中考英语常见题型及解题技巧 e 选词填空

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选词填空

短文填空是近年才创设的一种新题型。这种题型为:给出一篇难易适中的短文,中间去掉10个单词,同时在一个方框内给出10至12个单词,①让考生根据短文的内容,确定词义②用方框中所给词的适当形式填空,确定词性和词形变化,把这些单词填入空白处,使文章正确、通顺。

这种题型考查的是考生的整体阅读能力和基础语法的运用能力,特别是单词的词性和词形转化能力。它是介于阅读理解和书面表达之间的一种题型。

根据平时的观察,学生在做英语的“选词填空”时,遭遇较多困难,有的甚至条件反射一样畏惧或厌烦。在此,我把平时积累的解题技巧和训练技巧略作归纳,希望能给有需要的学生朋友提供一点帮助。

“选词填空”要求学生利用所给的12个词汇(一般有名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、冠词、介词和连词等)补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关,学生除了要进行大量的课外阅读,积累丰富的语言知识外,还需掌握一定的解题技巧。

1.在拿到题目后,不要急于看文章,首先对备选的词汇研究几遍,对词性作简单的标记,例如:名词-n.,动词-v.,形容词-a.,副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。

2.通读全文,语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子,充分理解短文的内容,注意发现固定搭配关系,凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息,根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。

3.在选定单词后,不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中,需要瞻前顾后,既要符合本句的含义,又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时,要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如:match-matches, friend-friend‘s/friends’。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词,例如:sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous;在遇到动词时,要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do,现在分词-doing,过去分词-done,固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done…)。

形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或最高级,还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑,例如:interesting-more /the most interesting,happy-happily,happy -happiness;填入代词时,需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法;数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法,例如:three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ;冠词只需要在 a或an之间判别,如a girl/an old man;当遇到介词和连词时,就更简单,只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配,填入即可。为了方便记忆,试着记住下面的顺口溜:空前空后要注意,“名词”单复数要牢记,还有‘s 不能弃,“动词”注意要变形,“形副”注意要用三种级,要填“数词”请留意,千万别忘“基” 和“序”,填入“代词”需慎重,五格变化要谨记。

4.完成填词后,应通读全文,复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确,是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误,以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时,切勿错位。

例题解析:

(一)用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,使短文正确、通顺、连贯(每词限用一次)。

Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I'm here today to share a good lesson with you. It is a true story about an overseas student 71 ________ in Germany.

After years of hard work, this student graduated with amazing achievements. Everyone thought he was going to get a good 72________ easily and have a bright future. But to his disappointment, he was not even given the 73 _______ for an interview! The third time he was refused, he couldn't help telephoning the company to ask 74________ they didn't want him. The answer was simple. " We don't offer jobs to 75 __________ people in Germany."

What was wrong, you might wonder? The truth is, shortly after he arrived in Germany, this clever student found that it was 76________ to skip buying subway tickets. So 77_____ save money, he often went without a ticket. As a result, he had been caught without a ticket in the subway 78________ times.

From this story, we learn that we may get short-term benefits in dishonest ways, but the truth will 79 ________ sooner or later and the cost is high. So remember: honesty is the 80 _______ rule.

That's all for my speech. Thank you!

【主旨大意】这是一篇演讲稿。通过一个生动的例子告诉大家一个道理:我们可以用不诚实的方式获取短期的利益,但迟早会真相大白,并为此付出高昂的代价。诚实才是上策。

答案:

71. living 现在分词作定语,修饰 student

72. job 前一句说该学生取得了惊人的成绩,都认为他能有一份好工作(job)和光明未来。

73. chance 句意:他甚至没有被给面试的机会。

74. why .why引导的宾语从句表示原因。

75. dishonest由下文知那个学生4次逃票,所以是不诚实的。

76. easy 句意:...发现逃票很容易。注意句型:It is +adj.+to do sth.

77. in order to 句意:...为了节省钱,他经常逃票。

78. four four times 四次。注意用基数词

79. come out 。 "the truth will come out "将会真相大白。

80. best . "honesty is the best rule"诚实才是上策。注意the后的最高级形式。(二)用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,使短文正确、通顺、连贯(每词限用一次)。

Proving Them Wrong!

I' m John Wood, a doctor at a famous Boston hospital. During the first two years of high school, I found biology very 56______ . My report cards always said things like "must study harder" or "John shouldn't choose science 57_______ ." It was really terrible for 58_______ who had always dreamed of becoming a doctor. I lost confidence,

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