高中英语语法总结-非谓语动词
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的用法总结
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的用法总结在高中英语学习中,非谓语动词是一个重要的语法知识点。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式,它们在句子中可以充当多种不同的语法角色。
本文将对这三种非谓语动词的用法进行总结,帮助高中生们更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法。
一、不定式用法1. 不定式作主语例如:To learn a foreign language is not easy. (学一门外语并不容易。
)2. 不定式作宾语例如:I want to visit the museum tomorrow. (我明天想去参观博物馆。
)3. 不定式作目的状语例如:He went to the supermarket to buy some groceries. (他去超市买些杂货。
)4. 不定式作目标状语例如:We need to study hard to pass the exam. (为了通过考试,我们需要努力学习。
)5. 不定式作定语例如:The girl to my left is my best friend. (我左边的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
)二、动名词用法1. 动名词作主语例如:Swimming is my favorite sport. (游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)2. 动名词作宾语例如:He enjoys playing basketball. (他喜欢打篮球。
)3. 动名词作介词宾语例如:She is good at dancing. (她擅长跳舞。
)4. 动名词作宾语补足语例如:I find it difficult to understand his speech. (我觉得理解他的演讲很困难。
)5. 动名词作定语例如:The running water sounds so relaxing. (流水的声音听起来很放松。
)三、分词用法1. 现在分词作定语例如:The book on the table is mine. (桌子上的那本书是我的。
高中英语:非谓语动词考点全总结!含义+用法+例题讲解
高中英语:非谓语动词考点全总结!含义+用法+例题讲解,三合一教会你!非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
高中英语语法-非谓语动词详解
非谓语动词教学重点1,非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别;2,非谓语动词的各种形式和应用;3,非谓语动词的考点解析。
一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
如:Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。
(teaches是谓语动词。
)Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk不定式作状语)2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
如:Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用第三人称单数形式)Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。
(do用原形)二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其动能和形式如下:非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下:三、考点解析非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。
解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
1 动名词和不定式作表语①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。
如:To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.②动名词作主语的句型。
如:It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
高中英语语法非谓语动词
非谓语动词动词在句子中除了充当谓语外,还可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用,在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。
这就是动词的非谓语形式。
当句子中需要用某种动作作主语、宾语或作某种修饰、说明的成分时,就要使用这种形式。
动词的非谓语形式有三种:(1)动词不定式:to study (to + 动词原形)(2)分词:studying (现在分词)、studied (过去分词)(3)动名词:studying (形式与现在分词相同)动词非谓语形式仍具有动词的一般特征,可以带有宾语、状语等构成短语。
动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化(以write为例):一、动词不定式其形式是“to+动词原形”。
to是不定式符号,无词义。
其否定式是在to前面加上not, never等否定词。
不定式可以有自己的逻辑主语,由for引出,加在不定式短语前面。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是表示不定式动作的承受者,则不定式用被动语态。
所谓逻辑主语,就是指非谓语动词等动作的执行者。
由于非谓语动词等带有动词的特征,但又不是谓语动词,所以这个动作的执行者就不能称为主语,而在逻辑上又是这个动作的执行者,所以就称为逻辑主语。
如果不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,这个不定式一般要用被动语态。
疑问词(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how还包括whether)等后面加不定式构成不定式短语,可做主语,表语,宾语等。
(一)作主语。
在不定式短语作主语的句子中,往往用it 作形式主语,而不把不定式短语放在句子的后面。
如:To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.象那样死去是一件可怕的事。
(it 作形式主语,把真正的主语to die like that放在后面)To know oneself is difficult.=It’s difficult to know oneself.有自知之明不容易。
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解高中英语语法非谓语动词详解在高级英语语法中,非谓语动词是非常重要的一部分,也是理解和掌握英语语法的关键。
非谓语动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色,可以表达不同的意思和功能。
本文将详细解释非谓语动词的定义、类型和用法,并通过实例进行分析和解释。
一、定义和类型非谓语动词指的是在句子中不作为主要动词的动词形式,它们可以表达动词本身的含义,但没有主语和谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种类型。
1、动词不定式:动词不定式是以“to+”动词原形构成的,表示动词的不同形式,如“to do”、“to being”、“to have done”等。
2、动名词:动名词是在动词后加上“-ing”构成的,表示动词的现在分词形式,如“playing”、“swimming”、“jumping”等。
3、分词:分词是动词的过去分词形式,分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词表示动词的动作正在进行,如“running”、“singing”、“dancing”等;过去分词表示动词的动作已经完成,如“finished”、“eaten”、“read”等。
二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以扮演不同的成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
下面我们通过具体的例子来分析非谓语动词的用法:1、动词不定式:在句子中,动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“To learn English is important”(学习英语很重要)中,动词不定式“to learn English”作为主语;或者在“I want to go home”(我想回家)中,动词不定式“to go home”作为宾语。
2、动名词:在句子中,动名词可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“Playing sports is fun”(做运动很有趣)中,动名词“Playing sports”作为主语;或者在“I enjoy listening to music”(我喜欢听音乐)中,动名词“listening to music”作为宾语。
高中英语非谓语的知识点总结
高中英语非谓语的知识点总结高中英语非谓语的知识点非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises.老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be mon in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
高中英语:英语语法中的非谓语动
高中英语:英语语法中的非谓语动词在英语语法中,非谓语动词是指不用于描述句子主语动作或状态的动词形式。
非谓语动词有三种形式:动词-ing形式,动词过去分词形式和不定式形式。
它们通常用作动词、形容词或副词的补语,或者在复合句中作为主语、宾语或定语。
一、动词-ing形式动词-ing形式一般表示正在进行或正在发生的动作,也可以表示某个行为的结果或影响。
例句:- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。
)- Smoking is bad for your health.(吸烟对健康有害。
)- She left the room, humming a tune.(她哼着曲子离开了房间。
)练习题:1. Choose the correct form of the verb in brackets.a. She was (peddling, pedaled) her bike to work every day.b. (Singing, Sung) in the shower is a great way to start the day.c. The (boiling, boiled) water spilled out of the pot.答案:a. pedaling; b. Singing; c. boiling2. Rewrite the following sentences using the -ing form of theverbs in brackets.a. She ate breakfast and then she left the house. (walk)b. I heard a noise and I woke up. (look)c. He finished his work and then he went to bed. (read)答案:a. She left the house, walking.b. I woke up, looking around.c. He went to bed, reading.二、动词过去分词形式动词过去分词形式一般用来表示被动、完成或已经发生的动作,也可以作为形容词或状语的补语。
高中英语知识点归纳语法非谓语动词的形式与用法
高中英语知识点归纳语法非谓语动词的形式与用法高中英语知识点归纳:语法非谓语动词的形式与用法1. 非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是指不具备人称、数和时态变化的动词形式,它可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
在英语中,非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。
2. 不定式的形式与用法不定式一般由“to + 动词原形”构成,常用于以下几种情况:(1)作为动词的宾语:- She wants to go shopping this afternoon.- He needs to finish his homework before going out.(2)作为动词的主语:- To study hard is important for your future.- To speak fluent English requires practice.(3)用于形容词后面作定语:- She is happy to help others.- It's difficult to learn a new language.(4)与一些动词连用构成特定搭配:- He agreed to help us with the project.- She decided to take a break and relax.3. 动名词的形式与用法动名词是动词-ing形式,可以作为名词使用,常用于以下几种情况:(1)作为动词的宾语:- I enjoy swimming in the pool.- He doesn't mind waiting for a few minutes.(2)作为动词的主语:- Swimming is a good form of exercise.- Singing in the choir brings her joy.(3)用于介词后面作宾语:- Are you interested in learning a musical instrument?- She is good at playing tennis.(4)与一些动词连用构成特定搭配:- I suggest taking a break and getting some rest.- He admitted stealing the money.4. 分词的形式与用法分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式,常用于以下几种情况:(1)作为动词的宾语补足语:- She heard him singing in the shower.- I saw a man injured in the car accident.(2)作为形容词修饰名词:- The running water is cold.- The broken glass needs to be cleaned up.(3)表示原因、结果等状语:- Being tired, she decided to go to bed early.- Hailed as a hero, he received a medal.(4)作为时间、条件等状语:- Walking along the beach, they enjoyed the sunset.- Given the opportunity, I would love to travel around the world.5. 非谓语动词的时态与语态非谓语动词不具备人称和数的变化,只有时态和语态的变化。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的特殊形式和用法
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的特殊形式和用法非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊用法,不具备人称和数的变化,不可作谓语,常以动词形式出现在句子中。
本文将针对高中英语中非谓语动词的特殊形式和用法进行归纳总结。
一、非谓语动词的特殊形式1. 动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式以to+动词原形构成,可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
例如:To learn a foreign language is important.(作主语)2. 现在分词(Present Participle)现在分词以-ing结尾,可以作定语、表语或状语。
例如:The girl sitting next to me is my sister.(作定语)3. 过去分词(Past Participle)过去分词可以作定语、表语、状语或动词的宾语补足语。
例如:The broken vase belongs to my grandmother.(作定语)二、非谓语动词的用法1. 不定式作主语示例:To make a decision is not easy.2. 不定式作宾语示例:I want to visit Paris next summer.3. 不定式作表语示例:His dream is to become a doctor.4. 不定式作定语示例:He needs a book to read in his spare time.5. 不定式作状语示例:I went to the library to study.6. 现在分词作定语示例:The students sitting at the back of the classroom are talking.7. 现在分词作表语示例:The book is interesting.8. 现在分词作状语示例:Crying loudly, the baby woke up the whole neighborhood.9. 过去分词作定语示例:The broken glass cut my finger.10. 过去分词作表语示例:I am excited about the news.11. 过去分词作状语示例:Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball.以上便是高中英语中非谓语动词的特殊形式和用法的归纳总结。
高中 英语语法 非谓语动词 详解
非谓语动词有3种形式:不定式、动名词和分词。
它们不能作谓语,无人称和数的变化,但都具有动词的特点(带宾语或状语、有时态和语态的变化)。
一. 不定式(具有名词、形容词和副词的性质)作主语1. To see is to believe.2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It’s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.这类形容词有: kind / clever / cruel / rude / selfish / careless / wise / stupid / honest / brave / generous / considerate etc作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in. decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do3. I don’t know what to do.decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.作介词but / except 的宾语6. I have no choice but to wait / can do nothing but wait.(but = except 前面有do,其后的不定式省“to”)7. He would rather die than give in.8. Who would you rather have go, Mary or me?would rather / would sooner / may / might as well / why / why not/ cannot (help) but / had better + do作宾补或主补1. I’ll have him say something at the me eting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to to sing the song.He was let go by the police.2. He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request etc sb to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. find a good place to study in, give me a knife to cut sth with3. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize4. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人5. the house to be built next yearcf: the house being built now / build last year作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件)目的to / in order to / so as to结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.2. He spoke slowly and clearly to make himself understood.3. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.4. Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?5. I’m so rry to have kept you waiting.6. I’m surprised to hear the news.7. He’s too young to dress himself.8. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果但下列句子中too…to…不表示结果, 也无否定意义a. too glad / pleased / delighted to doI’m too glad to meet you.b. too ready / willing to doI am too ready to help you.You are too ready to find fault with others.c. too anxious / eager to doHe’s too anxious to leave.d. The man is too easy to get angry. 这人太容易生气了.e. only too…toI’m only too delighted to accept your invitation.f. It’s never too late to learn.不定式的否定形式She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.不定式的完成和被动式The book seems to have been translated into English.But: The book is difficult to understand.I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.He is to blame for the accident.二.动名词(具有名词的性质)作主语1. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.2. It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth.It’s no use crying over spilt milk.3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.作表语1. My job is teaching English.cf: One’s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。
高中英语语法 ―― 非谓语动词讲解
高中英语语法――非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.动词ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 Bb. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
(完整版)高中英语语法知识点详解:非谓语动词用法
高中英语语法知识点详解:非谓语动词用法非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征(如有自己的宾语或状语等)的动词形式。
非谓语动词包括:动词不定式、动名词形式、和分词形式三类.注意:非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但却有时态和语态的变化,在句中可以作除谓语之外的各种成分.I 不定式两种形式:一种是带to的不定式;一种是不带to的不定式。
不定式的构成形式1.不定式的一般式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生,动作通常时间性不强。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他谈话是一件愉快的事。
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划是在两周内完成这项工作.2.不定式的进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。
The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in。
老师进来时,孩子们假装在大声朗读。
I happened to be watching TV when she called.她打电话来时,我恰巧正在看电视。
3.不定式的完成式:不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,强调动作的先后顺序。
I am very sorry to have troubled you with so much questions.问了你很多问题,打扰你了。
She is said to have studied abroad last year。
据说去年他在国外学习过.4.不定式的完成进行式:表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作的时间之前,一直在进行。
They suspected us to have been quarreling。
他们怀疑我们刚刚吵过架.We are glad to have been working with you。
高中语法专题解析非谓语动词
高中语法专题解析非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语动词,具有名词、形容词和副词特征的动词形式。
在英语语法中,非谓语动词主要包括不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
本文将对非谓语动词的用法进行详细解析,并提供相关例句进行说明。
一、不定式不定式作为非谓语动词,一般形式为“to + 动词原形”,可以作为名词、形容词或副词使用。
1. 不定式作为名词用法不定式作为名词时,可以作为主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语或定语等。
例句:- To learn English well is my goal.(作主语)- His dream is to become a doctor.(作表语)- I want to buy a new car.(作宾语)- She is looking for a place to live in.(作介词宾语)- This is the book to study for the test.(作定语)2. 不定式作为形容词用法不定式作为形容词时,可以修饰名词或代词,并且位于被修饰词之后。
例句:- He has a lot of work to do.(修饰名词)- I have something important to tell you.(修饰代词)3. 不定式作为副词用法不定式作为副词时,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词,并且位于被修饰词之后。
例句:- He came home to rest.(修饰动词)- The movie is too long to watch.(修饰形容词)- She worked hard to pass the exam.(修饰副词)二、现在分词现在分词以-ing结尾,作为非谓语动词时,可以表示一个主动或进行的动作。
1. 现在分词作为形容词用法现在分词作为形容词时,可以修饰名词或代词,并且位于被修饰词之前。
例句:- The running water is clean.(修饰名词)- She saw a crying baby.(修饰代词)2. 现在分词作为副词用法现在分词作为副词时,可以修饰动词、形容词或副词,并且位于被修饰词之前。
高中英语语法梳理-非谓语动词
高中英语语法非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。
动词不定式定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
主动形式被动形式一般式to do to be done一.不定式的意义1.不定式的一般式:一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).e.g.He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2.不定式的进行式:进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g.When I went to his home,he happened to be traveling around the world.3.不定式的完成式:如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前,就用完成式;若是在此基础上的被动含义,就用完成被动式(to have been done).e.g.He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4.不定式的完成进行式:如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作,就要用完成进行式.e.g.We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二.不定式的用法1.不定式做主语:不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
高中英语语法:非谓语动词总结-大全
高中英语语法:非谓语动词总结-大全非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
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非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)不定式一、不定式的作用1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
如:Ittookus two hoursto finish the job.It is impossible for usto get there on time.It is very kind ofyou to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型。
试比较:Itis tonegate my ownidea to believe him.(错)To believe himis to negatemyown idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj.of /for sb. todosth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
如:He managedto escape fromthe fire.I find it hard to getalongwithhim.(it 作形式宾语)注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want,try, hope, wish,need, forget,know,promise, refuse, help, decide,begin,start,learn,agree,choose, get等(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。
如:I don’tknow what to do next/ howtodo it next.I can’tdecide whentogo there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
如:I findit necessary tolearn a foreign language.3、作宾语补足语(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。
如:He warnedmeto becareful.I want you to speak toTom.Whatmakes you think so?(不带to的不定式)注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise,invite,allo w,help,wish,warn, expect, prefer,encourage(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+to be 的不定式结构。
如:We consider Tom to be one of the best students in ourclass.The bookis believed to be useful.(被动语态)(3) There +不定式。
如:We didn’texpect there tobe so manypeople there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意:(1)有些动词需用as短语作补语,像regard, think, believe,take,consider。
如:We regardTom asour bestteacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Marytook himasher father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(2)在动词feel(一感),hear,listen to(二听),have,let, make(三让),notice,see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
如:Theysaw theboy fall off thetree. The boywasseen to fall off thetree.(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him(to)clean the room.I helpedhim (to) find histhings.4、作定语不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。
不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
如:I havea lot of workto do.(动宾关系)Heis looking for a roomto livein.(动状关系)He isthe firstpersonto think of the idea.(主谓关系)Hehas got achance to goabroad.(同位关系)注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。
如:Doyou haveanything elseto say?2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。
如:I need a pen to write with .(I willwirte withthe pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)I have a littlebaby to lookafter.(I must look afterthe little baby )(我有一个婴儿要照看)作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如inorder to, so as to,so…asto,such…asto, ….enough to, too…to等。
(1)做目的状语,to, only to (仅仅为了),in order to, so as to, so(such)….asto…(如此···以便···)如:Heran sofastasto catchthe first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He cametothe school to see his son.(2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。
如:He hurried tothe post office only to findit wasclosed.Hesearchedthe room only tofind nothing.(3)做原因状语。
如:We were very excitedto hear the news.I’m glad to seeyou.(4)做条件状语。
如:Toturntothe left,youcould find a post office.5、作表语不定式可放在be动词后面,构成表语。
如:The question is how to put it into practice.My question is whento leave.His dreamis tobe a doctor.Herwork is to look after the babies.注意:1.不定式在句中作表语时,对应的谓语动词用单数。
2.当助于是不定式时,表语不能用Ving形式,可用不定式。
如:To see istobelieve. (眼见为实)6、独立结构。
如:To tell you the truth, I don’t agree withyou.Tomakematters worse, it beganto rain.二、不定式的时态和语态1、不定式的时态(1)现在时:有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
如:He seems to know this.I hope tosee you again.(2)完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
如:I’m sorry to have givenyou somuch trouble.Heseemsto havecaughta cold.(3)进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
如:He seems to be eating something.(4)完成进行时:表示动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能持续下去。
如:She is known to havebeen working on the problemfor many years.2、不定式的语态当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时,就用被动式。
如:He was seen toenter thehall. He asked to be sent towork in Tibet.三、省to 的动词不定式1、情态动词(除ought外,ought to)2、Wouldrather, had better.3、感官动词see, watch, look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补,省略to.注意:在被动语态中to 不能省略掉。
如:I sawhimdance. He was seento dance.The boss made themwork thewhole night.Theywere madeto work thewholenight.4、使役动词let,have,make.5、由and,or 和than 连接的两个不定式,第二个to 可以省去。
如:Hewants to moveto France andmarry thegirl.6、Help可带to ,也可不带to, help sb.(to)do sth.7、Why…/Why not…8、But 和except 前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
试比较:He wants to donothing butgoout.Hewants to believe anythingbutto take the medicine.9、通常在discover, imagine,suppose, think,understand 等词后,可以省去to be.如:He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。
——I usually go thereby train.——Why not ______by boat for a change?Ato try goingB trying togoCtotryand goD try goingPaul doesn’t have to be made ______. Healwaysworks hard.A learnB to learnC learnedD learning四、动词不定式的否定式。