8 9 9
are made only at the entrance and at the throat, as these two readings suffice to measure the discharge. The larger number of tappings on this experimental Venturi tube are intended to show the distribution of pressure along the length of the convergent-divergent passage.
H5 Venturi Meter
© TecQuipment Ltd 2009 Do not reproduce or transmit this document in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without the express permission of TecQuipment Limited. TecQuipment has taken care to make the contents of this manual accurate and up to date. However, if you find any errors, please let us know so we can rectify the problem. TecQuipment supply a Packing Contents List (PCL) with the equipment. Carefully check the contents of the package(s) against the list. If any items are missing or damaged, contact TecQuipment or the local agent.
Page 3
TecQuipment Venturi Meter
3.
Connect down-stream end of apparatus to a plastic tube, the free end of which is directed into the weigh tank access hole in the centre of the bench top. 4. Set both the apparatus flow control and bench supply valve to approximately one third fully open positions. Before allowing water to flow through the apparatus check that the air purge valve on the upper manifold is tightly closed. 5. Switch on the bench supply and allow water to flow. To clear air from the manometer tubes it may help to slightly tilt the apparatus or lightly tap the tubes with the finger. 6. Close the apparatus flow control valve. Air will now be trapped in the upper parts of the manometer tubing and the manifold. 7. Release the air purge valve sufficient to allow water to rise approximately halfway up the manometer scale. 8. Close the purge valve. 9. Adjust both the bench supply and the apparatus control valves to obtain full flow. At this condition the maximum pressure difference between the Venturi inlet and throat is about 240 mm. During this initial preparation it may be found helpful to couple the pump to the purge valve, and manipulate accordingly, to obtain all water levels on the scale. 10. Observe the water levels for a few moments to ensure the purge valve is sealing properly.
If the valve is leaking there will be a steady rise in the levels. If tightening the valve does not stop the leak, replace the seal in the valve. 11. Subsequent flow rates are now obtained by closing the apparatus control valve.
Installation and Preparation
Immediately upon receipt of the apparatus, check all components against the accompanying Contents Packing List. If any items appear to be missing then carefully check amongst all packing materials. Installation Instructions The apparatus is delivered assembled and ready for use. However, check it upon receipt for transit damage. To install the apparatus: 1. 2. Place the apparatus on the Hydraulic Bench top. Connect the upstream side of the unit to the bench supply valve with a length of plastic tube.
Page 1
TecQuipment Venturi Meter
Page 2
SECTION 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE APPARATUS
Figure 2 Layout of the Venturi meter
Description
Figure 2 shows the arrangement of the Venturi Meter, which is manufactured in aluminium. Water enters via the bench supply valve and passes through a flexible hose into the meter. Beyond the control valve, which is just downstream of the meter, a further flexible hose leads to the measuring tank. At various points along the length of the convergent-divergent passage of the Venturi, piezometer tubes are drilled into the wall and connected to vertical manometer tubes mounted in front of a scale marked in millimetres. The manometer tubes connect at their top ends to a common manifold in which the amount of air may be controlled by a small air valve at one end. The whole assembly of Venturi meter, manometer tubes, scale and manifold is supported on a base mounted on adjustable screwed feet. It may be noted that in the usual form of Venturi meter intended for flow measurement, pressure tappings
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