2021届高考英语二轮复习 紧抓高考考点 第4部分 阅读理解 命题角度l 理解主旨大意

全国通用2011届高考英语二轮复习总复习：紧抓高考考点透视命题动向第四部分阅读理解命题角度l 理解主旨大意
(一)(典型例题精选 A study of English learning problems was carried out a- mong a total of 106 foreign students. It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival. This was followed by speaking. Writing increased as a problem as students discovered diffi- culties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in. Reading remained as a significant( 显著的)problem.
The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course. Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasona- ble motivation (动机), we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teach- ing in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation, especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different.
Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining(保持) or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had on e timetable that operated throughout, but we soon found that beth the students and the teachers lost interest by about half- way through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re - think, so finally we brought it into line with the expressed language needs of the students.
1. What is the text mainly about?
A. Foreign students have more problems.
B. There are many ways to improve English.
C. Teaching should meet students' needs.
D. English learning problems should be studied again.
2. Writing became a bigger problem when foreign students .
A. had to write their papers
B. became better at speaking
C. became less interested in reading
D. had fewer problems with listening
3. We may infer from the last two paragraphs that .
A. different teaching methods should be used
B. grammar- based teaching seems to be encouraging
C. English courses are necessary for foreign students
D. teacing content should be changed halfway
[考场错解]2．B 3．D
[专家把脉] 本文阐述了对106名外国学生在英语学习过程中所出现问题的研究结果。

1．主旨大意题，根据文章内容，c符合题意。

2．细节理解题，从第一段中Writing increased as a
problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in．可知答案选A。

3．推理判断题，c项文中没有涉及，B、D两项为文中细节而非推理，故本题选A。

[对症下药] 1．c 2．A 3．A
(二)(典型例题精选
Animals can move from place to place, but plants can- not. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend themselves by using beth physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, t he leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (剌) that discourage grass- eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal' s teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants pro- duce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants way fight against an attack by increasing the produc- tion of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (-毛虫) bites a tobac- co leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on beth physical and chemical de- fenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly( 多剌的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous ven- om (毒液). A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
1.What would be the best title for this passage?
A. Plants and Animals
B. How Plants Defend Themselves
C. Attacks and Defenses
D. How Animals Eat Plant Leaves
[考场错解] A
[专家把脉] 本题为归纳主旨大意题。

全文重点说明了植物的自我保护方法。

A项为“植物和动物”；B项为“植物怎样保护自己”；C项为“进攻和防卫”；D项为“动物怎样吃植物的叶子”。

B项符合题意。

[对症下药] B
专家会诊
此类试题要求考生掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，要求考生在理解全文的基础上对文章进行高度概括和总结。

做好这类试题要求考生注意以下几个方面：
1．注意文章的大小标题，标题一般都是文章的中心。

2．寻找主题句，从而抓住文章的中心思想。

一般说来，每个段落都有一个中心思想，尤其是议论文和说明文更为典型。

文章的主题句往往出现在段落的首句，但也有在段中或段末的。

3．如果文章段落较多，其中心往往在首段或末段。

4．试题中常见的标志性句子：The best title/headline for this passage is... The topic of the passage may be... The passage is mainly about... The central idea of the paragraph is that... What is the main topic of the passage7 Which sentence best expresses the main idea'?.
考场思维训练
(一)(典型例题精选)
The scene in the Hollywood movie The Day After Tomor- row, where global warming could soon turn the global climate(气候) into a new ice age, may never occur, according to new research.
The next ice age could be 15,000 years away, say Euro- pean scientists who last month
announced a continuous record of 740,000 years of climate data ( 数据) obtained from the Antarctic ice.
Scientists from 10 nations have now almost completely drilled through a 3,000 - meter, depth of ice high in the Ant- arctic mainland. They figure out that the area where summer temperatures can fall to -40℃, has at least 900,000 years of snowfalls, kept as neatly as the growth rings of a tree. And the ice and air caught in each layer ( 层) have begun to an- swer questions about the climates in the past.
The results show that there have been eight ice ages in the past 740, 000 years and eight warmer periods. And by comparing the pattern of global conditions today with those of the past, the researchers reported in Nature that the present warm period could last another 15, 000 years.
Research suggests that there is a very close connection between greenhouse gas l evels and global average tempera- tures. It also shows that carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levelsare the highest for at least 440,000 years.
"If people say to you: the greenhouse effect is a good thing because we would go into an ice age otherwise, our data say no, a new ice age is not hanging over our heads," said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey. "Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages.., and you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future. "
Scientists found that whenever temperatures rose in the frozen record, so did carbon dioxide level. " In 440,000 years we have never seen greenhouse gas get as thick as it is today," said Dr Wolff.
1 What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Resea rch over the Antarctic area.
B. Warm period to last about 15, 000 years.
C. Report on the eight ice ages in the past.
D. Hollywood movies and the global climate.
1．B解析：这是一道主旨题。

第二段"The next ice age coule be 15，000 years away"是科学家最新研究的成果，说明地球将会在15，000年内处于暖和的时期。

二) (典型例题精选)
Have you ever received a gift that was so clearly not your taste that you wondered if perhaps it had been handed to you by mistake? Worse, have you ever given a present and watched your friend look as though she had opened the wrong box? Maybe she responded with a polite "Why, thank you," but you knew you had missed the mark. Why do presents sometimes go wrong? And what do your choices (good and bad) reflect about your personal qualities?
Choosing the right gift is an art, I believe. It calls for em- pathyothe ability to put yourself into someone else' s head and heart. We're all able to do this; in fact, we're born with a kind of natural empathy. After the earliest period of childhood, however, it needs to be reinforeed(加强)by our parents, teach- ers, friends. When it isn' t, we' re not able to understand other people's feelings as sharply. This can show in the gifts we se- lect, and so can many other emotional( 情感的)qualities.
Think back to the presents you' ve given over the past year, the time and effort y ou put into your selection, how much you spent, your thoughts while you were shopping, and your feelings when the receiver opened the package. Keep in mind that what you choose displays your inner world. Of course, you may express yourself differently with different friends, relatives,
and other people you know.
We live in a society where exchanging presents is an im- portant part of communication. Ignoring the tradition won' t make it go away. If you really dislike such a tradition, tell your friends ahead of time.
1 The underlined expression "you had missed the mark" means "you had failed to ".
A. make her feel better
B. keep your friendship
C. receive a present in return
D. get the expected effect
2 Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph ?
A. Natural empathy needs to be reinforced.
B. Emotional changes influence one' s choic e of gifts.
C. Selecting the right gift is an ability people are born with.
D. Choosing gifts requires one to understand the receiv ers.
3 In the third paragraph, the author tells us that .
A. attention shoul d be paid to the receivers' responses
B. one learns from what he did in the past
C. the choice of gifts reflects one' s emotional qualities
D. one should spend more time choosing gifts
4 The best possible tide for this passage is " ".
A. Ways of Choosing Gifts
B. An Important Tradition
C. Exchanging Presents
D. Message in a Gift
1．D解析：句子理解题。

第一段说明你送了对方不喜欢的礼物，本句意为你没能达到送礼物的预期效果。

2．D解析：主旨大意题。

由第二段主题句Choosing the right gift is an an，I believe．It calls for empathy-the ability to put yourself into someone else’s head and heart．可知本题选D。

3．c解析：主旨大意题。

概括第三段大意知。

4．D解析：主旨大意题。

由文中各段主题意思，可概括出本文题目为D。