William Golding - 副本

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lesson1-thinking as a hobbyppt课件

nothing but(p2): nothing except;only
His parents care nothing but his scores at school.
One was a lady wearing nothing but a bath towel.
Venus
In Roman mythology, Venus was the goddess of love and beauty. 【罗马神话】维纳斯：爱情和形体美的女神 In other cultures, she has a more sinister role particularly in Mayan mythology.
Pluto was re-classified as a dwarf planet
பைடு நூலகம்
lest (p2):for fear that; in order to make sure that sth. will not happen
He hide behind the curtain lest the professor (should) see him.
Three grades:
Grade-three thinking: was no thinking at all, but a combination of ignorance, prejudice and hypocrisy. Most people belong to this category (according to the author).
The original story was R. M. Ballantyne’s The Coral Island (1858), the story of a highly

戈尔丁William Golding

Features of his works
• Rich in imagination • In many novels Golding has revealed the dark places of human heart. His work is characterized by exploration of the “darkness of man’s heart” ,deep spiritual and ethical questions. • He preached moral sermons by using fables, metaphors, symbolism, and citing the Bible and mythologies.
His early works are widely recognized as the most famous ones, and their settings are different from one anther.
Lord of the Flies
on a wild island
The Inheritors
.
· Quit this job 5 years later in 1940. · He joined the Royal Navy in command of a rocket
ship in the WWII, and took part in a number of battles during the next 5 years.
· In 1979 ,he won James Tait Black
Memorial Prize.
· In 1983,he won Nobel Prize. · In 1993,he died of heart failure.

William Golding

people born to be more evil are reflected in his works.
His life experience
• He was born on sep. 19th in Cornwall, on the southwestern tip of England. • His father, Alec Golding, was a distinguished school master. And he was expected to be a scientist by his parents. So he had studied at Oxford University for 2 years according to his parent’s wishes. • He was especially interested in literature from his young age at 7,began to write a play revised from a story in old Egypt. For this, he changed his major to English literature and Anglo-Saxon history.
舰俾斯麦号沉没).
Influence
William Golding is the representative of the Realism. His wartime experiences played a large part in helping him to form his view of life and made him witness everything about the ferocity(凶猛残暴）of the war.

LordoftheFlies解读

Lord of the Flies
在一场未来的核战争中，一架飞机带着一群男孩从英国本土飞向南方疏散。飞机被击落。孩子们乘坐的机舱落到一座世外桃源般的，荒无人烟的珊瑚岛上。起初这群孩子齐心协力，后来由于害怕所谓的“野兽”分裂成两派，以崇尚本能的专制为“Beelzebub” (又有说此词出自阿拉伯语)。在英语中, “蝇王”则是粪便与丑恶之王（或污物之王），在《圣经》“Beelzebub”被当作“万恶之首”. 在小说里，蝇王不只是象征着丑恶的悬挂着的猪头，更代表的是人性最深层的黑暗面，是无法避免的劣根性。
Achievements:
1979 : the James Tait Black Memorial Prize
1980: an the Booker Prize
1983: the Nobel Prize for Literature, an unexpected and even contentious choice (the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography)
作品揭示了，一群英国少年在逐步适应了丛林中如野人般的狂放不羁,凶残，野蛮的生活方式后渐渐抛弃了文明，道德，有原则的行为模式，并以此诠释了两种天性的冲突。
•Loss of innocence (童心泯灭)
As the boys on the island progress from well-behaved, orderly children who hope to be rescued to cruel, bloodthirsty hunters who have no desire to return to civilization, they naturally lose the sense of innocence that they possessed at the beginning of the novel.

史蒂芬·金作品超越你想象的10个地方

史蒂芬·金作品超越你想象的10个地方美国恐怖小说销量冠军的作家，斯蒂芬·金，以其著作等身而闻名。

至2015年夏天，他已经出版了54部小说以及200多篇的短篇故事。

金曾称自己的很多作品都像“巨无霸”（a Big Mac，麦当劳一种汉堡）一样，内容丰富，涉猎广泛（虽然不是所有作品都这样）。

而其中最吸人眼球，让人着迷的几部小说，彼此都有着密切的联系。

10.《虚构的小镇》斯蒂芬·金的作品中最密切联系的一点就是他们都发生在虚构的缅因州小镇上。

在他的作品中，金经常会用到德里（Derry）、岩堡市（Castle Rock）和耶路撒冷领地（Jerusalem’s Lot.）这三个地名。

德里是《死光》（It）、《失眠》（Insomnia）、《尸骨袋》（Bag of Bones）、《追梦人》（Dreamcatcher）和《公平的扩展》（Fair Extension）这些小说的故事背景所在。

而一些短篇故事和小说，如《死亡区域》（The Dead Zone）、《恶兆》（Cujo）、《必需品专卖店》（Needful Things）和《黑暗的另一半》（ The Dark Half.）的部分情节发生在岩堡市。

《缅因鬼镇》（‘Salem’s Lot）和其他两篇短篇故事的发生地是耶路撒冷领地。

除了这些主要的背景城市，还有很多虚构的地点，比如小说《魔女嘉丽》（Carrie）中的城市钱柏林（Chamberlain）；《宠物公墓》（Pet Sematary）和《燃烧森林》（Tommyknockers）以及《黑暗的另一半》（The Dark Half）部分情节中的小镇德罗（Ludlow），《惊鸟》（Dolores Claiborne）和《世纪邪风暴》（Storm of the Century）中的小高岛（Little Tall Island），以及《穹顶之下》的背景地点（Chester’s Mill）。

这个虚构的缅因州与我们所生活的缅因州并行不悖，连斯蒂芬·金自己都说缅因州的班戈就是他虚构中的德里。

德国皇帝威廉名言

德国皇帝威廉名⾔1. 威廉golding说过的⼀句名⾔⼀个⾦发男孩从最后⼏英尺的岩壁上滑溜下来，开始⼩⼼翼翼地找条道⼉奔向环礁湖。

尽管他已脱掉校服式的⽑线衫，这会⼉提在⼿⾥任其飘摇，灰⾊的衬衫却仍然粘在⾝上，头发也湿漉漉地贴在前额。

在他周围，⼀条狭长的断层岩直插林莽深处，⼀切都沐浴在阳光之中。

…… ——选⾃威廉·⼽尔丁：《蝇王》 “蝇王”即苍蝇之王，源于希伯莱语Baalzebub，在《圣经》中“Baal”被当作“万恶之⾸”，在英语中，“蝇王”是污秽物之王，也是丑恶灵魂的同义词。

1954年，威廉·⼽尔丁（William Golding）爵⼠以“蝇王”为主题写作出版了⼀部⼩说，名字就叫《蝇王》。

这是⼀部带有神话⾊彩的⼩说，孩⼦是这个故事的主⼈公，但《蝇王》并不是⼀般意义上的⼉童⽂学，⽽是⼀部写给⼤⼈看的书，故事所展⽰的⼉童世界只是成⼈世界的⼀个缩影。

正如王⼩波所说过的，这部⼩说只是把故事放在了未来时代的背景中，其实质和纯⽂学是相同的。

由于现在的时代背景不能准确表达作家的创作意图，才把故事放在⼀个他想象的世界中。

在这部作品中，⼽尔丁⽤他特有的沉思与冷静挖掘着⼈类千百年来从未停⽌过的互相残杀的根源，是⼀部揭⽰⼈性恶的现代版寓⾔。

故事设置了⼈的原善与原恶、⼈性与兽性、理性与⾮理性、⽂明与野蛮等⼀系列⽭盾冲突，冲突的结果令⼈信服地展现出⽂明、理性的脆弱性和追求民主法治秩序的难度，说明了⼈类⾛向专制易，奔向民主社会难的道理。

在欲望和野蛮⾯前，⼈类⽂明为何显得如此草包如此不堪⼀击？这正是《蝇王》的思考之所在。

2. 威廉.莎⼠⽐亚的名⾔Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.-Shakespeare宁为聪明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才⼦。

-莎⼠⽐亚A light heart lives long .豁达者长寿。

（英国剧作家莎⼠⽐亚. W.）Do not , for one repulse , give up the purpose that you resolved to effect .不要只因⼀次失败，就放弃你原来决⼼想达到的⽬的。

WilliamGolding戈尔丁简介

William Golding戈尔丁简介1911- 长篇小说：Lord of the Flies蝇王;The Inheritors继承人;Pincher Martin平却·马丁;The Spire塔尖;The Pyramid金字塔in full Sir William Gerald Goldingborn Sept. 19, 1911, St. Columb Minor, near Newquay, Cornwall, Eng.died June 19, 1993, Perranarworthal, near Falmouth, CornwallWilliam Golding.English novelist who in 1983 won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his parables of the human condition. He attracted a cult of followers, especially among the youth of the post-World War II generation.Educated at Marlborough Grammar School, where his father taught, and at Brasenose College, Oxford, Golding graduated in 1935. After working in a settlement house and in small theatre companies, he became a schoolmaster at Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury. He joined the Royal Navy in 1940, took part in the action that saw the sinking of the German battleship Bismarck,and commanded a rocket-launching craft during the invasion of France in 1944. After the war he resumed teaching at Bishop Wordsworth's until 1961.Golding's first published novel was Lord of the Flies (1954; film 1963 and 1990), the story of a group of schoolboys isolated on a coral island who revert to savagery. Its imaginative and brutal depiction of the rapid and inevitable dissolution of social mores aroused widespread interest. The Inheritors(1955), set in the last days of Neanderthal man, is anotherstory of the essential violence and depravity of human nature. The guilt-filled reflections of a naval officer, his ship torpedoed, who faces an agonizing death are the subject of Pincher Martin (1956). Two other novels, Free Fall(1959) and The Spire(1964), also demonstrate Golding's belief that “man produces evil as a bee produces honey.” Darkness Visible(1979) tells the story of a boy horribly burned in the London blitz during World War II. His later works include Rites of Passage(1980), which won the Booker McConnell Prize, and its sequels, Close Quarters (1987) and Fire Down Below (1989). Golding was knighted in 1988.Early lifeWilliam Golding was born in his grandmother's house, 47 Mountwise, St Columb Minor, Cornwall and he spent many childhood holidays there. He grew up at his family home in Marlborough, Wiltshire, where his father (Alec Golding) was a science master at Marlborough Grammar School (1905 to retirement). Alec Golding was a socialist with a strong commitment to scientific rationalism, and the young Golding and his elder brother Joseph attended the school where his father taught. His mother, Mildred, kept house at 29, The Green, Marlborough, and supported the moderate campaigners for female suffrage. In 1930 Golding went to Oxford University as an undergraduate at Brasenose College, where he read Natural Sciences for two years before transferring to English Literature.Golding's biographer John Carey claimed in 2009 that Golding admits in a diary to attempted rape while he was an undergraduate。

William-Golding 威廉戈尔丁

William Golding 10
British Literature

Quit this job 5 years later in 1940 Joined the Royal Navy in command of a rocket ship in the WWII Took part in a number of battles during the next 5 years and fought fiercely because he was bitterly opposed to the Nazi philosophy that advocated the German superiority over all the other races
William Golding 18
British Literature

One thing interesting to note about these is their settings. The stories are set usually in a place far from “the old world”: either on a wild island (like Lord of the Flies [1954]), or on a rock in the Atlantic (as in Pincher Martin [1956]), or in a primitive world (as is The Inheritors [1955]), or a medieval town (as is The Spire [1964]).
William Golding 12
British Literature

金字塔读后感50字左右

金字塔读后感50字左右英文回答：The Pyramid is a captivating novel written by William Golding, which explores the themes of savagery,civilization, and the complexities of human nature. Golding masterfully creates a microcosm of society on a remote island, where a group of British boys are stranded after a plane crash. As the boys struggle to survive and establish order, the fragile veneer of civilization begins to crumble, revealing the dark and primal instincts that lurk within. Golding's vivid descriptions and insightfulcharacterization paint a chilling portrait of the human condition, delving into the depths of both good and evil.Through the lens of the boys' experiences, Golding examines the delicate balance between order and chaos, the fragility of civilization, and the enduring power of human nature. The novel's haunting resonance stems from its timeless exploration of the human psyche, making it aprofound and thought-provoking read that continues to captivate readers to this day.中文回答：《金字塔》（The Pyramid）是威廉·戈尔丁创作的一部长篇小说，探讨了野蛮、文明和人性复杂性等主题。

William GoldingPPT课件

William Golding (1911-1993)
William Golding (1911-1993)
British Literature
William Golding
2
威廉·戈尔丁
戈尔丁在西方被称为“寓言编撰家”，他运用现实主义的叙述方法编写寓言神话，承袭西方伦理学的传统，着力表现“人心的黑暗”这一主题，表现出作家对人类未来的re
William Golding
11
His wartime experiences played a large part in helping him to form his view of life and also made him witness everything about the ferocity of the war.
After graduation, followed his family tradition and worked as an English and philosophy teacher at Bishop Wordsworth’s School in Salisbury, which was a job he did not like at all
British Literature
William Golding
9
Changed his major to English literature and Anglo-Saxon history
It was during his university years that he published his book—a collection of poems.
由于他的小说“具有清晰的现实主义叙述技巧以及虚构故事的多样性与普遍性，阐述了今日世界人类的状况”，1983年获诺贝尔文学奖。

William Golding

Best known for his novel Lord of
the Flies, he won
a Nobel Prize for
Literature in
1983 .
William Golding was also awarded the Booker Prize for literature in 1980 for his novel Rites of Passage, the first book in what became his sea trilogy, To the Ends of the Earth.To the Ends of the Earth.
David.
War service
During World War II, Golding fought in the Royal Navy and was briefly involved in the pursuit and sinking of Germany's mightiest battleship, the Bismarck. He also participated in the invasion of Normandy on D-Day, commanding a landing ship that fired salvoes of rockets onto the beaches, and then in a naval action at Walcheren in which 23 out of 24 assault craft were sunk. At the war's end he returned to teaching and writing.
不相同。他经常运用寓言、比喻、象征等艺术手段，并引用《圣经》

thinking-as-a-hobby

WB T L E
I. Author -- Golding’s Masterpiece
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
The story describes an unsuccessful struggle against barbarism and war, thus showing the ambiguity and fragility of civilization. It has also been said that it is an allegory of World War II.
• “grade-two thinking”:people
who belong to it can see their ignorance,prejudice,hypocrisy and lack of logic,but this thinking has nothing constructive to offer.
• “grade-one thinking”:people
who belong to it set out to find the truth and get it.
WB T L E
WB T L E
Lesson 1—Thinking as a Hobby
Venus de Milo, is one of the most famous works of ancient Greek sculpture. It is believed to depict the Greek goddess of love and beauty. Its arms and original plinth〔底座〕 have been lost. From an inscription that was on its plinth, it is thought to be the work of Alexandros of Antioch 〔希腊雕刻家，安屈克亚的亚历山德罗斯〕 about 130 and 100 BC.

威廉戈尔丁经典语录

威廉戈尔丁经典语录2017-05-07威廉·戈尔丁(williamgolding，1911～1994)英国小说家。

生于英格兰康沃尔郡一个知识分子家庭，自小爱好文学。

1930年遵父命入牛津大学学习自然科学，两年后转攻文学。

1934年发表了处女作——一本包括29首小诗的诗集(麦克米伦当代诗丛之一)。

1935年毕业于牛津大学，获文学士学位，此后在一家小剧团里当过编导和演员。

194o年参加皇家海军，亲身投入了当时的战争。

1945年退役，到学校教授英国文学，并坚持业余写作。

1954年发表了长篇小说《蝇王》，获得巨大的声誉。

1955年成为皇家文学会成员。

1961年获牛津大学文学硕士学位，同年辞去教职，专门从事写作。

1.一块圆圆的太阳光斑映到他脸上，一团亮光也在水中出现了，杰克惊愕地看到，里面不再是他本人，而是一个可怕的陌生人。

他把水一泼，跳将起来，兴奋地狂笑着。

在池塘边上，他那结实的身体顶着一个假面具，既使大家注目，又使大家畏惧。

他开始跳起舞来，他那笑声变成了一种嗜血的狼嚎。

他向比尔蹦跳过去，一个独立的形象出现了，那就是戴着假面具的他，杰克在面具后面躲着，摆脱了羞耻感和自卑感。

《蝇王》2.中国人好讲假话，好讲漂亮话、好讲面子，还要理直气壮地讲，其实早从孔孟时代就开始了。

试想，在一个由原恶的人组成的社会中宣扬克己复礼”、清心寡欲”、上智下愚”，会是个什么样的结局?只能是恶人当道，好人受气，甚至有生命之忧。

《蝇王》3.在这儿，旧生活的禁忌虽然无形无影，却仍强有力。

席地而坐的孩子的四周，有着父母、学校、警察和法律的保护。

罗杰的手臂受到文明的约束，虽然他对这文明一无所。

《蝇王》4.不长久的，多将终以悲剧。

《蝇王》5.在中国古代，甚至今天，说人性本恶，或人生来就自私是绝不会受欢迎的。

杨朱说：人不为己，天诛地灭”，本来一语道破天机，但这样的观点遭XX年的唾骂，也决不会成为占主导地位的思想。

《蝇王》6.人生最大的痛苦莫过于像牲畜一样让人牵着鼻子走。

William-Golding 威廉戈尔丁

British Literature
William Golding
17

In 1955, a science fiction, The Inheritors In 1956, his third novel, Pincher Martin In 1959, the forth novel, Free Fall His another novel entitled The Spire came out in 1964. Darkness Visible was published in 1979. The title is taken from Milton’s description about the Hell in his Paradise Lost.
British LiteratureBiblioteka William Golding
14

When the war was over, he returned to his former post as a teacher at Bishop Wordsworth School in 1945. Although he had written a few books at that time, he was unsuccessful except for a few minor reviews and magazine articles. However, at the same time he did produce 3 manuscript novels.
William Golding (1911-1993)
William Golding (1911-1993)

兰登书屋评选的20世纪百部经典英文小说书目

兰登书屋评选的20世纪百部经典英文小说书目美国兰登书屋的《当代文库》编辑小组於1998年7月间选出了二十世纪一百大英文小说。

这份排名书单一公布,即引起举世回响和评论。

百大小说之圈选,以英国航海作家康拉德(Joseph Conrad)入选四本最多;其他如乔伊斯、福克纳、劳伦斯、福斯特、詹姆斯、渥夫各有叁本入选。

乔伊斯的《尤里西斯》是第一名,这本书在其他名单也都名列前茅。

就出版年代而言,出版最早的是1900年的《嘉莉妹妹》和《吉姆爷》;最近的则是1983年的《紫苑草》;1985年以後尚无入选作品。

20世纪百大英文小说名单:1. 乔伊斯(James Joyce)爱尔兰《尤里西斯》(Ulysses)19222. 费兹杰罗(F. S. Fitzgerald)美国《大亨小传》(The Great Gatsby)19253. 乔伊斯(James Joyce)爱尔兰《青年艺术家的画像》(A Portrait of the Artistas a Young Man)19164. 纳巴科夫(Vladimir Nabokov)俄裔美籍《洛莉塔》(Lolita)19555. 赫胥黎(Aldous Huxley)英国《美丽新世界》(Brave New World)19326. 福克纳(William Faulkner)美国《声音与愤怒》(The Sound andFury)19297. 海勒(Joseph Heller)美国《第22条军规》(Catch-22)19618. 柯斯勒(Arthur Koestler)匈牙利《中午的黑暗》(Darkness atNoon)19419. 劳伦斯(D. H. Lawrence)英国《儿子与情人》(Sons and Lover)191310. 史坦贝克(John Steinbeck)美国《愤怒的葡萄》(The Grapes of Wrath)193911. 劳瑞(Malcolm Lowry)英国《在火山下》(Under the Volcano)194712. 巴特勒(Samuel Butler)英国《众生之路》(The Way of All Flesh)190313. 欧威尔(George Orwell)英国《一九八四》(1984)194914. 格雷夫斯(Robert Graves)英国《我,克劳狄》(I, Claudius)193415. 吴尔芙(Virginia Woolf)英国《到灯塔去》(To the Lighthouse)192716. 德莱赛(Theodore Dreiser)美国《人间悲剧》(An AmericanTragedy)192517. 玛克勒丝(Carson McCullers)美国《同是天涯沦落人》(The Heart Is a Longly Heart) 194018. 冯内果(Kurt Vonnegut)美国《第五号屠宰场》(Slaughterhouse-Five)196919. 埃利森(Ralph Ellison)美国《隐形人》(Invisible Man)195220. 莱特(Richard Wright)美国《土生子》(Native Son)194021. 贝娄(Saul Bellow)美国《雨王韩德森》(Henderson the RainKing)195922. 奥哈拉(John O'Hara)美国《在萨马拉的会合》(Appointment in Samarra)193423. 多斯帕索斯(John Dos Passos)美国《美国》(U. S. A. )193624. 安德生(Sherwood Anderson)美国《小城故事》(Winesburg, Ohio)191925. 福斯特(E. M. Forster)英国《印度之旅》(A Passage to India)192426. 詹姆斯(Henry James)美国《鸽翼》(The Wings of the Dove)190227. 詹姆斯(Henry James)美国《奉使记》(The Ambassadors)190328. 费兹杰罗(F. S. Fitzgerald)美国《夜未央》(Tender Is theNight)193429. 法雷尔(James T. Farrell)美国《「斯塔兹?朗尼根」三部曲》(Studs Lonigan-trilogy) 193530. 福特(Ford Madox Ford)英国《好兵》(The Good Soldier)191531. 欧威尔(George Orwell)英国《动物农庄》(Animal Farm)194532. 詹姆斯(Henry James)美国《金碗》(The Golden Bowl)190433. 德莱赛(Theodore Dreiser)美国《嘉莉妹妹》(Sister Carrie)190034. 渥夫(Evelyn Waugh)英国《一掬尘土》(A Handful of Dust)193435. 福克纳(William Faulkner)美国《出殡现形记》(As I Lay Dying)193036. 华伦(Robert Penn Warren)美国《国王供奉的人们》(All the King's Men)194637. 威尔德(Thornton Wilder)美国《圣路易?莱之桥》(The Bridge of SanLuis Rey)192738. 福斯特(E. M. Forster)英国《此情可问天》(Howards End)191039. 包德温(James Baldwin)美国《向苍天呼吁》(Go Tell It on the Mountain)195340. 葛林(Graham Greene)英国《事情的真相》(The Heart of theMatter)194841. 高汀(William Golding)英国《苍蝇王》(Lord of the Flies)195442. 迪基(James Dickey)美国《解救》(Deliverance )197043. 鲍威尔(Anthony Powell)英国《与时代合拍的舞蹈》(A Dance to the Music of Time) 197544. 赫胥黎(Aldous Huxley)英国《针锋相对》(Point Counter Point)192845. 海明威(Ernest Hemingway)美国《太阳照样升起》(The Sun Also Rise)192646. 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)英国《特务》(The Secret Agent)190747. 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)英国《诺斯特罗莫》(Nostromo)190448. 劳伦斯(D. H. Lawrence)英国《彩虹》(Rainbow)191549. 劳伦斯(D. H. Lawrence)英国《恋爱中的女人》(Women in Love)192050. 米勒(Henry Miller)美国《北回归线》(Tropic of Cancer)193451. 梅勒(Norman Mailer)美国《裸者和死者》(The Naked and Dead)194852. 罗斯(Philp Roth)美国《波特诺伊的抱怨》(Portnoy's Complaint)196953. 纳巴科夫(Vladimir Nabokov)俄裔美籍《苍白的火》(Pale Fire)196254. 福克纳(William Faulkner)美国《八月之光》(Light in August)193255. 克洛厄(Jack Kerouac)美国《在路上》(On the Road)195756. 汉密特(Dashiell Hammett)美国《马尔他之鹰》(The MalteseFalcon)193057. 福特(Ford Madox Ford)英国《行进的目的》(Parade's End)192858. 华顿(Edith Wharton)美国《纯真年代》(The Age of Innocence)192059. 毕尔邦(Max Beerbohm)英国《朱莱卡?多卜生》(Zuleika Dobson)191160. 柏西(Walker Percy)美国《热爱电影的人》(The Moviegoer)196161. 凯赛(Willa Cather)美国《总主教之死》(Death Comes to Archbishop)192762. 钟斯(James Jones)美国《乱世忠魂》(From Here to Eternity)195163. 奇佛(John Cheever)美国《丰普肖特纪事》(The WapshotChronicles)195764. 沙林杰(J. D. Salinger)美国《麦田捕手》(The Catcher in theRye)195165. 柏基斯(Anthony Burgess)英国《装有发条的橘子》(A Clockwork Orange)196266. 毛姆(W. Somerset Maugham)英国《人性枷锁》(Of Human Bondage)191567. 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)英国《黑暗之心》(Heart of Darkness)190268. 刘易士(Sinclair Lewis)美国《大街》(Main Street)192069. 华顿(Edith Wharton)美国《欢乐之家》(The House of Mirth)190570. 达雷尔(Lawrence Durrell)英国《亚历山大四部曲》(The Alexandraia Quartet) 196071. 休斯(Richard Hughes)英国《牙买加的风》(A High Wind inJamaica)192972. 耐波耳(V. S. Naipaul)特立尼达和多巴哥《毕斯瓦思先生之屋》(A House for Mr. Biswas)196173. 威斯特(Nathaniel West)美国《蝗虫的日子》(The Day of theLocust)193974. 海明威(Ernest Hemingway)美国《战地春梦》(A Farewell toArms)192975. 渥夫(Evelyn Waugh)英国《独家新闻》(Scoop )193876. 丝帕克(Muriel Spark)英国《琼?布罗迪小姐的青春》(The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie) 196177. 乔伊斯(James Joyce)爱尔兰《为芬尼根守灵》(Finnegans Wake)193978. 吉卜林(Rudyard Kipling)英国《金姆》(Kim)190179. 福斯特(E. M. Forster)英国《窗外有蓝天》(A Room with a View)190880. 渥夫(Evelyn Waugh)英国《梦断白庄》(Bride shead Revisited)194581. 贝娄(Saul Bellow)美国《阿奇正传》(The Adventures of Augie March)197182. 史达格纳(Wallace Stegner)美国《安眠的天使》(Angle ofRepose)197183. 耐波耳(V. S. Naipaul)特立尼达和多巴哥《河曲》(A Bend in the River)197984. 鲍恩(Elizabeth Bowen)英国《心之死》(The Death of the Heart)193885. 康拉德(Joseph Conrad)英国《吉姆爷》(Lord Jim)190086. 达特罗(E. L. Doctorow)美国《爵士乐》(Ragtime)197587. 贝内特(Arnold Bennett)英国《老妇人的故事》(The Old Wives'Tale)190888. 伦敦(Jack London)英国《野性的呼唤》(The Call of the Wild)190389. 格林(Henry Green)英国《爱》(Loving)194590. 鲁西迪(Salman Rushdie)(印裔英籍)《午夜的孩子们》(Midnight's Children) 198191. 考德威尔(Erskine Caldwell)美国《烟草路》(Tobacco Road)193292. 甘耐第(William Kennedy)美国《紫苑草》(Ironweed)198393. 佛勒斯(John Fowles)英国《占星家》(The Magus)196694. 里丝(Jean Rhys)英国《辽阔的藻海》(Wide Sargasso)196695. 默多克(Iris Murdoch)英国《在网下》(Under the Net)195496. 斯蒂隆(William Styron)美国《苏菲亚的抉择》(Sophie's Choice)197997. 鲍尔斯(Paul Bowles)美国《遮蔽的天空》(The Sheltering Sky)194998. 凯恩(James M. Cain)美国《邮差总按两次铃》(The Postman Always Rings Twice) 193499. 唐利维(J. P. Donleavy)美国《眼线》(The Ginger Man)1955100. 塔金顿(Booth Tarkington)美国《伟大的安伯森斯》(The Magnificent Ambersons) 1918。

英国小说家威廉-戈尔丁及其代表作《蝇王》

英国小说家威廉?戈尔丁及其代表作《蝇王》[摘要]诺贝尔奖包括物理学奖、化学奖、生理学或医学奖、文学奖、和平奖和纪念诺贝尔经济学奖6项，它们已成为各自领域声望最高的世界级大奖。

笔者倡议在国际上创建诺学（The Study of Nobel Prizes），就像中国红学研究《红楼梦》一样广泛深入地研究诺贝尔、诺贝尔奖及其得主以及其他相关事宜。

英国小说家威廉·戈尔丁是1983年诺贝尔文学奖得主，评论界称他为“二战”后英国“最具感染力、最富想象力和最有独创精神的小说家”，本文比较详细地介绍了他的有关情况，其代表作《蝇王》已成为世界名著。

中国高考题（包括自主招生考试题和面试题）涉及诺贝尔奖的情况已越来越多，这从一个侧面说明笔者倡议在国际上创建诺学的必要性和重要性。

[关键词]诺学；小说家；威廉·戈尔丁；代表作；长篇小说；《蝇王》；瑞典文学院；诺贝尔文学奖；中国高考作文题1 戈尔丁的生平与家庭成员威廉·杰拉德·戈尔丁（Sir William Gerald Golding，1911.09.19—1993.06.19）出生于英格兰康沃尔郡靠近西南海岸线的小圣科勒姆城（Saint Columb Minor，1934年被并入钮基Newquay）一个中产阶级知识分子家庭，他是英格兰威尔特郡马尔伯勒语言中学（Marlborough Grammar School）校长亚力克（Alec Golding）和女权主义者米尔德里德（Mildred Golding，née Curnroe）的次子。

亚力克的政治观点比较激进，崇尚科学，不信国教。

戈尔丁在故乡度过宁静而孤单的童年时光，他自幼爱好文学，7岁时就开始练习写作，不久全家迁居马尔伯勒，1921—1930年就读于马尔伯勒语言中学，12岁时曾尝试创作长篇小说（未完成），其胞兄约瑟夫（Joseph）也毕业于该校。

1930年戈尔丁考入牛津大学布拉西诺斯学院（Brasenose College）本科学习，遵父命学习自然科学，2年后改修英国文学和哲学，1934年6月取得二级学士学位，同年秋出版其第一本诗集（包括29首小诗，鲜为人知，影响很小）。

William Golding, Doris Lessing & John Fowles

《法国中尉的女人》提要

19世纪60年代，英国南部的莱姆小镇上，被称为“法国中尉的女人”的萨拉经常独自一人在海滩栈桥上若有所思地观看大海。据说她因看护一位受伤的法国船长而与其相爱并委身于他，但是法国中尉回国后便杳无音信。来自伦敦的查尔斯陪同未婚妻蒂娜到莱姆镇的姨妈家做客，与萨拉邂逅，被她神秘的诱惑力吸引。他们的关系日益密切，萨拉还把她被法国中尉遗弃的遭遇告诉他。随后，萨拉离开莱姆镇前往艾塞特治病，而查尔斯则乘火车去伦敦处理财产继承事务。这时福斯特为小说安排了三种不同的结局。其一是查尔斯克制住对萨拉的迷恋，在伦敦办完事后连夜赶回莱姆镇，向蒂娜坦白了他与萨拉之间的恋情。两人结婚，一块生活到老，生有7个儿女。其二是查尔斯没有直接回莱姆镇，而是在艾塞特站下了火车，在一家旅店与萨拉幽会。他了解到萨拉并未失身于法国中尉，而是因为不能容忍维多利亚时代的虚伪才“自甘堕落”。查尔斯决定解除与蒂娜的婚约，与萨拉结婚，但萨拉却突然失踪。查尔斯在历经波折后终于与萨拉和他们的女儿团聚。最后一种结局是查尔斯在萨拉失踪后找到了她，但是萨拉为了保持自己的独立和自由而拒绝了查尔斯。
William Golding, Doris Lessing & John Fowles
William Golding

威廉· 戈尔丁（William Golding, 1911-1993），英国小说家，出生于英格兰康沃尔郡一个教师家庭。受信仰科学的父亲影响，他于 1930年进入牛津大学时学的是理科，但两年后改学文学。1935年毕业后在一所中学做教员，同时开始创作小说。第二次世界大战期间，戈尔丁于1940年参加英国皇家海军，在一艘火箭舰艇上服役5年。战争极大地改变了戈尔丁以前对人类所持有的乐观态度，他决定通过自己的作品揭示人性中邪恶的一面，帮助人类面对自己心灵深处的黑暗。1954年发表的小说《蝇王》（Lord of the Flies）便是在这种思想指导下创作而成。《蝇王》是戈尔丁的成名作，也是他的代表作。继《蝇王》发表之后，戈尔丁笔耕不辍，在三十多年的创作生涯中又发表了《继承人》（The Inheritors， 1955）、《品彻· 马丁》（Pincher Martin，1956）、《自由堕落》（Free Fall, 1959）、《塔尖》（The Spire, 1963）、《看得见的黑暗》（Darkness Visible, 1979）、《航行仪式》（The Rites of Passage, 1980）等小说，对人性的探讨则成为贯穿几乎所有小说的主题。1983年戈尔丁获诺贝尔文学奖。