重庆市垃圾焚烧飞灰特性及重金属浸出行为

第5卷第6期环境工程学报

Vol ．5，No ．62011年6月

Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

Jun．2011

重庆市垃圾焚烧飞灰特性及重金属浸出

行为的研究

朱

伟

1

郝庆菊

1，2

江长胜

1，2*

袁雪

1，2

陆清萍

1

李娜

1

（1．西南大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室，西南大学资源环境学院，重庆400715；2．重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室，重庆400715）

摘要通过激光粒度仪分析了重庆市垃圾焚烧飞灰颗粒粒径的分布特征，并研究了在GB5085．3-2007和USEPA-TCLP 浸出条件下及不同pH 、浸出液固比和浸出时间等因素下重庆市垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的浸出行为。结果表明，重庆

市垃圾焚烧飞灰颗粒平均粒径为36.4μm ，飞灰中主要重金属总量约1.04%，Zn 、Pb 含量较高，具有较大的环境风险，必须

进行安全管理。GB5085．3-2007体系下飞灰的浸出毒性鉴别显示重庆市垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属未超出浸出毒性限值，TCLP 浸出体系下浸出毒性鉴别结果表明Pb 和Cr 浸出浓度分别为5.750mg /L 和1.890mg /L ，二者均超出标准限值。在较

强酸度条件下飞灰中重金属浸出量大大增加，

pH ＞2后浸出量则显著减少；浸出液固比＜40时主要表现为重金属的溶出，＞40后则主要表现为溶液稀释作用；飞灰重金属的浸出浓度与浸出时间呈显著对数正相关关系，浸出时间＞240h 后浸出

液浓度增加趋势不明显，

在GB5085．3-2007体系下经函数拟合预测浸出时间为35d 时Pb 浸出浓度超过标准限值。关键词

垃圾焚烧飞灰

重金属

粒径分布浸出行为

中图分类号

X705

文献标识码

A

文章编号1673-

9108（2011）06-1391-06Study on characteristics and leaching behavior of heavy metals from

municipal solid wastes incineration fly ash in Chongqing

Zhu Wei 1

Hao Qingju 1，

2

Jiang Changsheng 1，

2

Yuan Xue 1，

2

Lu Qingping 1Li Na 1

（1．Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region （Ministry of Education ），

College of Resources and Environment ，Southwest University ，Chongqing 400715，China ；

2．Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment ，Chongqing 400715，China ）

Abstract In order to investigate characteristics and leaching behavior of heavy metals from municipal solid wastes incineration （MSWI ）fly ash in Chongqing ，China ，grain size analysis and pH /liquid solid ratio /leaching time dependent experiments were conducted based on GB5085．3-2007and USEPA-TCLP．Results indicated that

the average particle size of the fly ash was 36.4μm ，the total fraction of the main heavy metals was about 1.04%in the fly ash ，with Pb and Zn accounting for the highest fractions and environmental risks．Leaching toxicity of

heavy metals in fly ash was investigated using the sulphuric acid and nitric acid method （GB5085．3-2007），the results indicate that the heavy metals leaching toxicity of the fly ash was safe．However ，the leaching toxicity ex-ceeded the limited standard by USEPA-TCLP method with Pb and Cr leaching concentration of 5．750mg /L and

1.890mg /L ，respectively．The leaching concentration increased when the leaching acid was stronger ，but de-creased markedly when pH ＞2．While the liquid solid ratio was less than 40，the leaching of the heavy metals was ascribed to the surface dissolved into the aquatic ，and when the liquid solid ratio exceeded 40，it was as-cribed to the dilution by the solution．The relationship between the leaching heavy metals concentration and leac-hing time were the remarkably positive logarithmic correlativity ，and the leaching heavy metals concentration in-creased gradually even when the leaching time was more than 240h．After the forecasting under the GB5085．3-2007procedure ，the result showed that the leaching concentration of Pb will reach the limit standard concentra-tion when the leaching time was up to 35days．

Key words MSWI fly ash ；heavy metals ；particle size distribution ；leaching behavior 基金项目：重庆市科技计划项目（CSTC ，

2009AC7011，2010AC7006）；国家自然科学基金项目（40805050）

收稿日期：2010－04－01；修订日期：2010－05－23作者简介：朱伟（1986 ），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向：固体废物

的处理与处置。E-mail ：wzhu2005@126．com *通讯联系人，E-mail ：jiangcs@126．com

垃圾焚烧飞灰是垃圾焚烧后产生的二次污染

物，经过焚烧高效“减容”后重金属主要富集在飞灰中

［1，2］

，是一种公认的危险废物。目前大量的飞灰