写作作业

大学英语四级写作一、3种常见出题方式1. 提纲式文字命题一般会给出作文的英文题目以及两到三点的中文提纲（偶尔也可能是英文提纲），提纲大致规定了各段落的主题，要求考生根据这个主题制定主题句，并围绕主题句展开段落，最后对主题进行总结呼应。

2. 提纲式图表命题一般会给出作文的英文题目以及一个或几个图片、图画或图表，并在图片或图表下方给出两到三点的中文提纲，要求考生用文字描述图片或图表，解释其所反映的某种趋势或问题，然后分析导致该趋势或问题的原因或其带来的后果和影响。

图表类型可能是统计表（table），也可能是统计图（graph），如曲线图（line graph），条形图（bar graph）和扇形图（pie graph）等等（如四级真题材料P144）。

3．情景式命题一般属于应用文文体，如书信、海报、景点介绍等。

一般会给出一个特定的情景，要求考生根据该情景撰写一封书信或其他某种形式的应用文。

（如P56，07年6月份作文）二、5大写作评分标准先就总体印象划定作文等级，然后根据具体情况上下浮动1分。

2分--条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。

5分--基本切题。

表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差。

有较多的严重语言错误。

8分--基本切题。

表达思想比较清楚，文字尚连贯；但语言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。

11分--切题。

表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。

14分--切题。

表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。

基本无语言错误。

除了以上五个主要标准之外，评分时还考虑以下三个因素：l．白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给零分。

2. 字数不足者酌情扣分(81-89个词扣1分，7l-80个词扣2分，61-70个词扣3分，51一60个词扣4分，不足50个词最多只给5分)。

所计字数不包括卷面上已给主题句。

3．只写一段者0-4分，只写两段者0-9分。

总之：内容切题、表达清楚、文字连贯、结构清晰、句式多变、语言规范。

三、六类作文行文思路1.现象解释型1）描述现象并说明现状。

2）分析现象原因或相关因素。

3）提出建议或总结观点。

Composition 1“Away from Net-bar” campaign1.新闻媒体披露,徐州某中学发起了“远离网吧”运动，该校1000多名学生签名，庄严承诺“远离网吧”。

2.分析学校发起“远离网吧”运动的原因。

3.对此发表你的看法。

学生习作：Away from “Net-Bar” CampaignThe news report that a high school in XuZhou launch a campaign about away from “net-bar”. More than 1000 students of this school sign their names on the papers. They stately promises that away from “net-bar”.“Net-bar” isn’t a place proper students. Most students play net games there, they spend many hours even several days on games. It is no doubt that their study will be held up. They lost their heart, lostcontrol of their mind. They have no interest on study, this will straight influence their future. And the environment of “net-bar”isn’t good. Some people smoking, speeking dirty words, it is confusion.“Net-bar” is bad for students, so the school start this campaign. The school hope every students will be useful.I think this high school really do a good job, this campaign is perfect. I’m in entire agreement with the school.参考范文Away from Net-bar CampaignIt has been reported that a middle school in Xuzhou City has recently launched a campaign named “Away from Net-bar”. More than a thousand students have signed for their solemn promise that they will not spend a single minute in the net-bars. There are two reasons accounting for this phenomenon.On the one hand,the net-bars around the school usually offer unhealthy programs such as violent films. This is harmful, especially for middle school students who are not mature enough to tell the true from the false. On the other hand, students’ physical health and study may be seriously affected if they spend too much time in net-bars.As to me, the “Away from Net-bar” campaign deserves praisebecause it not only takes into account students’ study, but also pays attention to their physical and mental health. What’s more, it helps purify the environment around the school and thereby gives students a quiet and secure place to live and study. To conclude,the “Away from Net-bar” campaign should be advocated widely.2. 问题解决型首先引出要解决的问题及其严重性或必要性，并简要分析其产生的原因，然后得出解决问题的办法或措施。

Smoking1.许多人有吸烟的习惯，这不仅对自己的健康有害，也会影响到他人的健康。

2.分析戒烟难的原因。

3.应该如何减少吸烟给人们带来的危害。

Nowadays, there are still quite a few people who are smoking everyday. Smoking can lead to heart disease, cancers and other problems. Even worse, smoking not only does harm to smokers themselves, but also damages people’s health around them.However, even with the knowledge of the bad effects of smoking, many people still find it difficult to stop smoking, which is due to the following reasons. Among these, the effect of nicotine, the main content of cigarettes plays a vital role. Its chemical effect makes many people feel uncomfortable once they stop smoking for just a while. In addition, many smokers lack enough determination andwillpower so that they often give up half way.Considering the great harm brought by smoking, I think it is high time that we took effective measures to help people keep away from it. Above all, smoking should be forbidden in most of the places. Moreover, more campaigns should be organized to raise people’s awareness of the harm of smoking. Besides, the government should keep the development of cigarette manufacturers under control. Only through these ways can people be kept away from the harm of smoking as soon as possible.（2010年6月）Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。

2.出现这种现象的原因是。

3.为了改变这种状况，我认为Correct spelling is a basic skill in English study. However, nowadays many students do not pay much attention to it.They have their own reasons for misspelling. First of all, they like an easy way of studying, which causes some omissions and changes in spelling. Second, the teachers might not be very strict in students spelling. In China, teachers seem to be more concerned with grammar and vocabulary but not spelling.To change this situation, in my opinion, the teachers and thestudents should work together. On the one hand, the teachers should give more attention to students spelling, asking the students to be conscious of the importance of correct spelling from the very beginning of their English study. On the other hand, the students themselves are supposed to be aware that correct spelling is a must in English study.To sum up, correct spelling is so important that both students and the teachers should spare no efforts to achieve correct spelling. 3. 观点对比型要求考生比较两种观点或两种做法，或是阐述某事物的利弊或优缺点，进而表明自己对问题或事物的态度或观点。