大学英语综合教程3Unit 8答案

答案3Unit-8大学英语综合教程Unit 8Pre-Reading Task Part IScript for the recording:A Clone of Our Ownit's go before long way to still be the next clones? The technology has a Will humansconsidered safe to try on humans. But even if it were safe, would it be right? Let's hear whatProfessor Hank Greely of Stanford University has to say on this topic . Interviewer: When will we clone a human?Greely: That's not a simple question. I think we have to ask ourselves: is there somethingabout the technology that is so wrong or so evil that it shouldn't be used at all? Or should it bejudged according to its intended uses? Interviewer: What are acceptable uses?Greely: We really need to distinguish between different types of cloning. If we use cloning togrow a new liver, I don't think many people will have problems with that- as long as it'sgrowing a liver and not taking a liver from a cloned person. Human reproductive cloning ismuch trickier. Interviewer: Why?Greely: Safety. There's still a very low success rate. With Dolly, the first cloned lamb, 29treated eggs were implanted in sheep to get one Dolly. We don't worry too much about sheepmiscarriages or about deformed lambs being born. But we would with humans. And wewouldn't know if a human clone would be healthy. Interviewer: Dolly appears to be healthy.Why wouldn't a human clone be so?Greely: There may be cell changes that are initially invisible and only show themselves asthe clone ages. There's also a problem with the ends of chromosomes in cells,which shorten until the cells can no longer reproduce. We know that Dolly's chromosomes are shorter than those of other sheep her age, and we don't knowwhat that means yet.I- 188 -AppendixInterviewer: Suppose human cloning was safe. In what situations do you see cloning being used?Helping parents who are having difficulty having children would be one area. Greely:Interviewer: Are there other situations where it might be acceptable to create a human clone?for an marrow donor to be a bone situation where parents want to create a new child A Greely:older sick child. That's a real tough one. But that issue might never arise if we succeed in growingI accidentally died. child who has the body. Another situation is cloning a bone marrow outsidethink that's disturbing. But I've never been in that position and so I don't feel comfortable sayingInterviewer: What about whether that's a good application or a bad application of the technology.cloning a Hitler or Michael Jordan ?Interviewer: Is there I think we can dismiss those as bad or even silly applications. Greely:anything else you'd like to say about the future of human cloning?andright it was as a society had decided were Greely: Even if cloning humans safe and weThe of clones. we'd see a lot purposes, proper for reproductive I don't think oldfash-ioned way of making babies has a lot going for it: It's easy, traditional, wellsex up going to give pleasant. and occasionally even People are not understood, anytime soon.Part II Text ATexf Organization1PartParagraphMain IdeaDolly the sheep, a clone, was bornParas 1-Part OnParas 3-Part TwDolly's birth has made cloning a reality and human cloning a possibilityParas 7-1Part ThrePeople have to face the ethical problems of human cloningParas 12-1Part FouCloning technology could benefit people in more than one way.- 189 -Appendix I2.Main IdeasSections ParagraphsParas 7-9 Section One Human cloning has given rise to the question of what implica-tions the technology may have for mankind.Paras 10-11Section TwoThe making of the atomic bomb had a tremendous impact onscientists .Vocabulary2) gave birth to1) residence4) primitive fuse 3)-6) compromise genes 5)8) union7) mixture10) started out beforehand 9), 12) catalog comment 11) 14) all the world13theoretical) opposed 15) 2) woke up 1) calls for4) runs out of took up 3)6) broke down sums ... up 5)8) has grown intolashed out at7)1) The hillside facing the Pacific is dotted with colorful houses.2) The present Labour government inherited a weak economy from the Conservative govern-3The great historian Dr. Franklin lashed out at the racial discrimination that hasplagued the American Blacks for more than two hundred years.4This blood test will show whether or not you're immune to the disease. 5Polite society will not tolerate such offensive behavior.4. 1) I am not opposed to the idea of cloning humans. I believe that in principle it is farless terrifying for a person to use his or her own genetic material to create an identicaltwin than to use an atomic bomb to kill people.2) Some people are wondering whether the advances in science have been good. They saythat the discovery of atomic energy let loose a power far more destructive than anyweapons people have invented since ancient times. They think that science has a greatpotentialAppendix 1- 140 -for doing evil unless we learn to harness it.3) The young man was a genius and had a brilliant mind for business management. Soonafter he inherited from his father a local newspaper, he merged it with another. Todayhis newspaper has grown into one of the best-known national news dailies. CollocationII.she took up residence elsewhere? rather Would you 1)have coffee?'d rather 2)I'll order tea. Or perhaps youwork for a living than become dependent on her husband. would rather She 3)she did not tell you the story. Yd rather 4)III. UsageAn unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday, 1)The reason (he gave) that he didn't notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory. 2)Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.3)Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that 4)serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon. Structure1) True, the sentence is grammatically correct, but it does not read naturally.1.It's true there has been a considerable increase in our living costs, but the quality of 2)our life has improved significantly because our wages have doubled over the sameperiod.3)True, Peter does not hold an MBA degree, but he is none the less a competentmanager.4)In my country, teenagers are not allowed to buy alcoholic drinks. True, butwe're not in your country, are we?2. 1) What if the scheme does not work out?2)What if some scientists ignore bioethics and start to clone human beings?3)What if you can't get home before dark?4)What if I did have a talk with your boss before he fired you ? Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. cloning2. am opposed to- 141 -Appendix Ioffensive 4. 3. terrifyingcuriosity 6. 5. normallypotential 8. 7. in principleimmune 9. transplanting 10.identical11. genius 12.(B)producing 2. 1. onthat/which 4. 3. ofDespite 5. both 6.with 7. took 8.for 9. human 10.but 11. not 12.who 14. 13. byof 15. opposition/condemnation 16.from 18. 17. whatwhen20. 19. withII. TranslatioAfter Dolly was born, cloning could no longer be dismissed as science fiction. The abilityto create an identical twin of a lamb is but one step short of cloning humans, which many findterrifying and offensive . However the technology holds great potential for medical application.Scientists could cultivate a batch of cells and direct them to grow into whole organs or evenlimbs that will be genetically identical to those of the patient, thus eliminating the problemofrejectioncausedbyimmune reaction when they are transplanted into his body. Or theycould take an organ from animals such as a pig that has been genetically altered so that it willbe tolerated by the recipient. Then the lives of thousands of patients who die every year beforea replacement heart, liver or kidney becomes available would be saved Part III TextBComprehension Check1. d2. c4. d3. bI Appendix - 142 -5. b6.c Translation(#JAL Appendix III)Language Practice1. prospect2.enhance4.3. necessarily condemn6.5. vague overcome8.7. was bound to rests on10.9. lent ... support to artificial12.11. objections inevitable14.13. subscribed to significant16.15. come to terms with by virtue of18.17. had second thoughts in essence20.19. prohibiting vitalPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperMy Views on Human CloningWith human cloning becoming a near-term prospect, we are broughtface-to-facewith the most basic ethical questions of life. Opinions differ widely as to whether humancloning should be prohibited.True, human cloning clearly has much to offer. By using cells from the patient's ownbody to grow organs to replace diseased parts, the problem of rejection can be avoided. Thismight prove useful, for example, in fighting leukemia through bone marrow transplants. Butwhat about making an identical copy of a human being?Ian Wilmut, who created Dolly the sheep, finds the idea offensive. Professor HankGreely at Stanford also finds the suggestion deeply disturbing. For one thing, thetechnology is far from perfect. There may be lots of miscarriages and deformed clones. Whatshall we do with them? Shall we keep the healthy clones and just kill off the ones with adeformed body or defective brains? That, I am afraid, would offend the religious beliefs of agreat many people. For another, even if the-Appendix I143 -technology is perfected, who can guarantee no one will misuse it for evil purposes?Therefore, I am strongly opposed to human cloning for reproductive purposes. Thegovernment should enact laws to prohibit it before it is too late.Non-reproductivecloning, on the other hand, should be encouraged. It may mean hope to many who arewaiting desperately for organs for transplantation to save their lives. If used wisely thetechnology may eventually free humans from many kinds of suffering that today seemunavoidable.(273 words)。