国际贸易专业英语课后参考答案
国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案
从量税specific duties财政关税revenue tariff政府采购government procurement从价税Ad valorem Duties增加内需raise domestic demandDomestic content 国内含量Red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒Export susidies 出口补贴Binding quota 绑定配额Absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制Tariff-rate quotas 关税配额Trade bloc 贸易集团Trade block 贸易禁运／封锁Open regionalism 开放式区域主义Trade embargoes 贸易禁运歧视性关税discriminatory tariffs经济制裁economic sanction贸易弹性trade elasticity双边贸易协定bilateral trade agreements多边贸易协定multilateral trade agreements惠国Patronage nations受惠国Favored nations缔约国Contracting Parties市场准入market access透明度transparency紧急进口措施Urgent Importing Measures争端解决机制dispute settlement mechanism可持续发展sustainable development特许经营franchise惠国Patronage nations受惠国Favored nations缔约国Contracting Parties市场准入market access透明度transparency紧急进口措施Urgent Importing Measures争端解决机制dispute settlement mechanism可持续发展sustainable development特许经营franchiseFOB 吊钩下交货 FOB Under Tackle平舱 trim多式联运 multimodal transport船舷 shipboard内陆水运 marine navigation on inland waterway理舱 stowCFR 卸至岸上（含着陆费） CFR LandedCFR 舱底交货 CFR Ex-ship’s HoldCFR 班轮条件 CFR liner termsReference ／Duplicate Sample 基准样品／副样Qulity Tolerance 品质公差Counter Sample 对等样品More or Less Clauses 溢短装条款Neutral Packing 中性包装Customs Formality 报关手续Inspection Certificate of Quality 质量检验证书FDA 食品及药物管理局Marking of Goods 标记货物毛重gross weight理论重量theoretical weight净重net weight约定皮重computed tare公量conditioned weight单位重量unit weight含水量water capacity习惯皮重customary tare法定重量legal weight实际皮重actual tare从价税ad valorem duty平均皮重average tare货样不符goods not equal to the sample副产品by-products国家质量监督校验检疫总局General Administration of Quality Supervision，Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China油轮Oil tanker定程租船Voyage Charter滚装船Ro ／Ro vessel定期租船Time Charter载驳轮LASH（Light Aboard Ship）光船租船Bare Boat Charter（BBC）船期表sailing schedule租船合同charter contract滞期费demurrage charge班轮运价表liner freight rate schedule速遣费dispatch money选卸附加费optional additional直航附加费direct additional转船附加费transshipment surcharge港口拥挤附加费Port Congestion Surcharge运输代理transpotation agent包裹package拼箱货LCL（Less than container load）结汇settlement整箱货FCL（Full container load）空运单Air waybill集装箱货运站container yard装运通知shipping notice处置权right of disposalPartial shipment ／transshipment 分批装船／转运Order B ／L 指示提单Combined transport B ／L 联合运输提单Blank B／L 空白提单Straight B／L 记名提单Through B ／L 联运提单Liner B／L 班轮提单Ante-dated B ／L 倒签提单Advanced B／L 预借提单Consignment note 陆运或铁路运输通知Blank endorsement 空白背书IATA 国际航空运输协会Combined transport documents 多式联运单据FCL ／LCL 整箱交／拆箱接投保人insured共同海损general average投保金额insured amount外来风险extraneous risks保险单insurance policy推定全损constructive average海上风险marine risks施救费用salvage charges救助费用sue and labor expenses意外事故misfortune承保人insurer单独海损particular average保险费insurance premium航空运输货物战争险air transportation war risk 陆运险land transportation risks陆运一切险land transportation all risks估损费用risk estimation charges航空运输一切险air transportation all risks Ocean marine insurance 海运保险Basic risks coverage 基本险种Insured amount 投保金额T.P.N.D 偷盗、失窃、提货不着险Taint of ordr 窜味险Overland transportation insurance 陆上运输保险Parcel post insurance 邮寄包裹保险Free from particular average 平安险Additional risks coverage 附加险别Fresh water and ／or rain damage 淡水雨淋险With particular average 水渍险信用状况 credit standard远期信用证time L ／C,usance L ／C通知银行advising bank信用证有效期the maturity of L ／C交付运单delivery of B ／L支付保障条款confirmation of credit支付结算payment and settlement申请人与受益人applicant and beneficiary国际保理international factoringirrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证confirmed L ／C 保兑信用证revocable letter of credit 可撤销信用证sight draft 即期汇票commercial bill of exchange 商业汇票time draft 远期汇票governmental guarantee 政府保函drawee 付款人仲裁条款arbitration clause仲裁员arbitrator做出裁决issue an award提出仲裁申请submit dispute to arbitration国际商会International Chamber of Commerce美国仲裁协会American Arbitration Association中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会China International Economic ＆Trade Arbitration Commission首席仲裁员presiding arbitratorPotential partner 潜在合作伙伴ICC 国际商会Qualified negotiators 合格的谈判队伍Commercial negotiation 商业谈判Negotiation brief 谈判纪要Negotiation team 谈判团队Conclude a negotiation 终结谈判Credit reference 信用参照Business range 商务往来范围Face-to-face negotiation 面对面谈判Annual sales volume 年度销售额Trade show 贸易展销会还盘counter-offer询盘inquiry受盘人offeree发盘人offeror发盘offer可撤消的revocable虚盘offer without engagement实盘offer with engagement一般交易条件common practice in international trade失效invalid撤回revoke市场经济地位market economy status出口程序exporting procedures出口许可exporting license计价货币payment of account订舱book the shipping space or ship审单check documents报关customs dedaration提货taking delivery备货cargo readiness制单结汇document examination and paymentImporting procedures 进口程序Import license system 进口许可制度Returned Goods Relief 退转商品减免Product liability 产品责任ATA carnet 暂准进口证Inward ／Outward processing 进出口加工原产地证书certification of origin领事发票consular invoice海关发票customs invoice外汇许可证foreign exchange license形式发票pro forma invoice商业发票commercial invoice国际汇款申请单application for international transfer跟单信用证申请表application for documentary letter of credit 海运提单bill of lading多联运提单Multi-transportation B ／L托运单consignment note到货通知arrival notification经销distribution寄售consignment一般经销商non-exclusive distributor独家经销商sole distributor中间人intermediary保付代理factoring直接贸易direct trade间接贸易indirect trade存货stock-in-tradeforwarding agents 运输商clearing agents 清算代理retail price 零售价ultimate customers 最终客户consignor 寄件人consignee 收件人gross proceeds 总货价收入to sell goods on discount 折扣销售working capital 运营资本conform to all rules 遵守所有条款consignment note 托运单交钥匙工程turn-key plant-engineering 工程设计designs of plant-engineering 总价合同total price contract单价合同unit price contract邀标invitation to bid基价base price limit on bid递标submission of tenders保函a letter of performance guarantee 开标bid opening议标evaluation of tenderTender 标书bid document 竞标文本initial design 初始设计construction design 结构设计Know-how 专有技术Initial operation 初始运作Main contractor 主承包商Subconstracor 分包商countertrade 对等贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易counter purchase 回购switch trade 转手贸易offset 抵偿贸易swap 互换barter 物物交易reverse countertrade 反向对等贸易infrastructure 基础设施clearing agreements 清算协定buyback 回购、产品返销parallel trade 对购、平行贸易CBOT （Chicago Board of Trade）芝加哥期货交易所CME （Chicago Mercantile Exchange）芝加哥商品交易所NYME （New York Mercantile Exchange）纽约商品交易所London Metal Exchange 伦敦钢铁交易所Tokyo Stock Exchange 东京证券交易所Singapore International Monetary Exchange 新加坡国际金融交易所Clearing houses 清算中心Hong Kong Commodity Exchange 香港商品交易所Margin system 保证金系统Variation margin 价格变动保证金Floor traders 场内交易人期货市场futures market期货合同futures contract冲抵hedging期货交易所futures exchange远期合同forward contract初始保证金original margin套期保值hedging投机者speculator买入套期保值long hedging卖出套期保值short hedging头寸position现价／期价present value ／future value１．Futures trading originated from forward contracts．２．Future markets are centralized， regulated markets where an actual commodity is not physically traded； instead， futures contracts are bought and sold．３．Future prices are quote for delivering a designated quality and quantity of goods to a specific place and time．４．Hedging is the practice of offsetting the price risk inherent in any cash market position by buying or selling futures contracts．５．Hedgers use futures to protect their businesses from negative price changes that could negatively impact the bottom-line profitability of their businesses．６．A future exchange is usually a membership organization whose purpose is to facilitate the trading of futures contract．1.Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a government on imports and ／or exports.2.A revenue tariff can be some of the incomes of a government,but it must be taken under control.3.To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which might be fought against by government of the importing country.4.A tariff may be assessed on a per unit basis,in which case it is known as a specific duty.It also may be assessed as a percentage of the value of the item,in which case it is knownas an ad valorem duty.5.Import tariffs primarily serve as a means of raising the price of the import goods so that competitively produced domestic goods will gain a relative price advantage.１.Under CFR,buyer should effect insurance.２.Under CIF Ex-Ship’s Hold,seller should pay the discharge charges. ３.Under CIF,the insured amount should be US ＄22000 if the contracted price is US＄20000.４.Under CIP,seller has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.５.The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. ６.The DEQ term requires the buyer to proceed with the customs clearance for imports and payment of all customs duty.７.Under DDP,the seller must pay the costs of customs duties as well as all duties,taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and importation of the goods.８.Under DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice of the shipping of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow the buyer to take measure.１．An overseas importer is a country to which an exporter intends to export his commodities．２．Quota is a limit on the quantitative amount of a product allowed to export out of a country in a year．３．A negotiating brief is an attitude toward setting small issues before deciding on principles．４．An offer is the price given by a trader who is willing to buy or sell commodities at that price．５．Counter-offer is a process usually made by the buyer of asking the seller about the terms of a sale．６．Business negotiation is the process in which the seller and the buyer discuss about the trade terms in order to reach an agreement about the sales of goods．７．Promotional communication includes a series of activities by a company for making its new products generally known and well liked,usually by participating in the export commodity fairs,distributingcatalogs,booklets,and samples among his potential customers,etc．１．Most of the import transactions in that country are under FOB term．２．After signing a contract,the importer should open L ／C to fit the sales contract term．３．Under FCA,the importer is responsible for shipment．４．After receiving the exporter’s notification of cargo readiness,the importer should book shipping space or ship．５．Under CFR,the importer should ask the exporter to advise the shipment in time so that the goods can be covered by insurance without delay．６．After shipment,the exporter will present to the negotiating bank the relevant documents to get payment．７．Under documentary collection,the importer himself should examine the documents presented by the exporter to confirm if they meet the requirements of the sales contract．８．The import inspection is always taken to confirm if the goods are in conformity with the terms stipulated in the sale contract．Should any problem occurs,the importer need to make claims against the relevant party immediately．９．Documentation should be completed by the exporter with absolute accuracy and clarity．１０．After receiving the shipping order from the carrier,the exporter may start to ensure the loading of the goods．The exporter should supervise the loading process,and get B／L from the carrier．1.Countertrade is a fundamental and simple term that includes all of the variations of the exchange of goods for goods．２．The common reason for counter trade are： to create new export markets or promote export products； to acquire new technology or attract foreign investment； to balance trade for economic or political reason．３．In counter purchase， the value of counter goods does not have to equal that of the export．４．Switch involves at least three parties， or even four or five parties．It is closely linked with the bilateral clearing agreements， a kind of basis for barter transactions between governments．５．Offset means that the exporter agrees to use goods and services from the buyer’s country in the product being sold．Offset may be direct or indirect， depending on whether the goods and services are integral parts of the product．Ⅱ１．Enquiry is an indispensable procedure in international business transactions taken by an overseas buyer to a seller,inquiring upon the terms of a sale．２．In order to avoid the problems resulting from direct importing such as great time consumption and difficulty to find the right overseas supplier,the importer could adopt the solution of importing indirectly,which means to use a third-party company to handle the importation process．３．Under DEQ,the buyer is required to clear the goods for import in Incoterms ２０００,which is a reversal from previous Incoterms versions．４．Goods like tobacco or alcohol products are subject to excise duty．５．For imports of goods that were previously exported but have not been processed overseas，the importers could be able to claim Returned Goods Relief．６．If the importer tends to place regular orders with an overseas supplier,he could be able to protect himself against foreign exchange risk for longer by agreeing a fixed price contract，or arranging medium-term foreign exchange protection．Ⅱ１．Bill of lading gives the holder of the document ownership of the goods mentioned on it．２．Certificate of origin is prepared for the Customs authorities who need to know from which country the goods have originated．３．When a sale of goods has been agreed,the seller draws up and signs a sales contract，which is then passed to the buyer for acceptance by signing across it．４．Documentary letter of credit is also a kind of bill of exchange,but there are various foreign documents “attached”．５．In the collection method of payment for goods,the exporter uses the banking system to send the importer a collection order to get paid．１．Wholesaling and retailing are part of the marketing system which provides channels of distribution that are used to bring goods to overseas markets．２．A direct channel moves goods from the manufacturer or producer to the consumer．３．Export and import agents work on behalf of other businesses and receive a commission as a percentage of the sales or purchases which they handle．４．Unlike agents,distributors buy goods from the principals on their own account and take title to them and resell them to their customers in their territory．５．Sole distributor is the only distributor in a territory．６．Under consignment,the agent sends the goods to a foreign consignee who will sell the goods for the exporter according to the agreed terms．１．Employer means the person named as such in the conditions of contract and of subcontract and the legal successors in title to， or assignees of， such person．２．Contractor means the person named as such in the conditions of contract and of subcontract and the legal successors in title to， or assignees of， such person， but not any assignee of such person．３．Engineer means the person appointed by the employer to act as Engineer for the purposes of the Main contract and named as such in the conditions of subcontract．４．Main Contract means the contract entered into between the Employer and the contractor．５．Letter of Acceptance means the formal acceptance by the Employer of the contractor’s offer．６．Bill of Quanntities means the priced and completed bill of quantities forming part of the contractor’s offer．７．Tender means the contractor’s priced offer to the employer for the works， as accepted by the Letter of Acceptance．1.What is international trade?International trade,is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and ／or services across national boundaries.It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2.Why is it an irreversible trend to have the international trade for all the countries around the world?In today’s complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons.As to the economic reasons,no nation has all of the economic resouces （land,labor and capital） that it needs to develop its economy and culture,and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs.As for the preference reasons,international trade takes place because of innovation of style.Besides,every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3.How is international trade measured?In measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade and balance of payments. 4.What is the definition of FDI?Please list your own ideas about the great significance of FDI for chinaFDI,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanentproperty and business in foreign nations.It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in aforeign company is made.The great significance of FDI for China might be that： FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure,national supporting industry,key projects,etc.1.Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
国际贸易专业英语第二版课后答案
国际贸易专业英语第二版课后答案1、Across the river（）. [单选题] *A. lies a new built bridgeB.lies a newly built bridge(正确答案)C. a new built bridge liesD.a newly built bridge lies2、Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, but his parents don’t allow him ______ so. （）[单选题] *A. doB. doneC. to do(正确答案)D. doing3、I_____you that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.for sure4、Jack can speak Japanese, and his brother can _______ speak Japanese. [单选题] *A. tooB. also(正确答案)C. eitherD. as well5、I have only two tickets for TF Boys’concert. ______ you ______ he can go with me.（）[单选题] *A. Either; or(正确答案)B. Either; norC. Both; andD. Not only; but also6、During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat _______ as a traditional Chinese food. [单选题] *A. pizzaB. dumplings(正确答案)C. hamburgersD. noodles7、I am so excited to receive a _______ from my husband on my birthday. [单选题] *A. present(正确答案)B. percentC. parentD. peace8、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much9、86．—? ? ? ? ? ? ?will it take me to get to the Golden Street?—About half an hour. [单选题]* A．How farB．How long(正确答案)C．How oftenD．How much10、94．—Let’s go out for a picnic on Sunday.—________. [单选题] *A．Nice to meet youB．Here you areC．The same to youD．Good idea(正确答案)11、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest12、I think you should buy this novel. It is really worth _____. [单选题] *A. reading(正确答案)B. being readC. readD. to read13、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的14、I _______ the job because I couldn’t stand(忍受) the rules. [单选题] *A. gave inB. gave outC. gave backD. gave up(正确答案)15、Once you get on the road, here are some traffic _______ to remember. [单选题] *A. problemsB. positionsC. rules(正确答案)D. points16、I walked too much yesterday and （）are still aching now. [单选题] *A. my leg's musclesB. my leg muscles(正确答案)C. my muscles' of legD. my legs' muscles17、We have _______ a double room with a bath for you in the hotel. [单选题] *A. boughtB. reserved(正确答案)C. madeD. taken18、Bliss, who worked in an information centre, began to work on the book in 1 [单选题] *A. 策划B. 上班C. 写作(正确答案)D. 销售19、—What ______ your sister ______ this Saturday?—Something special, because it’s her birthday. （）[单选题] *A. are; going to doB. is; going to do(正确答案)C. does; doD. did do20、My brother usually _______ his room after school. But now he _______ soccer. [单选题] *A. cleans; playsB. cleaning; playingC. cleans; is playing(正确答案)D. cleans; is playing the21、I _______ seeing you soon. [单选题] *A. look afterB. look forC. look atD. look forward to(正确答案)22、It’s windy outside. _______ your jacket, Bob. [单选题] *A. Try onB. Put on(正确答案)C. Take offD. Wear23、I’m still unable to make myself_____in the discussion, which worries me a lot. [单选题]*A.understandB.understood(正确答案)C.understandingD.to be understood24、How can I _______ the nearest supermarket? [单选题] *A. get offB. get upC. get to(正确答案)D. get on25、_____ yuan a month _____ not enough for a family of three to live on today. [单选题] *A. Five hundred; is(正确答案)B. Five hundreds; areC. Five hundred; areD.Five hundreds; is26、One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but at least can help cover my living（）. [单选题] *A. billsB. expenses(正确答案)C. pricesD. charges27、The bookshop is far away. You’d better _______. [单选题] *A. by the busB. by busC. take busD. take?the bus(正确答案)28、The teachers don't make us wear a school uniform and we can wear _____ we like. [单选题] *A. anyB. thatC. asD. what(正确答案)29、65．There is a big sale on in the shop! Every-thing is ________ price. [单选题] *A．bigB．fullC．zeroD．half(正确答案)30、It’s very hot. Please _______ your coat. [单选题] *A. look afterB. take off(正确答案)C. take onD. put on。
国际贸易实务英语课后练习答案
Unit oneI. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following:protectionism domestic marketinterference direct investmentrestriction be first voiced bydominate mercantilismconsume outflow of currencycurrency portfolio investmentII. Fill in the blanks with proper English terms:1) Merchandise exports2) Service exports and imports3) Merchandise imports4) International trade5) Direct investment (FDI)6) Portfolio investmentIII. Choose a suitable word for each of the blanks in the following paragraph:trade; liberalization; facilitate; competition; increasinglyV. (P10) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese:一个国家出现贸易盈余或贸易顺差，是指该国当前进口货物和服务的价值小于出口货物和服务的价值。
在重商主义时期，这一差值通过转移黄金弥补，但是在今天是通过持有贸易赤字国家的货币或以该国货币表示的投资来弥补。
实质上，盈余国家在给予赤字国家信贷。
如果此种信贷最终不能买回足够的货物和服务，所谓的贸易顺差结果实际上可能对盈余国家不利。
I.Give the Chinese equivalents for the following English terms:1) 绝对优势理论 2）比较优势理论 3）国际劳动分工 4）要素禀赋理论 5）土地密集型产品 6）劳动密集型产品 7）资本密集新产品 8）获得优势 9）天然优势 10）文化要素差异II. (p18-19) Translate the following sentences into Chinese according to the patterns:1.即使所有产品都具有绝对优势的国家，因其必须放弃产出效率低的产品转而生产产出效率高的产品，也会从贸易中获益。
(完整版)国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案(20210206064729)
III. Explain the followi ng terms1. shipme nt con tractShipme nt con tract is a con tract using an In coterm which in dicates that the delivery happe ns at the time or before the time of shipme nt.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submissi on of tran sport docume nt by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival con tractArrival con tract means a con tract using an In coterm which in dicates that the delivery happe ns whe n the goods arrive at the desti natio n.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questi ons1. Who pays for loadi ng for shipme nt un der FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for un loadi ng un der CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and con trast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is resp on sible for uni oadi ng the goods at the port of desti nati on, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway tran sportatio n.Differen ces: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocea n tran sportatio n; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportati on and in sura nce aga inst the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the tran sfer of risks?Shipme nt con tract terms vs. arrival con tract terms. Un der shipme nt con tract terms the seller's risk will be tran sferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipme nt. Un der arrival con tract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods un til the goods arrive at the desti nati on.5. What are the differe nces and similarities betwee n CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should con tract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not tak ing the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway tran sport,b. Un der CPT the seller's risk will be tran sferred to the buyer whe n the goods are han ded over to the first carriernominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should con tract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not tak ing the risk of loss of or damage to the goods duri ng the tran sportati on, c. The seller must obta in in sura nce aga inst the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed overto the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods areloaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing? Importing. FOB should beused with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly.However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The sellerrequired the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within theshipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1）首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案解析
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment.Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The selleris not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller.Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt?What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goodswere ready on 10 March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vesseldid not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案解析
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment.Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. Theseller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller.Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt?What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goodswere ready on 10 March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vesseldid not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should youdo?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged.When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should youdo?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged.When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易双语教程课后练习参考答案
Unit 1 A brief introduction to international tradeKeyI. Answer my questions1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental.2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies.3. To gain profit.4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement.5. There are four major forms which are the following:Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise.6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg.the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year.7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing.8. Yes. There are great differences between them.1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties.2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments.9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation).10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest.11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate.12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase.13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources.14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements.Royalties are also paid franchising.15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business.II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right1. J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F 10.HIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese1 购买力11经济复苏；恢复2潜在销售量12 经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定IV. Case Study.Batteries called “white elephant” exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, but in United States no one was interested in the goods. Why?[Answer]：Batteries called "white elephant" exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because "white elephant" was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand "white elephant" to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was "white elephant" which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome.V. Please try to find out some cases about cultural differences in doing international business.(Open)VI. Please determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALES. Then put T for TRUE or F for FALES in the bracket at the end of each statement.1. ( T )2. ( F )3. ( F )4. ( T )5. ( F )6. ( T )7. ( T )8. ( F )VI. Translate the following into English1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growth. However oversimpl ified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefits of specialization; the favorable effects of international competition on domestic economic efficiency; the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment.2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities.3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the sellergives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area.4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade.Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import TransactionI. Answer the following questions(Omited)II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text:1.meeting/satisfying;2.agent, foreign/overseas;mission;4.own;5.setting;6.patent;7.profits;8.outlets; 9.joint, venture; 10.subsidiaryIII. J udge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F)1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.F 10. TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract.2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force.3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter.4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer.5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代）is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry.V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars:KeysMessrs. Arthur Grey & Son,19 Cheapside,London, E.C.2Dear Sirs,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district.We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration.We are looking forward to your early reply.Yours faithfully,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars:KeyDear Sirs,Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our "D.D." range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:"D.D." Raincoats100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450100 men's small 14.0 1,400100 women's medium 13.2 1,320100 women's small 12.7 1,270US$ 5,440Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sightShipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C.This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference.We are awaiting your early orders.Yours sincerely, VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars:Keys:Dear Sirs,We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests.In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.Yours sincerely,VIII. Case Study[Answer]:A 公司与B公司的第一封信函可视为发盘，在该发盘中A公司对包装做出了要求。
国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案
练习参考答案Chapter 1流动性过剩excess liquidity自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economic resources直接投资direct investment国际收支balance of payments易货交易barter出口退税export tax rebate倾销dumping出口型经济增长export-driven economic growth东道国host country贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差／贸易逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of trade欧盟European Union国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of payments有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade货物贸易trade in goods服务贸易trade in servicesⅢDuring the period from 1997 to 2003,imports from China have grown 244％ while exports to China have grown 221％，indicating that the trade deficit is increasing.There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996,totalling ＄39.5 billion at the end of the year.Ⅳ1.Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2.Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods．3.Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4.International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5.FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6.Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.Ⅴ1.International trade,is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and ／or services across national boundaries.It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2.In today’s complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations areself-sufficient.Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons.As to the economic reasons,no nation has all of the economic resouces （land,labor and capital） thatit needs to develop its economy and culture,and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs.As for the preferencereasons,international trade takes place because of innovation ofstyle.Besides,every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3.In measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade and balance of payments.4.FDI,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations.It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in aforeign company is made.The great significance of FDI for China might be that：FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for itsinfrastructure,national supporting industry,key projects,etc.Chapter 2关税壁垒tariff barriers非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers从量税specific duties配额quota保护性关税protective tariff市场失灵market failure幼稚产业infant industry许可证制度licensing system财政关税revenue tariff政府采购government procurement贸易保护主义trade protectionism从价税Ad valorem Duties最低限价floor price本地采购规则“buy local” rules增加内需raise domestic demandDomestic content 国内含量Red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒Export susidies 出口补贴Binding quota 绑定配额Absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制Tariff-rate quotas 关税配额Zero quota 零配额“Buy local” rules 本地采购原则Ⅱ1.Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
(完整版)国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should youdo?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged.When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易英语课后练习答案
第二课III.1.clear-cut2.is characterized by3.gain from4.as well as5.constitute6.self-sufficient7.available8.arguments against9.shiftedply withV.1.One of the goals of the import policy is directed at the acquisition of capital goods that embody the modern technology needed to develop China’s economy.2.Many economists argue that free trade will enhance the economic growth and raise the living standard.3.International trade continues to be dominated byadvanced industrialized countries,the trade volume of which accounts for over half of the world’s total.4.Since implementation of the reform and opening up policy,especially after its accession to the WTO,China has achieved remarkable growth in foreign trade.5.Economists have been engaged in the research on the theoretical and practical issues arising from the expansion of international business.第三课Home work 1III.1.n othing more than2.r elating to3.w ork on4.i nvolves5.p revent…from6.b e dealt with7.o therwise8.a re(extremely)conscious of9.p ut into practice10.equivalent toV.1.After the Second World War,there emerged various forms of cross-border business activities such as trade in goods and services,foreign direct investment and technology transfer,etc.2.In the absence of exchange reserves or credit,or the possibility of negotiating other types of agreement,the only alternative is barter.3.Before entering into a licensing agreement,the licensor should have a thorough knowledge of the laws and regulation concerning the intellectual property rights in the licensee’s country.4.Increasingly,firms are obtaining more profits by introducing products from the foreign markets to their domestic markets as they move toward greater globalization of their operations.5.There is no question that high returns on overseas investments are the major motive formultinational companies to engage in foreign direct investment.第四课III.1.a s opposed to2.b reaking up into3.c onsist of4.c reep in5.s ell off6.c ome to7.b ack up8.o n hand9.c ome out10.draw downV.1.Chrysler should go into bankruptcy rather than turn to the government for help.2.This project plays the key role for this plant’s survival and development.3.The deal is seen as a U.S.vote of confidence in Russia’s economy.4.The surgeon on casualty duty was so busy that he just bolted down a sandwich.5.More specifically,they asked whether or not the United States really exported capital-intensive goods in exchange for labor-intensive goods.第五课III.1.i mposed on2.d ue to3.s ubject to4.i nterference with5.e xcept6.m eans7.l ed to8.p revent9.s o that10.intended toV.1.For many years there has been an agreement among nations against imposing quotas unilaterallyon goods.2.A protective tariff is intended to artificially inflate prices of imports and“protect”domestic industries from foreign competition.ernment procurement policies also are trade barriers because they usually favor domestic manufacturers and severely restrict purchases of imported goods by government agencies.4.Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers.Customs and other administrative formalities involve a variety of government policies and procedures that either discriminate against imports or favor exports.第六课III.1.a dhere to2.a t the heart of3.m ade strides in4.i n breach of5.a t stake6.a ccess to7.l eft out8.c ome to9.l ead to10.in terms ofV.1.Environmentalists argue that if issues such as global warming and protection of the rain forests are not brought into the equation,commercial goals will win out and the environment will suffer.2.Unconditional MFN status came in 2000,paving the way for WTO membership.3.A country found to be in breach of trade rules bya panel may appeal to the Appellate Body.4.All countries enjoy a recognized right to safeguard national interests,but this principe,as well as the interpretation of WTO rules themselves,is subject to considerable latitude in interpretation.5.To the dismay of the US,the panel decided thatJapan had not violated WTO rules,as there had been no connection between government action and Japan’s market structure.第七课III.1.k icking around2.b roke out3.h it a brick wall4.t ake on5.a ccounts for6.f ar from7.A mong other things8.s ticking point9.k een on10.wipe outV.1.Low-income countries were generally loath to take on the new issues and the meeting only agreed to establish working groups on the issues.2.At Cancun they formed an alliance which tookthe fight to the EU/US axis for the first time.3.Much to the chagrin of high-income countries,India,China,Cuba,Pakistan and Zimbabwe tried to relate the issue to the obligations,rather than the rights,of foreign investors.4.Environment clauses are somewhat like labour clauses in as much as they would generally allow a country to restrict imports from another country which has dubious environmental standards.5.At Cancun the European Union offered to withdraw the investment and competition clauses in the face of unrelenting opposition from the new G22 alliance of low-income countries.第八课III1.m ake delivery2.a s a result3.p ick(them) up4.c arry out5.t akes piace6.t akes delivery7.c alls for8.t ake over9.a pply to,refer toV.1. The buyer will assume all costs and risks and make arrangement associated with the transport of the goods,and must make payment according to the contract terms.2.If other modes of transport are involved,these terms do not apply,even if one of the legs of the journey is by ship.3.In a CFR contract,the seller has the usual FOB obligations,and after the vessel is loaded the seller is absolved from liability for damage to the cargo.4.Normally the buyer will make arrangement for further transportation,though the contract might specify that the seller will make such arrangements.5.The seller’s responsibility for costs and risk of loss will end when the rail car or truck trailer isloaded,or in the case of sea or air transport,when the goods are delivered to the carrier for loading.第九课III.1.l ends an image of2.a re better off3.a re not limited to4.r ather than5.o n a unit basis6.h ave great latitude to7.h ave incorporated into8.f ell out of favor9.f rom the standpoint that10.in conformance withV.1.It would be impractical to attempt to acknowledge individually those many who have given us aid and advice.2.National currencies always have advantage over private currencies.3.The factory was shut down for lack of funds.4.It’s management that is at fault rather than the workforce.5.Such behavior may result in the executive being asked to leave.第十课III.1.g uilty of2.c omply with3.h as no intention of4.t urned down into5.I n the event of6.t ake place7.i n question8.a ssociated with9.b roken down into10.in principleV.1.The company may prefer to submit quotes in the form of a pro-forma invoice for ease of administration as the pro-forma details can be simply transferred to a commercial invoice whenthe order is placed.2.Once the quotation has been submitted to the buyer,the exporter is committed to fulfilling all the terms contained within the document should an order be placed on the strength of it.3.The buyer,understandably,pointed out that the contract had been agreed and that the exporter was bound to its terms.4.Difficulties may arise when the purchasing company also includes its own standard terms and condition and tries to gain the upper hand.5.The exporter is advised to prepare some standard terms and condition of sale that can be incorporated into the documentation in addition to the specific terms of the contract.第十一课III.1.U nder the circumstances2.O wing to3.i n view of4.h onour5.i n accordance with6.s ubsequent7.f acilitate8.a re in the receipt of9.A ccumulating10.outstandingV.1.The letter of credit is the bank instrument that assures the seller of payment if he makes the agreed upon shipment.2.Payment shall be available by draft drawn under L/C payable not longer than 90 days after presentation of documents to the negotiating bank of the L/C,together with an interest of 8.5% per annum for buyer’s account.3.Payment by a prime banker’s irrevocable,transferable L/C,confirmed by a first-class bank in the key currency country,covering full value of the contracted goods,in favor of seller,available by draft at sight for 100% invoice value,accompanied with the following documents.4.We have today instructed our bank to open in your favour a confirmed,irrevocable letter of credit with partial shipment and transshipment allowed,available by draft at sight,against surrendering the full set of shipping documents to the negotiating bank.5.This method is for the seller to draw on the buyer for the purchase price on D/P basis.6.The importer,when he wants to open an L/C to cover the purchase from abroad,may apply to his banker for a letter of credit for any amount.7.Your order No.123 was confirmed by our fax of March 15,subject to arrival of credit within 15 days from the date.第十二课III.1.a vailable by2.i n compliance with3.c omply with4.c onvert into5.p rior6.b y means of7.r equisite8.o n condition that9.i n one’s favour10.draw one’s attention toV.1.The Brown Bank in London is in a position to open letters of credit in Renminbi against our sales confirmation or contract.2.You must be aware that an irrevocable L/C gives the exporter the additional protection of banker’s guarantee.3.A documentary credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the seller whereby the bank promises to pay a beneficiary against presentation of documents relating to the dispatch of goods.4.The documentary requirements are designated by the buyer in his bank application for the letter of credit.5.We have drawn on you at 60 days’ sight a draft for $90,000,under the credit No.450 of June 6,in favor of the Tokyo Bank.6.The expiry date of the credit being May 31,we request that you will arrange with your banker to extend it up to June 10,amending the said credit.7.After the bank pays the sight draft presented by the seller,it advises the buyer that the documents have been successfully negotiated and the buyer should pay the bank in accordance with his bank application.第十三课III.1.b e addressed2.c hanges hands3.i n the company’s best interests4.d ispense with5.a ppeal to6.b e negated by7.i n question8.a re exempt from9.a re instrumental10.regardless ofV.1.Although freight forwarders charge for their services,they do at least have well-established international distribution networks that can be utilized cost-effectively,efficiently and with minimum involvement from the importer or exporter.2.There are a number of ways in which businesses see their profitability eroded by lost or damaged goods.panies make use of insurance brokers to insure the shipment during transport and make use of Customs broker to clear the goods though Customs on arrival.4.The deposit was refunded on leaving the country providing that the nature and value of the consignment remained unchanged.5.It is within the forwarder’s remit to ensure that goods are properly packaged and marked for transport and that appropriate documentation is prepared to facilitate shipment.。
国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案
练习参考答案Chapter 1流动性过剩excess liquidity自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economic resources直接投资direct investment国际收支balance of payments易货交易barter出口退税export tax rebate倾销dumping出口型经济增长export-driven economic growth东道国host country贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差／贸易逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of trade欧盟European Union国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of payments有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade货物贸易trade in goods服务贸易trade in servicesⅢThe chart above shows the U.S.imports from China,U.S.exports to China and thetrade balance.The U.S.has a negative trade balance with China,and it has been growing.During the period from 1997 to 2003,imports from China have grown 244％ while exports to China have grown 221％，indicating that the trade deficit is increasing.There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996,totalling ＄39.5 billion at the end of the year.Ⅳ1.Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2.Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods．3.Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4.International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5.FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6.Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.Ⅴ1.International trade,is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and ／or services across national boundaries.It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2.In today’s complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons.As to the economic reasons,no nation has all of the economic resouces （land,labor and capital） that it needs to develop its economy and culture,and no countryenjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs.As for the preference reasons,international trade takes place because of innovation of style.Besides,every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3.In measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade and balance of payments.4.FDI,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanentproperty and business in foreign nations.It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in aforeign company is made.The great significance of FDI for China might be that： FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure,national supporting industry,key projects,etc.Chapter 2关税壁垒tariff barriers非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers从量税specific duties配额quota保护性关税protective tariff市场失灵market failure幼稚产业infant industry许可证制度licensing system财政关税revenue tariff政府采购government procurement 贸易保护主义trade protectionism 从价税Ad valorem Duties最低限价floor price本地采购规则“buy local” rules 增加内需raise domestic demand Domestic content 国内含量Red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒Export susidies 出口补贴Binding quota 绑定配额Absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制Tariff-rate quotas 关税配额Zero quota 零配额“Buy local” rules 本地采购原则Ⅱ1.Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案
练习参考答案Chapter 1流动性过剩excess liquidity自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economic resources直接投资direct investment国际收支balance of payments易货交易barter出口退税export tax rebate倾销dumping出口型经济增长export-driven economic growth东道国host country贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差／贸易逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of trade欧盟European Union国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of payments有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade货物贸易trade in goods服务贸易trade in servicesⅢDuring the period from 1997 to 2003,imports from China have grown 244％while exports to China have grown 221％，indicating that the trade deficit is increasing.There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996,totalling ＄39.5 billion at the end of the year.Ⅳ1.Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2.Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods．3.Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4.International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5.FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6.Investment is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.Ⅴ1.International trade,is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and ／or services across national boundaries.It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2.In today’s complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons.As to the economic reasons,no nation has all of the economic resouces （land,labor and capital）that it needs to develop its economy and culture,and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs.As for the preferencereasons,international trade takes place because of innovation of style.Besides,every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3.In measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade and balance of payments.4.FDI,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanentproperty and business in foreign nations.It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in aforeign company is made.The great significance of FDI for China might be that：FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure,national supporting industry,key projects,etc.Chapter 2关税壁垒tariff barriers非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers从量税specific duties配额quota保护性关税protective tariff市场失灵market failure幼稚产业infant industry许可证制度licensing system财政关税revenue tariff政府采购government procurement贸易保护主义trade protectionism从价税Ad valorem Duties最低限价floor price本地采购规则“buy local”rules增加内需raise domestic demandDomestic content 国内含量Red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒Export susidies 出口补贴Binding quota 绑定配额Absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制Tariff-rate quotas 关税配额Zero quota 零配额“Buy local”rules 本地采购原则Ⅱ1.Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案
III. Explain the following terms1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment.2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination.4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods.IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ?The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF?The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination.5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should youdo?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms?FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2010, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities.10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a "named port of shipment", if Hamburg is the port of shipment, from the Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing.V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated "The shipment will be effected in March 2011." When the goods were ready on 10March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed "Please send the goods to the port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March." The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged.When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。
国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案
练习参考答案Chapter 1流动性过剩excess liquidity自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economic resources直接投资direct investment国际收支balance of payments易货交易barter出口退税export tax rebate倾销dumping出口型经济增长export-driven economic growth东道国host country贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差／贸易逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of trade欧盟European Union国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of payments有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade货物贸易trade in goods服务贸易trade in servicesⅢDuring the period from 1997 to 2003,imports from China have grown 244％ while exports to China have grown 221％，indicating that the trade deficit is had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996,totalling ＄ billion at the end of the year.Ⅳgoods are tangible goods sent out of countries.in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods．goods are tangible goods brought in.trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries. is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company. is used primarily as financial means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety.Ⅴtrade,is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and ／or services across national concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.today’s complex economic world,neither individuals nor nations areself-sufficient.Nations participate in the international trade for many to the economic reasons,no nation has all of the economic resouces （land,labor and capital）that it needs to develop its economy and culture,and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its for the preferencereasons,international trade takes place because of innovation of ,every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively. measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade and balance of payments.,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanent property and business in foreign occurs when acquisition of equity interest in aforeign company is great significance of FDI for China might be that： FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money on importing advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure,national supporting industry,key projects,etc.Chapter 2关税壁垒tariff barriers非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers从量税specific duties配额quota保护性关税protective tariff市场失灵market failure幼稚产业infant industry许可证制度licensing system财政关税revenue tariff政府采购government procurement贸易保护主义trade protectionism从价税Ad valorem Duties最低限价floor price本地采购规则“buy local” rules增加内需raise domestic demandDomestic content 国内含量Red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒Export susidies 出口补贴Binding quota 绑定配额Absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制Tariff-rate quotas 关税配额Zero quota 零配额“Buy local” rules 本地采购原则Ⅱmeans the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
国际贸易英文版答案Unit2
国际贸易英文版答案Unit2第一篇：国际贸易英文版答案Unit 2Unit 2ExercisesI.Answer the following questions1.Why should we specify name of commodities in sales contract? What details should be mind when we stipulate the clauses of name?2.What should we watch when we follow “sale by sample”? Can we follow both “sale by sample” and sale by description” in one contract?3.Why is “more or less” clause in that important? What should we watch when we stipulate “more or less” clause?4.How packing is roughly classified? What are the functions of packing?5.What marks are usually used in transportation of goods? What should we watch when those marks are made and printed?II.Decide the following statement whether it is true or not.If not, correct the wrong statement.1.If a set of mechanical and electrical equipment is going be imported, “sale by specification” is a better method to be used to specify the quality.(√)2.When clause of quality is stipulated in the contra ct, it’d better not use both “sale by sample” and “sale by specification”.(×)sometimes both can be used.3.All products can be traded by merely their marks and/or brands if their quality is stable, reputation is sound and with which the consumers or custome rs are familiar.(√)4.In international trade, calculating by weight is the most commonly used method to decide quantity of trade goods.(√)5.Clause of quantity mainly deals with the quantity of the trade goods.(×)as well as the system of weight and ways to measure the goods.6.In international selling and buying, only the International System is allowed to indicate quality of the trade goods.(×)Not only.Other systems can be used.7.Besides raw silk, wool and cotton, conditioned weight is commonly used to indi cate quality of many other products.(×)Net weightually we don’t accept neutral packing and OEM in our export trade.(×)Sometimes we do accept the practice.9.Gross weight is the most widely used methods to calculate weight.According to international rules and practices, weight is calculated by gross weight unless otherwise stated in the contract.(×)Net weight10.The system we follow to create our own product code is Asian Article Number Association.(×)European Article Number III.Case studyCase 1Chinese company signed a contract with an Australian buyer.T otal amount of the sale is 200,000 Australian dollars.According to the contract, each piece of the trade goods should bepacked in a plastic bag with both English and French instructions.When the goods reach Australia, the buyer found that goods are not packed in plastic bag.And there is only English instruction.Can the buyer lodge a claim and ask for compensation? Why?Case 2A contract was signed between Chinese company YS and an American buyer NT for writing paper.In the contract under “Name of Commodity” “Hand-made Writing Paper wasspecified as name of the trade product, and the name was used in all documents and invoices.When NT received the paper, after re-inspecting, NT found that part of the production process was in fact finished by machine.NT claimed for compensation.YS refused, claiming that main processing stages of the paper were finished as the stipulation by hand.Besides, when the contract was signed, the agent of NT has examined the sample on the spot.(But “sale by sample” was not stipulated in the contract).Since the actual quality of the sent paper is in accordance with the sample, YS believes the contract was fulfilled as required by the contract.Who, do you believe, should be responsible? And how should the dispute be handled?Keys:I.Answer the following questions1.a.1.In practical sense, name or description of commodity is the substantial foundation and premise 1ofa single transaction.Therefore, while the seller and the buyer negotiate, conclude the transaction and sign the contract, name of commodity or further essential description must be clearly laid down.b.In legal sense, description of the commodity is the key component of the contract by course of law.It constructs the basis of the transaction and touches on the rights and obligations of both the seller and the buyer.If the goods delivered by the seller are not in accordance with the agreed name of commodity and/or other description, the buyer reserves the right to lodge a claim, reject the goods or even cancel the contract.2.When we trade following “sale by sample”, two basic principles must be followed.Firstly, the sample provided is the mere basis while commodities are delivered and accepted;secondly, the quality of the commodities must be in conformity with the sampleprovided.Both “sale by sample” and sale by description” can be used in one contract.3.Owing to the influence of natural conditions, packing requirements, transportation conditions or limitations of measurement tools, the actual quantity may be somehow more or less than the contracted quantity when delivery is taken.So flexibility2 is specified in the contract.The specification of the flexibility is in fact the “more or less” clause.If there is a “more or less” claus e in the contract, it is necessary to state clearly who has the option to decide the quantity latitude, the buyer or the seller and the specific latitude.4.Many different types of packing are adopted in international trade.According to the role第二篇：国际贸易英文自我介绍国际贸易英文自我介绍as an international trade specialized student, i know the importance of english in english learning, so i have been high-standard requirements themselves.through their own efforts, to xx passed cet band 4 and again to xx points passed cet6.in spoken english i have been in the exercise myself, and reached a certain level.in addition, i also laid a japanese primary basic.not only in english, as the rest of course also study hard.in six semester four times won the scholarship, and once passed the national computer rank examination(level 2).moreover i took an active part in social practice activities, and to exercise their professional skills,increase their professional knowledge, and has achieved good results.through a series of stratified activities, i also gradually grasp the people contacts and communication skills, learning how to make ourselves in a harmonious interpersonal relationships.throughstudies i deeply realize the theory instruction practicemeaning, and really in the code yourself.in learning and activities of remaining i also actively enrich himself, reading, rich knowledge, and grasped certain of the computer application skills enough to handle the job requirement.believe after three years study the lives of hone, already will i hammer become a moral decently, strong-willed, high ideals and soaring aspirations, has the enterprising spirit and team cooperation spirit of excellent college students.believe i have knowledge and competence can completely fit for any difficult work, environment of hard did not prevent completed i finish work.if i am lucky to become a member of your company, i will put all the youth and enthusiasm exert into work, obtain due grades for the development of the company, and contribute their efforts.第三篇：国际贸易英文术语商检费 commodity inspection fee海运费 ocean freight集卡运费、短驳费 Drayage订舱费 booking charge转运费 transportation charge污箱费 container dirtyness change坏箱费用 container damage charge清洁箱费 container clearance charge分拨费 dispatch charge报关费 customs clearance fee操作劳务费 labour fee or handling charge商检换单费 exchange fee for CIP换单费 D/O fee拆箱费 De-vanning charge港杂费 port sur-charge电放费 B/L surrender fee冲关费emergent declearation change 海关查验费customs inspection fee 提箱费 container stuffing charge 滞期费 demurrage charge 滞箱费 container detention charge 卡车运费 cartage fee 车上交货 FOT(free on track)电汇手续费 T/T fee转境费/过境费 I/E bonded charge待时费 waiting charge仓储费 storage fee改单费 amendment charge拼箱服务费 LCL service charge动、植检疫费 animal & plant quarantine fee移动式其重机费 mobile crane charge进出库费 warehouse in/out chargePRICE 价格FOB Liner Terms FOB 班轮条款FOB under tackle FOB吊钩下交货FOB stowed(FOBS)船上交货并理舱FOB trimmed(FOBT)船上交货并平舱FOB stowed and trimmed(FOBST)船上交货并理舱和平舱CFR Liner Terms 贸易术语款CFR Landed CFR 卸到岸上CFR EX Tackle CFR吊钩下交货CFR EX Ship’s Hold CFR舱底交货Documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单Documents against payment(D/P)付款交单Documents against payment after sight(date)远期付款交单PAYMENT 支付Draft 汇票Draft(bill of exchange)汇票Trade bill 商业汇票Banker’s draft 银行汇票Clean bill(of exchange)光票Documentary bill(of exchange)跟单汇票Draft with(without)recourse 有(无)追索权的汇票Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft(usance draft)远期汇票To order 空白抬头Blank endorsement 空白背书Discount 贴现Remittance 汇付方式M/T(Mail transfer)信汇T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇D/D(demand draft，remittance by ban k’s demand draft)票汇Check(cheque)支票Promissory note 本票International postal money order 国际邮政汇票Payment 支付方式Cash payment(cash against documents)现付Cash on delivery(C.O.D.)交货付现Cash with order(C.W.O.)随订单付现Deferred(delayed)payment 延付Dishonour 拒付，退票Payment by installments 分期支付Open account trade(O.A.T.)记账交易Collection 托收Clean collection(collection on clean bill)光票托收Documentary collection(collection on documents)跟单托收Documents against payment(D/P)付款交单D/P at sight 即期付款交单D/P after sight 远期付款交单D/A(Documents against acceptance)承兑交单L/G(letter of guarantee)银行保证书Payment by banker’s letter of guarantee(payment by banker’s L/G)凭银行保证书支付L/C(letter of credit)Payment by letter of credit(payment by L/C)凭信用证支付信用证L/C(letter of credit)信用证信用证Irrevocable credit 不可撤销信用证Revocable credit 可撤销信用证Confirmed credit 保兑信用证Unconfirmed credit 未加保兑信用证Documentary credit 跟单信用证Clean credit 光票信用证Acceptance credit 承兑信用证Sight credit 即期信用证Usance(time)credit 远期信用证Transferable credit 可转让信用证Non-transferable credit 不可转让信用证Divisible credit 可分刈信用证Anticipatory credit 预支信用证Red clause credit 红条款，预支信用证Back to back credit 背对背信用证Revolving credit 循环信用证Unrevolving credit 非循环信用证Reciprocal credit 对开信用证Stand-by credit(commercial paper credit，guarantee credit，performance credit)备用信用证CONTRACT 合同Sales contract(confirmation)销货合同(确认书)Purchasecontract(confirmation)购货合同(确认书)Confirmation of order 订单确认书Distributorship contract(agreement)经销合同(协议)Sole distributorship contract(agreement)独家经销合同(协议) Exclusive(sole)sales contract(agreement)包销合同(协议)Consignment contract(agreement)寄售合同(协议)Agency contract(agreement)代理合同(协议)Time to volume 及时大量生产Time to money 及时大量交货FOUR CONTROL YSTEM 四大管制系统Engineering control system 工程管制系统Quality control system质量管理系统Manufacturing control system生产管制系统Management control system经营管制系统Classification整理(sorting, organization)-seiriRegulation整顿(arrangement, tidiness)-seitonCleanliness清扫(sweeping, purity)-seisoConservation清洁(cleaning, cleanliness)-seiktsuCulture教养(discipline)-shitsukeSave 节约Safety安全质量人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员质量保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供货商质量评估FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度/服务P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 批号AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径N Number 样品数其它质量术语类QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 质量改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM T otal Quality Management 全面质量管理RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可7QCT ools 7 Quality Control T ools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供货商) ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户) PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类ES Engineering Standard 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格部门类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PCC Product control center 生产管制中心PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 质量工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 质量保证(处)QC Quality Control 质量管理(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部第四篇：国际贸易英文求职信国际贸易英文求职信范文Dear leaders:Hello!First of all, your hard work to extend our deep respect!At the same time, also thank you for your busy schedule in my recommended reading materials.I was in Xi'an Translation College of Foreign Languages Institute for English Majors, a 04 session students will be faced with graduation.Experienced a three-year teacher education and colleges of high life, in the face of new opportunities and challenges, I am more determined the “self-confidence, self-reliance, diligence, modesty,” the doctrine of life.Xi'an Translation College of Education of China's well-known talent training base, renowned for their rigorous scholarship, well known for educating people.In such a learning environment, I appreciate the vital to the fun of learning English.Whether in the intellectual capacity or the quality of self-cultivation, I have benefited from.Three years, the Friends of the division in good faith and personal efforts to help, I have a solid foundation of professional knowledge, a systematic grasp of the English literature, linguistics and education, such as the theory ofexit examinations in all subjects, the results outstanding.At the same time, I also have excellent English listening, speaking, reading, writing, translation, such as capacity and be good at innovation in the study.At the same time, after school hours, I covered a lot of extensive books, skillfully mastered the basic knowledge of computer and operating system used, not only enrich their own, but also cultivate their abilities in various In addition, I also actively participate in various social activities, and grasp every opportunity to exercise their own.University for three years, I deeply feel and talents to work, so I benefit from the competition;practical difficulties to the challenge, let me grow up in frustration;Xi'an Translation College, I developed a practical and realistic style of hard work and innovation.I love to engage in the cause of your organization, eager to look forward to your leadership, for the glorious cause of building blocks.If your organization can provide a copy of my employment, I will be very grateful, and take concrete actions to prove that they live up to your choice.A time when the pen collection, solemnly raised a small request: Regardless of whether you choose me, and respect the leadership, I hope you will accept my sincere thanks!Your organization wishes to the cause of success!People put themselves forward: xxx第五篇：国际贸易英文缩写国际贸易、海运单证的缩写主要贸易术语：(1)FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人(2)FAS(Free Alongside Ship)装运港船边交货(3)FOB(Free on Board)装运港船上交货(4)CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加运费(5)CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight)成本、保险费加运费(6)CPT(Carriage Paid To)运费付至目的地(7)CIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid T o)运费、保险费付至目的地(8)DAF(Delivered At Frontier)边境交货(9)DES(Delivered Ex Ship)目的港船上交货(10)DEQ(Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货(11)DDU(Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货(12)DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货主要船务术语简写：(1)ORC(Origen Recevie Charges)本地收货费用（广东省收取）(2)THC(Terminal Handling Charges)码头操作费（香港收取）(3)BAF(Bunker Adjustment Factor)燃油附加费(4)CAF(Currency Adjustment Factor)货币贬值附加费(5)YAS(Yard Surcharges)码头附加费(6)EPS(Equipment Position Surcharges)设备位置附加费(7)DDC(Destination Delivery Charges)目的港交货费(8)PSS(Peak Season Sucharges)旺季附加费(9)PCS(Port Congestion Surcharge)港口拥挤附加费(10)DOC(DOcument charges)文件费(11)O/F(Ocean Freight)海运费(12)B/L(Bill of Lading)海运提单(13)MB/L(Master Bill of Lading)船东单（或OCEAN BILL OF LADING）(14)MTD(Multimodal Transport Document)多式联运单据(15)L/C(Letter of Credit)信用证(16)C/O(Certificate of Origin)产地证(17)S/C(Sales Confirmation)销售确认书（Sales Contract)销售合同(18)S/O(Shipping Order)装货指示书(19)W/T(Weight Ton)重量吨（即货物收费以重量计费）(20)M/T(Measurement T on)尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费）(21)W/M(Weight or Measurement ton)即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费(22)CY(Container Yard)集装箱（货柜）堆场(23)FCL(Full Container Load)整箱货(24)LCL(Less than Container Load)拼箱货（散货）(25)CFS(Container Freight Station)集装箱货运站(26)TEU(Twenty-feet Equivalent Units)20英尺换算单位（用来计算货柜量的多少）(27)A/W(All Water)全水路（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）(28)MLB(Mini Land Bridge)小陆桥（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）(29)NVOCC(Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier)无船承运人TEUTWENTY FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS 20'柜FEUFORTY FOOT EQUIVALENT UNITS 40'柜SHUT OUT退关CUT OFF CLOSING DATE/CUT OFF DATE 结关日O/F(Ocean Freight)海运费BAF(Bunker Adjustment Factor)燃油附加费CAF(Currency Adjustment Factor)货币贬值附加费BOOKING FEE订舱费DOC(DOcument charges)文件费THCTERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE 码头作业费V.V.D: Vessel voyage directionETD : Eistimated time of departureETA: Eistimated time of arrivalT/TIME : TRANSE TIMET/S : transshipment port主要贸易术语：(1)FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人(2)FAS(Free Alongside Ship)装运港船边交货(3)FOB(Free on Board)装运港船上交货(4)CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加运费(5)CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight)成本、保险费加运费(6)CPT(Carriage Paid To)运费付至目的地(7)CIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid T o)运费、保险费付至目的地(8)DAF(Delivered At Frontier)边境交货(9)DES(Delivered Ex Ship)目的港船上交货(10)DEQ(Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货(11)DDU(Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货(12)DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货L/C(Letter of Credit)信用证S/C(Sales Confirmation)销售确认书（Sales Contract)销售合同A/W(All Water)全水路（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）MLB(Mini Land Bridge)迷你大陆桥（主要指由美国西岸中转至东岸或内陆点的货物的运输方式）货运代理人a freight forwarder货运代理业务freight forwarding承运人 carrier货物① goods ② freight ③ cargo运输① transportation ② transit ③ conveyance运输业① transportation business ② forwarding business ③ carrying trade陆上运输 transportation by land海上运输 transportation by sea货物运输① goods traffic ② freight traffic ③ carriage of freights ④ carriage of goods滞期费 demurrage滞期日数 demurrage days速遣费 despatch money/dispatch空舱费 dead freight装载 loading卸货①unloading ②discharging ③landing舱单 manifest集装箱箱型container type也有人用container size活用一下：我要改箱型，从1X20GP改到1X40GPI want to change the container type from 1X20GP to 1X40GP改箱型也可以这么表示Pls help me to revise the container size from 1x20GP to 1x40GP做货代的免不了要值班值班 on duty值班表 on duty list值班人员 on duty personattachment附件attached附上CC抄送FYI for your information,for you reference 供参考BLOCK CODE 中转港代码IMP(import)进口EXP（export）出口MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度update这个词蛮常用的报关 customs brokerC/D(customs declaration)报关单报关行 customs broker报关员customs declarer海关退税 customs drawback海关查验 customs examination仓库 warehousefumigation 熏蒸MSDS maritime shipping document of safety危险货物安全资料卡D/R docks of receipt场站收据B/N booking note托书（有时看到的是SI shipping instruction)EIR(E/R）equipment interchange receipt设备交接单LOI letter of indemnity 保函，也称损害赔偿保证书quantity-数量packing-包装cubic meter 立方米包装种类：carton 纸箱（最常见的喽）package 包bag, sack 袋case, chest 箱packet 小包drum 圆桶case, chest 箱box盒wooden case 木箱rate 板条箱bale 包bundle 捆PALLET : 托盘commission-佣金vessel schedule 船期表Booking 订舱Booking Note 订舱单Booking Number 订舱号Container Number 箱号Container Seal 集装箱箱封Lorry with IC Card 有白卡的集卡Cable/Telex Release 电放Missed Voyage Container 漏装箱Cancellation 退关箱tri-axle chassis 三轮车价Ｏ．Ｗ．Ｃ＝＝ＯＶＥＲＷＥＩＧＨＴＣＨＡＲＧＥ如果是海运费用项目的话．有时也表示为Ｏ．Ｗ．Ｓ．ＯＶＥＲＷＥＩＧＨＴＳＵＲＣＨＡＲＧＥ超重附加费void sailing 也就是没有船的意思取消订舱Booking cancelledweight limitations 限重。
国际贸易实务英文版课后练习答案
练习参考答案Chapter 1流动性过剩excess liquidity自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economic resources直接投资direct investment国际收支balance of payments易货交易barter出口退税export tax rebate倾销dumping出口型经济增长export-driven economic growth东道国host country贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差／贸易逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of trade欧盟European Union国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差favorable ／unfavorable balance of payments 有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade货物贸易trade in goods效劳贸易trade in servicesⅢThe chart above shows the U.S.imports from China,U.S.exports to China and thetrade balance.The U.S.has a negative trade balance with China,and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003,imports from China have grown 244％while exports toChina have grown 221％，indicating that the trade deficit is increasing.There had alreadybeen a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996,totalling ＄39.5 billion at the end of theyear.Ⅳ1.Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2.Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting andimporting of tangible goods．3.Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4.International trade is all business transactions that involve two or more countries.5.FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign pany.6.Investment is used primarily as financial means for a pany to earn more money on itsmoney with relative safety.Ⅴ1.International trade,is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and ／or services acrossnational boundaries.It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includesthe purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2.In today’s plex economic world,neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations participate in the international trade for many reasons.As to the economicreasons,no nation has all of the economic resouces 〔land,labor and capital〕that it needsto develop its economy and culture,and no country enjoys a particular itemsufficientenough to meet its needs.As for the preference reasons,international trade takes placebecause of innovation of style.Besides,every nation can specialize in a certain field andenjoy a parative advantage in some particular area in terms of trade so that they needto do business with each other to make use of resources more efficiently and effectively.3.In measuring the effectiveness of global trade,nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely,balance of trade and balance of payments.4.FDI,the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment,means buying of permanent property and business in foreign nations.It occurs when acquisition of equity interest in a foreign pany is made.The great significance of FDI for China might be that：FDIsolve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China may spend the money onimporting advanced equipment and technologies for its infrastructure,national supportingindustry,key projects,etc.Chapter 2关税壁垒tariff barriers非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers从量税specific duties配额quota保护性关税protective tariff市场失灵market failure幼稚产业infant industry许可证制度licensing system财政关税revenue tariff政府采购government procurement贸易保护主义trade protectionism从价税Ad valorem Duties最低限价floor price本地采购规那么“buy local〞rules增加需raise domestic demandDomestic content 国含量Red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒Export susidies 出口补贴Binding quota 绑定配额Absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制Tariff-rate quotas 关税配额Zero quota 零配额“Buy local〞rules 本地采购原那么Ⅱ1.Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports toenable relatively inefficient domestic producers to pete successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案
国际贸易实务英文版第二版课后习题答案Chapter 2 International Trade Terms I. Multiple choices II. True or false statements 1 B T 2 C T 3 A F 4 C F 5 C T 6 D F 7 A F 8 B F 9 C F 10 D T III. Explain the following terms 1. shipment contractShipment contract is a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before the time of shipment. 2. symbolic deliverySymbolic delivery is a delivery situation in which when the sellerdelivers the buyer does not physically receive the goods. This kind ofdelivery is proved by the submission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.3. arrival contractArrival contract means a contract using an Incoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at the destination. 4. actual deliveryActual delivery refers to a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receive the goods. IV. Short questions1. Who pays for loading for shipment under FOB ? The seller.2. Who pays for unloading under CIF? The buyer.3. Compare and contrast FOB, CFR and CIF?Similarities: a. The seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are loaded on board, b. The seller is responsible for export customs formalities while the buyer is responsible for import customs formalities, c. The buyer is responsible for unloading the goods at the port of destination, d. All three terms can only be used for waterway transportation.Differences: a. FOB requires the buyer to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CFR requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation; CIF requires the seller to arrange and pay for the ocean transportation and insurance against the buyer's risk.4. What are the two types of trade terms concerning the transfer of risks?Shipment contract terms vs. arrival contract terms. Under shipment contract terms the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer before the goods depart from the place/port of shipment. Under arrival contract terms the seller will bear the risk of the goods until the goods arrive at the destination. 5. What are the differences and similarities between CPT and CFR?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation.Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the firstcarrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.6. What are the differences and similarities between CIP and CIF?Major similarities: a. The seller should contract and pay for the major carriage. b. The seller is not taking the risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the transportation, c. The seller must obtain insurance against the buyer's risk.1Difference: a. CPT is applicable to any kind of transportation mode while CFR is only used for seaway or inland waterway transport, b. Under CPT the seller's risk will be transferred to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier nominated by the seller. Under CFR the seller's risk will be transferred when the goods are loaded on board the vessel.7. If you trade with an American, is the sales contract subject to Incoterms without any doubt? What should you do?No. The Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 is still in use, especially in the North American area. It has different interpretation about some trade terms. The traders should clarify the choice of rules before any further discussion.8. What are the most commonly used trade terms? FOB, CFR & CIF.9. Who is responsible for carrying out customs formalities for exports under an FOB contract?The seller. According to Incoterms 2021, except EXW and DDP these two terms, all the other eleven terms require the seller to handle the export customs formalities, while the buyer the import customs formalities. 10. If a Chinese trader signs an FOB Hamburg contract, is he exporting or importing?Importing. FOB should be used with a \Chinese trader's perspective, he is importing. V. Case studies1. An FOB contract stipulated \March 201 l, the seller contacted the buyer for shipment details. The buyer faxed \port for loading on 21 March. The vessel will depart on 22 March.\The seller sent the goods to the port accordingly. However the nominated vessel did not turn up and the goods had to be stored in the warehouse at the port. On the night of 21 March a fire happened in the warehouse area and part of the goods was damaged. When the vessel arrived two days later the seller and the buyer had an argument about the settlement of the loss. The seller required the buyer to bear the loss caused by the fire, but the buyer believed that the vessel arrived within the shipment period and the loss occurred before the seller delivered the goods therefore the seller should bear the loss. Please provide your solution.析：1)首先案例中提到货物发生了损失是由于货物存放在码头仓库期间发生火灾造成的。