水利词汇
水利水电工程英文词汇
水利水电工程英文词汇Water conservancy and hydropower engineering is an important infrastructure in our daily life, which includes a variety of projects such as dams, reservoirs, hydroelectric power stations, water supply systems, and irrigation systems. The following is a comprehensive list of water conservancy and hydropower engineering English vocabulary related to construction, operation, maintenance and management.1. Dam: a barrier that holds back water and raises its level, typically used to create a reservoir2. Reservoir: a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.3. Hydroelectric power station: a power station that generates electricity by using the kinetic energy of flowing water to turn turbines4. Water supply system: a system that distributes water to households and businesses5. Irrigation system: a system that supplies water to crops6. Hydraulic engineering: the study of the flow and control of water7. River training: the process of maintaining or modifying the course, width, depth, or bed of a river channel8. Erosion control: methods used to prevent the loss of soil caused by water, wind, or other factors, typically by planting vegetation or constructing structures9. Flood control: measures taken to prevent or mitigate the damage caused by floods10. Dredging: the process of removing sediment or debris from the bottom of a body of water using a special excavating machine11. Water quality: the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, which can affect human health and aquatic life12. Water resources: natural sources of water used for drinking, irrigation, power generation, and other uses13. Aquifer: a layer of permeable rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater14. Groundwater: water that is stored underground in soil or rock layers and that can be extracted for human use15. Water treatment: the process of purifying water to remove contaminants, such as bacteria, viruses, and chemicals16. Desalination: the process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater or brackish water to make it usable for human consumption17. Hydraulics: the branch of science and engineering concerned with the mechanical properties of fluids, especially water18. Water use efficiency: the ability to use water efficiently and sustainably, minimizing waste and optimizing productivity19. Water conservation: the act of using water wisely and reducing unnecessary water use20. Water reuse: the process of treating and using wastewater for other purposes, such as irrigation, industrial processes, or toilet flushing21. Hydrology: the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth22. Seepage: the movement of water through soil or porous rock23. Water balance: the relationship between the amount of water added to a system and the amount of water lost, usually expressed as an equation24. Streamflow: the flow of water in a river or stream25. Turbine: a machine that converts the kinetic energy of water, steam, or wind into mechanical energyIn conclusion, the water conservancy and hydropower engineering is a complex and important field that provides essential services to individuals and communities around the world. This list provides basic vocabulary useful for anyone interested in the industry.。
水利水电专业英语词汇
施工总平面布置Construction general layout施工总平面布置 (施工总体布置 ) construction general layout施工组织 Consruction Programming施工组织设计 construction planning施工坐标系（建筑坐标系） construction coordinate system湿化变形 soaking deformation湿润比 percentage of wetted area湿润灌溉 wetting irrigation湿室型泵房 wet-pit type pump house湿陷变形系数soaking deformation coefficient湿陷起始压力 initial collapse pressure 湿陷系数 (湿陷变形系数 ) coefficient of collapsibility湿周 wetted perimeter十字板剪切试验 vane shear test石袋 honeycomb时均流速 time average velocity时均能量 time average energy时效硬化 (老化) age hardening (ageing) 时针式喷灌系统 (中心支轴自走式系统 ) central pivot sprinkler system实测放大图 surveyed amplification map 实腹柱 solid column实际材料图 primitive data map实时接线分析real time connection analysis实时控制 real-time control实时数据和实时信息 real time data and real time information实体坝 solid dike实体重力坝 solid gravity dam实物工程量 real work quantity实验站 experimental station实用堰 practical weir示流信号器 liquid-flow annunciator示坡线 slope indication line示误三角形 error triangle示踪模型 tracer model事故 failure (accident)事故备用容量reserve capacity for accident事故低油压 tripping lower oil pressure 事故音响信号emergency signal (alarmsignal)事故运行方式 accident operation mode 事故闸门 emergency gate事故照明 accident lighting事故照明切换屏accident lighting change-over panel势波 potential wave势流 potential flow势能 potential energy势涡 (自由涡 ) potential vortex视差 parallax视差法测距（基线横尺视差法） subtense method with horizontal staff视差角 parallactic angle视准线法 collimation line method视准轴（照准轴） coolimation axis试验处理 treatment of experiment试验端子 test terminal试验项目 Testing item试验小区 experimental block试运行 test run试运行 test run收敛测量 convergence measurement收敛约束法convergence-confinement method收缩断面 vena-contracta收缩缝(温度缝) contraction joint (temperature joint)收缩水深 contracted depth手动[自动]复归manual [automatic] reset手动[自动]准同期 manual [automatic] precise synchronization手动调节 manual regulation手动控制 manual control手动运行 manual operation手工电弧焊 manual arc welding首曲线（基本等高线） standard contour 首子午线（本初子午线，起始子午线） prime meridian受油器 oil head枢纽布置 layout of hydroproject疏浚 dredging输电系统 transmission system输电线 transmission line输入功率试验 input test输沙量 sediment runoff输沙率 sediment discharge输水钢管steel pipe for water conveyance输水沟 conveyance ditch输水建筑物 water conveyance structure 输水渠道 water conveyance canal鼠道 mole drains鼠道犁 mole plough鼠笼型感应电动机squirrel cage induction motor竖井定向测量 shaft orientation survey 竖井贯流式水轮机 pit turbine竖井联系测量 shaft connection survey 竖井排水 drainage well竖井式进水口 shaf tintake竖轴弧形闸门 radial gate with vertic alaxes数字地面模型digital terrain model （DTM）数字化测图 digitized mapping数字通信 digital communication数字图像处理 digital image processing 数字仪表 digital instrument甩负荷 load dump (load rejection,load shutdown)甩负荷试验load-rejection test (load-shutdowntest)双层布置 double storey layout双调节调速器 dual-regulation governor 双扉闸门 double-leaf gate双回线 double-circuit line双击式水轮机 cross flow turbine,Banki turbine双极高压直流系统 bipolar HVDC system 双金属标 bimetal bench mark双列布置 double row layout双母线接线 double-bus connection双曲拱坝 double curvature arch dam 双曲拱渡槽double curvature arch aqueduct双室式调压室double-chamber surge shaft双吸式离心泵 double-suction pump双向挡水人字闸门bidirectional retaining mitre gate水泵[水泵水轮机的水泵工况 ]的反向最大稳态飞逸转速steady state reverse runaway speed of pump水泵比转速 specific speed of pump水泵并联扬程曲线 head curve of parallel pumping system水泵参数与特性Parameters and characteristics of pump水泵串联扬程曲线 head curve of series pumping system水泵的最大[最小]输入功率maximum[minimum] input power of pump 水泵电动机机组 Motor-pump unit水泵反常运行 pump abnormal operating 水泵工况 (抽水工况 ) pump operation水泵工作点(水泵工况点) pump operating point水泵供水 water feed by pump水泵机械效率 mechanical efficiency of pump水泵机组 pump unit水泵类型 Classification of pumps水泵零部件 Components of pumps水泵流量 pump discharge水泵容积效率 volumetric efficiency of pump水泵输出功率 output power of pump水泵输入功率 (水泵轴功率 ) input power of pump水泵水力效率 hydraulic efficiency of pump水泵水轮机 Pump-turbine水泵无流量输入功率 no-discharge power of pump水泵效率 pump efficiency水泵扬程 (水泵总扬程 ) total head of pump水泵站 Pumping Station水泵装置 pump system水锤 (水击) water hammer水锤泵站 hydrauli cram pump station水锤波 (水击波 ) wave of water hammer 水锤波波速wave velocity of water hammer水电站 Hydroelectric Station水电站(水力发电站) Hydroelectric station (hydroelectric power station) 水电站保证出力 firm power, firm output 水电站厂房 (发电厂房 ) power house水电站厂房的类型 Types of power house of hydroelectric station水电站出力 power output of hydropower station水电站出力和发电量 Power and energy output of hydropower station水电站的水头、流量、水位 Waterhead, discharge, water lever of hydropower station水电站发电成本generation cost of hydropower station水电站发电量energy output of hydropower station水电站建筑物hydroelectric station structure水电站经济指标Economie index of hydropower station水电站类型Types of hydroelectric station水电站引用流量 quotative discharge of hydropower station水电站装机容量 installed capacity of hydropower station水电站自动化automation of hydroelectric station水跌 hydraulic drop水动力学 Hydrodynamics水斗 bucket水斗式水轮机 (贝尔顿式水轮机 ) pelton turbine水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工建筑物的类别及荷载 Classification and load of hydraulic structures水工建筑物级别grade of hydraulic structure水工金属结构及安装 Metal Structures and Their Installation水工隧洞 hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞 Hydraulic tunnels水工隧洞构造 Components of hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞类型Classification of hydraulic tunnels水管冷却 pipe cooling水柜 water pool水环真空泵 liquid ring pump水灰比 water-cement ratio水窖(旱井) water callar(dry wall)水静力学 Hydrostatics水库并联运用operation of parallel-connected resertvoir水库测量 reservoir survey水库串联运用operation of serial-connected reservoirs水库调度 reservoir operation水库调度图 graph of reservoir operation 水库回水变动区 fluctuating back water zone of reservoir水库浸没 reservoir immersion水库控制缓洪controlled flood retarding水库库底清理 cleaning of reservoir zone 水库泥沙 Reservoir sediment水库泥沙防治 Prevention of sediment水库年限 ultimate life of reservoir水库渗漏 reservoir leakage水库水文测验 reservoir hydrometry水库塌岸 bank ruin of reservoir水库特征库容 Characteristic capacity of reservoir水库特征水位 Characteristic level of reservoir水库泄空排沙sediment releasing by emptying reservoir水库蓄清排浑 clear water impounding and muddy flow releasing水库淹没补偿compensation for reservoir inundation水库淹没处理Treatment of reservoir inundation水库淹没处理范围treatment zone of reservoir inundation水库淹没界线测量 reservoir inundation line survey水库淹没区 zone of reservoir inundation 水库淹没实物指标material index of reservoir inundation水库异重流 density current in reservoir 水库异重流排沙 sediment releasing by density current水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake水库淤积Sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积测量reservoir accretion survey水库淤积极限 limit state of sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积平衡比降 equilibrium slope of sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积上延(翘尾巴) upward extension of reservoir deposition水库淤积纵剖面 longitudinal profile of deposit in reservoir水库滞洪排沙flood retarding and sediment releasing水库自然滞洪 free flood retarding水冷式空压机 water-cooled compressor 水力半径 hydraulic radius水力冲填hydraulic excavation and filling水力冲填坝 hydraulic fill dam水力冲洗式沉沙池hydraulic flushing sedimentation basin水力粗糙度 hydraulic roughness水力粗糙区 hydraulic roughness region 水力共振 hydraulic resonance水力光滑区 hydraulic smooth水力机械 Hydraulic Machinery水力机械与电气设备 HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT水力机组 hydropower unit水力机组测试 Measurement and test for hydropower unit水力机组的安装和试运行 Installation and starting operation of hydropower unit水力机组调节系统 Regulating system of hydropower unit水力机组辅助系统 Auxiliary system for hydropower unit水力开挖 hydraulic excavation水力坡降 (水力比降 ) hydraulic slope (energy gradient)水力破裂法(水力致裂法) hydro fracturing method水力侵蚀 (水蚀) water erosion水力学 Hydraulics水力要素(水力参数) hydraulic elements水力指数 hydraulic exponent水力自动闸门 hydraulic operating gate 水力最优断面 optimal hydraulic cross section水利工程经营管理management and administration of water project水利计算Computation of water conservancy水利区划 zoning of water conservancy 水利枢纽 hydroproject水利水电工程等别 rank of hydroproject 水利水电工程规划PLANNING OF HYDROENGINEERING水利水电工程技术术语标准 Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering水工建筑物专业英语词汇岸墙 land wall坝顶 dam crest，dam top坝踵 dam heel坝趾 dam toe板桩 sheet pile边墩 side pier，land pier变形模量 deformation modulus 鼻坎 bucket lip 毕肖普法 Bishop method 冰压力 ice pressure 剥离 desquamation 侧槽式溢洪道 side channel Spillway 沉降 settlement 齿墙 cut-off trench 冲沙闸（排沙闸） silt-releasing Sluice 纯拱法 independent arch method 刺墙 key-wall 大头坝 massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思 单宽流量 discharge per unit width 单曲拱坝 single-curvature arch dam 挡潮闸 tidal sluice 导流隧洞 river diversion tunnel 倒悬度 Overhang degree 底流消能 energy dissipation by underflow 地震作用 earthquake action 垫座 cushion abutment 动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure 断层 fault 堆石坝 rock-fill dam 多拱梁法 multi-arch beam method 阀门 valve gate 防浪墙 wave wall 防渗铺盖 impervious blanket 非常溢洪道 emergency spillway 分洪闸 flood diversion sluice 副坝 auxiliary dam 刚体极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method for rigid block 拱坝 arch dam 拱冠梁 crown cantilever 拱冠粱法 crown cantilever method 工作桥 service bridge 固结灌浆 consolidation grouting 灌溉隧洞 irrigation tunnel 灌浆帷幕 grout curtain 管涌 piping 海漫 apron extension 横缝 transverse joint 虹吸式溢洪道 siphon spillway 蝴蝶阀 butterfly valve 护坡 slope protection 护坦 apron 弧形闸门 radial gate 滑雪道式溢洪道 ski-jump spillway 化学管涌 chemical piping 混凝土防渗墙 concrete cut-off wall 混凝土面板堆石坝 concrete faced rock-fill dam 基本断面 primary section 简化毕肖普法 simplified Bishop method 浆砌石拱坝 stone masonry arch dam 浆砌石重力坝 stone masonry gravity dam 交通桥 traffic bridge 接触冲刷 contact scouring 接触灌浆 contact grouting 接缝灌浆 joint grouting 截水槽 cut-off trench 节制闸 check sluice 进水口 water inlet 进水闸 inlet sluice 井式溢洪道 shaft spillway 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 均质坝 homogeneous earth dam 抗滑稳定分析 analysis of stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性 stability against sliding 空腹重力坝 hollow gravity dam 空化 cavitation 空蚀 cavitation erosion 空注阀 hollow jet valve 宽缝重力坝 slotted gravity dam 宽尾墩 flaring pier 廊道 gallery 浪压力 wave force 理论计算 theoretical computation 拦河闸 river sluice 沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete 连拱坝 multiple-arch dam 流土soil flow 流网法 flow net method 锚杆 anchor rod 面板 face slab面流消能 energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验 model experiment泥沙压力 silt pressure碾压混凝土坝 Roller Compacted Concrete Dam牛腿 Corbel排沙隧洞 silt-releasing tunnel排水 drainage排水闸 outlet sluice喷混凝土 sprayed concrete平板坝 flat slab buttress dam平面闸门 plane gate破碎带 crushed zone铺盖 blanket砌石护坡 stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞 solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层 soft intercalated layer实用断面 practical section试载法 trial-load method双曲拱坝 double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel水力发电隧洞 hydropower tunnel水利枢纽 hydro-complex水力学方法 hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸 sluice弹性模量 elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜 geomembrane土石坝 earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝 earth dam with inclined soil wall土质斜心墙坝 earth dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝 earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting温度荷载 temperature load温度控制 temperature control温度应力 temperature stress温度作用 temperature action无压隧洞 free level tunnel消力池 stilling pool消力戽 roller bucket消能工 energy dissipater泄洪隧洞 spillway tunnel泄水建筑物 discharge structure泄水孔 outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙 breast wall扬压力 uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘 plunge pool溢流坝 overflow dam、翼墙 wing wall应力分析 stress analysis优化设计 optimization design有限单元法 finite element method有压隧洞 pressure tunnel闸墩 pier闸门 gate闸门槽 gate slot正槽式溢洪道 normal channel spillway 整体式重力坝 monolithic gravity dam趾板 toe slab支墩坝 buttress dam重力坝 gravity dam重力墩 gravity abutment周边缝 peripheral joint驻波 standing wave锥形阀 cone valve自由跌流 free drop自重 dead weight纵缝 longitudinal joint键槽 key strench伸缩缝 contraction joint施工缝 construction joint反弧段 flip bucket拦污栅 trash rack渐变段 transition泄槽 chute发电进水口 power intake通气管 air vent检修门 bulkhead gate事故门 emergency gate工作门 service gate堰 weir通气管 air vent胸墙 breast wall梁 beam柱 column回填混凝土 backfill concrete 接地 earth一期混凝土 primary concrete 二期混凝土 secondary concrete 叠梁门 stoplog门机gantry crane止水 waterstop钢筋 reinforcement模板 formwork围堰 cofferdam马道 bench；berm蜗壳 volute水轮机 turbine电站 power house车间 workshop发电机 generator变电站 transformer station副厂房 auxiliary power house 安装间 erection bay尾水闸门 tail lock尾水渠 tailrace引水渠 approach channel前池 fore bay导墙 lead wall隔墙 partition wall接触灌浆 contact grouting回填混凝土 backfill concrete 帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting挡墙 retaining wall港口 harbour港口建筑物 port structure 船闸 navigation lock船闸充水 lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统 locking filling and emptying system船闸前池 upper pool船闸上下游水位差 lock lift船闸闸首 lock head升船机 ship elevator；ship lift鱼道 fish canal旁通管 by-pass齿槽 cut-off wall水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙 land wall坝顶 dam crest，dam top坝踵 dam heel坝趾 dam toe板桩 sheet pile边墩 side pier，land pier变形模量 deformation modulus鼻坎 bucket lip毕肖普法 Bishop method冰压力 ice pressure剥离 desquamation侧槽式溢洪道 side channel Spillway沉降 settlement齿墙 cut-off trench冲沙闸（排沙闸） silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法 independent arch method刺墙 key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量 discharge per unit width单曲拱坝 single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸 tidal sluice导流隧洞 river diversion tunnel倒悬度 Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用 earthquake action垫座 cushion abutment动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure断层 fault堆石坝 rock-fill dam多拱梁法 multi-arch beam method阀门 valve gate防浪墙 wave wall防渗铺盖 impervious blanket非常溢洪道 emergency spillway分洪闸 flood diversion sluice副坝 auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block拱坝 arch dam拱冠梁 crown cantilever拱冠粱法 crown cantilever method工作桥 service bridge固结灌浆 consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞 irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕 grout curtain管涌 piping海漫 apron extension横缝 transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道 siphon spillway蝴蝶阀 butterfly valve护坡 slope protection护坦 apron弧形闸门 radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道 ski-jump spillway化学管涌 chemical piping混凝土防渗墙 concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam基本断面 primary section简化毕肖普法 simplified Bishop method 浆砌石拱坝 stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝 stone masonry gravity dam 交通桥 traffic bridge接触冲刷 contact scouring接触灌浆 contact grouting接缝灌浆 joint grouting截水槽 cut-off trench节制闸 check sluice进水口 water inlet进水闸 inlet sluice井式溢洪道 shaft spillway静水压力 hydrostatic pressure均质坝 homogeneous earth dam 抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding抗滑稳定性 stability against sliding 空腹重力坝 hollow gravity dam空化 cavitation空蚀 cavitation erosion空注阀 hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝 slotted gravity dam宽尾墩 flaring pier廊道 gallery浪压力 wave force理论计算 theoretical computation拦河闸 river sluice沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete连拱坝 multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法 flow net method锚杆 anchor rod面板 face slab面流消能 energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验 model experiment泥沙压力 silt pressure碾压混凝土坝 Roller Compacted Concrete Dam牛腿 Corbel排沙隧洞 silt-releasing tunnel排水 drainage排水闸 outlet sluice喷混凝土 sprayed concrete平板坝 flat slab buttress dam平面闸门 plane gate破碎带 crushed zone铺盖 blanket砌石护坡 stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞 solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层 soft intercalated layer实用断面 practical section试载法 trial-load method双曲拱坝 double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物 hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel水力发电隧洞 hydropower tunnel水利枢纽 hydro-complex水力学方法 hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸 sluice弹性模量 elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜 geomembrane土石坝 earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝 earth dam with inclined soil wall土质斜心墙坝 earth dam with inclined soil core土质心墙坝 earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting温度荷载 temperature load温度控制 temperature control温度应力 temperature stress温度作用 temperature action无压隧洞 free level tunnel消力池 stilling pool消力戽 roller bucket消能工 energy dissipater泄洪隧洞 spillway tunnel泄水建筑物 discharge structure泄水孔 outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙 breast wall扬压力 uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘 plunge pool溢流坝 overflow dam、翼墙 wing wall应力分析 stress analysis优化设计 optimization design有限单元法 finite element method有压隧洞 pressure tunnel 闸墩 pier闸门 gate闸门槽 gate slot正槽式溢洪道 normal channel spillway 整体式重力坝 monolithic gravity dam 趾板 toe slab支墩坝 buttress dam重力坝 gravity dam重力墩 gravity abutment周边缝 peripheral joint驻波 standing wave锥形阀 cone valve自由跌流 free drop自重 dead weight纵缝 longitudinal joint键槽 key strench伸缩缝 contraction joint施工缝 construction joint反弧段 flip bucket拦污栅 trash rack渐变段 transition泄槽 chute发电进水口 power intake通气管 air vent检修门 bulkhead gate事故门 emergency gate工作门 service gate堰 weir通气管 air vent胸墙 breast wall梁 beam柱 column回填混凝土 backfill concrete接地 earth一期混凝土 primary concrete二期混凝土 secondary concrete叠梁门 stoplog门机gantry crane止水 waterstop钢筋 reinforcement模板 formwork围堰 cofferdam马道 bench；berm蜗壳 volute水轮机 turbine电站 power house车间 workshop发电机 generator变电站 transformer station副厂房 auxiliary power house安装间 erection bay尾水闸门 tail lock尾水渠 tailrace引水渠 approach channel前池 fore bay导墙 lead wall隔墙 partition wall接触灌浆 contact grouting回填混凝土 backfill concrete帷幕灌浆 curtain grouting挡墙 retaining wall港口 harbour港口建筑物 port structure船闸 navigation lock船闸充水 lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统 locking filling and emptying system船闸前池 upper pool船闸上下游水位差 lock lift船闸闸首 lock head升船机 ship elevator；ship lift鱼道 fish canal旁通管 by-pass齿槽 cut-off wall。
水利水电工程专业英语英文词汇
strain meter 应变计set out 放线、放样stake-line temperature sensor 温度传感器测桩线state plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标集线站terminal station其他（Others）系survey point 测点check hole 检查孔theoretical point 灌区理论点compartmenttraverse(polygon) 导线（测dense mix 浓浆量）、横断error of traverse 导线闭合差foundation uplift 基础隆起lattice traverse 网格状导线灌浆孔grout holelong side traverse instrument hole 仪器孔长导线open traverse 非闭合primary/secondary and tertiary grout holes 一导线short side traverse 短导线序、二序、三序灌浆孔traverse closure 导线闭合加密灌浆孔距spilt spacingtraverse station 导线点waste mix 弃浆traverse survey 导线测量Survey◆测量（）triangulation 测量方法及术语（Methods and Terms）三角测量triangulation network 三角网调整校正adjust 、triangulation of high order 高等级三角网adjustment 平差triangulation point 容许误差allowance 三角点三边测量backsight point 后视点trilateration程控制网basic point 基础点vertical-control net 高bench mark 水准点木桩wood pile Angular Measure）角度测量（compass 罗盘azimuth 方位角chainage(station number) 桩号象限角bearing 方位三角锁chain of triangulation 、器、水准buddle 、check 校核对照气泡圆盘circle 度盘、控制control point 点器圆水坐标点coordinate point 准circular bubbledatum 基础面轴视准collimation axis点基datum point 准十字丝cross-line(cross-hair)偏差depression angle 俯角deviationeasily identifiable point elevation angle 仰角点容易识别eyepiece(ocular) error 误差目镜量field pole(staff) 标杆一等三角测first order triangulationgeodetic foot-screw 学的大地测量脚螺栓量geodetic surveying 大地测水平角horizontal angle量合联测）mark 标志（明joint survey已知点known point 物镜objective lens面水level surface 准垂线铅垂、plumb(plummet)局local triangulation networks 准、观测sight 瞄部三角网准瞄target 国national coordination system 家坐标网目标、监视观测observe 、纬仪theodolite 经point to be located 待定点横轴tranverse axistripod 三脚架置位、定位position踏勘、选点reconnaissance 竖直角vertical angle参考点reference point vertical axis 竖轴量二等三角测second order triangulation Telescope望远镜（）1centering 对中reduced level 归化高差run back 返测盘左face leftrun out 往测face right 盘右three-wire leveling 三丝法水准focus 集中、焦点测量地形测量（Topographic Survey focusing 调焦）boundary 边界、界线index error 指标误差inverted position of telescope(reverse construction stake 施工标桩contour 等高线盘右telescope)倒镜、normal position of telescope(direct telescope)contour interval 等高距contouring 绘等高线、正镜盘右contour-length method 光学垂准器等高线延长法optical plummetcontour line 等高线round 测回control network 控制网set 套、组detail 细部、详图station 测站draw 绘图距离测量（Distance Measure）field 外业气barometer 压计fix 固定、确定base line(basic line/datum line) 基线form line 地形图电battery 池EDM(electromagnetic distance measurement) grid 格网information 注记、资料、情报电磁波测距marginal information 轮廓注记滤波器滤光片filter 、large-scale 大比例尺的laser alignment system 激光准直系统latitude 纬度、范围laser beam 激光束latitude circle 纬圈prism 棱镜latitude line range 纬线距离测程、legend 图例long range 远程location 定线、程medium range 中定位longitude 经short range 短程度longitude line 测距仪经线range findermap signal 地图、制图信号mapping 制图、测spring balance 弹簧称图、地质素描match line 拼接线卷尺tapemonument 标石invar tape 铟瓦钢卷尺、石柱object 高程测量（Height Measurement地物、目标）plan 程、高海拔平面图、略图altitude/elevationplot 近似approximate leveling 置绘图粗平平、profile 断面（图）、纵剖图准自动定平水automatic level 仪difference in altitude(difference of record 记录、资料setup 定置elevation ,height difference) 高差仪器site location error of closure in leveling 差合闭准定位水stake out 放样、定线平置、精平exact leveling 确、立桩symbol 仪（测点）准水level 符号、记号topographic detail 水level circuit 地形细部环合准闭topographic map 地形图尺垫准水level shoe◆原形观测观测仪器和设施线路准水line of level {Instrumentationand Facilities）国national geodetic vertical datum 家大地高air-entraining meter 面准基程掺气剂2Carlson-type piezometer 卡尔逊式渗压计component 零部件coordinator 坐标仪concrete strain meter 砼应变计damping box 阻尼角convergent point 收敛测点differential resistance direct plumb line 正垂线差动电阻double layer rubber sleeve earth pressure cell 土压力盒双层保护forced centering plate 强制embankment piezometer 坝体渗压计对中盘instrument lead 仪器电堤应变计缆embankment strain meterinvar wire 铟瓦丝extended wire 引张线metal ring 计金属环foundation piezometer 基础渗压plumb coordinate meter horizontal inclinometer 水平测斜仪垂线坐标仪pulley 滑轮hydraulic instrument 水力学仪器regulator 调节器水听器hydrophoneriser 立管inclinometer casing 测斜管sensor interface joint meter 界面变位传感器计spool inverted plumb line 倒垂线绕轴steel socket 钢micro piezometer 微压计底座tablet 多点位移计药片multiple position extensometertensioning weight 张拉重锤observation point 观测标点thermistor 热敏电observation well 观测井阻tip 测头视optical alignment line 准线安装过程（Procession of Installation）plate strain meter 钢板计assemble 组装pneumatic piezometer 气压式渗压计couple 连接脉动压力pressure fluctuation meter 计prestressed tendon anchorage 埋设embed安装install 索dynamometer 预应力锚测力计绝缘insulate rock bolt extensometer 锚杆测力计维护计single point extensometer 单点位移maintenancespiral sensor 测扭仪监测monitor测压standpipe 管仪器保护protection of instrumentation归纳reduce 强震仪strong-motion seismograghsurface monument 表密封seal 面标点拼接temperature sensor 温度传感器splice提供终端房terminal house supplyterminal station 终端站测试testInformation资料（倾角tilt meter 计）简图计时均压力time average pressure cell assemble schematic 装配合格证书总压力盒total pressure cell certificate书说计velometer 流速使用明descriptionvertical inclinometer 垂直测斜仪维护指南maintenace guideline书震旋式渗压vibrating wire piezometer 计manual 说明振旋式沉降vibrating wire settlement sensor 理工作原operating principle作仪范围operating restraint 操序procedure 水堰量的带微压weir with micro piezometer 计程程基点工作working base point 序分trouble shooting procedure 鼓掌析zerostress-strain meter 其他（Others）计砼无应力间）Acessories and Spare Parts附件及配件（行annular space 环空coil data acquisition 盘绕数据采集 3cement mark(strength of cement /cement 数据记录data recordinggrade) 水泥标号leas drilling hole 引线孔consumptive use of water normal consistance 永久记录permanent record标准稠度用水readout device 读数设备量degree of mobilization 流动性saturated 饱和的dissolution heat ( solution heat ) 溶解热seepage isolation dike 截渗堤final set trapezoidal 梯形终凝flexural strength 抗弯强度◆水工常规试验flyash 粉煤灰砼原材料试验（Test of Raw and Processedhydration heat 水化热Material of Concrete）initial set Aggregate）初凝骨料（abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler loss on ignition(ignition loss) 烧矢量setting time 凝结时量间洛杉机磨耗silica fume 计accumulated retained percentage 累筛余百硅粉soundness 水泥的安定性分率specific surface area 比表acicular and flaky grain in aggregate 针状与面积specific heat 量片状颗粒含比热water demand ratio 吸水alkali-aggregate reaction 碱骨料反应量比外加剂（Admixture）视密度apparent densitybubble stability 泡沫稳定性bulk density (unity weight) 容重clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate bubbling ability 起泡能力chloride content 氯化物含量块及易碎颗粒含土量黏compressive strength rate 抗压强度比软化系数coefficient of softeningcontract with dry rate crush index 压碎指标干缩率dispersing coefficient 干燥状态dry state 分散系数dispersing ability of waterexceeding and inferior grain in-reducing agent 减水剂aggregate 超逊径颗粒含量分散能力loss of slump 塌落度损失细度模数fineness modulussulphate content 硫酸盐含空隙率量gaping place ratesolid content 分计grader retained percentage 筛余百固体含分率量surface tension 颗粒级grain composition 配表面张力water-reducing rate 减水率粒径grain size水（Water）量lightweight matter in aggregate 轻物质含alkalinity 碱度量云母含mica contentcalcion 含水率钙离子moisture content(water rate)carbonic acid mud content 钙酸含泥量chlorion 有机质含organic content 量氯离子equivalent concentration 骨料潜在活性potential reactivity of aggregate 当量浓度oxygen consumption saturation 饱和的耗氧量normal solution (standard 曲线筛sieving curve 分solution) 量soft grain in aggregate 软弱骨料含标准溶液PH value PH坚固性值soundnesswater analysis 水值面含水率表surface moisture content 分析砼（水溶性硫化物water-soluble sulphide Concrete）砼拌和物（水硬性胶凝材料Mixture(Hydraulicity cementitious ）material) assurance strength of concrete 砼保证强度bleeding rate age 泌水率龄期4cement-sand ration 灰砂比砂浆（Cement）cement lime mortar 标号水泥石灰砂浆design strength of concrete 砼设计cement mortar 水泥砂浆flowability of concrete 砼的流动性cement-clay mortar 水泥黏土mix proportion (proportion of mixture) 砼配合砂浆epoxy mortar 环氧砂浆比lime mortar 石灰砂浆mixture uniformity 拌和物的均匀性plastering mortar 抹面砂浆penetration-obstruction method 贯入阻力法pointing joint mortar probability of ensuring strength of concrete 砼勾缝砂浆土（Soil强度保证率）accumulation curve (cumulative curve) 累砂率sand rate 计曲线单位用水量unit consumption of wateractivity index 活性指标water retention (water retentiveness) 保水性angle of frictionwater-cement ratio 摩擦角水灰比Atterberg limits(water content as limit) Hardened concrete 阿）硬化砼（太堡界限（界限含水量axial tensile strength 轴向抗拉强度）California bearing ratio 导热系数载重比coefficient of thermal conductivitycoarse-grained soil cooling rate 冷却率粗粒土coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数砼芯样core of concretecoefficient of cubical徐变变creep deformation (time deformation )compressibility 体积压缩系数形coefficient of curvature 曲率系数form coefficient(form factor) 形状系数compression 压缩freezing -melting circulation 冻融循环compression index frost-resistance mark 抗冻标号压缩指数compression modulus 压缩模数砼热学性能heat property of concreteconsolidated-undrained (quick) shear test height-diameter ration 高径比固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数consolidated-drained (slow) shear test loss of weight 重量损失固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验自振频率natural frequencyconsolidation 固结permeate 渗透consolidation coefficient 透permeated height 渗高度固结系数consolidation settlement 固结沉降permeated-resisting mark 抗渗标号consolidation stress 系固结应力透relative coefficient of permeability 相对渗continuous grading/gradation 连接级配数contraction test(shrinkage test) 收缩试验振频率共resonance frequencycore cutter method sample 试环刀法件creep curve self-grown volume deformation（砼）蠕变曲线自生体积critical slope 变形逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy's law 达西定律劈裂抗拉强度splitting tensile strengthdegree of consolidation 固结度static compressive modulus of elasticity 静力degree of free swelling 自由膨胀率抗压弹数direct shear test 导温系数直接剪切试验temperature conductivitydirect shear test of reiteration 反复直剪强度试抗拉弹性模tensile modulus of elasticity 量验绝热温升thermal insulation warmingdistribution curve 分极限拉应变ultimate tensile strain 布曲线drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow) 极限抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength 流土effective angle of inner friction 有效内摩擦角磨损率wear rateeffective strength envelope 有效强度抗冲磨强度wear-resisting strength 包线5expansion force 膨胀力剪（快剪）试验variable head method 变水头法expansion ration(specific expansion) 膨胀率void(pore) ratio 孔隙比渗流filtering flow(seepage flow)water replacement method 灌水法fine-grained soil 细粒土wet density 湿密度flow net(drift net) 流网其它建筑材料hydraulic slope 水力坡降钢筋（steel hydrometer method 比重计法）bending and unbending 反常水头法复弯曲hydrostatic head methodcold bending test 冷弯试验limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态elongation test 拉伸试验liquefaction 液化nominal diameter 公称直径liquid limit 液限ratio of elongation liquidity index 液化指标伸长率relaxation test maximum dry density 最大干密度松弛试验steel strand 钢绞线method of sieving 筛分法tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服强度Mohr's stress circle 莫力应力圆ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度库伦破坏Mohr-coulomb failure criteria 莫尔-Wood）准则木材（curshing strength paralled to the normal stress 法向应力（正应力）oedometer curve 顺纹抗压强度grain 压缩曲线tensile strength paralled to the 量optimum moisture content 最优含水顺纹抗拉强度涌piping 管graincrushing strength across th e plastic limit 塑限横纹抗压强度grain plasticity index 塑性指标tensile strength across to the 空隙水压力pore water pressure空隙率porosity 横纹抗拉强度grainprincipal stress 主）沥青（应力Asphalt脆化点试验Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验brittle temperature test相对密度relative density 延伸度试验expansion testsand replacement method 灌砂法针入式试验penetration testsaturability (saturation degree/percent 软化点试验softening point testtest of aging saturation) 饱和度老化试验viscosity test 饱和容重saturated unit weight 粘滞性试验Quality Management透seepage deformation 渗变形）质量管理（average 力渗seepage force(seepage pressure) 透平均值deviation standard(error of mean 透渗seepage line 线均方差squares) 速度渗seepage speed 透deviationcoefficient(dispersion shear stress 切向应力（剪应力）离差系数缩限shrinkage limit coefficient)断级间skip(gap/jump) grading 配相关系数index of correlation土specific gravity of soil particle 粒比重界限management limit 管理steady seepage field 统计数稳定渗流场mathematic statistics 理maximum 应力路径stress path 最大值值minimum 最线包总强度total strength envelope 小布三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test 正态分normal distributionunconfined compression strength 保证量quality assurance 无侧限抗压质量强度检测质quality examinationunconsolidated undrained test regression curve 不固结不排水回归曲线 6relative dampness 相对湿度mud crack 泥痕rain print 雨痕本容量sample capacity 样orientation of bedrock 岩层产状sampling frequency 取样频率strike specimen 样品走向dip 倾向统计分析statistical analysisangle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角technical specification 技术规范fold technical standard 褶皱技术标准anticline testing circumstance 试验环境背斜syncline 向斜testing error 试验误差Monocline (homocline) 单斜testing regulation 试验规程dome 穹隆析variance analysis 方差分soft stratum ◆地质(Geology)软弱岩层zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎带地质年代（Geochronology of Geologicaffected zone Ages）影响带platy structure 板状构造Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）解理cleavage Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）fracture(rupture) 断裂古生代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem)fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界））岩石类型（Rock typeCenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）岩石学petrology Sinian period (system) 震旦纪（系）岩igneous rock 火成寒武纪（系）Cambrian period (system)Ordovician period (system) 奥陶纪（系）岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩lava(vocanic rock) 志留纪（系）Silurian period (system)侵入岩intrusive (invade) rock Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）成石碳纪（系）Carboniferous period (system) 岩effusive rock 深成岩pypabussal rock 二叠纪（系）Permian period (system) 浅三叠纪（系）acid rock 酸性岩Triassic period (system) 侏罗纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）第Tertiary period (system) 三纪（系）超基性岩ultrabasic rock第Quaternary period (system) 四纪（系）花岗岩granite斑岩Geologic Structural地质构造（）porphyryrhyolite 玢岩断层faultsyenite normal fault 正断层流纹岩逆断层reversed fault trachyte 粗面岩diorite parallel fault 平移断层闪长岩andesite 安山岩断层泥gouge擦痕stria 辉长岩gabbrojoint 理节玄武岩basaltprimary joint 理原生节细晶岩aplitesecondary joint 理次生节pegmatite 伟晶岩tension joint lamprophyre 煌斑岩理张节diabase 理卸荷节unloading joint 辉绿岩理片schistosity 橄榄岩dunite理层bedding pumice 浮岩）理（叶理板foliation 沉积岩sedimentary rock波痕ripple mark clastic rock 碎屑岩7clay rock 黏土岩quartz 石英topaz 黄玉chemical rock 化学岩corundum 刚玉biolith 生物岩diamand 金刚石砾岩conglomerateorthoclase 正长石siltstone 粉砂岩plagloclase 斜长石mudstone 泥岩biotite shale 页岩黑云母muscovite saline rock 盐岩白云母amphibole 角闪石limestone 石灰岩phroxene 辉石白云岩dolomiteolivine marl 泥灰岩橄榄石dolomite 白云石volcanic breccia 火山角砾岩kaolinite 高岭石火山块集岩volcanic agglomeratemontmorillonite 蒙脱石tuff 凝灰岩膨润土bentonite metamorphic rock 变质岩斑脱石、illite 板岩slate 伊力石garnet 石榴子石phyllite 千枚岩chlorite 绿泥石schist 片岩serpentine 蛇纹石gneiss 片麻岩pyrite 岩黄铁矿石quartzite 英marble 大理岩hematite 赤铁矿糜棱岩magnetite 磁铁矿mylonitemigmatite 混褐铁矿limonite 合岩）工程地质（cataclasite 碎裂岩Engineering Geology 技土工eotechnics ( geotechnique) 土工学（sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）G）岩石工程术、漂石boulder 、顽石cobble 卵石岩石力学rock mechanics砾石gravel 力学soil mechanics 土岩石力学地质力学sand 砂、geomechanics engineering geological 粉siltstone 土clay 黏土地质条件conditons 工程砂质黏sandy clay 土问题engineering geological problem 工程地质clayey sand 岩体结构粘质砂土rock mass structure地形黏壤sandy loam 土、亚土geographic and geomorphic conditions土、表土浮regolith ( topsoil ) 地貌条件物理黄loess 土地质现象geophysical phenomenon 土红laterite 水文地质条件hydrogeological conditionsnatural materials 泥炭peat 天然材料海泥、ooze 软泥水库reservoir沉降Rock-forming 造岩矿物（settlement位移Minerals）displacementdeformation 变形滑石talctectonic stress 石膏gypsum 构造应力残余应力residual stress 方解石calcite内摩擦角萤石fluorite angle of internal friction凝聚力）磷灰石apatite 、cohesion 内聚力（粘聚力feldspar pressure tunnel 长石压力隧洞8underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室alluvium 冲积物（层）proluvium(diluvium) 洪积物（层）overburden 覆盖物deluvium 坡积物（层）bed rock(base rock/foundation rock) 基岩eluvium 残积物（层）firm/sound rock 坚硬岩石eolian deposit weak/soft rock 软弱岩石风积物（层）lake deposit 湖积物（层）interbed 夹层marine deposit 海积物（层）zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎带glacial (drift) deposit 冰川沉积物（层）homogeneity 均质性colluvial deposit (colluvium)nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均质性崩积物（层）isotropy 各向同性cross-bedding 交错层geologic structure 地质构造anisotropy 各向异性geotectonics 矿物质的物理性质(Physical Character of 大地构造学graben Minerals)地堑horst 地垒hardness 硬度cordance(conformity) 整合光泽lusterdiscordance(unconformity) color 颜色非整合deceptive cordance /conformity 假整合transparencey/pellucidity 透明度地质作用(Physical Geology Action) 条痕streakweathering 风化rent/fracture 断口erosion 侵蚀crystal form 晶形transportation 搬运(Petrology) 岩石学deposition/sediment 类沉积classification 分denudation structure 构造应力剥蚀corrasion 磨蚀texture 结构corrosion fabric 腐蚀组构dissolution 成mineral composition 矿物组溶蚀landslide 滑坡crystalline 结晶质collapse(rock fall) 崩塌非晶质amorphous substance mud flow fossil 化石泥石流earthquake 地震磨圆度degree of roundingintensity 烈度degree of grains 粒度magnitude 震级(Stratum andPhysiognomy) 地层地貌◆水文盆地basin (Hydrology)ground water(subsurface water) 地下水river valley 河谷surface water 地表水河床river bedatmospheric water 地形topography 大气水runoff terrain 径流地势fresh /plain /sweet water attitude 产状淡水river flow/discharge rock base ( batholite) 河水流量岩基peak flood flow 洪峰流量rock stock 岩株flood out flow 岩流rock flow 洪水下泄流量dry season rock loccolith 岩盖枯水季wet season 丰水季岩盆rock lopolithflood (raining) season 岩墙rock dike 汛期non-flood season 岩床rock sill 非汛期5% frequency flood 20 年一遇洪水vein dyke 岩脉flood control 沉积物（层）sediment(deposit) 防汛9（二）工程施工.机电类trunion beam 支饺梁dogging beam 锁定梁◆金属结构（Hydromechanical work)启闭机（Hoist）闸门(Gate)wire rope hoist 固定卷扬式启闭机工作门service gatehydraulic hoist emergency gate 事故门液压启闭机monorail hoist 单轨启闭机maintenance gate 检修门overhead crane 桥机sector gate 弧形闸门bridge crane 偏心铰闸门桥机eccentric hinge sector gatesupport frame 机架plane gate 平面闸门reducer 减速器fixed wheel plane gate 定轮平面闸门motor 电动机trashrack 拦污栅pulley 滑轮trash rake 清污机live pulley ）动滑轮预埋件（Embedded Partsfixed pulley 底sill 砍定滑轮equalizer pulley 平衡滑轮main guide 主轨drum 卷筒副轨auxiliary guidesteel wire rope 钢丝绳reverse guide 反轨position sensor 高度传感器side guide 侧轨load sensor 荷载传感器lintel 门楣brake 制动器steel liner 钢衬hydraulic system 液压系统高压冲水管high pressure water pipeoil cylinder 油缸pressure balance water pipe 冲水水平管piston rod 活塞杆）部件（组件/Assembly/partspump station gate leaf 门泵站叶oil tank 邮箱crank 拐臂pipe 管道arm 支撑filter seal 水封过滤器accumulator 蓄能器主main seal 水封valve 阀侧水封side seallogic valve top seal 顶水封逻辑阀check valve 单向阀底bottom seal 水封ball valve 球阀节流器水封辅auxiliary seal 助、cartridge valve 插装阀clip plate 压板solenoid operated directional slide block 滑块valve 电磁换向阀side slide block 侧向滑块门式起重机（Grantry Crane）反reverse slide block 向滑块rail 轨道定轮fixed wheellifting mechanism 起升机构轮主main wheeltraveling mechanism 运行机构side wheel 侧轮inspection trolley 重配ballast 检修小车gantry 吊耳lifting ear 门架support column 拉杆门腿lifting linkprimary beam 主梁支饺trunionbridge beam 横梁铰链hingecross beam 端梁饺座hinged supportside beam 铰轴hinged shaft 边梁lifting beam 端盖cover 起吊梁10hook 吊狗progressively 逐渐地purity 纯度buffer 缓冲装置push 推rail clamping device 夹轨器reliable driving wheel 主动轮可靠的residual oil 余油driven wheel 从动轮retraction 回缩其他（Others）run abnormal vibration 反常运行震动secure activate 激活保护separately or simultaneously 单独/anti-clockwise 逆时针同时地set up anticorrosion 防腐架设setting 设置/carry on 继续进行读数shim 行薄垫片执carry outslack 松弛clockwise 顺时针static loading test 静载试验试运行commissioningstill water 静水concentricity deviation 同心度偏差switch off 切断connect 连接synchronize 同步debris 碎片tighten de-energize 拧紧断电under water head condition 探测水压作用条件下detectwet test dry test 无水试验有水试验◆焊接和无损检验（Welding and dynamic loading test 动载试验Nondestructive Testing）加电给energize ……焊接{erection 架立Welding）arc strike 引弧/伸展expansion 弧伤arc welding 扣紧电弧焊fastenautomatic welding fit 安装自动焊back gouging 背面清根flowing water 动水backing 垫板闭门gate closurebase metal gate opening 启门母材build-up welding 堆焊/补焊门位恢复gate position restorationbutt joint 空载试验对接接头idle testcarbon rode impact 碳棒碰撞complete fusion 完全融合in pressure balance condition 平压条件下……lift……into position 将起吊到位角接接头corner joint涂料焊条covered electrode 定位locate降下试件coupon lowerdirect current electrodemanual operation 手动操作直流电极接负noise 噪声negative(DCEN)direct current electrodenote 记录operating gap 直流电极接正运作空隙positive(DCEP)衬垫pack double welding 双面焊particle 微粒double-bevel groove weld 双斜边坡口焊缝执行perform 型坡口焊缝double-J groove weld 双面J型坡口焊缝双面精确定位position accurately Udouble-U groove weld型坡口焊缝精确的precise V double-Vee groove weld 双面/预置/预留pre-set 电极焊条electrode按下按钮press button electrode holder 焊钳11electrosgas welding 电气焊weldment 焊件无损检验（电渣焊Nondestructive Testing）electroslag weldingangled beam filler metal 填充金属斜射波back scatter 背散射fillet weld 角焊缝calibration block 校准试块full fillet weld 大填角焊缝cleaning agent flat welding 平焊清洗剂contact beam 接触波flux 焊剂couplaut 偶合剂药芯焊丝弧焊flux cored arc weldingcrimp 褶皱forehand welding 左焊法definition 清晰度摩擦焊friction weldingdelayed sweep full penetration weld 全融透焊缝延时扫描detergent 去污剂fusion 熔合developer 显像剂fusion line 熔合线double-wall viewing 双壁透照groove weld 坡口焊缝echo 回波heat affecter zone 热影响区eddy current examination 涡流检验横焊horizontal weldingemulsifier 乳化剂lap joint 搭接接头examination medium 检验介质machine welding 机器焊exposure 暴光manual welding 手工焊inage quality indicator overhead welding 象质显示器仰焊inspector 检验师oxyfuel gas cutting(OFC) 氧燃料气割liquid penetrants testing 渗液检验oxyfuel gas welding(OFW) 氧燃料气焊magnetic particle testing 磁粉检验partial penetration weld 非全融透焊缝mass spectrometer 质普仪焊道passnondestructive inspection peening 锤击无损探伤penetrameter 等离子弧焊透度计plasma arc weldingpenetrant plug weld 塞焊渗透剂radiographic testing 射线检验气孔porosityscan postheating 后热扫描scratch 焊后热处理postweld heat treatment 划痕search unit 探头preheating 预热single-wall viewing 电阻焊resistance welding 单壁透照sniffer seal weld 密封焊缝嗅探器straight beam 直射波缝焊seam weldingstreak 条纹半自动焊semi-automatic weldingultrasonic instrument 超声仪单斜边坡口焊缝single-bevel groove weldultrasonic testing 超声波检验型坡口焊缝J single-J groove weld 单面visual testing 目测、外观检验型坡口焊缝单面single-U groove weld Uwheel search unit 轮式探头V单面single-Vee groove weld 型坡口焊缝夹渣slag inclusion X-ray machine X-射线仪）点焊spot welding ◆水轮机（Hydraulic Turbine直坡口焊缝水轮机hydraulic turbine square groove weldreaction turbine 反击式水轮机埋弧焊submerged arc weldingimpulse turbine 冲击式水轮机定位焊tack welding混流式水轮机咬边undercut francis turbine立焊vertical welding axial turbine 轴流式水轮机焊道weld head prototype turbine 原型水轮机12rated head 额定水头inertia 惯性flywheel effect 飞轮效应effective head 有效水头time constant 时间常数net head 净水头mandoor 进入门maximal head 最大水头pit liner 最小水头机坑里衬minimal head elastic layer 弹性垫层spiral case 蜗壳turbine pit 机坑stay ring 座环feedback 反馈wicket gate 导叶main distributing valve main shaft 主轴主配压阀solenoid 主轴密封shaft seal 线圈relay 继电器coupling flange 连接法兰transfer function 传递函数runner 转轮◆runner crown 转轮上冠机械通用词汇abrasion performance 耐磨性runner band 转轮下环abrasion test 磨耗试验runner cone 转轮泄水锥accessory 附件、配件、零件runner blade/bucket 转轮叶片accuracy 准确性、精度head cover 顶盖anti-corrosion 抗蚀底环bottom ringbalance test 平衡试验discharge ring 基础环bearing 轴承draft tube 尾水管bearing box draft tube cone 尾水锥管轴承箱bearing bush 轴瓦、轴套尾水肘管draft tube elbowbearing carrier governor 调速器轴承座bearing collar 轴承环、推力头调速器柜governor cubicle/cabinetbearing cover 轴承盖oil pressure tank/vessel 压力油罐bearing journal 轴颈回油箱oil sump tankbend 弯头gate ring 控制环bend radius 弯曲半径distributor 导水机构bending strength shear pin 剪断销抗弯强度bolt 螺栓筒形阀ring gatebore 钻孔servomotor 接力器bore machine 效率efficiency 镗床brake valve output 出力制动阀by-pass 旁通流量dischargecallipers 卡尺sir admission system 补气系统cardan shaft 万向轴涡流检验vortexcast special tool 专用工具铸造characteristic test auxiliary equipment 特性试验辅助设备chock damper/absorber/cushion 减震器、阴尼器楔子、垫块clamp runout 卡头、夹板摆度clearing of fault 水击water hammer 故障排除clip 导轴承guide bearing 夹具、钳coat operation condition 运行工况涂层correction value 矫正值开度openingcottor pin 开口销空蚀cavitationcoupling flange 抗磨涂层erosion resistant coating 联结法兰damping device 负荷load 缓冲装置13deflection 挠度monkey wrench 活动扳手nail 钉子density 密度nipple 管接头derusting 除锈nut 螺母descale 除垢o-ring O 偏差形环deviationoperating condition 运行情况dial 刻度盘pretreatment 预处理dial gauge 千分尺process 流程、工艺distort 变形screw cap 螺帽dowel pin (setpin) 定位销spigot 偏心凸轮套管、止口eccentric camstroke 偏心销eccentric pin 行程valve 偏心、偏心率、偏心度阀门eccentricityelastic bearing 弹性轴承verticality 垂直度弹性变形elastic deformation washer 垫圈elastic limit 弹性极限楔子板wedgeElectrical Equipment 电气设备及元器件（◆facility 设备、设施）& Element Partsfactory assembly 工厂装配发电机generator 型钢fashioned ironfeed pipe 供水管电动机motor3-phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor female end 内止口field welding 现场焊缝三相鼠笼式电动机三相绕线式电动表面光洁度、精加工finish 3-phase wind asynchronous机fitting allowance 装配公差电枢motor armature fitting assembling 零件装配fitting face 配合面电刷brush线圈、绕组coil 法兰flangeflatness 平整度energizing coil 励磁线圈stator 缺陷flaw 定子stator core 定子铁芯flexibility 挠性、柔性forge stator winding 定子绕组锻造foundation 基础rotator 转子transformer 变压器摩擦friction隔离变压器isolating transformer gauge 规、计、表互感器齿轮gear mutual inductor globe valve 球阀电流互感器current transformer(CT)grade 电压互感器potential transformer(PT) 等级hardness 硬度高压电器high-voltage equipment热处理heat treatment breaker 断路器interface 分界面、接触面、接口isolating switch 隔离开关bushing 接头、接缝、连接、焊接joint套管结合面、接缝面joint face 绝缘子insulator 润滑剂、润滑材料lubricant 悬式绝缘子suspended insulatorlubrication circuit 润滑管道column-type insulator 支柱绝缘子lubrication oil 润滑油reactor 电抗器电容器机加工machine capacitorlightning rod 机床machine tool 避雷针（器）外止口male end low-voltage electric appliance 低压电器14knife switch 刀开关wiring terminal 接线端子terminal block 接线板、接线盒fuse 熔断器illuminator 照明automatic switch 自动开关lamp 灯contactor 接触器lightning distribution box(board) 触点照明配电箱contact constant close contact 常闭触点screw socket 螺口灯头fluorescence lamp 常开触点日光灯constant open contactbuld 灯泡starter 启动器socket 插座overtravel-limit switch 行程开关grounding 接地changeover switch 转换开关grounding resistance 接地电阻controller 控制器grounding switch 接地开关resistor 电阻器ground connector light resistor 光敏电阻接地体galvanized flat steel 变阻器镀锌扁钢varistorground wire 电磁铁electromagnet 接地线working grounding 母线工作接地busprotection grounding bare bus bar 裸母线保护接地others 其他cable 电缆master switch power cable 电力电缆主令开关induction coil 感应线圈control cable 控制电缆magnetic coil 电磁线圈armored cable 铠装电缆stabilizator 稳压器cab-type cable 橡皮绝缘软电缆bell 电铃电缆夹cable clampIPC cable connector 电缆接头共控机local control unit (LCU) 现地控制单元cable core 电缆芯programmable logic电缆卷筒cable drumcontroller(PLC) 可编程控制器电缆挂钩cable hangerprogrammer 编程器cable rack 电缆架motor valve 电缆终端cable terminal end 电动阀electromagnetic valve 电磁阀H cable 屏蔽电缆◆电气通用词汇裸线bare wirealternation current(AC) 交流电ammeter 电流表allowed value 容许值欧姆表ohmmeter ampere voltmeter 电压表安培automatic operation 电度表kilowatt-hour meter 自动操作bridge megger 兆欧表电桥cabling diagram 继电器relay 电缆连接图capacity of storage battery over current relay 过流继电器蓄电池容量欠流继电器under current relay charging 充电time relay (timer) 时间继电器charging current 充电电流thermal relay 闭合热继电器closeshortdown relay 常闭触点constant close contact 断路继电器constant open contact 蓄电池battery 常开触点battery charger 蓄电池充电器control circuit 控制电路盘屏pannel 电流强度current intensitydirect current (DC) 配电盘swithboard 直流电分线（配电）盒distributing cabinetde-energise (deenergize) 切断、断电15dynamic test 动态试验transient current 瞬时电流transient voltage 瞬时电压electric arc 电弧volt 伏（特）electric leakage 漏电voltage 电压flash test 高压闪络试验wiring scheme generator active power 发电机有功功率接线图withstand voltage test 耐压试验发电机效率generator efficiency◆计算机监控系统（generator reactive power 发电机无功功率Computer Supervisoryinput 输入（量）and Control System）A/D converter 绝缘涂层模数变换器insulating coatinganalog control loop 模拟控制回路insulation grade 绝缘等级automatic-restoration 自恢复insulation test 绝缘试验automatic element 自动化元件interlocker(interlocking) 联锁装置block diagram 方框图kilowatt-hour 千瓦小时、度coaxial cable 同轴电缆leakage protection 漏电保护command 指令line-to-line short circuit 线间短路communication 通信malfunction 误动作compatibility manual operation 手动操作兼容性console 控制台megohm 兆欧current transducer 电流变送器mis-operation 误操作cursor （显示器）光标欧姆ohmD/A converter 数模变换器outlet 引出线、电源插座data bus 数据总线outlet box 引出盒、接线盒database 输出线路数据库outlet linedigital signal 输出量output 数字信号digital screen 显示屏overcurrent protection 电流过载保护electric quantity transducer 电量变送器并联电路parallel circuiteletromagnetic interference power factor 功率因数电磁干扰fiber optic cable 光纤电缆电源power supplyfloppy disk 一次电路软盘primary circuitflowchart rated current 额定电流流程图。
水利英语词汇
水利英语词汇一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0’ domain for effective stressesσ1 ‘andσ2’9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as apseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘andσ2’denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight 湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
水利工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
水利工程专业英语词汇(整理版) 1. 工程与建筑（Engineering and Construction）- 水利工程：Water conservancy engineering- 水资源：Water resources- 水文学：Hydrology- 水文数据：Hydrological data- 水资源管理：Water resources management- 水库：Reservoir- 水库调度：Reservoir operation- 水坝：Dam- 防洪工程：Flood control engineering- 排水系统：Drainage system- 供水系统：Water supply system- 灌溉系统：Irrigation system- 泥沙运移：Sediment transport- 土壤侵蚀：Soil erosion2. 水文测量（Hydrometry）- 流量：Discharge- 水位：Water level- 降雨量：Rainfall- 蒸发量：Evaporation- 蓄水量：Storage capacity- 波浪：Wave- 水流速度：Water flow velocity- 水质监测：Water quality monitoring- 数据采集：Data collection- 自动化监测：Automated monitoring- 水文站：Hydrological station- 抽水站：Pumping station- 测站布点：Site selection for monitoring stations 3. 水利设施（Hydraulic Structures）- 输水渠道：Conduit- 闸门：Sluice gate- 溢流堰：Overflow weir- 涵洞：Culvert- 泵站：Pumping station- 水闸：Watergate- 脉动：Pulsation- 型流：Uniform flow- 示宽曲线：Rating curve- 水头：Water head- 消能：Energy dissipation- 喷泉：Fountain4. 水资源可持续利用（Sustainable Water Resource Utilization）- 水资源保护：Water resource conservation- 水资源评估：Water resource assessment- 水资源规划：Water resource planning- 水资源经济学：Water resource economics- 水资源法律法规：Water resource laws and regulations- 水资源政策：Water resource policies- 水资源分配：Water resource allocation- 水资源效率：Water resource efficiency- 水价：Water price- 水治理：Water governance- 水污染防治：Water pollution prevention and control以上列举了一些常见的水利工程专业英语词汇，希望对您有所帮助。
水利方面词汇
水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙land wall 齿墙cut-off trench 刺墙key-wall 防浪墙wave wall 混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall 胸墙breast wall 导墙lead wall 隔墙partition wall 挡墙retaining wall 翼墙wing wall 胸墙breast wall parapet 栏杆, 低墙, 扶手, 胸墙坝顶dam crest ，dam top 坝踵dam heel 坝趾dam toe 板桩sheet pile 边墩side pier ，land pier 变形模量deformation modulus 鼻坎bucket lip 毕肖普法Bishop method 剥离desquamation 侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway 断层fault 沉降settlement 冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice 纯拱法independent arch method 单宽流量discharge per unit width 挡潮闸tidal sluice 导流隧洞river diversion tunnel 倒悬度Overhang degree 底流消能energy dissipation by underflow 地震作用earthquake action 垫座cushion abutment 动水压力hydrodynamic pressure 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 浪压力wave force 冰压力ice pressure 泥沙压力silt pressure 扬压力uplift 大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思支墩坝buttress dam堆石坝rock-fill dam 平板坝flat slab buttress dam 橡胶坝rubber dam 均质坝homogeneous earth dam 拱坝arch dam 连拱坝multiple-arch dam 单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam 双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam 重力坝gravity dam 宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam 空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam 土石坝earth-rock dam 土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core 软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam 人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam 碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam 混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam 浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam 浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam 溢流坝overflow dam 、整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam 多拱梁法multi-arch beam method 拱冠梁crown cantilever 拱冠粱法crown cantilever method 阀门valve gate 防渗铺盖impervious blanket 非常溢洪道emergency spillway 分洪闸flood diversion sluice 副坝auxiliary dam 刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block 工作桥service bridge 管涌piping 化学管涌chemical piping 海漫apron extension 横缝transverse joint 虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway 蝴蝶阀butterfly valve 护坡slope protection 护坦apron 弧形闸门radial gate 滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway基本断面primary section 简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method 交通桥traffic bridge 接触冲刷contact scouring grouting 灌浆接触灌浆contact grouting 接缝灌浆joint grouting 帷幕灌浆curtain grouting Grout - 浆液灌浆Packer Test -压水试验Lugeon 值是帷幕灌浆的主要参数固结灌浆consolidation grouting 灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel 灌浆帷幕grout curtain 截水槽cut-off trench 节制闸check sluice 进水口water inlet 进水闸inlet sluice 井式溢洪道shaft spillway 抗滑稳定分析analysis of stabilityagainst sliding 抗滑稳定性stability against sliding 空化cavitation 空蚀cavitation erosion 空注阀hollow jet valve 宽尾墩flaring pier 廊道gallery理论计算theoretical computation 拦河闸river sluice 沥青混凝土asphalt concrete 流土soil flow 流网法flow net method 锚杆anchor rod 面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow 模型试验model experiment 牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel 排水drainage 排水闸outlet sluice 喷混凝土sprayed concrete 平面闸门plane gate 破碎带crushed zone [地质] 破碎带shuttered zone 铺盖blanket 砌石护坡stone pitching溶洞solution cavern 软弱夹层soft intercalated layer 实用断面practical section 试载法trial-load method 水工建筑物hydraulic structure 水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel ，waterway tunnel 水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel 水利枢纽hydro-complex 水力学方法hydraulics method 水平施工缝horizontal joint 水闸sluice 弹性模量elastic modulus 挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet 土工膜geomembrane 温度荷载temperature load 温度控制temperature control 温度应力temperature stress 温度作用temperature action 无压隧洞free level tunnel 消力池stilling pool 消力戽roller bucket 消能工energy dissipater 泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel 泄水建筑物discharge structure 泄水孔outlet hole 新奥法NATM( New Austrian Tunneling Method ) 溢洪道spillway 水垫塘plunge pool 应力分析stress analysis 优化设计optimization design 有限单元法finite element method 有压隧洞pressure tunnel 闸墩pier 闸门gate 闸门槽gate slot 正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway 趾板toe slab 重力墩gravity abutment 周边缝peripheral joint 驻波standing wave 锥形阀cone valve 自由跌流free drop 自重dead weight 纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key trench 伸缩缝contraction joint 施工缝construction joint 反弧段flip bucket 拦污栅trash rack 渐变段transition 泄槽chute 发电进水口power intake 通气管air vent 检修门bulkhead gate 事故门emergency gate 工作门service gate 堰weir 通气管air vent 梁beam 柱column 回填混凝土backfill concrete 接地earth 一期混凝土primary concrete 二期混凝土secondary concrete 叠梁门stoplog 门机gantry crane 止水waterstop 钢筋reinforcement 模板formwork 围堰cofferdam 马道bench；berm 蜗壳volute 水轮机turbine 电站power house 车间workshop 发电机generator 变电站transformer station 副厂房auxiliary room 主厂房Power house 安装间erection bay 尾水闸门tail lock 尾水渠tailrace 引水渠approach channel 前池forebay 回填混凝土backfill concrete 港口harbour 港口建筑物port structure 船闸navigation lock 船闸充水lock filling 船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and emptying system 船闸前池upper pool 船闸上下游水位差lock lift 船闸闸首lock head 升船机ship elevator ；ship lift 鱼道fish canal 旁通管by-pass 齿槽cut-off wall 水利相关专业词汇生态开发整治工程ecologicalexploitation and regulation project 骨料分离Segregation 碎石Macadam 抹面用的刮板Screed南水北调south-to-north water diversion.南水北调工程divert water from the south to the north project 总规划面积the total planning area 干燥少雨dry and rainless 水系water system 断流discontinuous flow 沙化desertification 污染源pollution source 水源地waterhead area地下水开采量amount of groundwater mining 供水量service discharge 总体规划general planning 一期工程first phase of construction 总投资gross investment污水治理工程waste water treatment project 污水处理厂sewage treatment plant 排水管网network of drains 生态防护林ecological shelter forest 总面积gross area 两岸side banks 防洪工程flood control project 导流堤training wall 基础设施infrastructure 路网road net 防洪prevent or control flood 汊河anabranch 跌水drop 河道river course复式断面compound cross section 现浇混凝土on-site concrete 预制混凝土precast concrete 防渗结构seepage prevention 示意图schematic diagram 自然植被vegetation 绿化带green belt 湿地wetland/marsh Bulkhead Gate 检修门，预备门Emergency Gate 事故闸门，检修闸门Frame crane 龙门吊Frequency converter 变频机Parallel to the flow direction 顺水流方向Transverse to the flow direction 垂直水流方向SEZ special economic zone 经济特区Settlement 沉陷，沉降SE by E =southeast by east 东南偏东Supporting ring 支承环；垫环Setting retarder 缓凝剂Service gate 工作闸门Stoplog gate 叠梁门Submerged gate 水下闸门Self-collapsing gate 自溃闸门Draft tube gate 尾水闸门Backwater gate 挡潮闸门，防倒灌闸门8-tonne self propelled vibrating roller 8 吨振动碾a complete set of equipment 成套设备accumulation of stress 应力集中air-condition 空调alluvium [ 地]冲积层, 淤积层anti-abrasion concrete 耐磨混凝土as-built drawings 竣工图asphaltic 沥青bench 马道bid 出价，投标blasting cap 起爆雷管borehole 钻孔borrow 土料场catchment 集水区域closestool 马桶corbel-piece 牛腿cut-off wall 齿槽culvert 涵洞dam base width 大坝底宽elevation 立视图，高程free draining 自由穿流genset=generate set 发电机gevr=grout enriched vibratable rcc 变态混凝土ha. 公倾hand operated vibrating roller 手扶振动碾fire hydrant 消防栓fire fighting 消防inspect 监理invert slab 底板joint venture 联营体LIFT浇筑层mobile crane 汽车吊mortar 灰浆overhead 管理费rear elevation 后视图reservoir 水库, 蓄水池small backhoe 挖机soil nail 土锚钉sub-contractor 分包商switching station 开关站tipping trucks 自卸车truck with grout mixer and water tank 搅拌车Weathered 被风化的Release agent 脱模剂Segment gate 弧形闸门Overflow gate 溢流式闸门Overpour gate 顶溢式闸门Jet-flow gate 射流式闸门Minute - Minute of Progress Meeting 会议纪要Claim - 索赔、进度付款(Progressive claim) Contigency - 不可预见费Lump Sum - 总价，与单价项目对应Truss 桁架Client - 业主，有时用Employer 很少Consultant - 一般为设计咨询, Advisor 比Consultant 更高一级的咨询Supervisor - 监理人员fault - 断层Bench - 马道，有用berm 的Rebar 指螺纹钢筋而bar 统指钢筋Admixture 外加剂Additive 掺和料Workability 混凝土的和易性Binder of concret 胶凝材料Diversion Tunnel 导流洞Saddle Dam - 副坝Piping - 管涌倒虹吸- SiphonCulvert - 涵管Aqueduct - 渡槽Chainage - Residual Distanee （R.D.）桩号Grout mix - 混合浆液Take of grout - 吃（耗）浆量Setting - 混凝土凝固，养护-euringTest fill - 碾压试验Seepage - 渗透Failure against seepage - 渗透破坏Failure against sliding - 滑动破坏Abutment - 坝肩Foundation pit - 基坑Joint - 节理（地质），接缝（设计）Hose - 软（皮）管Embankment - 土坝。
水利水电工程专业英语英文词汇
strain meter 应变计temperature sensor 温度传感器terminal station 集线站其他（Others）check hole 检查孔compartment 灌区dense mix 浓浆foundation uplift 基础隆起grout hole 灌浆孔instrument hole 仪器孔primary/secondary and tertiary grout holes 一序、二序、三序灌浆孔spilt spacing 加密灌浆孔距waste mix 弃浆◆测量（Survey）测量方法及术语（Methods and Terms）adjust 校正、调整adjustment 平差allowance 容许误差backsight point 后视点basic point 基础点bench mark 水准点compass 罗盘chainage(station number) 桩号chain of triangulation 三角锁check 校核、对照control point 控制点coordinate point 坐标点datum 基础面datum point 基准点deviation 偏差easily identifiable point 容易识别点error 误差first order triangulation 一等三角测量geodetic 测量学的geodetic surveying 测量joint survey 联合测量known point 已知点level surface 水准面local triangulation networks 局部三角网national coordination system 国家坐标网observe 观测、监视point to be located 待定点position 定位、位置reconnaissance 选点、踏勘reference point 参考点second order triangulation 二等三角测量set out 放线、放样stake-line 测桩线state plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标系survey point 测点theoretical point 理论点traverse(polygon) 导线（测量）、横断error of traverse 导线闭合差lattice traverse 网格状导线long side traverse 长导线open traverse 非闭合导线short side traverse 短导线traverse closure 导线闭合traverse station 导线点traverse survey 导线测量triangulation 三角测量triangulation network 三角网triangulation of high order 高等级三角网triangulation point 三角点trilateration 三边测量vertical-control net 高程控制网wood pile 木桩角度测量（Angular Measure）azimuth 方位角bearing 方位、象限角buddle 气泡、水准器circle 度盘、圆盘circular bubble 圆水准器collimation axis 视准轴cross-line(cross-hair) 十字丝depression angle 俯角elevation angle 仰角eyepiece(ocular) 目镜field pole(staff) 标杆foot-screw 脚螺栓horizontal angle 水平角mark 标志（明）objective lens 物镜plumb(plummet) 铅垂、垂线sight 瞄准、观测target 目标、瞄准theodolite 经纬仪tranverse axis 横轴tripod 三脚架vertical angle 竖直角vertical axis 竖轴望远镜（Telescope）centering 对中face left 盘左face right 盘右focus 集中、焦点focusing 调焦index error 指标误差inverted position of telescope(reverse telescope)倒镜、盘右normal position of telescope(direct telescope)正镜、盘右optical plummet 光学垂准器round 测回set 套、组station 测站距离测量（Distance Measure）barometer 气压计base line(basic line/datum line) 基线battery 电池EDM(electromagnetic distance measurement) 电磁波测距filter 滤光片、滤波器laser alignment system 激光准直系统laser beam 激光束prism 棱镜range 测程、距离long range 远程medium range 中程short range 短程range finder 测距仪signal 信号spring balance 弹簧称tape 卷尺invar tape 铟瓦钢卷尺高程测量（Height Measurement）altitude/elevation 高程、海拔approximate leveling 近似置平、粗平automatic level 自动定平水准仪difference in altitude(difference of elevation ,height difference) 高差error of closure in leveling 水准闭合差exact leveling 精平、确置平level 水准仪（测点）level circuit 水准闭合环level shoe 水准尺垫line of level 水准线路national geodetic vertical datum 国家高程基准面reduced level 归化高差run back 返测run out 往测three-wire leveling 三丝法水准测量地形测量（Topographic Survey）boundary 边界、界线construction stake 施工标桩contour 等高线contour interval 等高距contouring 绘等高线contour-length method 等高线延长法contour line 等高线control network 控制网detail 细部、详图draw 绘图field 外业fix 固定、确定form line 地形图grid 格网information 注记、资料、情报marginal information 轮廓注记large-scale 大比例尺的latitude 纬度、围latitude circle 纬圈latitude line 纬线legend 图例location 定线、定位longitude 经度longitude line 经线map 地图、制图mapping 制图、测图、地质素描match line 拼接线monument 标石、石柱object 地物、目标plan 平面图、略图plot 绘图profile 断面（图）、纵剖图record 记录、资料setup 定置仪器site location 定位stake out 放样、定线、立桩symbol 符号、记号topographic detail 地形细部topographic map 地形图◆原形观测观测仪器和设施{Instrumentation and Facilities）air-entraining meter 掺气剂Carlson-type piezometer 卡尔逊式渗压计concrete strain meter 砼应变计convergent point 收敛测点direct plumb line 正垂线earth pressure cell 土压力盒embankment piezometer 坝体渗压计embankment strain meter 堤应变计extended wire 引线foundation piezometer 基础渗压计horizontal inclinometer 水平测斜仪hydraulic instrument 水力学仪器hydrophone 水听器inclinometer casing 测斜管interface joint meter 界面变位计inverted plumb line 倒垂线micro piezometer 微压计multiple position extensometer 多点位移计observation point 观测标点observation well 观测井optical alignment line 视准线plate strain meter 钢板计pneumatic piezometer 气压式渗压计pressure fluctuation meter 脉动压力计prestressed tendon anchorage dynamometer 预应力锚索测力计rock bolt extensometer 锚杆测力计single point extensometer 单点位移计spiral sensor 测扭仪standpipe 测压管strong-motion seismogragh 强震仪surface monument 表面标点temperature sensor 温度传感器terminal house 终端房terminal station 终端站tilt meter 倾角计time average pressure cell 时均压力计total pressure cell 总压力盒velometer 流速计vertical inclinometer 垂直测斜仪vibrating wire piezometer 震旋式渗压计vibrating wire settlement sensor 振旋式沉降仪weir with micro piezometer 带微压计的量水堰working base point 工作基点zero stress-strain meter 砼无应力计附件及配件（Acessories and Spare Parts）coil 盘绕component 零部件coordinator 坐标仪damping box 阻尼角differential resistance 差动电阻double layer rubber sleeve 双层保护forced centering plate 强制对中盘instrument lead 仪器电缆invar wire 铟瓦丝metal ring 金属环plumb coordinate meter 垂线坐标仪pulley 滑轮regulator 调节器riser 立管sensor 传感器spool 绕轴steel socket 钢底座tablet 药片tensioning weight 拉重锤thermistor 热敏电阻tip 测头安装过程（Procession of Installation）assemble 组装couple 连接embed 埋设install 安装insulate 绝缘maintenance 维护monitor 监测protection of instrumentation 仪器保护reduce 归纳seal 密封splice 拼接supply 提供test 测试资料（Information）assemble schematic 装配简图certificate 合格证书description 使用说明书maintenace guideline 维护指南manual 说明书operating principle 工作原理operating restraint 操作围procedure 程序trouble shooting procedure 鼓掌分析程序其他（Others）annular space 环行空间data acquisition 数据采集data recording 数据记录leas drilling hole 引线孔permanent record 永久记录readout device 读数设备saturated 饱和的seepage isolation dike 截渗堤trapezoidal 梯形◆水工常规试验砼原材料试验（Test of Raw and Processed Material of Concrete）骨料（Aggregate）abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler 洛杉机磨耗量accumulated retained percentage 累计筛余百分率acicular and flaky grain in aggregate 针状与片状颗粒含量alkali-aggregate reaction 碱骨料反应apparent density 视密度bulk density (unity weight) 容重clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate黏土块及易碎颗粒含量coefficient of softening 软化系数crush index 压碎指标dry state 干燥状态exceeding and inferior grain in aggregate 超逊径颗粒含量fineness modulus 细度模数gaping place rate 空隙率grader retained percentage 分计筛余百分率grain composition 颗粒级配grain size 粒径lightweight matter in aggregate 轻物质含量mica content 云母含量moisture content(water rate) 含水率mud content 含泥量organic content 有机质含量potential reactivity of aggregate 骨料潜在活性saturation 饱和的sieving curve 筛分曲线soft grain in aggregate 软弱骨料含量soundness 坚固性surface moisture content 表面含水率water-soluble sulphide 水溶性硫化物水硬性胶凝材料(Hydraulicity cementitious material)age 龄期cement mark(strength of cement /cement grade) 水泥标号consumptive use of water normal consistance 标准稠度用水量degree of mobilization 流动性dissolution heat ( solution heat ) 溶解热final set 终凝flexural strength 抗弯强度flyash 粉煤灰hydration heat 水化热initial set 初凝loss on ignition(ignition loss) 烧矢量setting time 凝结时间silica fume 硅粉soundness 水泥的安定性specific surface area 比表面积specific heat 比热water demand ratio 吸水量比外加剂（Admixture）bubble stability 泡沫稳定性bubbling ability 起泡能力chloride content 氯化物含量compressive strength rate 抗压强度比contract with dry rate 干缩率dispersing coefficient 分散系数dispersing ability of water-reducing agent 减水剂分散能力loss of slump 塌落度损失sulphate content 硫酸盐含量solid content 固体含量surface tension 表面力water-reducing rate 减水率水（Water）alkalinity 碱度calcion 钙离子carbonic acid 钙酸chlorion 氯离子equivalent concentration 当量浓度oxygen consumption 耗氧量normal solution (standardsolution) 标准溶液PH value PH值water analysis 水值分析砼（Concrete）砼拌和物（Mixture）assurance strength of concrete 砼保证强度bleeding rate 泌水率cement-sand ration 灰砂比design strength of concrete 砼设计标号flowability of concrete 砼的流动性mix proportion (proportion of mixture) 砼配合比mixture uniformity 拌和物的均匀性penetration-obstruction method 贯入阻力法probability of ensuring strength of concrete 砼强度保证率sand rate 砂率unit consumption of water 单位用水量water retention (water retentiveness) 保水性water-cement ratio 水灰比硬化砼（Hardened concrete）axial tensile strength 轴向抗拉强度coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数cooling rate 冷却率core of concrete 砼芯样creep deformation (time deformation ) 徐变变形form coefficient(form factor) 形状系数freezing -melting circulation 冻融循环frost-resistance mark 抗冻标号heat property of concrete 砼热学性能height-diameter ration 高径比linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数loss of weight 重量损失natural frequency 自振频率permeate 渗透permeated height 渗透高度permeated-resisting mark 抗渗标号relative coefficient of permeability 相对渗透系数resonance frequency 共振频率sample 试件self-grown volume deformation（砼）自生体积变形splitting tensile strength 劈裂抗拉强度static compressive modulus of elasticity 静力抗压弹数temperature conductivity 导温系数tensile modulus of elasticity 抗拉弹性模量thermal insulation warming 绝热温升ultimate tensile strain 极限拉应变ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度wear rate 磨损率wear-resisting strength 抗冲磨强度砂浆（Cement）cement lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement-clay mortar 水泥黏土砂浆epoxy mortar 环氧砂浆lime mortar 石灰砂浆plastering mortar 抹面砂浆pointing joint mortar 勾缝砂浆土（Soil）accumulation curve (cumulative curve) 累计曲线activity index 活性指标angle of friction 摩擦角Atterberg limits(water content as limit) 阿太堡界限（界限含水量）California bearing ratio 载重比coarse-grained soil 粗粒土coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of cubicalcompressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数compression 压缩compression index 压缩指数compression modulus 压缩模数consolidated-undrained (quick) shear test 固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验consolidated-drained (slow) shear test 固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验consolidation 固结consolidation coefficient 固结系数consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation stress 固结应力continuous grading/gradation 连接级配contraction test(shrinkage test) 收缩试验core cutter method 环刀法creep curve 蠕变曲线critical slope 逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy's law 达西定律degree of consolidation 固结度degree of free swelling 自由膨胀率direct shear test 直接剪切试验direct shear test of reiteration 反复直剪强度试验distribution curve 分布曲线drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow) 流土effective angle of inner friction 有效摩擦角effective strength envelope 有效强度包线expansion force 膨胀力expansion ration(specific expansion) 膨胀率filtering flow(seepage flow) 渗流fine-grained soil 细粒土flow net(drift net) 流网hydraulic slope 水力坡降hydrometer method 比重计法hydrostatic head method 常水头法limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态liquefaction 液化liquid limit 液限liquidity index 液化指标maximum dry density 最大干密度method of sieving 筛分法Mohr's stress circle 莫力应力圆Mohr-coulomb failure criteria 莫尔-库伦破坏准则normal stress 法向应力（正应力）oedometer curve 压缩曲线optimum moisture content 最优含水量piping 管涌plastic limit 塑限plasticity index 塑性指标pore water pressure 空隙水压力porosity 空隙率principal stress 主应力Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验relative density 相对密度sand replacement method 灌砂法saturability (saturation degree/percent saturation) 饱和度saturated unit weight 饱和容重seepage deformation 渗透变形seepage force(seepage pressure) 渗透力seepage line 渗透线seepage speed 渗透速度shear stress 切向应力（剪应力）shrinkage limit 缩限skip(gap/jump) grading 间断级配specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重steady seepage field 稳定渗流场stress path 应力路径total strength envelope 总强度包线triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验unconfined compression strength 无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated undrained test 不固结不排水剪（快剪）试验variable head method 变水头法void(pore) ratio 孔隙比water replacement method 灌水法wet density 湿密度其它建筑材料钢筋（steel ）bending and unbending 反复弯曲cold bending test 冷弯试验elongation test 拉伸试验nominal diameter 公称直径ratio of elongation 伸长率relaxation test 松弛试验steel strand 钢绞线tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服强度ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度木材（Wood）curshing strength paralled to the grain 顺纹抗压强度tensile strength paralled to thegrain 顺纹抗拉强度crushing strength across th egrain 横纹抗压强度tensile strength across to thegrain 横纹抗拉强度沥青（Asphalt）brittle temperature test 脆化点试验expansion test 延伸度试验penetration test 针入式试验softening point test 软化点试验test of aging 老化试验viscosity test 粘滞性试验质量管理（Quality Management）average 平均值deviation standard(error of mean squares) 均方差deviation coefficient(dispersion coefficient) 离差系数index of correlation 相关系数management limit 管理界限mathematic statistics 数理统计maximum 最大值minimum 最小值normal distribution 正态分布quality assurance 质量保证quality examination 质量检测regression curve 回归曲线relative dampness 相对湿度sample capacity 样本容量sampling frequency 取样频率specimen 样品statistical analysis 统计分析technical specification 技术规technical standard 技术标准testing circumstance 试验环境testing error 试验误差testing regulation 试验规程variance analysis 方差分析◆地质(Geology)地质年代（Geochronology of Geologic Ages）Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）Cenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）Sinian period (system) 震旦纪（系）Cambrian period (system) 寒武纪（系）Ordovician period (system) 奥纪（系）Silurian period (system) 志留纪（系）Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）Carboniferous period (system) 石碳纪（系）Permian period (system) 二叠纪（系）Triassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）Tertiary period (system) 第三纪（系）Quaternary period (system) 第四纪（系）地质构造（Geologic Structural）fault 断层normal fault 正断层reversed fault 逆断层parallel fault 平移断层gouge 断层泥stria 擦痕joint 节理primary joint 原生节理secondary joint 次生节理tension joint 节理unloading joint 卸荷节理schistosity 片理bedding 层理foliation 板理（叶理）ripple mark 波痕mud crack 泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock 岩层产状strike 走向dip 倾向angle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角fold 褶皱anticline 背斜syncline 向斜Monocline (homocline) 单斜dome 穹隆soft stratum 软弱岩层zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造cleavage 解理fracture(rupture) 断裂fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙岩石类型（Rock type）petrology 岩石学igneous rock 火成岩magmatic rock 岩浆岩lava(vocanic rock) 火山岩intrusive (invade) rock 侵入岩effusive rock 深成岩pypabussal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩inter-mediate rock 中性岩basic rock 基性岩ultrabasic rock 超基性岩granite 花岗岩porphyry 斑岩rhyolite 玢岩syenite 流纹岩trachyte 粗面岩diorite 闪长岩andesite 安山岩gabbro 辉长岩basalt 玄武岩aplite 细晶岩pegmatite 伟晶岩lamprophyre 煌斑岩diabase 辉绿岩dunite 橄榄岩pumice 浮岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩clastic rock 碎屑岩clay rock 黏土岩chemical rock 化学岩biolith 生物岩conglomerate 砾岩siltstone 粉砂岩mudstone 泥岩shale 页岩saline rock 盐岩limestone 石灰岩dolomite 白云岩marl 泥灰岩volcanic breccia 火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate 火山块集岩tuff 凝灰岩metamorphic rock 变质岩slate 板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss 片麻岩quartzite 石英岩marble 岩mylonite 糜棱岩migmatite 混合岩cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）boulder 漂石、顽石cobble 卵石gravel 砾石sand 砂siltstone 粉土clay 黏土sandy clay 砂质黏土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam 壤土、亚黏土regolith ( topsoil ) 浮土、表土loess 黄土laterite 红土peat 泥炭ooze 软泥、海泥造岩矿物（Rock-forming Minerals）talc 滑石gypsum 石膏calcite 方解石fluorite 萤石apatite 磷灰石feldspar 长石quartz 石英topaz 黄玉corundum 刚玉diamand 金刚石orthoclase 正长石plagloclase 斜长石biotite 黑云母muscovite 白云母amphibole 角闪石phroxene 辉石olivine 橄榄石dolomite 白云石kaolinite 高岭石montmorillonite 蒙脱石bentonite 斑脱石、膨润土illite 伊力石garnet 石榴子石chlorite 绿泥石serpentine 蛇纹石pyrite 黄铁矿hematite 赤铁矿magnetite 磁铁矿limonite 褐铁矿工程地质（Engineering Geology）G eotechnics ( geotechnique) 土工学（土工技术、岩石工程）rock mechanics 岩石力学soil mechanics 土力学geomechanics 地质力学、岩石力学engineering geologicalconditons 工程地质条件engineering geological problem 工程地质问题rock mass structure 岩体结构geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌条件geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions 水文地质条件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形tectonic stress 构造应力residual stress 残余应力angle of internal friction 摩擦角cohesion 聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressure tunnel 压力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物bed rock(base rock/foundation rock) 基岩firm/sound rock 坚硬岩石weak/soft rock 软弱岩石interbed 夹层zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎带homogeneity 均质性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均质性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性矿物质的物理性质(Physical Character of Minerals)hardness 硬度luster 光泽color 颜色transparencey/pellucidity 透明度streak 条痕rent/fracture 断口crystal form 晶形岩石学(Petrology)classification 分类structure 构造应力texture 结构fabric 组构mineral composition 矿物组成crystalline 结晶质amorphous substance 非晶质fossil 化石degree of rounding 磨圆度degree of grains 粒度地层地貌(Stratum andPhysiognomy) basin 盆地river valley 河谷river bed 河床topography 地形terrain 地势attitude 产状rock base ( batholite) 岩基rock stock 岩株rock flow 岩流rock loccolith 岩盖rock lopolith 岩盆rock dike 岩墙rock sill 岩床vein dyke 岩脉sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）alluvium 冲积物（层）proluvium(diluvium) 洪积物（层）deluvium 坡积物（层）eluvium 残积物（层）eolian deposit 风积物（层）lake deposit 湖积物（层）marine deposit 海积物（层）glacial (drift) deposit 冰川沉积物（层）colluvial deposit (colluvium) 崩积物（层）cross-bedding 交错层geologic structure 地质构造geotectonics 构造学graben 地堑horst 地垒cordance(conformity) 整合discordance(unconformity) 非整合deceptive cordance /conformity 假整合地质作用(Physical Geology Action) weathering 风化erosion 侵蚀transportation 搬运deposition/sediment 沉积denudation 剥蚀corrasion 磨蚀corrosion 腐蚀dissolution 溶蚀landslide 滑坡collapse(rock fall) 崩塌mud flow 泥石流earthquake 地震intensity 烈度magnitude 震级◆水文(Hydrology)ground water(subsurface water) 地下水surface water 地表水atmospheric water 大气水runoff 径流fresh /plain /sweet water 淡水river flow/discharge 河水流量peak flood flow 洪峰流量flood out flow 洪水下泄流量dry season 枯水季wet season 丰水季flood (raining) season 汛期non-flood season 非汛期5% frequency flood 20 年一遇洪水flood control 防汛（二）工程施工.机电类◆金属结构（Hydromechanical work)闸门(Gate)service gate 工作门emergency gate 事故门maintenance gate 检修门sector gate 弧形闸门eccentric hinge sector gate 偏心铰闸门plane gate 平面闸门fixed wheel plane gate 定轮平面闸门trashrack 拦污栅trash rake 清污机预埋件（Embedded Parts）sill 底砍main guide 主轨auxiliary guide 副轨reverse guide 反轨side guide 侧轨lintel 门楣steel liner 钢衬high pressure water pipe 高压冲水管pressure balance water pipe 冲水水平管组件/部件（Assembly/parts）gate leaf 门叶crank 拐臂arm 支撑seal 水封main seal 主水封side seal 侧水封top seal 顶水封bottom seal 底水封auxiliary seal 辅助水封、节流器clip plate 压板slide block 滑块side slide block 侧向滑块reverse slide block 反向滑块fixed wheel 定轮main wheel 主轮side wheel 侧轮ballast 配重lifting ear 吊耳lifting link 拉杆trunion 支饺hinge 铰链hinged support 饺座hinged shaft 铰轴cover 端盖trunion beam 支饺梁dogging beam 锁定梁启闭机（Hoist）wire rope hoist 固定卷扬式启闭机hydraulic hoist 液压启闭机monorail hoist 单轨启闭机overhead crane 桥机bridge crane 桥机support frame 机架reducer 减速器motor 电动机pulley 滑轮live pulley 动滑轮fixed pulley 定滑轮equalizer pulley 平衡滑轮drum 卷筒steel wire rope 钢丝绳position sensor 高度传感器load sensor 荷载传感器brake 制动器hydraulic system 液压系统oil cylinder 油缸piston rod 活塞杆pump station 泵站oil tankpipe 管道filter 过滤器accumulator 蓄能器valve 阀logic valve 逻辑阀check valve 单向阀ball valve 球阀cartridge valve 插装阀solenoid operated directional valve 电磁换向阀门式起重机（Grantry Crane）rail 轨道lifting mechanism 起升机构traveling mechanism 运行机构inspection trolley 检修小车gantry 门架support column 门腿primary beam 主梁bridge beam 横梁cross beam 端梁side beam 边梁lifting beam 起吊梁hook 吊狗buffer 缓冲装置rail clamping device 夹轨器driving wheel 主动轮driven wheel 从动轮其他（Others）abnormal vibration 反常震动activate 激活anti-clockwise 逆时针anticorrosion 防腐carry on 继续进行carry out 执行clockwise顺时针commissioning 试运行concentricity deviation 同心度偏差connect 连接debris 碎片de-energize 断电detect 探测dry test 无水试验dynamic loading test 动载试验energize 给……加电erection 架立expansion 伸展fasten 扣紧fit 安装flowing water 动水gate closure 闭门gate opening 启门gate position restoration 门位恢复idle test 空载试验impact 碰撞in pressure balance condition 平压条件下lift……into position 将……起吊到位locate 定位lower 降下manual operation 手动操作noise 噪声note 记录operating gap 运作空隙pack 衬垫particle 微粒perform 执行position accurately 精确定位precise 精确的pre-set 预留/预置press button 按下按钮progressively 逐渐地purity 纯度push 推reliable 可靠的residual oil 余油retraction 回缩run 运行secure 保护separately or simultaneously 单独/同时地set up 架设setting 设置/读数shim 薄垫片slack 松弛static loading test 静载试验still water 静水switch off 切断synchronize 同步tighten 拧紧under water head condition 水压作用条件下wet test 有水试验◆焊接和无损检验（Welding and Nondestructive Testing）焊接{Welding）arc strike 引弧/弧伤arc welding 电弧焊automatic welding 自动焊back gouging 背面清根backing 垫板base metal 母材build-up welding 堆焊/补焊butt joint 对接接头carbon rode 碳棒complete fusion 完全融合corner joint 角接接头covered electrode 涂料焊条coupon 试件direct current electrodenegative(DCEN) 直流电极接负direct current electrodepositive(DCEP) 直流电极接正double welding 双面焊double-bevel groove weld 双斜边坡口焊缝double-J groove weld 双面J 型坡口焊缝double-U groove weld 双面U型坡口焊缝double-Vee groove weld 双面V 型坡口焊缝electrode 焊条/电极electrode holder 焊钳electrosgas welding 电气焊electroslag welding 电渣焊filler metal 填充金属fillet weld 角焊缝full fillet weld 大填角焊缝flat welding 平焊flux 焊剂flux cored arc welding 药芯焊丝弧焊forehand welding 左焊法friction welding 摩擦焊full penetration weld 全融透焊缝fusion 熔合fusion line 熔合线groove weld 坡口焊缝heat affecter zone 热影响区horizontal welding 横焊lap joint 搭接接头machine welding 机器焊manual welding 手工焊overhead welding 仰焊oxyfuel gas cutting(OFC) 氧燃料气割oxyfuel gas welding(OFW) 氧燃料气焊partial penetration weld 非全融透焊缝pass 焊道peening 锤击plasma arc welding 等离子弧焊plug weld 塞焊porosity 气孔postheating 后热postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理preheating 预热resistance welding 电阻焊seal weld 密封焊缝seam welding 缝焊semi-automatic welding 半自动焊single-bevel groove weld 单斜边坡口焊缝single-J groove weld 单面J 型坡口焊缝single-U groove weld 单面U型坡口焊缝single-Vee groove weld 单面V型坡口焊缝slag inclusion 夹渣spot welding 点焊square groove weld 直坡口焊缝submerged arc welding 埋弧焊tack welding 定位焊undercut 咬边vertical welding 立焊weld head 焊道weldment 焊件无损检验（Nondestructive Testing）angled beam 斜射波back scatter 背散射calibration block 校准试块cleaning agent 清洗剂contact beam 接触波couplaut 偶合剂crimp 褶皱definition 清晰度delayed sweep 延时扫描detergent 去污剂developer 显像剂double-wall viewing 双壁透照echo 回波eddy current examination 涡流检验emulsifier 乳化剂examination medium 检验介质exposure 暴光inage quality indicator 象质显示器inspector 检验师liquid penetrants testing 渗液检验magnetic particle testing 磁粉检验mass spectrometer 质普仪nondestructive inspection 无损探伤penetrameter 透度计penetrant 渗透剂radiographic testing 射线检验scan 扫描scratch 划痕search unit 探头single-wall viewing 单壁透照sniffer 嗅探器straight beam 直射波streak 条纹ultrasonic instrument 超声仪ultrasonic testing 超声波检验visual testing 目测、外观检验wheel search unit 轮式探头X-ray machine X-射线仪◆水轮机（Hydraulic Turbine）hydraulic turbine 水轮机reaction turbine 反击式水轮机impulse turbine 冲击式水轮机francis turbine 混流式水轮机axial turbine 轴流式水轮机prototype turbine 原型水轮机rated head 额定水头effective head 有效水头net head 净水头maximal head 最大水头minimal head 最小水头spiral case 蜗壳stay ring 座环wicket gate 导叶main shaft 主轴shaft seal 主轴密封coupling flange 连接法兰runner 转轮runner crown 转轮上冠runner band 转轮下环runner cone 转轮泄水锥runner blade/bucket 转轮叶片head cover 顶盖bottom ring 底环discharge ring 基础环draft tube 尾水管draft tube cone 尾水锥管draft tube elbow 尾水肘管governor 调速器governor cubicle/cabinet 调速器柜oil pressure tank/vessel 压力油罐oil sump tank 回油箱gate ring 控制环distributor 导水机构shear pin 剪断销ring gate 筒形阀servomotor 接力器efficiency 效率output 出力discharge 流量sir admission system 补气系统vortex 涡流检验special tool 专用工具auxiliary equipment 辅助设备damper/absorber/cushion 减震器、阴尼器runout 摆度water hammer 水击guide bearing 导轴承operation condition 运行工况opening 开度cavitation 空蚀erosion resistant coating 抗磨涂层load 负荷inertia 惯性flywheel effect 飞轮效应time constant 时间常数mandoor 进入门pit liner 机坑里衬elastic layer 弹性垫层turbine pit 机坑feedback 反馈main distributing valve 主配压阀solenoid 线圈relay 继电器transfer function 传递函数◆机械通用词汇abrasion performance 耐磨性abrasion test 磨耗试验accessory 附件、配件、零件accuracy 准确性、精度anti-corrosion 抗蚀balance test 平衡试验bearing 轴承bearing box 轴承箱bearing bush 轴瓦、轴套bearing carrier 轴承座bearing collar 轴承环、推力头bearing cover 轴承盖bearing journal 轴颈bend 弯头bend radius 弯曲半径bending strength 抗弯强度bolt 螺栓bore 钻孔bore machine 镗床brake valve 制动阀by-pass 旁通callipers 卡尺cardan shaft 万向轴cast 铸造characteristic test 特性试验chock 楔子、垫块clamp 卡头、夹板clearing of fault 故障排除clip 夹具、钳coat 涂层correction value 矫正值cottor pin 开口销coupling flange 联结法兰damping device 缓冲装置deflection 挠度density 密度derusting 除锈descale 除垢deviation 偏差dial 刻度盘dial gauge 千分尺distort 变形dowel pin (setpin) 定位销eccentric cam 偏心凸轮eccentric pin 偏心销eccentricity 偏心、偏心率、偏心度elastic bearing 弹性轴承elastic deformation 弹性变形elastic limit 弹性极限facility 设备、设施factory assembly 工厂装配fashioned iron 型钢feed pipe 供水管female end 止口field welding 现场焊缝finish 表面光洁度、精加工fitting allowance 装配公差fitting assembling 零件装配fitting face 配合面flange 法兰flatness 平整度flaw 缺陷flexibility 挠性、柔性forge 锻造foundation 基础friction 摩擦gauge 规、计、表gear 齿轮globe valve 球阀grade 等级hardness 硬度heat treatment 热处理interface 分界面、接触面、接口joint接头、接缝、连接、焊接joint face 结合面、接缝面lubricant 润滑剂、润滑材料lubrication circuit 润滑管道lubrication oil 润滑油machine 机加工machine tool 机床male end 外止口monkey wrench 活动扳手nail 钉子nipple 管接头nut 螺母o-ring O 形环operating condition 运行情况pretreatment 预处理process 流程、工艺screw cap 螺帽spigot 套管、止口stroke 行程valve 阀门verticality 垂直度washer 垫圈wedge 楔子板◆电气设备及元器件（Electrical Equipment & Element Parts）generator 发电机motor 电动机3-phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor 三相鼠笼式电动机3-phase wind asynchronous 三相绕线式电动机motor armature 电枢brush 电刷coil 线圈、绕组energizing coil 励磁线圈stator 定子stator core 定子铁芯stator winding 定子绕组rotator 转子transformer 变压器isolating transformer 隔离变压器mutual inductor 互感器current transformer(CT) 电流互感器potential transformer(PT) 电压互感器high-voltage equipment 高压电器breaker 断路器isolating switch 隔离开关bushing 套管insulator 绝缘子suspended insulator 悬式绝缘子column-type insulator 支柱绝缘子reactor 电抗器capacitor 电容器lightning rod 避雷针（器）low-voltage electric appliance 低压电器knife switch 刀开关fuse 熔断器automatic switch 自动开关contactor 接触器contact 触点constant close contact 常闭触点constant open contact 常开触点starter 启动器overtravel-limit switch 行程开关changeover switch 转换开关controller 控制器resistor 电阻器light resistor 光敏电阻varistor 变阻器electromagnet 电磁铁bus 母线。
水利水电工程专业英语英文词汇
水利水电工程专业英语英文词汇strain meter 应变计set out 放线、放样stake-line temperature sensor 温度传感器测桩线state plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标集线站terminal station其他（Others）系survey point 测点check hole 检查孔theoretical point 灌区理论点compartmenttraverse(polygon) 导线（测dense mix 浓浆量）、横断error of traverse 导线闭合差foundation uplift 基础隆起lattice traverse 网格状导线灌浆孔grout holelong side traverse instrument hole 仪器孔长导线open traverse 非闭合primary/secondary and tertiary grout holes 一导线short side traverse 短导线序、二序、三序灌浆孔traverse closure 导线闭合加密灌浆孔距spilt spacingtraverse station 导线点waste mix 弃浆traverse survey 导线测量Survey◆测量（）triangulation 测量方法及术语（Methods and Terms）三角测量triangulation network 三角网调整校正adjust 、triangulation of high order 高等级三角网adjustment 平差triangulation point 容许误差allowance 三角点三边测量backsight point 后视点trilateration程控制网basic point 基础点vertical-control net 高bench mark 水准点木桩wood pile Angular Measure）角度测量（compass 罗盘azimuth 方位角chainage(station number) 桩号象限角bearing 方位三角锁chain of triangulation 、器、水准buddle 、check 校核对照气泡圆盘circle 度盘、控制control point 点器圆水坐标点coordinate point 准circular bubbledatum 基础面轴视准collimation axis点基datum point 准十字丝cross-line(cross-hair)偏差depression angle 俯角deviationeasily identifiable point elevation angle 仰角点容易识别eyepiece(ocular) error 误差目镜量field pole(staff) 标杆一等三角测first order triangulationgeodetic foot-screw 学的大地测量脚螺栓量geodetic surveying 大地测水平角horizontal angle量合联测）mark 标志（明joint survey已知点known point 物镜objective lens面水level surface 准垂线铅垂、plumb(plummet)局local triangulation networks 准、观测sight 瞄部三角网准瞄target 国national coordination system 家坐标网目标、监视观测observe 、纬仪theodolite 经point to be located 待定点横轴tranverse axistripod 三脚架置位、定位position踏勘、选点reconnaissance 竖直角vertical angle参考点reference point vertical axis 竖轴量二等三角测second order triangulation Telescope望远镜（）1centering 对中reduced level 归化高差run back 返测盘左face leftrun out 往测face right 盘右three-wire leveling 三丝法水准focus 集中、焦点测量地形测量（T opographic Survey focusing 调焦）boundary 边界、界线index error 指标误差inverted position of telescope(reverse construction stake 施工标桩contour 等高线盘右telescope)倒镜、normal position of telescope(direct telescope)contour interval 等高距contouring 绘等高线、正镜盘右contour-length method 光学垂准器等高线延长法optical plummetcontour line 等高线round 测回control network 控制网set 套、组detail 细部、详图station 测站draw 绘图距离测量（Distance Measure）field 外业气barometer 压计fix 固定、确定base line(basic line/datum line) 基线form line 地形图电battery 池EDM(electromagnetic distance measurement) grid 格网information 注记、资料、情报电磁波测距marginal information 轮廓注记滤波器滤光片filter 、large-scale 大比例尺的laser alignment system 激光准直系统latitude 纬度、范围laser beam 激光束latitude circle 纬圈prism 棱镜latitude line range 纬线距离测程、legend 图例long range 远程location 定线、程medium range 中定位longitude 经short range 短程度longitude line 测距仪经线range findermap signal 地图、制图信号mapping 制图、测spring balance 弹簧称图、地质素描match line 拼接线卷尺tapemonument 标石invar tape 铟瓦钢卷尺、石柱object 高程测量（Height Measurement地物、目标）plan 程、高海拔平面图、略图altitude/elevationplot 近似approximate leveling 置绘图粗平平、profile 断面（图）、纵剖图准自动定平水automatic level 仪difference in altitude(difference of record 记录、资料setup 定置elevation ,height difference) 高差仪器site location error of closure in leveling 差合闭准定位水stakeout 放样、定线平置、精平exact leveling 确、立桩symbol 仪（测点）准水level 符号、记号topographic detail 水level circuit 地形细部环合准闭topographic map 地形图尺垫准水level shoe◆原形观测观测仪器和设施线路准水line of level {Instrumentationand Facilities）国national geodetic vertical datum 家大地高air-entraining meter 面准基程掺气剂2Carlson-type piezometer 卡尔逊式渗压计component 零部件coordinator 坐标仪concrete strain meter 砼应变计damping box 阻尼角convergent point 收敛测点differential resistance direct plumb line 正垂线差动电阻double layer rubber sleeve earth pressure cell 土压力盒双层保护forced centering plate 强制embankment piezometer 坝体渗压计对中盘instrument lead 仪器电堤应变计缆embankment strain meter invar wire 铟瓦丝extended wire 引张线metal ring 计金属环foundation piezometer 基础渗压plumb coordinate meter horizontal inclinometer 水平测斜仪垂线坐标仪pulley 滑轮hydraulic instrument 水力学仪器regulator 调节器水听器hydrophoneriser 立管inclinometer casing 测斜管sensor interface joint meter 界面变位传感器计spool inverted plumb line 倒垂线绕轴steel socket 钢micro piezometer 微压计底座tablet 多点位移计药片multiple position extensometertensioning weight 张拉重锤observation point 观测标点thermistor 热敏电observation well 观测井阻tip 测头视optical alignment line 准线安装过程（Procession of Installation）plate strain meter 钢板计assemble 组装pneumatic piezometer 气压式渗压计couple 连接脉动压力pressure fluctuation meter 计prestressed tendon anchorage 埋设embed安装install 索dynamometer 预应力锚测力计绝缘insulate rock bolt extensometer 锚杆测力计维护计single point extensometer 单点位移maintenancespiral sensor 测扭仪监测monitor测压standpipe 管仪器保护protection of instrumentation归纳reduce 强震仪strong-motion seismograghsurface monument 表密封seal 面标点拼接temperature sensor 温度传感器splice提供终端房terminal house supplyterminal station 终端站测试testInformation资料（倾角tilt meter 计）简图计时均压力time average pressure cell assemble schematic 装配合格证书总压力盒total pressure cell certificate书说计velometer 流速使用明descriptionvertical inclinometer 垂直测斜仪维护指南maintenace guideline书震旋式渗压vibrating wire piezometer 计manual 说明振旋式沉降vibrating wire settlement sensor 理工作原operating principle 作仪范围operating restraint 操序procedure 水堰量的带微压weir with micro piezometer 计程程基点工作working base point 序分trouble shooting procedure 鼓掌析zerostress-strain meter 其他（Others）计砼无应力间）Acessories and Spare Parts附件及配件（行annular space 环空coil data acquisition 盘绕数据采集 3cement mark(strength of cement /cement 数据记录datarecordinggrade) 水泥标号leas drilling hole 引线孔consumptive use of water normal consistance 永久记录permanent record 标准稠度用水readout device 读数设备量degree of mobilization 流动性saturated 饱和的dissolution heat ( solution heat ) 溶解热seepage isolation dike 截渗堤final set trapezoidal 梯形终凝flexural strength 抗弯强度◆水工常规试验flyash 粉煤灰砼原材料试验（Test of Raw and Processedhydration heat 水化热Material of Concrete）initial set Aggregate）初凝骨料（abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler loss on ignition(ignition loss) 烧矢量setting time 凝结时量间洛杉机磨耗silica fume 计accumulated retained percentage 累筛余百硅粉soundness 水泥的安定性分率specific surface area 比表acicular and flaky grain in aggregate 针状与面积specific heat 量片状颗粒含比热water demand ratio 吸水alkali-aggregate reaction 碱骨料反应量比外加剂（Admixture）视密度apparent densitybubble stability 泡沫稳定性bulk density (unity weight) 容重clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate bubbling ability 起泡能力chloride content 氯化物含量块及易碎颗粒含土量黏compressive strength rate 抗压强度比软化系数coefficient of softeningcontract with dry rate crush index 压碎指标干缩率dispersing coefficient 干燥状态dry state 分散系数dispersing ability of waterexceeding and inferior grain in-reducing agent 减水剂aggregate 超逊径颗粒含量分散能力loss of slump 塌落度损失细度模数fineness modulussulphate content 硫酸盐含空隙率量gaping place ratesolid content 分计grader retained percentage 筛余百固体含分率量surface tension 颗粒级grain composition 配表面张力water-reducing rate 减水率粒径grain size水（Water）量lightweight matter in aggregate 轻物质含alkalinity 碱度量云母含mica contentcalcion 含水率钙离子moisture content(water rate)carbonic acid mud content 钙酸含泥量chlorion 有机质含organic content 量氯离子equivalent concentration 骨料潜在活性potential reactivity of aggregate 当量浓度oxygen consumption saturation 饱和的耗氧量normal solution (standard 曲线筛sieving curve 分solution) 量soft grain in aggregate 软弱骨料含标准溶液PH value PH坚固性值soundnesswater analysis 水值面含水率表surface moisture content 分析砼（水溶性硫化物water-soluble sulphide Concrete）砼拌和物（水硬性胶凝材料Mixture(Hydraulicity cementitious ）material) assurance strength of concrete 砼保证强度bleeding rate age 泌水率龄期4cement-sand ration 灰砂比砂浆（Cement）cement lime mortar 标号水泥石灰砂浆design strength of concrete 砼设计cement mortar 水泥砂浆flowability of concrete 砼的流动性cement-clay mortar 水泥黏土mix proportion (proportion ofmixture) 砼配合砂浆epoxy mortar 环氧砂浆比lime mortar 石灰砂浆mixture uniformity 拌和物的均匀性plastering mortar 抹面砂浆penetration-obstruction method 贯入阻力法pointing joint mortar probability of ensuring strength of concrete 砼勾缝砂浆土（Soil强度保证率）accumulation curve (cumulative curve) 累砂率sand rate 计曲线单位用水量unit consumption of wateractivity index 活性指标water retention (water retentiveness) 保水性angle of frictionwater-cement ratio 摩擦角水灰比Atterberg limits(water content as limit) Hardened concrete 阿）硬化砼（太堡界限（界限含水量axial tensile strength 轴向抗拉强度）California bearing ratio 导热系数载重比coefficient of thermal conductivitycoarse-grained soil cooling rate 冷却率粗粒土coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数砼芯样core of concrete coefficient of cubical徐变变creep deformation (time deformation )compressibility 体积压缩系数形coefficient of curvature 曲率系数form coefficient(form factor) 形状系数compression 压缩freezing -melting circulation 冻融循环compression index frost-resistance mark 抗冻标号压缩指数compression modulus 压缩模数砼热学性能heat property of concreteconsolidated-undrained (quick) shear test height-diameter ration 高径比固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数consolidated-drained (slow) shear test loss of weight 重量损失固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验自振频率natural frequency consolidation 固结permeate 渗透consolidation coefficient 透permeated height 渗高度固结系数consolidation settlement 固结沉降permeated-resisting mark 抗渗标号consolidation stress 系固结应力透relative coefficient of permeability 相对渗continuous grading/gradation 连接级配数contraction test(shrinkage test) 收缩试验振频率共resonance frequencycore cutter method sample 试环刀法件creep curve self-grown volume deformation（砼）蠕变曲线自生体积critical slope 变形逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy's law 达西定律劈裂抗拉强度splitting tensile strengthdegree of consolidation 固结度static compressive modulus of elasticity 静力degree of free swelling 自由膨胀率抗压弹数direct shear test 导温系数直接剪切试验temperature conductivity direct shear test of reiteration 反复直剪强度试抗拉弹性模tensile modulus of elasticity 量验绝热温升thermal insulation warmingdistribution curve 分极限拉应变ultimate tensile strain 布曲线drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow) 极限抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength 流土effective angle of inner friction 有效内摩擦角磨损率wear rate effective strength envelope 有效强度抗冲磨强度wear-resisting strength 包线5expansion force 膨胀力剪（快剪）试验variable head method 变水头法expansion ration(specificexpansion) 膨胀率void(pore) ratio 孔隙比渗流filtering flow(seepage flow)water replacement method 灌水法fine-grained soil 细粒土wet density 湿密度flow net(drift net) 流网其它建筑材料hydraulic slope 水力坡降钢筋（steel hydrometer method 比重计法）bending and unbending 反常水头法复弯曲hydrostatic head methodcold bending test 冷弯试验limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态elongation test 拉伸试验liquefaction 液化nominal diameter 公称直径liquid limit 液限ratio of elongation liquidity index 液化指标伸长率relaxation test maximum dry density 最大干密度松弛试验steel strand 钢绞线method of sieving 筛分法tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服强度Mohr's stress circle 莫力应力圆ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度库伦破坏Mohr-coulomb failure criteria 莫尔-Wood）准则木材（curshing strength paralled to the normal stress 法向应力（正应力）oedometer curve 顺纹抗压强度grain 压缩曲线tensile strength paralled to the 量optimum moisture content 最优含水顺纹抗拉强度涌piping 管graincrushing strength across th e plastic limit 塑限横纹抗压强度grain plasticity index 塑性指标tensile strength across to the 空隙水压力pore water pressure空隙率porosity 横纹抗拉强度grainprincipal stress 主）沥青（应力Asphalt脆化点试验Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验brittle temperature test 相对密度relative density 延伸度试验expansion testsand replacement method 灌砂法针入式试验penetration test saturability (saturation degree/percent 软化点试验softening point testtest of aging saturation) 饱和度老化试验viscosity test 饱和容重saturated unit weight 粘滞性试验Quality Management透seepage deformation 渗变形）质量管理（average 力渗seepage force(seepage pressure) 透平均值deviation standard(error of mean 透渗seepage line 线均方差squares) 速度渗seepage speed 透deviationcoefficient(dispersion shear stress 切向应力（剪应力）离差系数缩限shrinkage limit coefficient)断级间skip(gap/jump) grading 配相关系数index of correlation土specific gravity of soil particle 粒比重界限management limit 管理steady seepage field 统计数稳定渗流场mathematic statistics 理maximum 应力路径stress path 最大值值minimum 最线包总强度total strength envelope 小布三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test 正态分normal distributionunconfined compression strength 保证量quality assurance 无侧限抗压质量强度检测质quality examinationunconsolidated undrained test regression curve 不固结不排水回归曲线 6relative dampness 相对湿度mud crack 泥痕rain print 雨痕本容量sample capacity 样orientation of bedrock 岩层产状sampling frequency 取样频率strike specimen 样品走向dip 倾向统计分析statistical analysisangle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角technical specification 技术规范fold technical standard 褶皱技术标准anticline testing circumstance 试验环境背斜syncline 向斜testing error 试验误差Monocline (homocline) 单斜testing regulation 试验规程dome 穹隆析variance analysis 方差分soft stratum ◆地质(Geology)软弱岩层zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎带地质年代（Geochronology of Geologicaffected zone Ages）影响带platy structure 板状构造Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）解理cleavage Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）fracture(rupture) 断裂古生代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem)fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界））岩石类型（Rock typeCenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）岩石学petrology Sinian period (system) 震旦纪（系）岩igneous rock 火成寒武纪（系）Cambrian period (system)Ordovician period (system) 奥陶纪（系）岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩lava(vocanic rock) 志留纪（系）Silurian period (system) 侵入岩intrusive (invade) rock Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）成石碳纪（系）Carboniferous period (system) 岩effusive rock 深成岩pypabussal rock 二叠纪（系）Permian period (system) 浅三叠纪（系）acid rock 酸性岩Triassic period (system) 侏罗纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）第Tertiary period (system) 三纪（系）超基性岩ultrabasic rock 第Quaternary period (system) 四纪（系）花岗岩granite斑岩Geologic Structural地质构造（）porphyryrhyolite 玢岩断层faultsyenite normal fault 正断层流纹岩逆断层reversed fault trachyte 粗面岩diorite parallel fault 平移断层闪长岩andesite 安山岩断层泥gouge擦痕stria 辉长岩gabbrojoint 理节玄武岩basaltprimary joint 理原生节细晶岩aplitesecondary joint 理次生节pegmatite 伟晶岩tension joint lamprophyre 煌斑岩理张节diabase 理卸荷节unloading joint 辉绿岩理片schistosity 橄榄岩dunite理层bedding pumice 浮岩）理（叶理板foliation 沉积岩sedimentary rock波痕ripple mark clastic rock 碎屑岩7clay rock 黏土岩quartz 石英topaz 黄玉chemical rock 化学岩corundum 刚玉biolith 生物岩diamand 金刚石砾岩conglomerate。
水利水电工程专业英语词汇
水利水电工程专业英语词汇施工总平面布置(施工总体布置) construction general layout 施工组织Consruction Programming 施工组织设计construction planning 施工坐标系（建筑坐标系）construction coordinate system 湿化变形soaking deformation 湿润比percentage of wetted area 湿润灌溉wetting irrigation 湿室型泵房wet-pit type pump house 湿陷变形系数soaking deformation coefficient 湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure 湿陷系数(湿陷变形系数) coefficient of collapsibility 湿周wetted perimeter 十字板剪切试验vane shear test 石袋honeycomb 时均流速time average velocity 时均能量time average energy 时效硬化(老化) age hardening (ageing) 时针式喷灌系统(中心支轴自走式系统) central pivot sprinkler system 实测放大图surveyed amplification map 实腹柱solid column 实际材料图primitive data map 实时接线分析real time connection analysis 实时控制real-time control实时数据和实时信息real time data and real time information 实体坝solid dike 实体重力坝solid gravity dam 实物工程量real work quantity 实验站experimental station 实用堰practical weir 示流信号器liquid-flow annunciator 示坡线slope indication line 示误三角形error triangle 示踪模型tracer model 事故failure (accident) 事故备用容量reserve capacity for accident 事故低油压tripping lower oil pressure 事故音响信号emergency signal (alarmsignal)事故运行方式accident operation mode 事故闸门emergency gate 事故照明accident lighting 事故照明切换屏accident lighting change-over panel 势波potential wave 势流potential flow 势能potential energy 势涡(自由涡) potential vortex 视差parallax 视差法测距（基线横尺视差法）subtense method with horizontal staff 视差角parallactic angle 视准线法collimation line method 视准轴（照准轴）coolimation axis 试验处理treatment of experiment 试验端子test terminal 试验项目Testing item 试验小区experimental block 试运行test run 试运行test run 收敛测量convergence measurement 收敛约束法convergence-confinement method 收缩断面vena-contracta 收缩缝(温度缝) contraction joint (temperature joint) 收缩水深contracted depth 手动[自动]复归manual [automatic] reset 手动[自动]准同期manual [automatic] precise synchronization 手动调节manual regulation 手动控制manual control 手动运行manual operation 手工电弧焊manual arc welding 首曲线（基本等高线）standard contour 首子午线（本初子午线，起始子午线）prime meridian 受油器oil head 枢纽布置layout of hydroproject 疏浚dredging 输电系统transmission system 输电线transmission line 输入功率试验input test 输沙量sediment runoff 输沙率sediment discharge 输水钢管steel pipe for water conveyance 输水沟conveyance ditch 输水建筑物waterconveyance structure 输水渠道water conveyance canal 鼠道mole drains 鼠道犁mole plough 鼠笼型感应电动机squirrel cage induction motor 竖井定向测量shaft orientation survey 竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine 竖井联系测量shaft connection survey 竖井排水drainage well 竖井式进水口shaf tintake 竖轴弧形闸门radial gate with vertic alaxes 数字地面模型digital terrain model （DTM）数字化测图digitized mapping 数字通信digital communication 数字图像处理digital image processing 数字仪表digital instrument甩负荷load dump (load rejection,load shutdown) 甩负荷试验load-rejection test (load-shutdowntest) 双层布置double storey layout 双调节调速器dual-regulation governor 双扉闸门double-leaf gate 双回线double-circuit line 双击式水轮机cross flow turbine,Banki turbine 双极高压直流系统bipolar HVDC system 双金属标bimetal bench mark 双列布置double row layout 双母线接线double-bus connection 双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam 双曲拱渡槽double curvature arch aqueduct 双室式调压室double-chamber surge shaft 双吸式离心泵double-suction pump 双向挡水人字闸门bidirectional retaining mitre gate 水泵[水泵水轮机的水泵工况]的反向最大稳态飞逸转速steady state reverse runaway speed of pump 水泵比转速specific speed of pump 水泵并联扬程曲线head curve of parallel pumping system 水泵参数与特性Parameters and characteristics of pump水泵串联扬程曲线head curve of series pumping system 水泵的最大[最小]输入功率maximum[minimum] input power of pump 水泵电动机机组Motor-pump unit 水泵反常运行pump abnormal operating水泵工况(抽水工况) pump operation 水泵工作点(水泵工况点) pump operating point 水泵供水water feed by pump 水泵机械效率mechanical efficiency of pump 水泵机组pump unit 水泵类型Classification of pumps 水泵零部件Components of pumps 水泵流量pump discharge 水泵容积效率volumetric efficiency of pump 水泵输出功率output power of pump 水泵输入功率(水泵轴功率) input power of pump 水泵水力效率hydraulic efficiency of pump 水泵水轮机Pump-turbine 水泵无流量输入功率no-discharge power of pump 水泵效率pump efficiency 水泵扬程(水泵总扬程) total head of pump 水泵站Pumping Station 水泵装置pump system 水锤(水击) water hammer 水锤泵站hydrauli cram pump station 水锤波(水击波) wave of water hammer 水锤波波速wave velocity of water hammer 水电站Hydroelectric Station 水电站(水力发电站) Hydroelectric station (hydroelectric power station) 水电站保证出力firm power, firm output 水电站厂房(发电厂房) power house 水电站厂房的类型Types of power house of hydroelectric station 水电站出力power output of hydropower station 水电站出力和发电量Power and energy output of hydropower station 水电站的水头、流量、水位Waterhead, discharge, water lever of hydropower station 水电站发电成本generation cost of hydropower station 水电站发电量energy output of hydropower station 水电站建筑物hydroelectric station structure 水电站经济指标Economie index of hydropower station 水电站类型Types of hydroelectric station 水电站引用流量quotative discharge of hydropower station 水电站装机容量installed capacity of hydropower station 水电站自动化automation of hydroelectric station 水跌hydraulic drop 水动力学Hydrodynamics 水斗bucket 水斗式水轮机(贝尔顿式水轮机) pelton turbine 水工建筑物hydraulic structure 水工建筑物的类别及荷载Classification and load of hydraulic structures 水工建筑物级别grade of hydraulic structure 水工金属结构及安装Metal Structures and Their Installation 水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel 水工隧洞Hydraulic tunnels 水工隧洞构造Components of hydraulic tunnel 水工隧洞类型Classification of hydraulic tunnels 水管冷却pipe cooling 水柜water pool 水环真空泵liquid ring pump 水灰比water-cement ratio 水窖(旱井) water callar(dry wall) 水静力学Hydrostatics 水库并联运用operation of parallel-connected resertvoir 水库测量reservoir survey 水库串联运用operation of serial-connected reservoirs 水库调度reservoir operation 水库调度图graph of reservoir operation 水库回水变动区fluctuating back water zone of reservoir 水库浸没reservoir immersion 水库控制缓洪controlled flood retarding 水库库底清理cleaning of reservoir zone 水库泥沙Reservoir sediment 水库泥沙防治Prevention of sediment 水库年限ultimate life of reservoir 水库渗漏reservoir leakage 水库水文测验reservoir hydrometry 水库塌岸bank ruin of reservoir 水库特征库容Characteristic capacity of reservoir 水库特征水位Characteristic level of reservoir 水库泄空排沙sediment releasing by emptying reservoir 水库蓄清排浑clear water impounding and muddy flow releasing 水库淹没补偿compensation for reservoir inundation 水库淹没处理Treatment of reservoir inundation 水库淹没处理范围treatment zone of reservoir inundation 水库淹没界线测量reservoir inundation line survey 水库淹没区zone of reservoir inundation 水库淹没实物指标material index of reservoir inundation 水库异重流density current in reservoir 水库异重流排沙sediment releasing by density current 水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake 水库淤积Sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积测量reservoir accretion survey 水库淤积极限limit state of sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积平衡比降equilibrium slope of sediment deposition in reservoir 水库淤积上延(翘尾巴) upward extension of reservoir deposition 水库淤积纵剖面longitudinal profile of deposit in reservoir 水库滞洪排沙flood retarding and sediment releasing 水库自然滞洪free flood retarding 水冷式空压机water-cooled compressor 水力半径hydraulic radius 水力冲填hydraulic excavation and filling 水力冲填坝hydraulic fill dam水力冲洗式沉沙池hydraulic flushing sedimentation basin 水力粗糙度hydraulic roughness 水力粗糙区hydraulic roughness region 水力共振hydraulic resonance 水力光滑区hydraulic smooth 水力机械Hydraulic Machinery 水力机械与电气设备HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT 水力机组hydropower unit 水力机组测试Measurement and test for hydropower unit 水力机组的安装和试运行Installation and starting operation of hydropower unit 水力机组调节系统Regulating system of hydropower unit 水力机组辅助系统Auxiliary system for hydropower unit 水力开挖hydraulic excavation 水力坡降(水力比降) hydraulic slope (energy gradient) 水力破裂法(水力致裂法) hydro fracturing method 水力侵蚀(水蚀) water erosion 水力学Hydraulics 水力要素(水力参数) hydraulic elements 水力指数hydraulic exponent 水力自动闸门hydraulic operating gate 水力最优断面optimal hydraulic cross section 水利工程经营管理management and administration of water project 水利计算Computation of water conservancy 水利区划zoning of water conservancy 水利枢纽hydroproject 水利水电工程等别rank of hydroproject 水利水电工程规划PLANNING OF HYDROENGINEERING 水利水电工程技术术语标准Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering 水利水电工程勘测SURVEYAND INVESTIGATION FOR HYDROENGINEERING 水利水电工程施工CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 水量分布曲线water distribution curve 水流动力轴线(主流线) dynamic axis of flow 水流连续方程continuity equation of flow 水流流态State of flow 水流阻力和能头损失Flow resistance and head loss 水轮泵站turbine-pump station 水轮发电机Hydraulic generator 水轮发电机hydraulic turbine-driven synchronous generator (hydro-generator) 水轮发电机组Hydraulic turbine-generator unit 水轮发电机组hydraulic turbine-generator unit 水轮机hydraulic turbine, water turbine 水轮机[水泵]额定流量rated discharge of turbine[pump] 水轮机安装Installation of hydraulic turbine 水轮机安装高程setting of turbine 水轮机保证出力guaranteed output of turbine 水轮机比转速specific speed of turbine 水轮机参数和特性Turbine parameters and turbine characteristics水轮机层turbine storey (turbine floor) 水轮机的机械效率mechanical efficiency of turbine 水轮机的容积效率volumetric efficiency of turbine 水轮机的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbine 水轮机调节系统turbine regulating system 水轮机调节系统静特性试验static characteristic test of regulation system of hydraulic turbine 水轮机调速器turbine governor 水轮机额定输出功率(水轮机额定出力) rated output of turbine 水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed of turbine 水轮机工况(发电工况) turbine operation 水轮机空载流量no-load dischargeof turbine 水轮机类型Classification of turbines 水轮机零、部件Components of hydraulic turbine 水轮机流量turbine discharge 水轮机模型试验model test of turbine 水轮机磨蚀与振动Erosion and vibration of hydraulic turbine 水轮机气蚀系数cavitation factor of turbine,cavitation coefficient of turbine 水轮机设计水头design head of turbine 水轮机试运行Test runof hydraulic turbine 水轮机室turbine casing 水轮机输出功率(水轮机出力) turbine output 水轮机输入功率turbine input power 水轮机水头(水轮机净水头) turbine net head 水轮机吸出水头损失suction head loss of turbine 水轮机效率turbine efficiency 水轮机压力管道(高压管道) penstock 水轮机引水室turbine flume 水轮机主轴turbine main shaft 水轮机最大输出功率(水轮机最大出力) maximum output of turbine 水轮机最高效率maximum efficiency of turbine 水面曲线water surface profile 水面蒸发量evaporation from water surface 水能waterpower, hydropower 水能计算hydropower computation 水能开发方式Types of hydropower development 水能利用Water power utilization 水能利用规划waterpower utilization planning 水能资源(水力资源) waterpower resources, hydropower resources 水泥比表面积specific surface of cement 水泥罐cement silo 水泥水化热hydration heat of cement 水泥体积安定性soundness of cement 水平底坡horizontal slope 水平地质剖面图geological plan 水平度levelness 水平沟horizontal ditches 水平阶地horizontal terraces 水平位移工作点operative mark of horizontal displacement水平位移观测horizontal displacement observation 水平位移基点datum mark of horizontal displacement 水生态学hydrobiology 水头water head 水头损失head loss 水头预想出力expected power, expected output 水土保持soil and water conservation 水土保持工程措施Soil and water conservation works 水土保持规划Planning of soil and water conservation 水土保持林业措施Afforestation measures for soil and water conservation 水土流失Soilandwaterloss 水土流失(土壤侵蚀) soil erosion(soil and waterloss) 水位water stage (water level) 水位、流速、流量Water stage, flow velocity, flow discharge 水位传导系数coefficient of water level conductivity 水位调节装置water level regulator 水位计water-level gauge 水位流量关系曲线stage-discharge relation curve 水位信号water-level indicating signal 水位站water stage gauging station 水文测验hydrometry 水文测站hydrometrical station 水文测站和站网Hydrometrical station and network 水文地质Hydrogeology水文地质基础Basichydrogeology 水文地质试验Hydrogeologicaltest 水文地质图hydrogeological map 水文调查hydrological investigation 水文分析计算Hydrological analysis and computation 水文观测hydrological observation 水文观测Hydrological observation and measurement 水文过程线hydrograph 水文核技术nucleartechnology in hydrology 水文计算Hydrologic computation 水文计算及水文预报Hydrological Computation and Forecasing 水文空间技术space technology in hydrology 水文模型hydrological model 水文年鉴hydrological almanac(hydrological yearbook) 水文频率曲线hydrological frequency curve 水文手册hydrological handbook 水文统计hydrological statistics 水文图集hydrological atlas 水文遥测技术hydrological telemetering technology 水文要素hydrological data 水文预报Hydrological forecast 水文站hydrometrical station 水文站网hydrological network 水文资料整编hydrological data processing 水系(河系,河网) hydrographic net(river system) 水下爆破under water blasting 水下地形测量underground topographic survey 水下混凝土浇筑underwater concreting 水下接地网under water earthed network 水压力hydraulic pressure 水跃hydraulic jump 水跃长度length of hydraulic jump 水跃高度height of hydraulic jump 水跃函数hydraulic jump function 水跃消能率coefficient of energy dissipation of hydraulic jump 水运动学Hydrokinematics 水运动学及水动力学Hydrokinematics and hydrodynamics 水闸sluice (barrage) 水闸类型Classification of sluices 水闸组成部分Components of sluice 水质water quality 水质标准water quality standard 水质监测站water quality monitoring station 水质评价water quality assessment 水质污染Water quality pollution 水质预报water quality forecast水中起动starting in water 水中起动力矩starting torque in water 水柱water column 水坠坝sluicing siltation earth dam 水准测量leveling 水准点benchmark 水准路线leveling line 水准器分划值（水准器角值，水准器格值）scale value of level 水准网平差adjustment of leveling network 水准仪（水平仪）level 水准仪与经纬仪Leveland theodolite 水资源water resources 水资源规划water resources planning 水资源开发利用Development and utilization of water resources 水资源开发利用water resources development 税金tax 顺坝longitudinal dike (training dike) 顺坡(正坡) positive slope 顺行波advancing downstream wave 顺序控制系统sequential control system 顺直型河流straight river 瞬动电流instantaneous acting current 瞬发雷管(即发雷管) instantaneous blasting cap 瞬时沉降(弹性沉降,初始沉降,形变沉降) initial settlement 瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph 瞬时电流速断保护(无时限电流速断保护) instantaneous over current cut-off protection 瞬时流速instantaneous velocity 瞬态法finite increment method 死库容(垫底库容) dead storage 死区dead band 死水位minimum pool level(dead water level) 松动爆破loosening blasting (crumbling blasting) 松方loose measure 松散系数bulk factor 素混凝土(无筋混凝土) plain concrete 素图simple map 速动时间常数promptitude time constant 速度环量velocity circulation 速度三角形velocity triangle 速凝(瞬时凝结) quick set (flash set) 速凝剂accelerator 塑料导爆管(传爆管) plastic primacord tube 塑限(塑性限度,塑性界限含水量) plastic limit 塑性铰plastic hinge 塑性指数plasticity index 溯源冲刷[淤积] backward erosion[deposition] 算术平均粒径arithmetic mean diameter 算术平均水头arithmetic average head 算术平均效率arithmetic average efficiency 随动系统servo system 随动系统不准确度inaccuracy of servosystem 随机波random wave 随机性水文模型(非确定性水文模型) stochastic hydrological model 碎部点（地形特征点）detail point 碎裂结构clastic structure 碎屑结构clastic texture 隧洞衬砌tunnel lining 隧洞导流tunnel diversion 隧洞渐变段tunnel transition section 隧洞开挖tunnel excavation 隧洞排水tunnel drainage 隧洞钻孔爆破法(隧洞钻爆法) drill-blast tunneling method 损失容积(死容积) lost volume 缩限(收缩界限) shrinkage limit 锁坝closure dike 锁定装置dog device (latch device,gate lock device) 锁锭装置locking device (checking device) 它励(它激) separate excitation 塔式进水口tower intake 踏面rolling face 台车式启闭机platform hoist 台阶结构面step structural plane 台阶掘进法heading and bench method 坍落度slump坍落拱collapse arch 探槽exploratoryt rench 探洞exploratory adit 探井exploratory shaft 探坑exploratory pit 碳素钢(碳钢) carbon steel 塘堰pond 掏槽孔(掏槽眼) cut hole 套管casing pipe 套闸(双埝船闸) doubledike lock 特大暴雨extraordinary rainstorm 特大洪水extraordinary flood 特高压(特高电压) ultra-high voltage (U.H.V.) 特类钢(C类钢) type C steel 特殊地区施工增加费additional cost for special condition 特殊荷载specia lload (unusual load) 特殊荷载组合special load combination 特性和参数Characteristics and parameters 特性阻抗(波阻抗) characteristic impedance (wave impedance) 特征线法characteristics method 特征斜率characteristic slope 梯段爆破bench blasting 梯级水电站cascade hydroelectric station 梯形堰trapezoidal weir 锑恩锑(三硝基甲苯) TNT (trinitroto luene) 提升式升船机lifting type ship lift 提水灌溉pumping irrigation 提水排水pumping drainage 体积模量bulk modulus 体积压缩系数coefficient of volume compressibility 天然骨料natural aggregate 天然密度(天然容重) natural density(naturalunitweight) 天文潮astronomical tide 田间持水量field capacity 田间工程farml and works 田间排水沟(墒沟) field ditch 田间排水试验experiment for farm land drainage 田间渠系farm canal system 田间水利用系数water efficiency in field 田间需水量(田间耗水量) water consumption on farmland 填埋式管(上埋式管) buried pipe line 填石笼gabion 填筑filling 填筑含水量placement water content(placement moisture content) 挑坎(挑流鼻坎) flip bucket。
写水库的词
写水库的词
水库是一种重要的水利工程，用于存储和调配水流，以达到防洪、灌溉、供水等目的。
以下是一些关于水库的常用词汇:
1. 水库大坝 (Sheng Canal Dam):指建造在河流上的大型水利工程，用来拦洪、蓄水、调节水流等。
2. 入库流量 (Inflow Volume):指水流进入水库的流量，通常用每秒立方米 (slm) 表示。
3. 出库流量 (Outflow Volume):指水流从水库中流出的流量，也常用每秒立方米 (slm) 表示。
4. 库容 (Net Reservoir Volume):指水库实际可以存储的水量，通常用立方米表示。
5. 水位 (Water Level):指水库中水的深度，常用米 (m) 表示。
6. 库底渗漏量 (CORE Loss):指水库内部的水通过底部渗漏流
出的量，通常用立方米/天 (m3/d) 表示。
7. 防洪库容 (防洪容积):指水库用于防洪时的可存储水量，通常用立方米表示。
8. 灌溉库容 (irrigation Volume):指水库用于灌溉时的可存
储水量，通常用立方米表示。
9. 供水库容 (Supply Volume):指水库用于供水时的可存储水量，通常用立方米表示。
10. 水库效益 (Reservoir Benefits):指水库在防洪、灌溉、供水等方面的经济效益和社会效益，通常用美元/立方米 (USD/m3) 表
示。
水利水电工程专业英语英文词汇
strain meter 应变计temperature sensor 温度传感器terminal station 集线站其他（Others）check hole 检查孔compartment 灌区dense mix 浓浆foundation uplift 基础隆起grout hole 灌浆孔instrument hole 仪器孔primary/secondary and tertiary grout holes 一序、二序、三序灌浆孔spilt spacing 加密灌浆孔距waste mix 弃浆◆测量（Survey）测量方法及术语（Methods and Terms）adjust 校正、调整adjustment 平差allowance 容许误差backsight point 后视点basic point 基础点bench mark 水准点compass 罗盘chainage(station number) 桩号chain of triangulation 三角锁check 校核、对照control point 控制点coordinate point 坐标点datum 基础面datum point 基准点deviation 偏差easily identifiable point 容易识别点error 误差first order triangulation 一等三角测量geodetic 大地测量学的geodetic surveying 大地测量joint survey 联合测量known point 已知点level surface 水准面local triangulation networks 局部三角网national coordination system 国家坐标网observe 观测、监视point to be located 待定点position 定位、位置reconnaissance 选点、踏勘reference point 参考点second order triangulation 二等三角测量set out 放线、放样stake-line 测桩线state plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标系survey point 测点theoretical point 理论点traverse(polygon) 导线（测量）、横断error of traverse 导线闭合差lattice traverse 网格状导线long side traverse 长导线open traverse 非闭合导线short side traverse 短导线traverse closure 导线闭合traverse station 导线点traverse survey 导线测量triangulation 三角测量triangulation network 三角网triangulation of high order 高等级三角网triangulation point 三角点trilateration 三边测量vertical-control net 高程控制网wood pile 木桩角度测量（Angular Measure）azimuth 方位角bearing 方位、象限角buddle 气泡、水准器circle 度盘、圆盘circular bubble 圆水准器collimation axis 视准轴cross-line(cross-hair) 十字丝depression angle 俯角elevation angle 仰角eyepiece(ocular) 目镜field pole(staff) 标杆foot-screw 脚螺栓horizontal angle 水平角mark 标志（明）objective lens 物镜plumb(plummet) 铅垂、垂线sight 瞄准、观测target 目标、瞄准theodolite 经纬仪tranverse axis 横轴tripod 三脚架vertical angle 竖直角vertical axis 竖轴望远镜（Telescope）centering 对中face left 盘左face right 盘右focus 集中、焦点focusing 调焦index error 指标误差inverted position of telescope(reverse telescope)倒镜、盘右normal position of telescope(direct telescope)正镜、盘右optical plummet 光学垂准器round 测回set 套、组station 测站距离测量（Distance Measure）barometer 气压计base line(basic line/datum line) 基线battery 电池EDM(electromagnetic distance measurement) 电磁波测距filter 滤光片、滤波器laser alignment system 激光准直系统laser beam 激光束prism 棱镜range 测程、距离long range 远程medium range 中程short range 短程range finder 测距仪signal 信号spring balance 弹簧称tape 卷尺invar tape 铟瓦钢卷尺高程测量（Height Measurement）altitude/elevation 高程、海拔approximate leveling 近似置平、粗平automatic level 自动定平水准仪difference in altitude(difference ofelevation ,height difference) 高差error of closure in leveling 水准闭合差exact leveling 精平、确置平level 水准仪（测点）level circuit 水准闭合环level shoe 水准尺垫line of level 水准线路national geodetic vertical datum 国家大地高程基准面reduced level 归化高差run back 返测run out 往测three-wire leveling 三丝法水准测量地形测量（Topographic Survey）boundary 边界、界线construction stake 施工标桩contour 等高线contour interval 等高距contouring 绘等高线contour-length method 等高线延长法contour line 等高线control network 控制网detail 细部、详图draw 绘图field 外业fix 固定、确定form line 地形图grid 格网information 注记、资料、情报marginal information 轮廓注记large-scale 大比例尺的latitude 纬度、范围latitude circle 纬圈latitude line 纬线legend 图例location 定线、定位longitude 经度longitude line 经线map 地图、制图mapping 制图、测图、地质素描match line 拼接线monument 标石、石柱object 地物、目标plan 平面图、略图plot 绘图profile 断面（图）、纵剖图record 记录、资料setup 定置仪器site location 定位stake out 放样、定线、立桩symbol 符号、记号topographic detail 地形细部topographic map 地形图◆原形观测观测仪器和设施{Instrumentation and Facilities）air-entraining meter 掺气剂Carlson-type piezometer 卡尔逊式渗压计concrete strain meter 砼应变计convergent point 收敛测点direct plumb line 正垂线earth pressure cell 土压力盒embankment piezometer 坝体渗压计embankment strain meter 堤应变计extended wire 引张线foundation piezometer 基础渗压计horizontal inclinometer 水平测斜仪hydraulic instrument 水力学仪器hydrophone 水听器inclinometer casing 测斜管interface joint meter 界面变位计inverted plumb line 倒垂线micro piezometer 微压计multiple position extensometer 多点位移计observation point 观测标点observation well 观测井optical alignment line 视准线plate strain meter 钢板计pneumatic piezometer 气压式渗压计pressure fluctuation meter 脉动压力计prestressed tendon anchorage dynamometer 预应力锚索测力计rock bolt extensometer 锚杆测力计single point extensometer 单点位移计spiral sensor 测扭仪standpipe 测压管strong-motion seismogragh 强震仪surface monument 表面标点temperature sensor 温度传感器terminal house 终端房terminal station 终端站tilt meter 倾角计time average pressure cell 时均压力计total pressure cell 总压力盒velometer 流速计vertical inclinometer 垂直测斜仪vibrating wire piezometer 震旋式渗压计vibrating wire settlement sensor 振旋式沉降仪weir with micro piezometer 带微压计的量水堰working base point 工作基点zero stress-strain meter 砼无应力计附件及配件（Acessories and Spare Parts）coil 盘绕component 零部件coordinator 坐标仪damping box 阻尼角differential resistance 差动电阻double layer rubber sleeve 双层保护forced centering plate 强制对中盘instrument lead 仪器电缆invar wire 铟瓦丝metal ring 金属环plumb coordinate meter 垂线坐标仪pulley 滑轮regulator 调节器riser 立管sensor 传感器spool 绕轴steel socket 钢底座tablet 药片tensioning weight 张拉重锤thermistor 热敏电阻tip 测头安装过程（Procession of Installation）assemble 组装couple 连接embed 埋设install 安装insulate 绝缘maintenance 维护monitor 监测protection of instrumentation 仪器保护reduce 归纳seal 密封splice 拼接supply 提供test 测试资料（Information）assemble schematic 装配简图certificate 合格证书description 使用说明书maintenace guideline 维护指南manual 说明书operating principle 工作原理operating restraint 操作范围procedure 程序trouble shooting procedure 鼓掌分析程序其他（Others）annular space 环行空间data acquisition 数据采集data recording 数据记录leas drilling hole 引线孔permanent record 永久记录readout device 读数设备saturated 饱和的seepage isolation dike 截渗堤trapezoidal 梯形◆水工常规试验砼原材料试验（Test of Raw and Processed Material of Concrete）骨料（Aggregate）abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler洛杉机磨耗量accumulated retained percentage 累计筛余百分率acicular and flaky grain in aggregate 针状与片状颗粒含量alkali-aggregate reaction 碱骨料反应apparent density 视密度bulk density (unity weight) 容重clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate 黏土块及易碎颗粒含量coefficient of softening 软化系数crush index 压碎指标dry state 干燥状态exceeding and inferior grain inaggregate 超逊径颗粒含量fineness modulus 细度模数gaping place rate 空隙率grader retained percentage 分计筛余百分率grain composition 颗粒级配grain size 粒径lightweight matter in aggregate 轻物质含量mica content 云母含量moisture content(water rate) 含水率mud content 含泥量organic content 有机质含量potential reactivity of aggregate 骨料潜在活性saturation 饱和的sieving curve 筛分曲线soft grain in aggregate 软弱骨料含量soundness 坚固性surface moisture content 表面含水率water-soluble sulphide 水溶性硫化物水硬性胶凝材料(Hydraulicity cementitious material)age 龄期cement mark(strength of cement /cement grade) 水泥标号consumptive use of water normal consistance 标准稠度用水量degree of mobilization 流动性dissolution heat ( solution heat ) 溶解热final set 终凝flexural strength 抗弯强度flyash 粉煤灰hydration heat 水化热initial set 初凝loss on ignition(ignition loss) 烧矢量setting time 凝结时间silica fume 硅粉soundness 水泥的安定性specific surface area 比表面积specific heat 比热water demand ratio 吸水量比外加剂（Admixture）bubble stability 泡沫稳定性bubbling ability 起泡能力chloride content 氯化物含量compressive strength rate 抗压强度比contract with dry rate 干缩率dispersing coefficient 分散系数dispersing ability of water-reducing agent 减水剂分散能力loss of slump 塌落度损失sulphate content 硫酸盐含量solid content 固体含量surface tension 表面张力water-reducing rate 减水率水（Water）alkalinity 碱度calcion 钙离子carbonic acid 钙酸chlorion 氯离子equivalent concentration 当量浓度oxygen consumption 耗氧量normal solution (standardsolution) 标准溶液PH value PH值water analysis 水值分析砼（Concrete）砼拌和物（Mixture）assurance strength of concrete 砼保证强度bleeding rate 泌水率cement-sand ration 灰砂比design strength of concrete 砼设计标号flowability of concrete 砼的流动性mix proportion (proportion of mixture) 砼配合比mixture uniformity 拌和物的均匀性penetration-obstruction method 贯入阻力法probability of ensuring strength of concrete 砼强度保证率sand rate 砂率unit consumption of water 单位用水量water retention (water retentiveness) 保水性water-cement ratio 水灰比硬化砼（Hardened concrete）axial tensile strength 轴向抗拉强度coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数cooling rate 冷却率core of concrete 砼芯样creep deformation (time deformation ) 徐变变形form coefficient(form factor) 形状系数freezing -melting circulation 冻融循环frost-resistance mark 抗冻标号heat property of concrete 砼热学性能height-diameter ration 高径比linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数loss of weight 重量损失natural frequency 自振频率permeate 渗透permeated height 渗透高度permeated-resisting mark 抗渗标号relative coefficient of permeability 相对渗透系数resonance frequency 共振频率sample 试件self-grown volume deformation（砼）自生体积变形splitting tensile strength 劈裂抗拉强度static compressive modulus of elasticity 静力抗压弹数temperature conductivity 导温系数tensile modulus of elasticity 抗拉弹性模量thermal insulation warming 绝热温升ultimate tensile strain 极限拉应变ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度wear rate 磨损率wear-resisting strength 抗冲磨强度砂浆（Cement）cement lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement-clay mortar 水泥黏土砂浆epoxy mortar 环氧砂浆lime mortar 石灰砂浆plastering mortar 抹面砂浆pointing joint mortar 勾缝砂浆土（Soil）accumulation curve (cumulative curve) 累计曲线activity index 活性指标angle of friction 摩擦角Atterberg limits(water content as limit) 阿太堡界限（界限含水量）California bearing ratio 载重比coarse-grained soil 粗粒土coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of cubicalcompressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数compression 压缩compression index 压缩指数compression modulus 压缩模数consolidated-undrained (quick) shear test 固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验consolidated-drained (slow) shear test 固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验consolidation 固结consolidation coefficient 固结系数consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation stress 固结应力continuous grading/gradation 连接级配contraction test(shrinkage test) 收缩试验core cutter method 环刀法creep curve 蠕变曲线critical slope 逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy's law 达西定律degree of consolidation 固结度degree of free swelling 自由膨胀率direct shear test 直接剪切试验direct shear test of reiteration 反复直剪强度试验distribution curve 分布曲线drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow) 流土effective angle of inner friction 有效内摩擦角effective strength envelope 有效强度包线expansion force 膨胀力expansion ration(specific expansion) 膨胀率filtering flow(seepage flow) 渗流fine-grained soil 细粒土flow net(drift net) 流网hydraulic slope 水力坡降hydrometer method 比重计法hydrostatic head method 常水头法limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态liquefaction 液化liquid limit 液限liquidity index 液化指标maximum dry density 最大干密度method of sieving 筛分法Mohr's stress circle 莫力应力圆Mohr-coulomb failure criteria 莫尔-库伦破坏准则normal stress 法向应力（正应力）oedometer curve 压缩曲线optimum moisture content 最优含水量piping 管涌plastic limit 塑限plasticity index 塑性指标pore water pressure 空隙水压力porosity 空隙率principal stress 主应力Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验relative density 相对密度sand replacement method 灌砂法saturability (saturation degree/percent saturation) 饱和度saturated unit weight 饱和容重seepage deformation 渗透变形seepage force(seepage pressure) 渗透力seepage line 渗透线seepage speed 渗透速度shear stress 切向应力（剪应力）shrinkage limit 缩限skip(gap/jump) grading 间断级配specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重steady seepage field 稳定渗流场stress path 应力路径total strength envelope 总强度包线triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验unconfined compression strength 无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated undrained test 不固结不排水剪（快剪）试验variable head method 变水头法void(pore) ratio 孔隙比water replacement method 灌水法wet density 湿密度其它建筑材料钢筋（steel ）bending and unbending 反复弯曲cold bending test 冷弯试验elongation test 拉伸试验nominal diameter 公称直径ratio of elongation 伸长率relaxation test 松弛试验steel strand 钢绞线tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服强度ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度木材（Wood）curshing strength paralled to the grain 顺纹抗压强度tensile strength paralled to thegrain 顺纹抗拉强度crushing strength across th egrain 横纹抗压强度tensile strength across to thegrain 横纹抗拉强度沥青（Asphalt）brittle temperature test 脆化点试验expansion test 延伸度试验penetration test 针入式试验softening point test 软化点试验test of aging 老化试验viscosity test 粘滞性试验质量管理（Quality Management）average 平均值deviation standard(error of mean squares) 均方差deviation coefficient(dispersion coefficient) 离差系数index of correlation 相关系数management limit 管理界限mathematic statistics 数理统计maximum 最大值minimum 最小值normal distribution 正态分布quality assurance 质量保证quality examination 质量检测regression curve 回归曲线relative dampness 相对湿度sample capacity 样本容量sampling frequency 取样频率specimen 样品statistical analysis 统计分析technical specification 技术规范technical standard 技术标准testing circumstance 试验环境testing error 试验误差testing regulation 试验规程variance analysis 方差分析◆地质(Geology)地质年代（Geochronology of Geologic Ages）Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）Cenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）Sinian period (system) 震旦纪（系）Cambrian period (system) 寒武纪（系）Ordovician period (system) 奥陶纪（系）Silurian period (system) 志留纪（系）Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）Carboniferous period (system) 石碳纪（系）Permian period (system) 二叠纪（系）Triassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）Tertiary period (system) 第三纪（系）Quaternary period (system) 第四纪（系）地质构造（Geologic Structural）fault 断层normal fault 正断层reversed fault 逆断层parallel fault 平移断层gouge 断层泥stria 擦痕joint 节理primary joint 原生节理secondary joint 次生节理tension joint 张节理unloading joint 卸荷节理schistosity 片理bedding 层理foliation 板理（叶理）ripple mark 波痕mud crack 泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock 岩层产状strike 走向dip 倾向angle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角fold 褶皱anticline 背斜syncline 向斜Monocline (homocline) 单斜dome 穹隆soft stratum 软弱岩层zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造cleavage 解理fracture(rupture) 断裂fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙岩石类型（Rock type）petrology 岩石学igneous rock 火成岩magmatic rock 岩浆岩lava(vocanic rock) 火山岩intrusive (invade) rock 侵入岩effusive rock 深成岩pypabussal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩inter-mediate rock 中性岩basic rock 基性岩ultrabasic rock 超基性岩granite 花岗岩porphyry 斑岩rhyolite 玢岩syenite 流纹岩trachyte 粗面岩diorite 闪长岩andesite 安山岩gabbro 辉长岩basalt 玄武岩aplite 细晶岩pegmatite 伟晶岩lamprophyre 煌斑岩diabase 辉绿岩dunite 橄榄岩pumice 浮岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩clastic rock 碎屑岩clay rock 黏土岩chemical rock 化学岩biolith 生物岩conglomerate 砾岩siltstone 粉砂岩mudstone 泥岩shale 页岩saline rock 盐岩limestone 石灰岩dolomite 白云岩marl 泥灰岩volcanic breccia 火山角砾岩volcanic agglomerate 火山块集岩tuff 凝灰岩metamorphic rock 变质岩slate 板岩phyllite 千枚岩schist 片岩gneiss 片麻岩quartzite 石英岩marble 大理岩mylonite 糜棱岩migmatite 混合岩cataclasite 碎裂岩sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）boulder 漂石、顽石cobble 卵石gravel 砾石sand 砂siltstone 粉土clay 黏土sandy clay 砂质黏土clayey sand 粘质砂土sandy loam 壤土、亚黏土regolith ( topsoil ) 浮土、表土loess 黄土laterite 红土peat 泥炭ooze 软泥、海泥造岩矿物（Rock-forming Minerals）talc 滑石gypsum 石膏calcite 方解石fluorite 萤石apatite 磷灰石feldspar 长石quartz 石英topaz 黄玉corundum 刚玉diamand 金刚石orthoclase 正长石plagloclase 斜长石biotite 黑云母muscovite 白云母amphibole 角闪石phroxene 辉石olivine 橄榄石dolomite 白云石kaolinite 高岭石montmorillonite 蒙脱石bentonite 斑脱石、膨润土illite 伊力石garnet 石榴子石chlorite 绿泥石serpentine 蛇纹石pyrite 黄铁矿hematite 赤铁矿magnetite 磁铁矿limonite 褐铁矿工程地质（Engineering Geology）G eotechnics ( geotechnique) 土工学（土工技术、岩石工程）rock mechanics 岩石力学soil mechanics 土力学geomechanics 地质力学、岩石力学engineering geologicalconditons 工程地质条件engineering geological problem 工程地质问题rock mass structure 岩体结构geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形地貌条件geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象hydrogeological conditions 水文地质条件natural materials 天然材料reservoir 水库settlement 沉降displacement 位移deformation 变形tectonic stress 构造应力residual stress 残余应力angle of internal friction 内摩擦角cohesion 内聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）pressure tunnel 压力隧洞underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室overburden 覆盖物bed rock(base rock/foundation rock) 基岩firm/sound rock 坚硬岩石weak/soft rock 软弱岩石interbed 夹层zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎带homogeneity 均质性nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均质性isotropy 各向同性anisotropy 各向异性矿物质的物理性质(Physical Character of Minerals)hardness 硬度luster 光泽color 颜色transparencey/pellucidity 透明度streak 条痕rent/fracture 断口crystal form 晶形岩石学(Petrology)classification 分类structure 构造应力texture 结构fabric 组构mineral composition 矿物组成crystalline 结晶质amorphous substance 非晶质fossil 化石degree of rounding 磨圆度degree of grains 粒度地层地貌(Stratum andPhysiognomy) basin 盆地river valley 河谷river bed 河床topography 地形terrain 地势attitude 产状rock base ( batholite) 岩基rock stock 岩株rock flow 岩流rock loccolith 岩盖rock lopolith 岩盆rock dike 岩墙rock sill 岩床vein dyke 岩脉sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）alluvium 冲积物（层）proluvium(diluvium) 洪积物（层）deluvium 坡积物（层）eluvium 残积物（层）eolian deposit 风积物（层）lake deposit 湖积物（层）marine deposit 海积物（层）glacial (drift) deposit 冰川沉积物（层）colluvial deposit (colluvium) 崩积物（层）cross-bedding 交错层geologic structure 地质构造geotectonics 大地构造学graben 地堑horst 地垒cordance(conformity) 整合discordance(unconformity) 非整合deceptive cordance /conformity 假整合地质作用(Physical Geology Action) weathering 风化erosion 侵蚀transportation 搬运deposition/sediment 沉积denudation 剥蚀corrasion 磨蚀corrosion 腐蚀dissolution 溶蚀landslide 滑坡collapse(rock fall) 崩塌mud flow 泥石流earthquake 地震intensity 烈度magnitude 震级◆水文(Hydrology)ground water(subsurface water) 地下水surface water 地表水atmospheric water 大气水runoff 径流fresh /plain /sweet water 淡水river flow/discharge 河水流量peak flood flow 洪峰流量flood out flow 洪水下泄流量dry season 枯水季wet season 丰水季flood (raining) season 汛期non-flood season 非汛期5% frequency flood 20 年一遇洪水flood control 防汛（二）工程施工.机电类◆金属结构（Hydromechanical work) 闸门(Gate)service gate 工作门emergency gate 事故门maintenance gate 检修门sector gate 弧形闸门eccentric hinge sector gate 偏心铰闸门plane gate 平面闸门fixed wheel plane gate 定轮平面闸门trashrack 拦污栅trash rake 清污机预埋件（Embedded Parts）sill 底砍main guide 主轨auxiliary guide 副轨reverse guide 反轨side guide 侧轨lintel 门楣steel liner 钢衬high pressure water pipe 高压冲水管pressure balance water pipe 冲水水平管组件/部件（Assembly/parts）gate leaf 门叶crank 拐臂arm 支撑seal 水封main seal 主水封side seal 侧水封top seal 顶水封bottom seal 底水封auxiliary seal 辅助水封、节流器clip plate 压板slide block 滑块side slide block 侧向滑块reverse slide block 反向滑块fixed wheel 定轮main wheel 主轮side wheel 侧轮ballast 配重lifting ear 吊耳lifting link 拉杆trunion 支饺hinge 铰链hinged support 饺座hinged shaft 铰轴cover 端盖trunion beam 支饺梁dogging beam 锁定梁启闭机（Hoist）wire rope hoist 固定卷扬式启闭机hydraulic hoist 液压启闭机monorail hoist 单轨启闭机overhead crane 桥机bridge crane 桥机support frame 机架reducer 减速器motor 电动机pulley 滑轮live pulley 动滑轮fixed pulley 定滑轮equalizer pulley 平衡滑轮drum 卷筒steel wire rope 钢丝绳position sensor 高度传感器load sensor 荷载传感器brake 制动器hydraulic system 液压系统oil cylinder 油缸piston rod 活塞杆pump station 泵站oil tank 邮箱pipe 管道filter 过滤器accumulator 蓄能器valve 阀logic valve 逻辑阀check valve 单向阀ball valve 球阀cartridge valve 插装阀solenoid operated directional valve 电磁换向阀门式起重机（Grantry Crane）rail 轨道lifting mechanism 起升机构traveling mechanism 运行机构inspection trolley 检修小车gantry 门架support column 门腿primary beam 主梁bridge beam 横梁cross beam 端梁side beam 边梁lifting beam 起吊梁hook 吊狗buffer 缓冲装置rail clamping device 夹轨器driving wheel 主动轮driven wheel 从动轮其他（Others）abnormal vibration 反常震动activate 激活anti-clockwise 逆时针anticorrosion 防腐carry on 继续进行carry out 执行clockwise顺时针commissioning 试运行concentricity deviation 同心度偏差connect 连接debris 碎片de-energize 断电detect 探测dry test 无水试验dynamic loading test 动载试验energize 给……加电erection 架立expansion 伸展fasten 扣紧fit 安装flowing water 动水gate closure 闭门gate opening 启门gate position restoration 门位恢复idle test 空载试验impact 碰撞in pressure balance condition 平压条件下lift……into position 将……起吊到位locate 定位lower 降下manual operation 手动操作noise 噪声note 记录operating gap 运作空隙pack 衬垫particle 微粒perform 执行position accurately 精确定位precise 精确的pre-set 预留/预置press button 按下按钮progressively 逐渐地purity 纯度push 推reliable 可靠的residual oil 余油retraction 回缩run 运行secure 保护separately or simultaneously 单独/同时地set up 架设setting 设置/读数shim 薄垫片slack 松弛static loading test 静载试验still water 静水switch off 切断synchronize 同步tighten 拧紧under water head condition 水压作用条件下wet test 有水试验◆焊接和无损检验（Welding and Nondestructive Testing）焊接{Welding）arc strike 引弧/弧伤arc welding 电弧焊automatic welding 自动焊back gouging 背面清根backing 垫板base metal 母材build-up welding 堆焊/补焊butt joint 对接接头carbon rode 碳棒complete fusion 完全融合corner joint 角接接头covered electrode 涂料焊条coupon 试件direct current electrodenegative(DCEN) 直流电极接负direct current electrodepositive(DCEP) 直流电极接正double welding 双面焊double-bevel groove weld 双斜边坡口焊缝double-J groove weld 双面J 型坡口焊缝double-U groove weld 双面U型坡口焊缝double-Vee groove weld 双面V 型坡口焊缝electrode 焊条/电极electrode holder 焊钳electrosgas welding 电气焊electroslag welding 电渣焊filler metal 填充金属fillet weld 角焊缝full fillet weld 大填角焊缝flat welding 平焊flux 焊剂flux cored arc welding 药芯焊丝弧焊forehand welding 左焊法friction welding 摩擦焊full penetration weld 全融透焊缝fusion 熔合fusion line 熔合线groove weld 坡口焊缝heat affecter zone 热影响区horizontal welding 横焊lap joint 搭接接头machine welding 机器焊manual welding 手工焊overhead welding 仰焊oxyfuel gas cutting(OFC) 氧燃料气割oxyfuel gas welding(OFW) 氧燃料气焊partial penetration weld 非全融透焊缝pass 焊道peening 锤击plasma arc welding 等离子弧焊plug weld 塞焊porosity 气孔postheating 后热postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理preheating 预热resistance welding 电阻焊seal weld 密封焊缝seam welding 缝焊semi-automatic welding 半自动焊single-bevel groove weld 单斜边坡口焊缝single-J groove weld 单面J 型坡口焊缝single-U groove weld 单面U型坡口焊缝single-Vee groove weld 单面V型坡口焊缝slag inclusion 夹渣spot welding 点焊square groove weld 直坡口焊缝submerged arc welding 埋弧焊tack welding 定位焊undercut 咬边vertical welding 立焊weld head 焊道weldment 焊件无损检验（Nondestructive Testing）angled beam 斜射波back scatter 背散射calibration block 校准试块cleaning agent 清洗剂contact beam 接触波couplaut 偶合剂crimp 褶皱definition 清晰度delayed sweep 延时扫描detergent 去污剂developer 显像剂double-wall viewing 双壁透照echo 回波eddy current examination 涡流检验emulsifier 乳化剂examination medium 检验介质exposure 暴光inage quality indicator 象质显示器inspector 检验师liquid penetrants testing 渗液检验magnetic particle testing 磁粉检验mass spectrometer 质普仪nondestructive inspection 无损探伤penetrameter 透度计penetrant 渗透剂radiographic testing 射线检验scan 扫描scratch 划痕search unit 探头single-wall viewing 单壁透照sniffer 嗅探器straight beam 直射波streak 条纹ultrasonic instrument 超声仪ultrasonic testing 超声波检验visual testing 目测、外观检验wheel search unit 轮式探头X-ray machine X-射线仪◆水轮机（Hydraulic Turbine）hydraulic turbine 水轮机reaction turbine 反击式水轮机impulse turbine 冲击式水轮机francis turbine 混流式水轮机axial turbine 轴流式水轮机prototype turbine 原型水轮机rated head 额定水头effective head 有效水头net head 净水头maximal head 最大水头minimal head 最小水头spiral case 蜗壳stay ring 座环wicket gate 导叶main shaft 主轴shaft seal 主轴密封coupling flange 连接法兰runner 转轮runner crown 转轮上冠runner band 转轮下环runner cone 转轮泄水锥runner blade/bucket 转轮叶片head cover 顶盖bottom ring 底环discharge ring 基础环draft tube 尾水管draft tube cone 尾水锥管draft tube elbow 尾水肘管governor 调速器governor cubicle/cabinet 调速器柜oil pressure tank/vessel 压力油罐oil sump tank 回油箱gate ring 控制环distributor 导水机构shear pin 剪断销ring gate 筒形阀servomotor 接力器efficiency 效率output 出力discharge 流量sir admission system 补气系统vortex 涡流检验special tool 专用工具auxiliary equipment 辅助设备damper/absorber/cushion 减震器、阴尼器runout 摆度water hammer 水击guide bearing 导轴承operation condition 运行工况opening 开度cavitation 空蚀erosion resistant coating 抗磨涂层load 负荷inertia 惯性flywheel effect 飞轮效应time constant 时间常数mandoor 进入门pit liner 机坑里衬elastic layer 弹性垫层turbine pit 机坑feedback 反馈main distributing valve 主配压阀solenoid 线圈relay 继电器transfer function 传递函数◆机械通用词汇abrasion performance 耐磨性abrasion test 磨耗试验accessory 附件、配件、零件accuracy 准确性、精度anti-corrosion 抗蚀balance test 平衡试验bearing 轴承bearing box 轴承箱bearing bush 轴瓦、轴套bearing carrier 轴承座bearing collar 轴承环、推力头bearing cover 轴承盖bearing journal 轴颈bend 弯头bend radius 弯曲半径bending strength 抗弯强度bolt 螺栓bore 钻孔bore machine 镗床brake valve 制动阀by-pass 旁通callipers 卡尺cardan shaft 万向轴cast 铸造characteristic test 特性试验chock 楔子、垫块clamp 卡头、夹板clearing of fault 故障排除clip 夹具、钳coat 涂层correction value 矫正值cottor pin 开口销coupling flange 联结法兰damping device 缓冲装置deflection 挠度density 密度derusting 除锈descale 除垢deviation 偏差dial 刻度盘dial gauge 千分尺distort 变形dowel pin (setpin) 定位销eccentric cam 偏心凸轮eccentric pin 偏心销eccentricity 偏心、偏心率、偏心度elastic bearing 弹性轴承elastic deformation 弹性变形elastic limit 弹性极限facility 设备、设施factory assembly 工厂装配fashioned iron 型钢feed pipe 供水管female end 内止口field welding 现场焊缝finish 表面光洁度、精加工fitting allowance 装配公差fitting assembling 零件装配fitting face 配合面flange 法兰flatness 平整度flaw 缺陷flexibility 挠性、柔性forge 锻造foundation 基础friction 摩擦gauge 规、计、表gear 齿轮globe valve 球阀grade 等级hardness 硬度heat treatment 热处理interface 分界面、接触面、接口joint接头、接缝、连接、焊接joint face 结合面、接缝面lubricant 润滑剂、润滑材料lubrication circuit 润滑管道lubrication oil 润滑油machine 机加工machine tool 机床male end 外止口monkey wrench 活动扳手nail 钉子nipple 管接头nut 螺母o-ring O 形环operating condition 运行情况pretreatment 预处理process 流程、工艺screw cap 螺帽spigot 套管、止口stroke 行程valve 阀门verticality 垂直度washer 垫圈wedge 楔子板◆电气设备及元器件（Electrical Equipment & Element Parts）generator 发电机motor 电动机3-phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor三相鼠笼式电动机3-phase wind asynchronous 三相绕线式电动机motor armature 电枢brush 电刷coil 线圈、绕组energizing coil 励磁线圈stator 定子stator core 定子铁芯stator winding 定子绕组rotator 转子transformer 变压器isolating transformer 隔离变压器mutual inductor 互感器current transformer(CT) 电流互感器potential transformer(PT) 电压互感器high-voltage equipment 高压电器breaker 断路器isolating switch 隔离开关bushing 套管insulator 绝缘子suspended insulator 悬式绝缘子column-type insulator 支柱绝缘子reactor 电抗器capacitor 电容器lightning rod 避雷针（器）low-voltage electric appliance 低压电器。
水利水电工程专业英语词汇整理_ZCJ
A:asphalt沥青aquifer含水层adiabatic绝热的arch dam拱坝a storage or conservation reservoir蓄水水库accessory附件，配件at the foot of..坝后arch action拱效应abutment坝肩ancillary附属的available 可获得的available material 现有的材料angle折角air-driven气动annual temperature cycle稳定温度appurtenant structure次要建筑物age龄期alkali-aggregate reaction碱骨料反应absorption吸水性B:bus母线，总线be monolithic with与..连成整体bed河床be away from..引水式bulk cement散装水泥bituminous沥青的best advantage最优binding agent胶凝材料buttress dam支墩坝Bulk-mineral 矿物质batch配料batch plant拌和楼bucket料，罐C:construction施工concrete混凝土creep徐变，渗水cutoff截流constant常数condensation凝结conceptual概念上的cyclone气旋collide碰撞convection对流convergence集中conduit管道conduit system输水系统current 流c.大约的cyclopean masonry巨石cf.参阅constrain抑制concrete face面板curvature曲率cupola or double curvature arch dam双曲拱坝cut-off防渗墙categorized分类coarse-grained粗粒度的compact压实consideration考虑因素cure养护cement hydration process水泥硬化过程coarse aggregate粗骨料crane起重机cableway缆机content用量consolidate巩固consolidation密实consistency稠度closest practicable最可行的correct emphasis on恰如其分地强调crushing strength抗压强度cylinder圆柱体cube立方体cutting core取芯样chemical attack化学侵蚀crack裂缝composite material复合材料compressive strength抗压强度compressive stress压应力D:dispose处理，处置deposition沉积作用，沉淀droplet小水滴dew point露点depression洼地dissipate消散diversion system引水系统draft tube尾水管dry mortal干砂浆derivative衍生物dome圆屋顶decked buttress大头坝draw-off抽取discharge排水decked rockfill dam面板堆石坝zoned rockfill dam分区堆石坝discrete离散的defined zone分区designated指定的designation名称durability耐久性dozer推土机distribution分部desirable structure理想结构E:estuary河口evaporation蒸发evapotranspiration蒸散发eutrophication富营养化elevated提高的erosion腐蚀equator赤道energy dissipation消能empoly采用embankment dam土石坝earthfill embankment土坝escalate逐步增强，逐步上升excavate开挖external外部的elastic modules弹性模量F:feasible可行的，切实可行的feed water供水function函数，运行foerbay前池fresh water淡水flood plain洪泛区flood wall防洪墙front锋flow-control valve流量控制阀facing装饰面floor of the valley谷底flat slab buttress平板坝frictional摩擦力的fine aggregate细骨料facilitate使便利fresh concrete新拌制的混凝土fatigue strength疲劳强度flexural strength抗弯强度floor slab楼板G:generate 发电granite花岗岩groundwater地下水geo-membrane土工膜generate 产生gravity dam重力坝gate闸门guide vane导叶generator发电机gallery廊道green cut冲毛gradient梯度given特定的H:hydroelectric power station 水力发电站hydrologic cycle水文循环hydrosphere水圈hail冰雹head水头hydraulic structure水工建筑物horizontal construction joint水平施工缝hollow gravity dam空腹重力坝homogeneous section均质断面horizontal arch水平拱high-capacity mechanical plant重型机械highly mechanized process高度机械化的过程high-pressure air-water jet高压水-气喷射heat generated as cement hydrates水泥水化产生的热量harden硬化的I:interception植物截留impervious不透水的irrigation灌溉infiltration渗透intensity强度intake进水口initially最初地interval间隔integrity完整性impound蓄水instance例子impervious element防渗体intensively集中的intensive密集的incorporate采用impermeability抗渗性installation安装in some manner从某种程度上instantaneous stiffness瞬时刚度J:joint接缝K:karst岩溶Karez,Kariz坎儿井kinetic动力学的，动的L:large power station 大型电站load荷载lithosphere岩石圈levee堤防latent energy潜在能量lightened轻型的labour劳动lean贫M:masonry砖石结构，砌石meander 蜿蜒manifold多支管motion运动，移动merge汇moisture湿气，水气masonry dam圬工坝mechanical energy机械能mass concrete大体积混凝土multiple arch dam连拱坝moisture content含水量mix搅拌monolith坝段，巨型独石mix design配合比设计mixture proportioning配合比main reinforcement主筋N:navigation航运nature of duty工作特性normal maximum water level正常蓄水位nonoverflow section非溢流坝段compaction压实normal法向negative moment负弯矩O:overstressing超限应力P:perched water table上层滞水面pore 毛孔，小孔，气孔precipitation降水percolation渗水，渗漏pondage贮水pressure tunner压力隧道penstock压力管道periods of peak flows蓄水期periods of low flows枯水期power house厂房profile外形，轮廓，剖面pulverized fuel ash(PFA)粉煤灰principal主要的prominent最杰出的passage通过pervious透水的place铺筑，浇筑plant intensive机械化proportion配比preparation备仓perform实施precooling 预冷postcooling 后冷pozzolans火山灰property性质paste binder砂浆，水泥浆prefabricated units预制构件part of a structure结构部位precast concrete预筑混凝土preassemble预先绑扎,预装配permeability渗透性positive moment正弯矩preclude妨碍Q:quartzite石英岩R:runoff径流resettlement移民reservoir水库retaining structure挡水建筑物rainfall降雨rainfall intensity降雨强度rigid dam刚性坝R.C.C.（roller compacted concrete）碾压混凝土rack（trash rack）进水口拦污栅rotor转子rotate旋转rubble碎石rockfill dam堆石坝radius半径rarity罕见river diversion导流readily容易地rail有轨机车rapid placement using construction technique快速浇筑施工工艺relative proportion相对比例right angle直角S:strength强度sufficient足够的storage capacity库容saturation饱和sleet雪籽,霰sublimation升华spillway溢洪道surge tank调压室stator定子switchgear开关装置switch yard 开关站slag矿渣structurally结构上的shell壳体结构seismic disturbance地震扰动stilling basin消力池shaft竖井,轴secondary次要的secondary dam副坝section坝段supporting shoulders (心墙上下游侧的)坝壳slender薄的solid concrete structure实体砼结构site condition坝址条件slump坍落度spread摊铺successive layer连续层spud-type vibrator插入式振捣器mould 铸模，模具specimen试件simulate模拟sleeper枕木static ultimate极限静荷载splitting tensile strength劈裂抗拉强度shear strength抗剪强度stirrup箍筋steelbars钢筋stem from起源于stiffness刚度strain应变stress 应力shrinkage收缩subject受..的影响T:tracker(boat tracker) 纤夫turbid浑浊的transpiration蒸腾topography地形，地势tailwater尾水turbine涡轮transformer变压器step-up升压tailrace尾水渠transverse contraction joints横缝thermal热的term术语tensile stress拉应力tensile strength抗拉强度transverse bars横向钢筋longitudinal steel纵筋timber木材U:uniformly均一地utilize利用undergo 遭受，忍受，经历undesirable segregation and voids不理想的骨料分离和孔隙upstream上游的upstream face上游面V:variant变种volume of concrete混凝土的体积vertical垂直的vibration振捣vulnerability脆弱性vibratory rollers震动碾volume changes体积变化version版本vertical joint纵缝W:watershed流域water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering水利水电工程water table：top of zone of saturation地下水位线wetland湿地weir堰water hammer水锤water load水荷载workability工作度，和易性wet sand-blasting湿沙喷射water/cement ration水灰比weathering风化wear磨损widening开展Y:yield 屈服。
水利专业英语词汇
1-yr 24-hr rainfall 设计年最大24小时暴雨50-year frequency flood 50年一遇洪水a lump of 一块a matter of 是个...问题a multitude of 许多的，众多的A.D. Anno Domini公元above all 尤其是，首先是abrasive磨蚀的，磨损的abutment 座，坝座abutment 坝座accessibility 接近性accommodation 适应，供应accurate 精确地，确切的acre 英亩actuating 启动，操纵acute 尖锐的adhere 遵守adhere to 遵守adjustable-blade 转叶的，叶片可调的advisable适当的aeration 通风，通气aerobic 需氧的，有氧的aesthetics 美学Afghanistan 阿富汗agency 机构，力量agent n. 因素agent 动因，力量aggravate 使恶化，加重aggregate 骨料air-delivery system 输气系统alga n. 海藻；藻类algal a. 藻类的alignment 定线allowable stress 允许应力allowance允许，限额，考虑alluvial valleys 冲积峡谷，冲积流域alter 改变，变化alumina 矾土analytical findings 分析成果anchor 苗定，固定anneal 韧化，热处理annual dollar volume 年费用annum 一年anticipate 预测，预计anticipate 预期，在...之前appreciably 明显的，可观的approval 赞成，批准aquatic水生的，水生植物aqueduct 沟渠，输水道aquifer 地下水，地下含水层as far as conveniently 尽量比较远as yet 到目前为止as（so）far as…is concerned 就…而论asphalt沥青，柏油assembly 集合，装配，议会assess 估价，确定，查定assess 估值assessment 评价，评估asset 财富，（pl）资产assumption 假设astronomer 天文学家asymmetry 不对称at right angles 成直角atmostpheric refraction 大气折光attack 侵袭，腐蚀，投入augment v. 增大，扩大auxiliary 辅助的，备用的availability 可得性，可用性available 可利用的available discharge 可用流量，有效流量available head 可用水头avalanche 山崩，崩塌，涌至avocado n. 鳄梨awarding contract 签订合同B.C. 公元前Babbitt 乌金backhoe 反向铲backsight 后视bagwork 装袋工作，沙包balancing cut and fill 挖填平衡bare cost 裸值barragebarrage 拦河坝，挡水建筑物barricade 路障，挡墙basalt 玄武岩basin irrigation 格田淹没batching 配料，计量be （directly/inversely）…to 与…成正/反比be about to do sth. 即将做，不就就要做be defined as (被)定义为be essential to 对、、是必须的be expressed as (被)表达为be in urgent need 急需be indicative of 表现出be laden with 装满be lost in the mists of prehistory 史前渐被遗忘be of consequence 有意义be of the order of 大约，约为be sufficient for 足以满足be sufficient to 足够做bearing 轴承beaver 水獭皮，埋头苦干bedrock 基岩beef 牛肉bench mark（B.M) 水准点berm 小平台bicarbonate 重碳酸盐bid 出价，尝试bidder 出价人，投标人blade 叶片blanket 铺盖block 堵塞，断路，阻挡block 块体blotting 吸去，涂去bluff 陡壁bonus n. 附带的优点boost 提高border 边沿，边界border irrigation 畦灌borrow 借，采料场botton dump 底卸式boulder 漂砾boundary condition 边界条件brackish有盐味的，碱化的breaking stress 破坏应力British Standards(BS) 英国标准broadly speaking 概括地说bronze 青铜bucket 戽斗，轮叶buckling 屈曲buckling 弯曲build up 加固bulkhead隔板，围堰bulldozer 推土机，压路机bureau 局，科butrescible 会腐败的，容易腐烂的buttress 支持物，支柱，加强ca.=circa 大约cableway 索道，缆道cage 骨架call for bid 招标cam 凸轮camber 预留部分camp 帐篷，工房canal lining渠道衬砌，运河衬砌cantilever 支撑木canyon 峡谷capillary 毛细作用，毛细现象capital cost 造价，投资费用Capital recovery cost 资金偿还贷care must be exercised 必须满意carrot胡萝卜，屑carry-over 夹带，转移，滚进carry-over storage 年调节库容casing 蜗壳cast iron 铸铁cast steel 铸铜catchment 集水，集水处，流域，集水量category 种类，类别，部门cavitation 空蚀Celsius a.,n. 摄氏（温度）cementing粘结，胶结center-pivot a. 自转的centers 中心距centrifugal force 离心力centroid 距心，重心cereals 谷物，粮食作物charting 制图chief engineer 总工程师chisel 雕，凿chlorine n. 氯气choke 淤塞，阻塞塞满chord 弦chute 斜槽circumference 轮周，周围civil works 土建，土木工程cleaniness 清洁clearing 砍伐，空旷地climatological a. 气候的clogging n. 阻塞；闭合close-growing a. 密集生长的coarse-textured a. 粗组织结构的cobble 圆石coefficient 系数，折算率cofferdam 围堰，防水堰cohesive粘聚的，粘结的coil 线圈，绕级，感应圈coincidence 符合，一致，同时发生collectively 总起来说，共同的combustion 燃烧commence 开始，倡导commencement 开始，开端commensurable 可公度的commensurable to 相当的commensurable with 相应的commercial 商业上的commissioner 专员community 居住区，地区compact 浇筑，压缩compact 压实comparable 比较的compile 编辑，搜集compound interest 复利compound interest factor 复利因子compound 化合物compressed-air plant 压缩空气装置compressive strength 抗压强度conclusion 结论，推论concrete bag work 装袋干拌混凝土concrete bucket 混凝土吊罐concurrent同时发生的condense 凝结conduit 管道，水道confer with 与...商量conjugate 共轭的connate 同源的，同生的consequently 从而，因此conservation 保护conservation 保守的，不变的conservationist n. (自然资源)保护论者consolidation 固结，凝固constancy 不变性，固定性constant 常数constructe 构成，形成consult 商量consume 消耗，消费consumptive a. 消费的，消耗的contamination 污染，弄脏content 内容，容量contour 沿等高线修筑contract 订立合同，承包contractor 承包者，包工头conventional 惯用的，传统的conversion 转化，变换，换算convert to 转化成conveyor 输送机core 心墙core 心墙corporation 公司corps of Engineers 工程师协会correlation 关联，相关性，互相关系corrugation n. 田间浅沟；波状沟cosmic 宇宙的，广大无边的costly 昂贵的，重价的cover up 包裹，隐藏，掩盖cracking 破裂creep 渗水，漏电crisis 危机，紧急关头criterion 标准，依据critical period of demand 需水临界期cross section 截面cross-section 横断面crown 冠crown cantilever analysis 拱冠悬臂梁分析crumb n. 碎屑crush 轧碎crushing 挤压，压碎crushing strength 破坏强度cultivate vt. 耕种；开垦；种植culvert 涵洞，暗渠，电缆管道culvert n. 涵洞，阴沟curb 路沿石，路牙cure 养护curved dam 弧形坝customary 通常的，习惯的cut 切割，剪辑，分割cut back 减少；降低cutoff 截水墙，排水管，防渗幕cylinder 圆柱体cylinder 圆柱汽缸Dalton’s low 道尔顿定律dashed line 虚线datum 基准面debris 碎片decimal fraction （十进制）小数decline 下降，下落deductive 推论的deficit 欠缺，不足deflection 挠度degradation 降低degradation 降解，减低degree of compaction 压实度delay 抑制，减速，推迟，deliberate考虑，讨论，谨慎的，故意的delta n. 三角洲deluge 洪水，大水灾，大雨，暴雨deployment配置，部署，利用deposit 沉积物deposition 沉积，沉淀物depression降低desalt 除去、、盐分detention basin 蓄洪区，拦洪区devastate 使...荒废devastating floods 毁灭性的洪水device 方法，手段devise 想出，设计diastrophic 地壳运动的differential leveling 水准测量dike 堤，坝dilute 稀释，冲淡dilution n. 稀释，冲淡direct tension 轴向受位disburse 支付，付出dischange capacity 泄水能力discharge卸下，排放disk 转轮，圆盘disk 转轮，圆盘disposal works 排水枢纽distinct 与其他不同，定量的distinguish between 区别、、和、、distribution reservoir 配水水库divert 使转向，分水do what he can 力所能及的downgrade 下坡downhill 下坡draft tube 尾水管dragline 绳斗电铲，拉铲挖土机dragline牵引索drainage basin 流域drainage blanket 排水铺盖drainage gallery 排水廊道drainage modulus排水模数dredge挖泥机drift 飘动，漂浮drill 钻drive into 敲入drought 干旱季节，旱灾durable 耐久的，坚牢的duration 短期的dynamic action 动力作用earth’s curvature 地球曲率earthfills 填上earthwork土方ecological 生态学的ecologist n. 生态学家elevation 高程，海拔eliminate 消除elongated a. 细长的，延长的embankment 土堤emergency spillway 非常溢洪道emergency 紧急，应急emitter n. 滴头；放射机empirical 经验性的，凭经验的encourage 促使encrustation n. 结晶；结壳enhancement 增加，提高enhance增加，提高enmity 不和，纠纷，敌对enterprise 企业，计划entry n. 进入，入口envelope curve 包络线equity 公平，无固定利息的股票equity-capital 新企业投资equivalent to 相当于erection 建设，安装，竖立erection 建筑erode 侵蚀，冲刷erodibility n.侵蚀；冲刷erodible a. 易受腐蚀，侵蚀，冲刷erosion 侵蚀，腐蚀，侵害escape 涌出，逸出establish 建立，设立，制定，规定evapotranspirtion n. 腾发（量）eventually 终于，最后evidence 明显，根据evoke 唤起，博得。
水利水电英汉词汇
水利水电工程地质常用词汇（汉英对照）1.地质年代geological period (2)2.岩性rock character (2)2．1 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit (2)2．2 沉积岩sedimentary rock (2)2.3变质岩metamorphic rock (3)2.4 火成岩igneous rocks (5)3.常见矿物mineral (6)4. 颜色(Colour) (7)5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure) (8)5.1岩石结构Rock structure (8)5.2岩体结构Rock mass structure (8)6.地质构造Geological structure (8)6.1断层(fault) (9)6.2褶皱(fold) (9)6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed) (10)6.4结构面性状 (10)7.物理地质现象 (10)7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷 (10)7.2崩塌、滑坡 (11)7.3岩溶(karst) (11)8．水文地质 (11)8.1地下水类型 (11)8．2渗流状态 (11)9．岩体力学指标 (12)9．1岩石力学参数 (12)9．2土力学参数 (12)9.3岩体力学参数 (12)10. 建筑材料(construction material) (12)11. 试验(experiment) (13)12.水工设计(hydraulic design) (15)12.1设计阶段(design stage) (15)12.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure) (15)13.地质图件和图表 (17)13.1地质图件 (17)13.2地质图表 (20)14.其它 (26)14.1地形、地貌 (26)14.2 地震 (27)14.3 地应力 (27)14.4 边坡 (29)14.5 基础 (29)14.6 地下硐室 (30)14.7 地质勘探 (32)14.8 测量 (33)14.9 施工 (34)1.地质年代geological period代（界）Era(erathem)新生代（界）cenozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）mesozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）palaeozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）proterozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）archaeozoic era (erathem) 晚元古代（上元古亚纪）upper proterozoic subera (suberathem) 中元古代（中元古亚纪）middle proterozoic subera (suberathem)早元古代（下元古亚纪）lower proterozoic subera (suberathem)纪（系）Period (system)第四纪（系）quaternary period (system)第三纪（系）tertiary period (system) 晚第三纪（系）neogene period (system)早第三纪（系）neogene (paleogene) period (system) 白垩纪（系）cretaceous period (system) 朱罗纪（系）jurassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）triassic period (system) 二叠纪（系）permian period (system) 石灰纪（系）carboniferous period (system)泥盆纪（系）devonian period (system) 志留纪（系）silurian period (system) 奥陶纪（系）ordovician period (system)寒武纪（系）combrain period (system) 震旦纪（系）sinian period (system) 世（统）epoch (series)全新世（统）holocene epoch (series) 更新世（统）pleistocene epoch (series) 上新世（统）pliocene epoch (series) 中新世（统）miocene epoch (series) 渐新世（统）oligocene epoch (series) 始新世（统）eocene epoch (series) 古新世（统）paleccene epoch (series) 群Group阶（组）Formation2.岩性rock character 2．1 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit堆积物accumulation冲积物alluvium洪积物diluvium坡积物slope wash滑坡堆积物slide sediments 2．2 沉积岩sedimentary rock漂石erratic boulder孤石lonestone块石rock block卵石pebble碎石debris砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt砂壤土sandy loam壤土loam淤泥mud粘土clay填筑土backfill砾岩conglomerate砾砂岩conglomeratic sandstone 砾石层gravel砾屑白云岩dolorudite砾屑石灰岩calcirudite砾屑岩rudite(rudyte)砾质灰岩（粗粒状灰岩）rudstone 砾质泥gravelly sand砾质片麻岩psephite-gneiss砾质砂gravelly sand砾质砂泥岩yakatagite砾质岩psephite砂岩sandstone砂质角砾岩sandy breccia砂质角岩arenaceous hornfels砂质砾岩sandy conglomerate砂质泥sandy mud砂质泥灰岩sandy marl砂质粘土sandy clay砂质凝灰岩psammite tuff砂质燧石sandy chert砂质亚粘土barra vermelho砂质岩psammite石英砂岩quartzose sandstone长石砂岩feldspathic岩屑砂岩lithite角砾岩breccia粉砂岩siltstone粘土岩claystone（clay rock）粘土板岩caly slate粘土化斑岩claystone porphyry 粘土泥灰岩clay marl粘土页岩clay shale粘土质粉砂clayey silt粘土质角砾岩clayey breccia粘土质砂clayey sand粘土质砂岩clayey sandstone页岩shale钙质页岩calcareous shale铁质页岩feruginous shale 硅质页岩silious shale炭质页岩carbonaceous shale油页岩kerogen shale( oil shale)灰岩、石灰岩limestone鲕状灰岩oolitic limestone粒状灰岩granular limestone板状灰岩platy limestone泥质灰岩argillaceous limestone 结晶灰岩crystalline limestone 致密灰岩compact limestone生物碎屑灰岩bioclastic limestone 白云岩dolomite白云质灰岩dolomitic limestone 白云石质大理岩dolomitic marble 白云质角岩dolomitic hornfels白云质泥灰岩dolomitic-marl白云质泥岩dolomitic mudstone 白云石粘土质泥灰岩dolomite-clay marl白云石片岩dolomitic schist白云石砂岩doloarenite白云石碳酸岩dolomite carbonatite 白云石质砾岩dolomitic marble 泥灰岩marl泥灰质粘土marly clay泥灰质壤土marlaceous loam泥灰质砂岩marly sandstone2.3变质岩metamorphic rock破碎角砾岩catalastic breccia碎裂岩cataclasite糜棱岩mylonite千枚糜棱岩phyllonite板岩slate角斑岩keratophyre角斑玢岩keratophyrite千枚岩phyllite片岩schist云母片岩mica schist滑石片岩talc schist角闪石片岩amphibole schist蓝闪石片岩glaucophane schist绿岩（绿闪石片岩）noricite片麻岩gneiss流纹片麻岩rhyolite-gneiss大理岩marble钙质白云石大理岩calc-dolomite marble石英岩quartzite变质砂岩metasandstone变质长石砂岩meta-arkose变质大理岩metamarble变质辉长岩metagabbro变质基性岩metabasite变质角闪岩metaamphibolite变质结晶岩metaceystalline变质砾岩metaconglomerate变质泥岩metapelite变质片岩metamorphic schist变质闪长岩metadiorite变质石英岩metaquartzite变质碎屑岩metasedimentary变质碳酸盐岩metamorphic carbonate 变质碳酸岩metacarbonatite变质伟晶岩metapegmatite变质细碧岩metaspilite 变质玄武岩metabasalt变质英安岩eodacite变质正长岩metamorphic syenite 变质粉砂岩metamorphic siltstone 角闪岩(斜长角闪岩) amphibolite角闪片岩amphibolite-schist角闪安山岩hungarite角闪玢岩orbite角闪二辉麻粒岩pyribolites角闪沸煌岩giumarrite角闪钙长岩matraite角闪橄榄岩cortlandtite角闪硅酸岩muglalite角闪花岗岩pladorite角闪辉长岩bojite角闪辉绿玢岩proterobase porphyrite 角闪辉绿岩proterobase角闪辉霞岩mestigmerite榴辉岩eclogite榴辉橄榄岩gordunite榴辉角闪岩eclogite榴辉蓝晶岩grospydite榴辉铁橄岩eulysite辉石岩pyroxenite(pyroxenolite) 辉石安山岩pyroxene andesite辉石粗面岩pyroxene trachyte辉石二长岩pyroxene monzonite 辉石橄榄岩pyroxene peridotite 辉石黑云母花岗岩pyroxene-biotite granite辉石黑云母闪长岩pyroxene-biotite diorite辉石花岗岩pyroxene granite辉石辉长岩pyroxene gabbro辉石辉绿岩pyroxene diabase辉石碱性正长岩pyroxene alkali 辉石角闪岩pyroxene hornblendite 辉石麻粒岩pyroxene granulite辉石片麻岩pyroxene gneiss辉石闪长岩pypyroxene diorite辉石石英岩pyroxene quartzite辉石伟晶岩pyroxenite-pegmatite 辉石细晶岩pyroxene aplite辉石岩质蛇纹岩pyroxeneite serpentine辉石英安岩pyroxene dacite辉石正长岩pyroxene syenite 2.4 火成岩igneous rocks橄榄岩peridotite二辉橄榄岩lherzolite辉石橄榄岩pyroxene peridotite 角闪橄榄岩hudsonite橄榄辉长岩olivine-gabbro石英辉长岩quartz-gabbro正长辉长岩orthoclase-gabbro , syenite gabbro, syenogabbro橄榄苏长岩hyperite辉绿岩diabase橄榄辉绿岩olivine-diabase石英辉绿岩quartz-diabase拉斑辉绿岩devonite辉长玢岩garrbo-porphyrite玄武岩basalt拉斑玄武岩tholeiite安山玄武岩andesite basalt苦橄玄武岩hillhouse basalt 正长玄武岩basalatite蓝方玄武岩hauynite(hauyne-basalt) 粗粒玄武岩dolerite隐晶玄武岩aphanitic basalt闪长岩diorite石英闪长岩quartz-diorite角闪闪长岩hornblende diorite辉石闪长岩augite-diorite, pyroxenediorite安山岩andesite安山玄武岩andesite basalt安山拉长岩andesilabradorite安山斑岩andesite-porphyry安山凝灰岩andesite-tuff花岗岩granite花岗闪长岩granodiorite花岗闪长玢岩coroovadite花岗闪长斑岩granodiorite-porphyry 花岗闪长细晶岩granodiorite-aplite 花岗闪长花斑岩granodiorite-granophyre花岗片麻岩granitic gneiss花岗斑岩granite-porphyry流纹岩rhyolite, liparite流纹安山岩rhyoandesite流纹斑岩liparophyre流纹玄武岩rhyobasalt流纹英安岩rhyodacite, dellenite,liparite-dacite英安岩dacite, quartz andesite 英安安山岩dacite-andesite英安斑岩dacite-porphyrite英安流纹岩dacite-liparite正长岩syenite, sinaite正长斑岩syenite-porphyry,orthophyre, orthofelsite正长花岗岩syengranite正长煌斑岩syenite lamprophyre 正长白云岩krivoserite正长辉长岩syenogabbro正长辉绿岩orthobase正长流纹岩kanzibite正长片麻岩syenite gneiss正长片岩syenite-schist正长闪长岩syenodiorite, syenite diorite霞石正长岩nepheline syenite霞石正长细晶岩nepheline syenite-aplite霞石正长伟晶岩nepheline syenite-pegmatite霞石安山岩nepheline andesite霞石斑岩nepheline-porphyry霞石粗安岩tautirite霞石粗面岩nepheline trachyte霞石二长岩nepheline monzonite 霞石辉长岩nepheline gabbro霞石辉石岩nepheline-pyroxene rocks 霞石闪长岩nepheline diorite霞响岩nephelinitoid phonolite霞石玄武岩nepheline tachylite霞石岩nephelinoith响岩phonolite响岩质粗面岩phonolitic trachyte 向霞岩grazinite响质岩phonolitoid响岩质粗面岩phonolitic trachyte 煌斑岩lamprophyre煌斑花岗岩lamprophyre-granite 煌斑片岩lamproschist 煌斑正长岩lamprosyenite云母煌斑岩mica-lapmrophyre云煌岩minette闪辉煌斑岩garganite闪辉正煌岩vogesite闪斜煌斑岩spessartite细晶岩aplite辉长细晶岩beerbachite,gabbro-aplite 闪长细晶岩diorite-aplite斜长细晶岩plagiaplite花岗细晶岩granite-aplite辉长伟晶岩gabbro-pegmatite花岗伟晶岩granite- pegmatite正长伟晶岩syenite-pegmatite火山角砾岩volcanic breccia火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock凝灰岩tuff3.常见矿物mineral滑石talc叶腊石pyrophyllite蒙脱石montmorillonite蛭石vermiculite高岭石kaolinitic水云母hydromica石墨graphite硫sulfur褐铁矿limonite石膏gypsum绿泥石chlorite岩盐halite海绿石glauconite黑云母biotite白云母muscovite软锰矿manganese dioxide铝土矿bauxite蛇纹石serpentine自然金natural gold方解石calcite硬石膏anhydrite重晶石barytes白云石dolomite黄铜矿chalcopyrite闪锌矿blende文石aragonite孔雀石malachite菱镁矿magnesite菱铁矿siderite萤石fluorite硅灰石wollastonite磷灰石apatite兰晶石disthene普通角闪石hornblende 普通辉石augite斜方辉石orthopyroxene 透辉石diopside榍石titanite蛋白石opal钛铁矿ilmenite霞石nepheline透闪石tremolite阳起石actinolite白榴石leucite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite透长石sinidine正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase黄铁矿pyrite绿帘石epidote 绿泥石chlorite符山石egeran橄榄石olivine石英quartz锆石zircon电气石tourmaline红柱石andalusite绿柱石beryl堇青石cordierite十字石staurolite黄玉topaz刚玉corundum金刚石diamond伊利石illite glimmerton 4. 颜色(Colour)粉红色pink橙红色salmon pink浅粉红色baby pink鲜粉红色shocking pink 褐色, 茶色brown灰褐色beige红褐色, 赭石色chocolate 浅褐色sandy beige驼色camel琥珀色amber卡其色khaki褐红色maroon绿色green苔绿色moss green鲜绿色emerald green橄榄绿olive green蓝色blue土耳其玉色turquoise blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色cobalt blue藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色navy blue蓝绿色aquamarine blue红色red绯红, 猩红scarlet紫红mauve葡萄酒红wine red紫色purple, violet淡紫色lavender浅紫色lilac古紫色antique violet紫罗兰色pansy白色white灰白色off-white象牙色ivory雪白色snowy white乳白色oyster white灰色gray炭灰色charcoal gray烟灰色smoky gray雾灰色misty gray5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure) 5.1岩石结构Rock structure斑状结构porphyritic texture变余结构palimpsest structure等粒结构granulitic texture非均匀结构heterogeneous texture 辉绿结构ophitic texture角砾结构brecciated texture矿脉结构vein texture粒状结构granular texture流状结构fluidal texture糜棱结构mylonitic texture砂质结构arenaceous texture粘土质结构argillaceous texture 微晶结构microlitic texture显晶结构phanerocrystalline texture 5.2岩体结构Rock mass structure散体结构Loose structure碎块状结构Fragmental block structure碎屑状结构Clastic structure碎裂结构Cataclastic structure镶嵌结构Interlocked structure片碎结构Sheet- Cataclastic structure块状结构massive structure次块状结构Submassive structure整体结构integral structure6.地质构造Geological structure板状构造platy structure变形构造deformation structure 带状构造banded structure单斜构造uniclinal structure迭瓦构造decken structure多孔构造hiatal texture构造裂隙,压力裂缝,节理diaclase 环带构造,带状构造zonal structure集合体构造aggregate structure结核状构造concretionary structure 球状构造globular structure蠕状构造myrmekitic structure网状构造mesh structure杏仁状构造amygdaloidal structure 眼状构造augen structure雁行构造,梯队构造echelon structure 叶理构造foliation structure柱状构造columnar struture6.1断层(fault)正断层,下落断层downthrown fault 逆断层,上冲断层upthrown fault平移断层displacement fault,strike-slip fault背斜断层anticlinal fault挤压断层compression fault剪切断层shear fault共轭断层conjugated faults雁列断层en echelon faults地垒断层horst fault迭瓦断层mbricate fault逆掩断层,上冲断层overthrust fault 张性断层tension fault深断层abyssal fault 活断层active fault可能活断层capable fault断层擦痕fault striation断层破碎带Fractured zone角砾岩Breccia碎裂岩Cataclasite糜棱岩Mylonite断层泥Fault clay挤压片状岩Sliced rock透镜体Lens石英脉Quartz vein绿帘石脉Epidote vein铁锈,腐锈斑aerugo断层破碎带Fault fractured zone 断层影响带Fault influenced zone 节理密集带Joints dense zone层间挤压面（带）Crushed bedding plane (zone)断层影响带Fault nfluenced zone 6.2褶皱(fold)褶皱作用folding褶皱轴axis of the fold褶皱核foldkern褶皱弧arc of folding褶皱带belt of folded strata弯曲褶皱(地层) buckled folding 扭曲褶皱contorted fold拖曳褶皱drag fold闭合褶皱closed fold直立褶皱erect fold断层褶皱fault fold向斜syncline背斜anticline复背斜anticlinorium倒转背斜overturned anticline倾伏背斜plunging anticline背斜断层anticlinal fault揉皱crumple6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed)节理joint羽状节理feder joint(feather joint) 羽状张节理pinnate tension joint羽状剪节理pinnate shear joint柱状节理columnar joint张性节理,受拉接缝tension joint 张开节理open joint节理玫瑰图joint rosette裂隙Fissure裂隙充填物fissurae filling裂隙间距spacing of fissure裂隙孔隙率fissuration porocity裂隙密度closeness of fissures裂隙频数degree of fissure裂隙水,间隙水interstitial water 微裂缝,微裂隙microfissure层面,顺层面,岩层面,层理,层理面bedding plane断层面fault plane节理面joint plane片理面schistosity plane接合面combination plane 接触面contact plane错动层面faulted bedding plane 不整合面plane of unconformity 软弱面plane of weakness破裂面plane of fracture滑面gliding plane滑移平面,滑动平面slip plane夹层intercalation泥化夹层argillized seam软弱夹层weak intercalated layers siltized粘土夹层clay course6.4结构面性状平直Gentle波动起伏fluctuation,rolling,wave 光滑Smooth粗糙Rough7.物理地质现象7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷风化weathering风化带zone of weathering风化壳crust of weathering风化砂weathering sandstone风化程度weathering degree全风化completely weathered强风化highly weathered弱风化moderately weathered微风化slightly weathered新鲜fresh蚀变alteration物理蚀变physical alteration化学蚀变chemical alteration热液蚀变hydrothermal alteration 蚀变矿物altered mineral蚀变火山岩altered volcanic rocks 卸荷relaxation岩石松弛relaxation of rock应力松弛relaxation of stress卸载岩石,消除应力的岩石relaxed rock7.2崩塌、滑坡崩塌collapse滑坡landslide7.3岩溶(karst)岩溶地形karst topography岩溶[侵蚀]基准karst base level 岩溶景观karst landscape岩溶盆地karst basin岩溶井karst well岩溶水karst water岩溶侵蚀karst erosion 8．水文地质8.1地下水类型地下水,潜水ground water地下水位,潜水位ground water level 地下水排泄区discharge area of ground water地下水位坡降gradient of water table 孔隙潜水pore groundwater裂隙潜水fissure groundwater裂隙承压水fissure artesian groundwater8．2渗流状态渗流,渗漏seepage渗流控制seepage control渗流区vadose region渗流速度percolation velocity渗流压力percolation pressure渗透性permeability渗透系数coefficient of permeability 渗透流量seepage discharge9．岩体力学指标9．1岩石力学参数强度strength抗压强度compressive strength 抗剪强度shear strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗弯强度,抗折强度bending strength 单轴抗压强度uniaxial compressive strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tensile strength 无侧限抗压强度unconfined compressive strength无排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余强度residual strength长期强度long term strength峰值(抗剪强度) peak value (of shearing strength)凝聚力,内聚力cohesion围压强度strength under peripheral pressure9．2土力学参数变形deformation 弹性变形elastic deformation塑性变形plastic deformation弹塑性变形elastic-plastic deformation粘弹性变形viscoelastic deformation 粘滞塑性变形,粘塑性变性visco-plastic deformation均匀变形homogeneous deformation 不均匀变形nonaffine deformation不可恢复变形,永久变形irreversible deformation屈服变形yield deformation徐变变形,蠕变变形creep deformation 渗透变形seepage deformation9.3岩体力学参数弹性模量elasticity modulus变形模量deformation modulus 剪切模量shear modulus粘弹性模量viscoelastic modulus 压缩模量modulus of compression 10. 建筑材料(construction material)天然骨料natural aggregate人工骨料artificial aggregate粗骨料coarse aggregate细骨料fine aggregate碱活性骨料alkali-reactive aggregate 混凝土骨料concrete aggregate人工砂artificial sand掺和料admixture配料batching石料rock material土料earth material开挖料excavation material渣料rock spoil天然砂砾料natural sand and gravel 粉煤灰fly ash碎石土debrisc soil砾质土gravelly soil粘性土cohesive soil; clayey soil分散性土dispersive soil分散性dispersivity崩解性disintegration(slaking)活动性指数activity index细度模数fineness modulus(FM)骨料级配gradation间断级配gap gradation连续级配continuous gradation砂砾石sand and gravel针状颗粒needle-shaped particle片状颗粒flake-shaped particle 软弱颗粒soft particle平均粒径mean diameter比重specific gravity天然密度natural density干密度dry density最大干密度maximum drydensity最优含水量optjmum water content 天然休止角nature angle of repose 堆积密度piling density紧密密度compation density石料场rock quarrying土料场soil borrow area存料场stockpile弃渣场spoil area有用层effective layer无用层unavailable layer剥离层overburden stripping formation 剥采比stripping ratio剥离量overburden amount开采quarry运输transportation质量quality储量reserve运距haul distance水泥cenment11. 试验(experiment)岩土现场测试field investigation ofsoils and rocks土工原位测试in-situ measurement of soils标准灌入试验standard penetration test动力触探试验dynamic cone penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test比灌入阻力specific penetration resistanc旁压试验pressuremeter test载荷试验plate bearing test十字板剪切试验vane shear test岩体原位测试in-situ measurement of rocks三维应力测试three-dimensional stess measurement地应力测量geostress survey应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress restoration method 狭缝法（刻槽法）narrow slot method 收敛测量convergence measurement 现场直剪实验in-situ shear test承压板试验bearing plate test水力致裂法hydrofracturing method 声测井acoustic emission well (AEW) 现场监测field monitoring压水试验water-pressure test吕荣试验Lugeon test抽水试验pumping test注水试验water injection test灌浆试验grouting test点荷载试验point-loading test回弹测试rebond hammar test实验室试验laboratory test取样sampling原状土样undisturbed soil sample扰动土样disturbed soil sample物理力学性试验physical and mechanic properties test颗粒分析grading analysis三轴试验triaxial test击实试验proctor compaction test崩解试验slaking test尺寸效应scale effect时间效应time effect长期观测long-term observation试验资料test data试验成果test result试验报告test report12.水工设计(hydraulic design)12.1设计阶段(design stage)河流规划river planning选坝selecting damsite预可行性研究pre-feasibility study可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design技施设计tech-construction design招标设计tender design施工详图设计detail construction drawing design12.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)水利枢纽hydroproject枢纽布置layout of hydroproject挡水建筑物water retaining structure 取水建筑物water intake structure泄水建筑物water release structure输水建筑物water conveyance structure通航建筑物navigation structure 过鱼建筑物fish pass structure永久性建筑物permanent structure临时性建筑物temporary structure水工建筑物级别工程规模project scale主坝main dam副坝auxiliary dam坝轴线dam axis坝高high dam坝长length of dam坝顶dam crest坝底dam base坝坡dam slope坝间dam abutment坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe坝段dam monolith重力坝gravity dam实体重力坝solid gravity dam混泥土重力坝concrete gravity dam 碾压混泥土坝roller compacted concrete dam浆砌石重力坝masonry gravity dam 空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam预应力重力坝prestressed gravity dam溢流重力坝overflow gravity dam灌浆廊道grouting gallery排水廊道drainage gallery检查廊道inspection gallery交通廊道access gallery拱坝arch dam拱轴线centerline of arch单曲拱坝single curvature arch dam 双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam 抛物线拱坝parabolic arch dam椭圆形拱坝elliptical arch dam薄拱坝thin arch dam重力拱坝gravity arch dam空腹重力拱坝hollow gravity arch dam溢流拱坝overflow arch dam支墩坝buttress dam平板坝flat slab buttress dam大头坝massive-head dam连拱坝mutiple-arch dam土石坝earth-rock dam土坝earth dam均质土坝homogeneous earth dam粘土心墙土石坝clay core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土心墙土石坝asphaltic concrete core earth-rock dam 粘土斜墙土石坝sloping core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土面板土石坝asphaltic concrete facing earth-rock dam溢流土石坝overflow earth-rock dam 钢筋混泥土面板堆石坝reinforced concrete facing rockfill dam防浪墙wave wall (parapet)护坡slope protection防渗铺盖impervious blanket棱体排水prism drainage反滤层filter溢洪道spillway开敞式溢洪道open channel spillway 正常溢洪道main spillway非常溢洪道emergency spillway陡槽式溢洪道chute spillway虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway进水渠entrance channel闸门gate泄槽chute跳流鼻坎flip bucket;deflecting bucket 出水渠outlet channel冲刷坑scour hole; washout水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel导流隧洞diversion tunnel泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel发电隧洞power tunnel灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel放空隧洞emptying tunnel有压隧洞pressure tunnel无压隧洞free-flow tunnel不衬砌隧洞unlined tunnel排水隧洞drainage tunnel涵洞culvert填埋管buried pipeline沟埋管trenched pipeline钢性管rigid pipe柔性管flexible pipe钢筋混凝土管reinforced concrete pipe塔式进水口tower intake竖井式进水口shaft intake沉沙池sedimentation basin渡槽aqueduct(fiume)倒虹吸管inverted siphon落差建筑物drop structure通航建筑物navigation structure船闸navigation lock (ship lock)多级船闸muti-line lock (mutiple lock) 13.地质图件和图表13.1地质图件第四纪地质图quaternary geology map, quaternary geology plan 覆盖层地质图drift map, overburden map, drift plan基岩地质图bedrock map, bedrock plan构造地质图geological structure map, geological structure plan地质剖面图geological section, geological profile实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile横剖面图transverse profile, cross-section纵剖面图longitudinal profile综合柱状图composite columnar section立体投影图fence diagram钻孔柱状图geological log of drill hole , borehole log平硐展视图geological log of adit 水文地质图hydrogeological map 渗透剖面seepage profile等水位线图water table contour map实际材料图primitive data map, primitive data plan赤平投影图stereogram极点图point diagram等密图contour diagram节理玫瑰图rose diagram of joints, rosette joint diagram, strike diagram of joints区域地质图regional geological map水库地质图geological map of reservoir枢纽区工程地质图engineering geological plan of project area坝址区工程地质图engineering geological plan of damsite area引水渠尾水渠工程地质图engineering geological plan of Diversion and Tailwater channel厂房工程地质图engineering geological plan of power house浸没区及防护区工程地质图geological plan of immersion area and protection area天然建筑材料产地分布图distribution plan of a quarry and borrow areas for natural construction 坝址区实际材料图location plan of in-situ exploratory works on damsite心滩天然砂砾料场地质图geological plan of Xinta sand and gravel borrow area料场分布图 A distribute plan of borrow area土料场地质平面图geological plan of soil borrow area石料场地质平面图geological plan of rock quarry土料场地质剖面图geological section of soil borrow area石料场地质剖面图geological section of rock quarry坝轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile of dam axis坝趾板线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along dam plinth厂房机组中心线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along central line of turbo generator units坝轴线防渗帷幕水文地质剖面图hydrologic engineering geological profile along imrervious curtain on dam axis右岸引航道轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along right-bank navigation approach channel axis河床地质纵剖面图geological longitudinal profile of river bed上游围堰工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile upstream cofferdam下游围堰工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile downstream cofferdam上游子围堰轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along axis of upstream cofferdam下游子围堰轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological section along axis of downstream cofferdam施工大桥轴线工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile along proposed construction ridge axis防护堤工程地质剖面engineering geological profile along protection embankment心滩天然砂砾料场地质剖面图geological profile of xintan sand and gravel area引水渠工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological lognitudinal profile along approach channel厂房工程地质横剖面图engineering geological transverse section of powerhouse厂房纵1工程地质剖面图engineering geological longitvpinal profile Ⅰof poweehouse土料场工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile of soil material borrow area导流洞工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along diversion tunnel放空隧洞工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along intermediate outlet tunnel溢洪道工程地质纵剖面图engineering geological section along spillway route溢洪道工程地质横剖面图engineering geological cross section of spillway区域主干断裂及强震带分布图Distribution of the regional major faults and pleistoseismic zones 工程区外围地震危险区active seismic zones around the project area 枢纽区Ⅱ、Ⅲ级结构面走向玖瑰图Strike rose diagram of discontinuity plane class Ⅱ、Ⅲin the project area 枢纽区Ⅱ、Ⅲ级结构面极点等密图Pole contour diagram of discontinuity plane classⅡ、Ⅲin the project area 枢纽区f、g极点等密图Pole contour diagram of f and g on the project area枢纽区左岸节理极点等密图Pole contour diagram of joints on the left bank in project area左岸坝肩上、下游侧边坡开挖示意图The schematic diagram of upstream and downstream side slop excavating on the left abutment砂砾层天然砂颗分曲线图Gradation curve of natural sand in sand and gravel layer心滩天然砂砾料场初勘探布置示意图Sketch map of exploratory arrangement during detailed exploration for Xintan sand and gravel borrow area天然含水量随深度变化图Variation of natural Moisture content with depth左岸颗粒分析粒配曲线图Grain size distribution curve of the left bank 左岸料区ρd~ω关系曲线图Left bank borrow area ρd ~ ωrelationship curves孔隙比（e）与（p）关系图Relationship between void ratio (e) and pressure (p)抗剪强度与垂直压力的关系曲线图Relationship curves between shear strength and vertical pressure物探工作布置图Layout of geophysical prospecting workA剖面地震勘探成果图Results of seismic prospecting on A profile PD2平洞锤击法Vp成果图V P results of hammer-blow survey on left wall of PD2aditZK14钻孔电阻率测井柱状图Log of comprehensive logging of ZK14 drillhole尾水渠开挖线excavation line of tailwater channel开采线excavation depth开挖线excavation line原地面线natural ground工程建筑物轮廓线outline of engineering structure正常蓄水位线normal storage water level设计蓄水位线design storage level 正常蓄水位normal WL.死水位min operating WL.百年洪水位100-tear flood WL. 正常尾水位normal TWL.最低尾水位min TWL.校核洪水位check flood WL.设计洪水位design flood WL.水库蓄水位线及高程storage leave and elevation of reservoir 料场范围线boundary of borrow area or quarry area普查范围线boundary line of general survey初查储量计算范围线boundary line of preliminarily investigated reserves风化界线boundary of weathered zones地下水位线groundwater level相对隔水层界线boundary of relative confining bed坝基开挖线及高程dam foundation excavation line and EL.厂房开挖线及高程powerhouse excavation line and EL.剖面线及编号geological section line and numbed, profile line and No. 端点end point转点transition测量控制点control point of survey接图表index to adjoining sheets 交厂横cross section of plant location 交纵1 cross profile 1剖面交点cross point of profile剖面距离distance勘探深度depth勘探间距spacing剖面方向direction13.2地质图表料场概况一览表summary ofborrow areas and quarry ones with construction各坝料颗粒分析级配曲线gradation curves of rock fill materials 表3-1泉水类型及流量Table 3-1 type and discharge of springs钻孔地下水位Groundwater level in drill holes钻孔压水试验单位吸水量汇总Summerized unit leakage rate value of water pressure test in drill holes钻孔岩芯试验室试验成果Laboratory testing of drill corn冲积层砂砾石试验成果Test results of alluvial gravel and sands冲积层粘土试验成果Test results of alluvial clay现场承压板变形模量试验成果In-situ plate-bearing test results现场剪力试验成果In-situ shear test resultsVp测定成果Results of Vp measurements现场地应力测量成果In-situ stress measurement results土料试验成果汇总表Test results of earth material土料试验成果表Test results of soil物理力学性试验成果Physical and mechanical test results显微镜鉴定矿物组成结果Mineral composition determined by microscope化学分析成果Results of chemical analysis岩石试验综合成果表Physical and mechanical properties化学分析结果Results of chemical analysis砂桨膨胀率试验成果Test results of mortar expansion ratio 化学试验结果Result of chemical tests节理统计表Summary of join可行性研究阶段完成钻探工作量统计表Completed drilling work quantities at feasibility study stage可行性研究阶段完成坑、槽探工作量统计表Completed test pits and trenches prospecting work quantities at feasibility study stage岩石力学现场试验项目及工作量统计表Field rock test items and their work quantities可行性研究阶段钻孔地下水位长期观测汇总表summary of long-term groundwater table observations in the drill holes at feasibility study in the project area工作量统计表Summary of work quantity本区地震统计表seismic summary in the region历史地震对坝址影响烈度表Influence intensity of the historic earthquake on the damsite工程区断层主要特征表Main characteristics of the fault in theproject area库区滑坡、崩塌体特征表Characteristics landslide and collapse in reservoir area库区褶皱形态特征表Characteristics of fold form in reservoir area库区断裂汇总表Summary of faults in reservoir area水库库岸分段特征及稳定性评价表Evaluation on stability and divisional characteristics on reservoir banks库区断裂破裂长度与诱发地震强度关系表The relationship between the induced earthquake magnitudeand the fractured length of the reservoir fault景洪水电站枢纽区结构面分级表Classification of discontinuity planes in project area枢纽区主要断层、挤压带汇总表Summary of major faults and compressive zones in project area枢纽区f、g发育特征表Dereloped characteristics of f and g in the project area枢纽区断层、挤压带（面）破碎带矿物分析成果表Mineral analysis results of the faults andcompressive zone (planes) in project area枢纽区断层、挤压带（面）破碎带物质化学分析成果表Chemical analysis results of mineral from faults and compressive zones (planes) in project area 枢纽区滑坡、松动体特征表Characteristics of landslide and loosened mass in project area枢纽区主要冲沟特征汇总表summary of characteristics of major gully in project area景洪水电站岩体风化程度分级表Classification of the weathering degree of rock mass of the Jinghong hydropower project枢纽区覆盖层及风化深度表Overburden layer and weathering depth in project area景洪水电站坝址区水质简分析成果汇总表Summary of simple analysis of water quality in dam area of Jionghong hydropower project枢纽区地下水水位长期观测资料统计表Summary of long-term observation data for groundwater table in project area枢纽区风化带、破碎带透水性统计表Permeability of the weathered and fractured zone in the project area岩石物理力学性试验成果汇总表Summary of test results of physico-mechanical property of rock 岩体现场变形试验成果表Results of in-situ deformation test of rock mass枢纽区各类岩体M、E建议值Recommended value of M & E of various type of the rock mass in the project area枢纽区各类岩体抗剪强度指标建议。
水利水电工程英文专业词汇
水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙land wall坝顶dam crest，dam top坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe板桩sheet pile边墩side pier，land pier变形模量deformation modulus鼻坎bucket lip毕肖普法Bishop method冰压力ice pressure剥离desquamation侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway沉降settlement齿墙cut-off trench冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法independent arch method刺墙key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量discharge per unit width单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸tidal sluice导流隧洞river diversion tunnel倒悬度Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用earthquake action垫座cushion abutment动水压力hydrodynamic pressure断层fault堆石坝rock-fill dam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method阀门valve gate防浪墙wave wall防渗铺盖impervious blanket非常溢洪道emergency spillway分洪闸flood diversion sluice副坝auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block 拱坝arch dam拱冠梁crown cantilever拱冠粱法crown cantilever method工作桥service bridge固结灌浆consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕grout curtain管涌piping海漫apron extension横缝transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway蝴蝶阀butterfly valve护坡slope protection护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway化学管涌chemical piping混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam 基本断面primary section简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam交通桥traffic bridge接触冲刷contact scouring接触灌浆contact grouting接缝灌浆joint grouting截水槽cut-off trench节制闸check sluice进水口water inlet进水闸inlet sluice井式溢洪道shaft spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质坝homogeneous earth dam抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性stability against sliding空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空注阀hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam宽尾墩flaring pier廊道gallery浪压力wave force理论计算theoretical computation拦河闸river sluice沥青混凝土asphalt concrete连拱坝multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法flow net method锚杆anchor rod面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验model experiment泥沙压力silt pressure碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam 牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel排水drainage排水闸outlet sluice喷混凝土sprayed concrete平板坝flat slab buttress dam平面闸门plane gate破碎带crushed zone铺盖blanket砌石护坡stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam 人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层soft intercalated layer实用断面practical section试载法trial-load method双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel 水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸sluice弹性模量elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜geomembrane土石坝earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆curtain grouting温度荷载temperature load温度控制temperature control温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action无压隧洞free level tunnel消力池stilling pool消力戽roller bucket消能工energy dissipater泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙breast wall扬压力uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘plunge pool溢流坝overflow dam、翼墙wing wall应力分析stress analysis优化设计optimization design有限单元法finite element method有压隧洞pressure tunnel闸墩pier闸门gate闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam趾板toe slab支墩坝buttress dam重力坝gravity dam重力墩gravity abutment 周边缝peripheral joint 驻波standing wave锥形阀cone valve自由跌流free drop自重dead weight纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key strench伸缩缝contraction joint 施工缝construction joint 反弧段flip bucket拦污栅trash rack渐变段transition泄槽chute发电进水口power intake 通气管air vent检修门bulkhead gate事故门emergency gate 工作门service gate堰weir通气管air vent胸墙breast wall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfill concrete 接地earth一期混凝土primary concrete 二期混凝土secondary concrete 叠梁门stoplog门机gantry crane止水waterstop钢筋reinforcement模板formwork围堰cofferdam马道bench；berm蜗壳volute水轮机turbine电站power house车间workshop发电机generator变电站transformer station副厂房auxiliary power house安装间erection bay尾水闸门tail lock尾水渠tailrace引水渠approach channel前池fore bay导墙lead wall隔墙partition wall接触灌浆contact grouting回填混凝土backfill concrete帷幕灌浆curtain grouting挡墙retaining wall港口harbour港口建筑物port structure船闸navigation lock船闸充水lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and emptying system 船闸前池upper pool船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator；ship lift鱼道fish canal精品文档旁通管by-pass齿槽cut-off wall.。
水利专业词汇
岸墙land wall 齿墙cut-off trench 刺墙key-wall 防浪墙wave wall 混凝土防渗墙con crete cut-off wall胸墙breast wall 导墙lead wall 隔墙partition wall 挡墙retaining wall 翼墙wing wall 胸墙breast wall parapet 栏杆，低墙，扶手，胸墙坝顶dam crest，dam top 坝踵dam heel 坝趾dam toe 板桩sheet pile 边墩side pier，land pier 变形模量deformatio n modulus 鼻坎bucket lip 毕肖普法Bishop method 剥离desquamation 侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway 断层fault 沉降settlement 冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice 纯拱法independent arch method 单宽流量discharge per un it width 挡潮闸tidal sluice 导流隧洞river divers ion tunnel 倒悬度Overha ng degree 底流消能energy dissipation by un derflow 地震作用earthquake action 垫座cushion abutment 动水压力hydrody namic pressure 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 浪压力wave force 冰压力ice pressure 泥沙压力silt pressure 扬压力uplift 大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress是扶壁的意思支墩坝buttress dam 堆石坝rock-fill dam 平板坝flat slab buttress dam 橡胶坝rubber dam 均质坝homogeneous earth dam拱坝arch dam连拱坝multiple-arch dam单曲拱坝sin gle-curvature arch dam 双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam 重力坝gravity dam 宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam 空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam 土石坝earth-rock dam 土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with in cli ned soil core土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core 软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foun dati on人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Con crete Dam混凝土面板堆石坝concrete facedrock-fill dam浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam 浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam溢流坝overflow dam、整体式重力坝monolithic gravitydam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method 拱冠梁crow n can tilever拱冠粱法crow n can tilever method 阀门valve gate防渗铺盖impervious bla nket 非常溢洪道emerge ncy spillway 分洪闸flooddivers ion sluice 副坝auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium methodfor rigid block工作桥service bridge管涌piping化学管涌chemical pip ing 海漫apronextension 横缝transverse joint 虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway 蝴蝶阀butterflyvalve 护坡slope protect ion 护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway基本断面primary section 简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method交通桥traffic bridge 接触冲刷contactscouri ng grouting 灌浆接触灌浆contact grout ing 接缝灌浆joint grouting 帷幕灌浆curta in grout ing Grout -浆液灌浆Packer Test -压水试验Lugeon值是帷幕灌浆的主要参数固结灌浆con solidati on grouti ng 灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel 灌浆帷幕groutcurtain 截水槽cut-off trench 节制闸check sluice 进水口water in let 进水闸in let sluice 井式溢洪道shaft spillway 抗滑稳定分析analysis of stabilityaga inst slidi ng 抗滑稳定性stability against slidi ng空化cavitation 空蚀cavitation erosion空注阀hollow jet valve 宽尾墩flaringpier 廊道gallery理论计算theoretical computati on 拦河闸river sluice 沥青混凝土asphalt concrete 流土soil flow 流网法flow netmethod 锚杆anchor rod 面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surfaceflow模型试验model experime nt 牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel 排水drain age 排水闸outlet sluice 喷混凝土sprayed con crete 平面闸门pla ne gate破碎带crushed zone ［地质］破碎带shuttered zone 铺盖blanket 砌石护坡sto ne pitch ing溶洞solution cavern 软弱夹层soft intercalated layer 实用断面practicalsection 试载法trial-load method 水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel , waterwaytu nnel 水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex 水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint 水闸sluice 弹性模量elastic modulus 挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet 土工膜geomembrane 温度荷载temperature load 温度控制temperaturecon trol 温度应力temperature stress 温度作用temperature actio n 无压隧洞free level tunnel 消力池stilling pool 消力戽roller bucket 消能工energydissipater 泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel 泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole 新奥法NATM ( NewAustrian Tunneling Method) 溢洪道spillway 水垫塘plunge pool 应力分析stress an alysis 优化设计optimizati ondesig n 有限单元法fin ite eleme ntmethod 有压隧洞pressure tunnel 闸墩pier 闸门gate 闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channelspillway 趾板toe slab 重力墩gravityabutment 周边缝peripheral joint 驻波standing wave 锥形阀cone valve 自由跌流free drop 自重dead weight 纵缝Iongitudinal joint 键槽key trench伸缩缝contraction joint 施工缝construction joint 反弧段flip bucket 拦污栅trash rack 渐变段transition 泄槽chute 发电进水口power in take 通气管air vent 检修门bulkhead gate 事故门emergency gate 工作门service gate 堰weir 通气管air vent 梁beam 柱column回填混凝土backfill co ncrete 接地earth 一期混凝土primary con crete 二期混凝土sec ondary con crete 叠梁门stoplog 门机gantry crane 止水waterstop 辛钢筋reinforcement 模板formwork 围堰cofferdam 马道ben ch；berm 蜗壳volute 水轮机turbine 电站power house 车间workshop 发电机generator 变电站transformer station 畐U厂房auxiliary room 主厂房Power house 安装间erection bay 尾水闸门tail lock 尾水渠tailrace 弓丨水渠approach channel 前池forebay回填混凝土backfill co ncrete 港口harbour港口建筑物port structure 船闸navigation lock 船闸充水lock filli ng 船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and empty ing system 船闸前池upper pool 船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator ；ship lift 鱼道fish canal旁通管by-pass齿槽cut-off wall生态开发整治工程ecological exploitati on and regulatio n project 骨料分离Segregation碎石Macadam 抹面用的刮板Screed 南水北调south-to-north water divers ion.南水北调工程divert water from the south to the n orth project 总规划面积the total planning area 干燥少雨dry and rainl ess 水系water system 断流disc on ti nu ous flow 沙化desertification 污染源pollution source 水源地waterhead area 地下水开采量amount of groun dwater mining供水量service discharge 总体规戈U general planning 一期工程first phase of con struct ion 总投资gross investment 污水治理工程waste water treatment project 污水处理厂sewage treatme nt pla nt排水管网network of drains 生态防护林ecological shelter forest 总面积grossarea 两岸side banks 防洪工程floodcontrol project 导流堤training wall 基础设施in frastructure 路网road net 防洪prevent or control flood 汊河anabranch跌水drop 河道river course 复式断面compound cross section 现浇混凝土on-site concrete 预制混凝土precastconcrete 防渗结构seepage prevention示意图schematic diagram 自然植被vegetation 绿化带green belt 湿地wetland/marsh Bulkhead Gate检修门，预备门Emergency Gate事故闸门，检修闸门Frame crane 龙门吊Frequency converter 变频机Parallel to the flow direction 顺水流方向Tran sverse to the flow direct ion 垂直水流方向SEZ special economic zone 经济特区Settlement沉陷，沉降SE by E =southeast by east 东南偏东Supporting ring 支承环；垫环Settingretarder 缓凝剂Service gate工作闸门Stoplog gate 叠梁门Submerged gate 水下闸门Self-collapsing gate 自溃闸门Draft tube gate 尾水闸门Backwatergate挡潮闸门，防倒灌闸门8-tonne self propelled vibrating roller 8吨振动碾a complete set of equipment 成套设备accumulation of stress 应力集中air-condition 空调alluvium ［地］冲积层，淤积层anti-abrasion concrete 耐磨混凝土as-built drawings 竣工图asphaltic 沥青bench 马道bid出价，投标blasti ng cap 起爆雷管borehole 钻孑Lborrow 土料场catchme nt 集水区域closestool 马桶corbel-piece 牛腿cut-off wall 齿槽culvert 涵洞dam basewidth 大坝底宽elevation立视图，高程free drai ning 自由穿流gen set=ge nerate set 发电机gevr=grout enriched vibratable rcc 变态混凝土ha.公倾hand operated vibrat ing roller 手扶振动碾fire hydra nt 消防栓fire fighti ng 消防inspect 监理invert slab 底板jointventure 联营体LIFT浇筑层mobilecrane 汽车吊mortar灰浆overhead 管理费rear elevation 后视图reservoir水库，蓄水池small backhoe 挖机soil nail 土锚钉sub-c on tractor 分包商switching station 开关站tipp ing trucks自卸车truck with grout mixer and water tank 搅拌车Weathered被风化的Release age nt 脱模剂Segme nt gate弧形闸门Overflowgate溢流式闸门Overpour gate顶溢式闸门Jet-flow gate射流式闸门Minute -Minute of Progress Meeting 会议纪要Claim -索赔、进度付款（Progressiveclaim）Contigency -不可预见费Lump Sum -总价，与单价项目对应Truss 桁架Client -业主，有时用Employer很少Consultant - 一般为设计咨询, Advisor比Consultant更高一级的咨询Supervisor -监理人员fault -断层Bench -马道，有用berm的Rebar指螺纹钢筋而bar统指钢筋Admixture 外加剂Additive掺和料Workability 混凝土的和易性Binder of concret 胶凝材料Diversio nTunnel 导流洞Saddle Dam -副坝Piping -管涌倒虹吸-SiphonCulvert -涵管Aqueduct -渡槽Chain age - Residual Dista nee（R.D.）桩号Grout mix -混合浆液Take of grout -吃（耗）浆量Setting -混凝土凝固，养护-curing Testfill -碾压试验Seepage -渗透Failure aga inst seepage -渗透破坏Failure against sliding - 滑动破坏Abutment -坝肩Foundation pit -基坑Joi nt -节理（地质），接缝（设计）Hose -软（皮）管Embankment - 土坝。
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榪槎 Abatis阿伯拉罕虹吸閘 Abraham's siphon sluice 磨損 Abrasion吸收作用 Absorption比吸 Absorption，specific橋台，橋座 Abutment加速度 Acceleration角加速度 Acceleration，angular離心加速度 Acceleration，centrifugal 變位加速度 Acceleration，convective 地震加速度 Acceleration，earthquake 重力加速度 Acceleration，gravitational 直線加速度 Acceleration，linear時變加速度 Acceleration，local靜水加速儀 Accelerometer，hydrostatic 封閉容納 Accommodation，impounded 淤高 Accretion河床淤高 Accretion，channel積雪 Accumulation，snow拱作用 Action，arch毛管作用 Action，capillary離心作用 Action，centrifugal動力作用 Action，dynamic邊際作用 Action，edge冰凍作用 Action，frost螺旋槳作用 Action，propeller 環作用 Action，ring風作用 Action，wind附著力 Adhesion横坑 Adit磚土 Adobe平流 Advection充氣 Aeration含氣度 Aeration，degree of 含氣層 Aeration，zone of充氣器 Aerator氣體動力學 Aerodynamics高空氣象學 Aerology氣體靜力學 Aerostatics支流 Affluent流入 Afflux後池 Afterbay渠齡 Age，canal管齡 Age，pipe坡度增高，沉積 Aggradation粒料，骨材 Aggregate粒料級配 Aggregate，gradation土料 Aggregate，soil集結作用 Aggregation攪拌 Agitation攪拌器 Agitator壓氣機 Air compressor輸氣劑 Air entraining agent輸氣 Air entrainment濕空氣 Air wet壓縮空氣 Air，compressed水力壓氣機 Air，compressor，hydraulic 輸氣混凝土 Air，entrained concrete入阱空氣 Air，entrapped濕空氣 Air，humid濕空氣 Air，iced濕空氣 Air，moist飽和空氣 Air，saturated超冷空氣 Air，supper cooled超飽和空氣 Air，supper saturated水氣混合液 Air-water emulsion線向，定線 Alignment亞里維公式 Allievi-formula沖積扇形地 Alluvial fan沖積平原 Alluvial plain沖積土 Alluvium安怕生壩，垛壩 Ambursen dam彈性類似 Analogy，elastic電性類似 Analogy，electric水電類似 Analogy，hydraulic electric 液體動力類似 Analogy，hydrodynamic 熱力類似 Analogy，thermodynamic氣團分析 Analysis，air mass向度分析 Analysis，dimensional顆粒分析 Analysis，mechanical光電分析 Analysis，photo-electric篩分析 Analysis，sieve錨墩 Anchor block錨栓 Anchor bolt錨鈑 Anchor plate錨座，碇泊 Anchorage管錨座 Anchorage，pipe風力計，風速計 Anemometer杯狀風力計 Anemometer，cupcross壓版風力計 Anemometer，pressure plate 壓管風力計 Anemometer，pressure tube 自動風力計 Anemoscope空盒氣壓計 Aneroid補償氣壓計 Aneroid，compensated衝角 Angle of attack轉角 Angle of deviation傾側角 Angle of heel傾斜角 Angle of inclination傾角 Angle of list傾斜角 Angle of obliquity靜止角 Angle of repose破裂角 Angle of rupture剪阻角 Angle of shearing resistance能見角 Angle of visibility接觸角 Angle，contact摩擦角 Angle，friction內摩擦角 Angle，internal friction位相角 Angle，phase反氣旋 Anticyclone防凝作用 Anti-flocculation防凍 Antifreezing折射器 Apparatus，dioptric流限儀 Apparatus，liquid limit引道 Approach護坦，邊緣 Apron戽形坦 Apron，bucket封井壁粘土 Aqua Jel輸水道 Aqueduct順坡輸水道 Aqueduct，grade壓力輸水道 Aqueduct，pressure不透水層，滯水層 Aquiclude供水層，導水層 Aquifer自流供水層 Aquifer，artesian約束供水層 Aquifer，confined water 自由供水層 Aquifer，free water水面供水層 Aquifer，water table阻水層 Aquitard拱 Arch亞幾米得原理 Archimedes' principle 影響面積 Area of influence抽降面積 Area of pumping depression 自流水區 Area，artesian flow集水面積 Area，catchment橫斷面積 Area，cross-sectional流域面積 Area，drainage可灌溉面積 Area，irrigable地下水補注區 Area，recharge滲流面積 Area，seepage乾旱度 Aridity門臂 Arm，gate欄淤壩 Arrester，silt地下水通路 Artery，ground water飛灰 Ash，fly測蒸儀 Atmometer大氣 Atmosphere大氣循環 Atmosphere，circulation of 均質大氣 Atmosphere，homogeneous 大氣凝結 Atmospheric condensation阿太堡稠性 Atterberg's consis-tency阿太堡顆粒尺度 Atterberg's grade scale 毛管吸力 Attraction，capillary分子吸力 Attraction，molecular土鑽 Auger雪崩 Avalanche土石崩 Avalanche，detritus 沖決 Avulsion深泓線 Axis of channel水流軸線 Axis of flow浮軸 Axis，floating廻水，壅水 Backwater 砥柱，隔牆 Baffle吊桶 Bailer壓艙石，鎮壓物 Ballast岸 Bank河岸坍塌 Bank failure盤頭 Bank head護岸 Bank protection坍岸 Bank，caving凹岸 Bank，concave凸岸 Bank，convex整理岸坡 Bank，grading內岸 Bank，inner外岸 Bank，outer舖砌岸坡 Bank，paving砂丘、砂磧 Bank，sand坍岸 Bank，sloughing堆土岸，廢土岸 Bank，spoil棄土堆 Bank，waste填土 Banking戧堤 Banquette欄門砂 Bar滙流條 Bar，bus礫石灘 Bar，gravel釣塊器，鳩尾取重器 Bar，Lewis 砂灘 Bar，sand駁船，平底船 Barge開底駁船 Barge，hopper巴奈斯公式 Barnes formula堰，壩 Barrage取心鑽筒，取樣管 Barrel，core 流域，池，塘 Basin流域規劃 Basin planning集水穽 Basin，catch集水區域 Basin，catchment封口港塘 Basin，closed混凝池 Basin，coagulation沉砂池 Basin，desilting滯洪區域 Basin，detention流域 Basin，drainage半潮港塘 Basin，half tidal港塘 Basin，harbor流域方向 Basin，orientation of 輻形流域 Basin，radial補注池 Basin，recharge欄洪區域 Basin，retarding河川流域 Basin，river沉砂池 Basin，sand沖刷區域 Basin，scouring閉塞流域 Basin，sealing沉澱池 Basin，sedimentation 沉澱池 Basin，settling沉砂池 Basin，silt沉砂池 Basin，silting沉砂池 Basin，stilling節水池 Basin，thrift受潮港塘 Basin，tidal廻船塘 Basin，turning 料斗 Batcher海灣，池，塘 Bay出水塘 Bay，discharge門廂 Bay，gate進水塘 Bay，intake進水塘 Bay，suction工作間 Bay，working巴森堰 Bazin weir標誌 Beacon燈標 Beacon，luminous球承軸 Bearing，ball含泥量 Bearing，silt蒲福氏風級 Beaufort scale裴布壩 Bebout wicket dam裴布堰 Bebout wicket weir推移質 Bed load水積層 Bedding潛水鐘 Bell，diving風箱 Bellows區域，帶 Belt赤道低壓帶 Belt，equatorial low 中間水層帶 Belt，intermediate 極面帶 Belt，polar frontal極地，高壓帶 Belt，polar high 土壤濕帶 Belt，soil moisture河灣，彎管 Bend彭修測速管 Bentzel velocity tube 水山 Berg，ice戧道，戧台 Berm伯諾利方程式 Bernoulli's equation 伯諾利定理 Bernoulli's theorem泊位，船席 Berth貝爾法 Bill's method倉 Bin鑽頭 Bit鑽頭 Bit，drill纜柱 Bitt輪葉 Blade轉輪葉 Blade，runner覆面 Blanket噴砂 Blasting，sand析水 Bleeding滑車，塊體，墊塊 Block錨塊 Block，anchor側墊木 Block，bilge龍骨墊木 Block，keel動轉繫船柱 Block，snatch出水高度 Board，free開關板 Board，switch鑽探船 Boat，drill流線體 Body，stream line潛體 Body，submerged沼澤 Bog沸流 Boil水沸 Boil，frost砂湧 Boil，sand布達管口 Borda's mouthpiece湧潮，鑽探孔 Bore試鑽孔 Bore，test鑽 Borer螺鑽 Borer，auger鑽探 Boring螺旋鑽探 Boring，auger花萼鑽探 Boring，calyx drill衝撃鑽探 Boring，churn取心鑽探 Boring，core鑽石鑽探 Boring，diamond衝撃鑽探 Boring，percussion drill 旋轉鑽探 Boring，rotary drill鋼珠鑽探 Boring，shot drill水沖鑽探 Boring，wash底部排泥 Bottom withdrawal孤石，大卵石 Boulder布雷壩 Boule dam布雷堰 Boule weir邊緣條件 Boundary condition邊緣變形條件 Boundary condition，deformation 邊緣水力條件 Boundary condition，hydraulic 邊緣應力條件 Boundary condition，stress鮑騰壓力計 Bourdon gage鮑騰管 Bourdon tube鮑沁內斯克流理論 Boussinesg's weir theory放水及量水箱 Box，delivery and measuring分水箱 Box，diversion礫石籠 Box，gravel礦師量水箱 Box，miner's沉砂池 Box，sand靜水箱 Box，stilling填料涵 Box，stuffing閥箱 Box，valve波義耳定律 Boyle's law撐桿 Bracing托架 Bracket支流，支管 Branch破水船 Breaker破浪器 Breaker，wave防波堤 Breakwater噴氣防浪 Breakwater，air混合體防波堤 Breakwater，composite 島形防波堤 Breakwater，detached堆石防波堤 Breakwater，rubble-mound 直立防波堤 Breakwater，upright牆式防波堤 Breakwater，wall棧橋 Bridge，landing工作橋 Bridge，service橫棧橋 Bridge，shore小溪 Brook梢料 Brush柳枝工 Brush，wicker-work戽形坦，戽斗 Bucket躍水斗 Bucket，flip吊砂桶 Bucket，sand巴金漢定理 Buckingham's -theorem駁岸，岸壁 Bulk head推土機 Bulldozer岸線 Bundline浮標 Buoy鐘浮標 Buoy，bell燈浮標 Buoy，light燈浮標 Buoy，luminous繫船浮標 Buoy，mooring哨浮標 Buoy，whistling示險浮標 Buoy，wreck浮力 Buoyancy浮力中心 Buoyancy，center of 伯登起貨法 Burtoning system 撐牆 Buttress旁通水道 By-channel旁通道，側道 By-pass索道 Cable way高架索道 Cable way，aerial 沉箱 Caisson潛水病 Caisson disease箱式沉箱 Caisson，box格牆沉箱 Caisson，cellular浮式沉箱 Caisson，floating開口沉箱 Caisson，open管式沉箱 Caisson，pipe氣壓沉箱 Caisson，pneumatic船式沉箱 Caisson，ship試驗沉箱 Caisson，test率定，校定 Calibration加尼福尼亞載重比率 California bearing ratio 加尼福尼亞法 California method運河，渠，圳 Canal渠橋 Canal bridge渠線 Canal，alignment of引水渠 Canal，diversion排水渠 Canal，drainage供水渠 Canal，feeder濱海運河 Canal，maritime濱海運河 Canal，sea運河 Canal，ship支運河 Canal，spur越嶺運河 Canal，summit對航運河 Canal，two lane渠化 Canalization水帽 Cap，ice載重量 Capacity，bearing毛管水容量 Capacity，capillary可靠容量 Capacity，dependable排水量 Capacity，discharge田間保水量 Capacity，field毛管水容量 Capacity，field carrying 發電容量 Capacity，generating電廠容量 Capacity，generating station 滲容量 Capacity，infiltration裝置容量 Capacity，installed毛管水容量 Capacity，moisture保水容量 Capacity，moisture-holding 額定容量 Capacity，rated水庫容量 Capacity，reservoir備用容量 Capacity，spare比抽水率 Capacity，specific理論容量 Capacity，theoretical最大容量 Capacity，ultimate水汽容量 Capacity，vapor毛管水計 Capillarimeter毛細管現象 Capillarity毛細管 Capillary毛管常數 Capillary constant毛管水上升 Capillary rise毛管引力 Capillary，attraction絞盤 Capstan水力絞盤 Capstan，hydraulic纜車 Car，cable傾卸車 Car，dump車駁船 Carfloat起重桿，吊桿 Cargo mast鑽孔車 Carriage，drill水跌，瀑布 Cascade地下水跌流 Cascade，ground water 套管，套売 Casing導箱 Casing，guide有孔井管 Casing，perforated套管 Casing，pipe渦形売 Casing，scroll螺形売 Casing，spiral套筒管 Casing，telescope渦卷売 Casing，volute井管 Casing，well考契定律 Cauchy law考契指數 Cauchy number洞，窟，穴 Cavern岸崩 Caving孔蝕 Cavitation初期孔蝕 Cavitation，incipient 波速 Celerity水泥鎗 Cement gun浸心 Center of immersion閘室地板 Chamber floor氣室 Chamber，air平衡室 Chamber，balancing 塢室 Chamber，dock浮室 Chamber，float閘門室 Chamber，gate丁壩室 Chamber，groin閘室 Chamber，lock平壓室 Chamber，surge渦卷室 Chamber，volute渦流室 Chamber，vortex工作室 Chamber，working等溫變化 Change，isothermal體變 Change，volumetric渠，水道，河槽 Channel航道標誌 Channel demarcation退水道 Channel of retreat水道定線 Channel，alignment of引水道 Channel，approaching人工水道 Channel，artificial深泓線 Channel，axis of繞過水道 Channel，by-pass溢流水道 Channel，by-wash收束水道 Channel，converging輸水道 Channel，conveyance潮積法 Channel，cubature of排水道 Channel，drainage易蝕水道 Channel，erodible洪水河槽 Channel，flood平底水道 Channel，horizontal天然水道 Channel，natural天然排水道 Channel，natural drainage 明渠 Channel，open定形槽 Channel，prismatic正槽 Channel，proper水道改善 Channel，rectification of河槽 Channel，river旋轉水道 Channel，rotating側槽 Channel，side尾水道 Channel，tail退水道 Channel，waste夏諾安壩 Chanoine dam夏諾安門牐 Chanoine shutter夏諾安閘門 Chanoine shutter gate夏諾安堰 Chanoine weir夏諾安堰 Chanoine wicket weir組合特性 Characteristic，composition 降雨特性 Characteristic，rainfall粗細特性 Characteristic，size形式特性 Characteristic，type查理士定律 Charles's law線路圖 Chart，alignment等壓圖 Chart，isobaric順坡田制，順坡制水埂 Check，border 等高田制，等高制水埂 Check，contour 矩形田制 Check，rectangular哲塞公式 Chezy formula瀉槽，陡槽 Chute瀉管 Chute，pipe撤普利地堰 Cippotetti weir影響圈 Circle of influence破裂圓面 Circle of rupture臨界圓面 Circle，critical摩擦圓 Circle，friction水循環 Circulation，water 黏土 Clay黏土混合漿 Clay puddle富黏土 Clay，fat貧黏土 Clay，lean中黏土 Clay，medium膠泥黏土 Clay，puddle砂黏土 Clay，sandy沉積黏土 Clay，sedimentary 沉泥黏土 Clay，silty超黏土 Clay，ultra淨空 Clearance乾燥氣候 Climate，arid潮濕氣候 Climate，humid 氣候學 Climatology風暴 Cloud burst大礫石 Cobble主動壓力係數 Coefficient of active earth pressure壓實係數 Coefficient of compactness壓縮性係數 Coefficient of compressibility固結係數 Coefficient of consolidation約束係數 Coefficient of contraction擴散係數 Coefficient of diffusion流量係數 Coefficient of discharge地基動性反力係數 Coefficient of dynamic sub-grade reaction 靜止土壓力係數 Coefficient of earth pressure at rest彈回係數 Coefficient of elastic recovery能量係數 Coefficient of energy膨脹係數 Coefficient of expansion動量傳遞係數 Coefficient of momentum transfer被動土壓力係數 Coefficient of passive earth pressure滲透係數 Coefficient of permeability塑性係數 Coefficient of plasticity剛性係數 Coefficient of rigidity粗糙係數 Coefficient of roughness逕流係數 Coefficient of run-off輸泥係數 Coefficient of silt transfer蓄水係數 Coefficient of storage地基反力係數 Coefficient of sub-grade reaction驟縮係數 Coefficient of sudden contraction膨脹係數 Coefficient of swelling潮汐係數 Coefficient of tide輸送係數 Coefficient of transmissibility上頂係數 Coefficient of uplift變差係數 Coefficient of variation流速係數 Coefficient of velocity樁竪向反力係數 Coefficient of vertical pile reaction 滯性係數 Coefficient of viscosity體減係數 Coefficient of volume decrease體增係數 Coefficient of volume expansion權係數 Coefficient of weight立體係數 Coefficient，block穴蝕係數 Coefficient，cavitation曳力係數 Coefficient，drag排水係數 Coefficient，drainage形狀係數 Coefficient，form吸著係數 Coefficient，hydroscopic吸著水係數 Coefficient，hydroscopic water機械摩擦係數 Coefficient，mechanical 孔口係數 Coefficient，orifice溢流係結 Coefficient，overflow周緣係數 Coefficient，peripheral反應係數 Coefficient，regression發散係數 Coefficient，transpiration均勻係數 Coefficient，uniformity堰係數 Coefficient，weir凋萎係數 Coefficient，wilting圍堰 Cofferdam箱式船閘 Cofferlock凝聚力 Cohesion視凝聚力 Cohesion，apparent真凝聚力 Cohesion，true黏著性 Cohesiveness軸環，頂圈 Collar集水 Collection of water放淤 Colmation碎浪 Comber壓實，夯實 Compaction壓實度 Compaction，degree of壓實機 Compactor潮區 Compartment，tidal分潮日 Component day分潮時 Component hour壓縮性，受壓率 Compressibility斷熱壓縮 Compression，adiabatic壓縮模數 Compression，modulus of 壓縮機 Compressor壓縮計 Compressor meter大氣凝結 Concentration，atmospheric 含泥量 Concentration，silt集流時間 Concentration，time of邊緣條件 Condition，edge進口條件 Condition，entrance水文條件 Condition，hydrologic共振條件 Condition，resonance水質處理 Conditioning，water傳導性，導水率 Conductivity毛管導水率 Conductivity，capillary 水道，導管 Conduit暗渠 Conduit，closed壓力水道 Conduit，pressure電線地道 Conduit，wiring洩降圓錐面 Cone of depression減壓錐 Cone of pressure relief抽降錐 Cone of pumping depression鹽水侵入錐 Cone of salt-water intrusion地下水面降落錐 Cone of water-table depression 沖積錐 Cone，alluvial砂礫錐 Cone，debris砂礫錐 Cone，detritus合流點，滙流 Confluence礫岩 Conglomerate地下水保持 Conservation，ground water水土保持 Conservation，soil稠度 Consistency乾稠度 Consistency，dry中稠度 Consistency，medium濕稠度 Consistency，wet固結作用 Consolidation固結儀 Consolidation apparatus固結度 Consolidation，degree of固結百分數 Consolidation，percentage of固結率 Consolidation，rate of地層常數 Constant，formation氣體常數 Constant，gas傳導常數 Constant，transmission型式常數 Constant，type土壤成份 Constitution，soil約束效能 Constriction，effect of臨界含水量 Content，critical moisture 含水量 Content，moisture自然含水量 Content，natural moisture 含泥量 Content，silt含水量 Content，water水位等高線 Contour，water level射流頸 Contracta，vena約束，收縮 Contraction底部約束 Contraction，bottom河槽約束 Contraction，channel全約束 Contraction，complete頂約束 Contraction，crest側約束 Contraction，end不全約束 Contraction，incomplete橫約束 Contraction，lateral部份約束 Contraction，partial不全約束 Contraction，suppressed 水面約束 Contraction，surface垂直約束 Contraction，vertical控制 Control人工控制 Control，artificial洪水控制，防洪 Control，flood 地面控制 Control，ground溝蝕控制 Control，gully水源控制 Control，head water低水控制 Control，low water機械控制 Control，mechanical開渠控制 Control，open channel 河川控制 Control，river植物控制 Control，vegetative除草控制 Control，weed管冷却 Cooling，pipe水冷却 Cooling，water頂石 Coping核心，石心 Core鑽心 Core，boring泥土心牆 Core，puddle石心鑽取率 Core-recovery測深線水上改正 Correction，air液面彎曲改正 Correction，meniscus 測深線水下改正 Correction，water聯繋表 Correlation table直線聯繫，單聯繫 Correlation，lineal 複聯繫 Correlation，multiple局部聯繫 Correlation，partial單聯繫 Correlation，simple腐蝕，銹 Corrosion可隆方程式 Coulomb's equation可隆公式 Coulomb's formula支撐 Counterfort平衝重 Counterpoise偶力 Couple水力連接器 Coupling，hydraulic雪踏勘 Course，snow水道 Course，water辣z Cover plate冰層 Cover，ice雪層 Cover，snow保護層 Covering收縮裂縫 Crack，contraction毛細裂縫 Crack，hair破裂 Cracking鞍座 Cradle起重機 Crane橋式起重機 Crane，bridge索道起重機 Crane，cable傾卸車起重機 Crane，car dumping 臏u起重機 Crane，derrick浮式起重機 Crane，floating跨越起重機 Crane，gantry鵝頸式起重機 Crane，goose-neck 起重機鈎 Crane，hook of 水力起重機 Crane，hydraulic平伸起重機 Crane，level luffing蒸氣起重機 Crane，locomotive架空起重機 Crane，overhead跨式起重機 Crane，portal旋轉起重機 Crane，revolving活動雙肢起重機 Crane，shear leg 高塔起重機 Crane，tower移動起重機 Crane，traveling卡車起重機 Crane，truck小溪 Creek滲線 Creep，line of壩頂 Crest，dam頂長 Crest，length of溢道頂 Crest，spillway波峯 Crest，wave堰頂 Crest，weir決口 Crevasse裂縫 Crevice籠，筐 Crib筐籠工 Cribwork條作 Cropping，strip克勞氏法 Cross method斷面，橫斷面 Cross section最佳水力斷面 Cross section，best hydraulic 複式斷面 Cross section，compound經濟斷面 Cross section，economic斷面因數 Cross section，factor of最經濟斷面 Cross section，most efficient正常斷面 Cross section，normal水線斷面 Cross section，water line繫船十字柱 Cross，mooring過渡段 Crossing平交道 Crossing，level橫斷面測量 Cross-sectioning堤頂 Crown，levee碎石機 Crusher冰雪學 Cryology冰晶體 Crystal，ice柯爾曼法 Culmann method西餅式灌溉 Cultivation，waffle涵洞，涵 Culvert拱涵 Culvert，arch箱涵 Culvert，box倒虹吸涵 Culvert，inverted siphon 縱向涵 Culvert，longitudinal管涵 Culvert，pipe支涵 Culvert，spur緣石，護角 Curb井欄 Curb，well養護 Curing旋度 Curl流，溜 Current流速儀 Current meter旋杯式流速儀 Current meter，cup-type推進式流速儀 Current meter，propeller type 流角 Current，angle of沿岸流 Current，coastal水流控制 Current，control of橫流 Current，cross異重流 Current，density潛射流 Current，diving風激流 Current，drift退潮流 Current，ebb渦流 Current，eddy漲潮流 Current，flood碎浪流 Current，littoral經常海流 Current，permanent漩潮流 Current，rotary tidal副流 Current，secondary潮流 Current，tidal橫流 Current，transverse浮壩 Curtain柳枝浮壩 Curtain of willow木柵浮壩 Curtain，pole retard曲率 Curvature軸向曲度 Curvature，axial曲度半徑 Curvature，radius of表面曲度 Curvature，surface曲線配製 Curve fitting等速曲線 Curve of equal velocity浮面曲線 Curve of flotation滑裂曲線 Curve of sliding面積曲線 Curve，area面積水量曲線 Curve，area-capacity面積深度曲線 Curve，area-depth曲線水量曲線 Curve，area-volume廻水曲線 Curve，back water性能曲線 Curve，characteristic性能曲線 Curve，characteristic performance 組合曲線 Curve，composition壓縮曲線 Curve，compressibility積累曲線 Curve，cumulative流速儀檢定曲線 Curve，current meter rating 差積曲線 Curve，deduction mass虧率曲線 Curve，deficiency需求曲線 Curve，demand需求累積曲線 Curve，demand mass牯雃掃u Curve，depletion深度延時曲線 Curve，depth-duration差積曲線 Curve，differential mass流量曲線 Curve，discharge水位流量曲線 Curve，discharge rating水位流量曲線 Curve，discharge stage水位流量曲線 Curve，discharge-elevation 雙積曲線 Curve，double mass雙反向曲線 Curve，double reversing洩降曲線 Curve，draw-down跌降曲線 Curve，drop-down延時曲線 Curve，duration效率曲線 Curve，efficiency等效曲線 Curve，equal efficiency等馬力曲線 Curve，equal horsepower膨脹曲線 Curve，expansion流量延時曲線 Curve，flow duration流量累積曲線 Curve，flow summation頻率曲線 Curve，frequency水頭容量曲線 Curve，head capacity滲量曲線 Curve，infiltration capacity進流曲線 Curve，inflow等效曲線 Curve，iso-efficiency等距平曲線 Curve，isonomalom負荷曲線，載重曲線 Curve，load累積曲線 Curve，mass顆粉分析曲線 Curve，mechanical analysis含水壓力曲線 Curve，moisture pressure動量曲線 Curve，momentum出流曲線 Curve，outflow出流蓄水因數曲線 Curve，outflow-storage factor出力效率曲線 Curve，output efficiency性能曲線 Curve，performance機率曲線 Curve，probability機率分配曲線 Curve，probability distribution常流曲線 Curve，Q-constant雨量延時曲線 Curve，rainfall duration雨量強度曲線 Curve，rainfall intensity雨量強度延時曲線 Curve，rainfall intensity duration 雨量累積曲線 Curve，rainfall mass檢定曲線 Curve，rating關係曲線 Curve，relation支配曲線 Curve，rule逕流累積曲線 Curve，runoff mass砂樣分析曲線 Curve，sand analysis偏差機率曲線 Curve，skew probability蓄洩曲線 Curve，storage draft蓄水高度曲線 Curve，storage elevation蓄能曲線 Curve，stored energy表面曲線 Curve，surface潮位曲線 Curve，tidal雨量延時面積曲線 Curve，time-area-depth 時間強度曲線 Curve，time-intensity時間沉陷曲線 Curve，time-settlement漸變曲線 Curve，transition流速分佈曲線 Curve，velocity distribution 垂直流速曲線 Curve，vertical velocity原始壓縮曲線 Curve，virgin compression 壓力隙比曲線 Curve，voids ratio-pressure 水面曲線 Curve，water surface零點進流曲線 Curve，zero inflow水褥 Cushion，water挖土 Cut裁灣 Cut-off天然裁灣 Cut-off，natural氣候週期 Cycle，climatic水文循環 Cycle，hydrologic水循環 Cycle，water氣旋 Cyclone非熱帶性氣旋 Cyclone，extratropical巨石混凝土 Cyclopean concrete竹蛇籠 Cylinder，bamboo鉛絲蛇籠 Cylinder，wire狄隆勃原理 D Alembert principle達爾頓定律 Dalton's law壩 Dam活動壩 Dam movable壩址 Dam siteA架壩 Dam，A-frame砥壩 Dam，apron拱壩 Dam，arch拱鋼壩 Dam，arch steel拱重力壩 Dam，arch-gravity熊阱壩 Dam，bear trap堆木壩 Dam，beaver type timber草壩 Dam，brush撐牆壩 Dam，buttressed大頭撐牆壩 Dam，buttressed diamond head type懸臂鋼壩 Dam，cantilever steel帆布壩 Dam，canvas谷坊，攔砂壩 Dam，check鎖壩 Dam，closure土石混合壩 Dam，composite混合堆石壩 Dam，composite type rock fill 混凝土壩 Dam，concrete固結壩 Dam，consolidation等角拱壩 Dam，constant angle arch等徑拱壩 Dam，constant radius arch心牆堆石壩 Dam，corewall type rock-fill筐籠壩 Dam，crib橫壩 Dam，cross捲簾壩 Dam，curtain圓筒拱壩 Dam，cylindrical arch鈑梁壩 Dam，deck girder分水壩，引水壩 Dam，diversion潛壩 Dam，drowned鼓壩 Dam，drum土壩 Dam，earth土心牆堆石壩 Dam，earth core type rock-fill 防險壩 Dam，emergency固定壩 Dam，fixed架壩 Dam，framed門壩 Dam，gate礫石壩 Dam，gravel重力壩 Dam，gravity壩跟 Dam，heel of空心壩 Dam，hollow水力淤填壩 Dam，hydraulic fill水力淤填壩 Dam，hydraulic fill earth蓄水壩 Dam，impounding污工壩 Dam，masonry聯拱壩 Dam，multiple arch聯穹壩 Dam，multiple dome針壩 Dam，needle滾水壩 Dam，overflow堆石壩 Dam，rock-fill碾壓土壩 Dam，rolled fill earth輥壩 Dam，roller圓頭撐牆壩 Dam，round head type buttressed 蠻石壩，亂石壩 Dam，rubble-masonry半淤填土壩 Dam，semi-hydraulic fill earth 牐壩 Dam，shutter平板撐牆壩 Dam，slab and buttress溢水壩 Dam，spillway丁壩，挑水壩 Dam，spur鋼壩 Dam，steel石工壩 Dam，stone masonry潛壩 Dam，submerged對稱拱壩 Dam，symmetrical arch三心拱壩 Dam，three centered arch壩趾 Dam，toe of三拱壩 Dam，triple arch不對稱拱壩 Dam，unsymmetrical arch 百葉壩 Dam，wicket洪水炎害 Damage，flood淹沒損害 Damage，flowage阻震 Damping達基公式 Darcy's formula達基定律 Darcy's law水尺基點 Datum，gage漂流物，岩滓 Debris攔砂柵 Debris barrier沉砂池 Debris trap地下水損失 Decrement，ground water變向帽，轉向板 Deflector射流變向器 Deflector，jet散絮作用 Deflocculation變形性 Deformability變形 Deformation彈性變形 Deformation，elastic 平面變形 Deformation，plane塑性變形 Deformation，plastic 變形率 Deformation，rate of減小坡度，降低河床 Degradation 脫水 Dehydration德勒塞定律 Delesse's law三角洲 Delta潛三角洲 Delta，submerged海底三角洲 Delta，undersea擊實 Densification密度 Density假密度 Density，bulk排水密度 Density，drainage集結密度 Density，mass相對密度 Density，relative河流密度 Density，river河川密度 Density，stream淤積 Deposit霧 Deposit frozen fog淤積層 Deposit，alluvial冰川淤積層 Deposit，glacial山麓沖積層 Deposit，piedmont alluvial淤積作用 Deposition低氣壓，凹地 Depression共軛水深 Depth，conjugate臨界水深 Depth，critical深度因數 Depth，factor of水力半徑，平均水深 Depth，hydraulic mean 理想水深 Depth，ideal正常水深 Depth，normal整治深度 Depth，regulated比深 Depth，specific起重桿 DerrickA架起重桿 Derrick，A-framed頂索起重桿 Derrick，guy雙肢起重桿 Derrick，shear leg定肢起重桿 Derrick，stiff leg木肢起重桿 Derrick，timber stiff leg最佳設計 Design，optimum攔洪，滯洪 Detention初期阻滯 Detention，initial水庫阻滯 Detention，reservoir地下阻滯 Detention，subsurface地面阻滯 Detention，surface戴思力奇量水計 Dethridge meter雷管 Detonator電爆雷管 Detonator，electric瞬爆雷管 Detonator，instantaneous砂礫 Detritus最佳開發 Development，optimum分級開發 Development，stage極限開發 Development，ultimate洗井 Development，well偏差，分岐 Deviation標準幾何偏差 Deviation，standard geometric 量計，量器 Device，measuring除水 Dewatering能量洩降圖 Diagram，energy drawdown強風圖 Diagram，high-wind影響線圖 Diagram，influence滲透圖 Diagram，permeability管流圖 Diagram，pipe flow壓力容積圖 Diagram，pressure-volume 比能圖 Diagram，specific energy風向圖 Diagram，wind-direction風力圖 Diagram，wind-force臨界直徑 Diameter，critical經濟直徑 Diameter，economic當量直徑 Diameter，equivalent粒徑 Diameter，grain平均直徑 Diameter，mean中數直徑 Diameter，medium正常直徑 Diameter，normal四分直徑 Diameter，quartile沉降直徑 Diameter，sedimentation篩孔直徑 Diameter，sieve隔膜，膜板 Diaphragm矽泥 Diatom位相差 Difference，phase擴散道 Diffuser擴散 Diffusion飽差 Dificint，saturation堤，壩 Dike約束堤 Dike，contracting橫堤 Dike，cross裁灣堤 Dike，cut-off月堤 Dike，hooping順堤，順壩 Dike，longitudinal丁壩，挑水壩 Dike，spur潛壩 Dike，submerged順堤，順壩 Dike，training橫堤 Dike，transverse洪積層 Diluvium傾斜 Dip掛柳 Dip tree流量，出水量 Discharge中流量 Discharge medium (Q 50%)實有流量 Discharge，actual流量連續性 Discharge，continuity of 當量流量 Discharge，equivalent洪水流量 Discharge，flood自由流量 Discharge，free地下水流量 Discharge，ground water 最大流量 Discharge，highest (H.Q.)已知最大流量 Discharge，highest ever known (H.H.Q.) 理想流量 Discharge，ideal最小流量 Discharge，lowest (L.Q.)已知最小流量 Discharge，lowest ever know (L.L.Q.) 平均流量 Discharge，mean (M.Q.)平均最大流量 Discharge，mean highest (M.H.Q.)平均最小流量 Discharge，mean lowest (M.L.Q.)正常流量 Discharge，normal (N.Q.)洪峯流量 Discharge，peak流量率 Discharge，rate of河川流量 Discharge，river輸泥量 Discharge，silt比流量 Discharge，specific穩水頭流量 Discharge，stable head潛流量 Discharge，submerged理論流量 Discharge，theoretical有效流量，可能流量 Discharge，virtual散播 Dispersion能見距離 Distance，sight畸變 Distortion分流 Distributary分水箱 Distribution box季節分佈 Distribution，seasonal應力分佈 Distribution，stress分水井 Distributor排水區 District，drainage洪泛區域 District，flood periphary inundated 溝 Ditch土溝 Ditch，earth田溝 Ditch，farm截流溝 Ditch，intercepting支溝 Ditch，lateral幹溝 Ditch，main基溝 Ditch，muck放水溝 Ditch，relief挖溝機 Ditcher潛水伕 Diver分水，引水 Diversion分界線 Divide地下分水線 Divide，ground water地下分水線 Divide，phreatic地形分水線 Divide，topographic分水線 Divide，water船塢 Dock。