露天采石场生态环境影响评价报告

摘要

由于城市发展迅速，对石料的需求也越来越多，许多的露天采石场因此建立起来，但是他们却忽略了露天开采所带来的一系列生态环境影响，而且所做的防治措施远没有达到生态恢复的目标。为了进一步使人们了解到露天开采带来的危害并采取有效的防治措施，本文做了详细论述。首先对生态环境影响评价进行概述，包括生态环境影响的定义、评价原则与基本技术。然后对露天采石场的特点以及开采造成的生态环境影响进行分析，如一些常见的污染源，开采造成的危害：植被破坏、水体污染、土壤破坏、水土流失、生物量减少等。再结合某露天采石场进行生态环境影响评价与预测，并列出露天开采所应采取的具体的防治措施，包括工程措施和生物措施。希望通过本文的论述，能为露天开采提供借鉴，起到参考的作用。

关键词：露天采石场、露天开采、生态环境影响、防治措施、生态评价

Abstract

As a result of the speedy development of the cities, the demands of stone material become more and more. Many hypaethral quarries have been built because of this, but people neglect the ecological and environmental impact brought by opencast working. And the prevention and cure steps that do isn’t arrive at the goal of zoology renew. In order to make people realize the harms brought by opencast working more and take some effective prevention and cure steps, this text has do a particular dissertate. First, summarize the ecological and environmental impact assessment, include some defines, assessment principle and basic technology. And then analyze the characteristic of a hypaethral quarry and some ecological and environmental impact brought by opencast working. Such as some familiar pollute source, harms brought

by opencast working: botanic reakage, water pollution, edaphic reakage, water and soil loss, biomass reduce. Then use a hypaethral quarry to do the ecological and environmental impact assessment and forecast. And tick off some material prevention and cure steps in opencast working, include engineering and ecological steps. After the dissertation of this paper, wish it can offer a reference to opencast working.

Key words：hypaethral quarry, opencast working, ecological and environmental impact, prevention and cure step, ecological assessment

目录

1、概述 (1)

1.1、环境影响评价 (1)

1.2、生态环境影响评价 (1)

1.2.1、生态环境影响评价的含义 (1)

1.2.2、生态环境影响评价与传统环境影响评价的区别 (1)

1.3、生态环境影响评价基本原则 (1)

1.4、生态环境影响评价基本技术 (2)

1.4.1、评价指导思想 (2)

1.4.2、评价范围 (3)

1.4.3、评价标准 (4)

1.4.4、生态环境影响识别与评价因子筛选 (5)

1.4.5、评价等级 (8)

1.4.6、生态环境调查 (10)

1.4.7、生态分析与评价重点的确定 (13)

1.4.9、生态环境影响评价的基本程序 (17)

2、露天采石场的特点和生态破坏来源 (20)

2.1、特点 (20)

2.2、生态破坏来源 (21)

2.2.1、人为破坏来源 (21)

2.2.2、自然破坏来源 (22)

3、露天采石场的生态影响评价 (22)

3.1、生态影响评价导则概述 (22)

3.2、露天采石场的生态影响评价 (22)

3.2.1、植被破坏 (22)

3.2.2、水体污染 (22)

3.2.3、土壤破坏 (22)

3.2.4、水土流失 (22)

3.2.5、生物量减少 (23)

4、实例分析 (23)

4.1、工程分析 (23)

4.1.1、项目概况 (23)

4.1.2、项目工艺流程及营运期间生态环境影响 (26)

4.2、采石场生态环境影响分析与评价 (27)

4.2.1、采石场生态环境现状调查 (27)

4.2.2、水土流失预测与环境影响分析 (29)