删除法

Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials.
只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用 它们。
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1.Converting into Verbs
An English sentence contains no more than one predicate verb, while in Chinese it is not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple sentence. 1) Nouns Converted into Verbs • The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声， 我感到 心驰神往。 • Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已被用来探索宇宙。 • I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我认为我的 小弟弟比我教得好。
1.Converting into Verbs 4）Adverbs Converted into Verbs • His poor health force him away from England. 健康不佳迫使他离开英国。 • When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through. 当开关断开时，电路就形成开路，电流不能通过。 • In this case the temperature in the furnace is up. 这种情况下，炉温就升高。
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1.Converting into Verbs
2）Prepositions Converted into Verbs • “ Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch... “来啦！” 她转身蹦跳着越过草地， 跑上小径， 跨上台阶， 穿过凉台，进了门廊。 • Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部每天长时间工作， 吃的是 粗茶淡饭， 住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是暗淡的油灯。
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4． Converting into Adverbs
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) Adjectives Converted into Adverbs
This is the most common case when a noun modified by an adjective is converted into a verb in the Chinese version， then its adjective is converted into adverb at the same time.
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3）Adjectives Converted into Verbs
• Doctors have said that they are not sure
they can save his life. 医生说他们 不敢肯定能否救得了他的生命。 • The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是 个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。 • Both of the substances are soluble in water. 两种物质都能溶于水。 6
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3．Converting into Adjectives
) Nouns Converted into Adjectives • The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。 • This experiment was a success. 这个实验很成功。 • Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。
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2. Converting into Nouns
3）Pronouns Converted into Nouns Pronouns are more frequently used in English than in Chinese. Sometimes, we have to convert them into nouns to avoid confusion. • Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wavelength is much greater. 无线电波与光波相似， 但无线电波的波长要长得多。 • The specific resistance of iron is not so small as that of copper. 铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。 • The result of this experiment is much better than those of previous ones. 这次实验的结果比前几次的实验结果都好得多。
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1.Converting into Verbs
3）Adjectives Converted into Verbs Many English adjectives after a link verb indicating one’s consciousness, feelings, emotions, desires, etc. are always converted into Chinese verbs. These words include: confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able, etc.
Conversion, one of the commonly adopted translation techniques, means the change of parts of speech(词性) in translation. Owing to the syntactical differences between English and Chinese, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation. Conversion of parts of speech in English-Chinese translation takes the following forms.
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3．Converting into Adjectives
2) Adverbs Converted into Adjectives English adverbs are used more extensively than that of Chinese; and many of them can be converted into Chinese adjectives. • Earthquakes are closely related to faulting. 地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。 • It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic. 人们已经证实气体具有理想的弹性。 12
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2. Converting into Nouns
2）Adjectives Converted into Nouns Adjectives with the definite articles to indicate categories of people, things, or adjectives used as predicative to indicate the nature of things may also be converted into nouns. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 Both the compounds are acids, the former is strong, the latter weak. 这两种化合物都是酸， 前者是强酸， 后者是弱酸。 In the fission process the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。
Unit 3 Conversion
Ⅰ. Conversion in English-Chinese Translation Ⅱ. Conversions in Chinese-English Translation
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I. Conversion in English-Chinese Translation
• Below 4℃, water is in continuous expansion instead of
continuous contraction. 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。
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4． Converting into Adverbs
• ) Adjectives Converted into Adverbs
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2. Converting into Nouns
1) Verbs Converted into Nouns • Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好， 耐磨性强。 • To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权力的化身。 • The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 设计的目的在于自动操作， 调节方nto Adjectives
• The pressure inside equals the pressure
outside. 内部的压力和外部的压力相等。 Not only can English adverbs be converted into Chinese adjectives, but also into nouns occasionally. • He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但心智健全。