CHAPTER 13 DISTRIBUTION
世界经济概论英文版chapter13ForeignDirectInvestment
• Equal access to domestic and overseas suppliers • Removal of the mandatory export requirement • Abolition of business plan filing
Evolution of China’s FDI Policies
• These changes demonstrate that China is serious about upgrading its industrial structure through utilising foreign capital in order to achieve sound and healthy economic development.
China’s proactive policies toward FDI resulted in increasing inflow of foreign capital in the late 1980s and, in particular, early 1990s
Evolution of China’s FDI Policies
• Despite the global financial crisis, FDI flows to China continued to rise, demonstrating its continuing popularity as an investment destination.
维纳过程和伊藤引理
Wiener Processes and Itô’s Lemma
维纳过程和伊藤引理
1
Stochastic Processes 随机过程
Describes the way in which a variable such as a stock price, exchange rate or interest rate changes through time 描述变量（例如股价、汇率、利率）随时间变化的方 式。
5
Weak-Form Market Efficiency
市场弱式有效
This asserts that it is impossible to produce consistently superior returns with a trading rule based on the past history of stock prices. In other words technical analysis does not work. 这表明不可能利用基于历史股价的交易规则来获取持续的超额 收益
Is the process followed by the temperature at a certain place Markov? 某个地方的温度服从马尔科夫过程吗
We assume that stock prices follow Markov processes 我们假设股票价格服从马尔科夫 维纳过程
Define f(m,v) as a normal distribution with mean m and variance v 定义f(m,v) 为均值为m，方差为v 的正态分布 A variable z follows a Wiener process if 一个变量z服从维纳过程如果满足如下条件
管理科学13-排队论(等候理论)
λ Po= 1−µ
Probability that n customers are in the system:
λ ⋅Po= λ 1−λ Pn= µ µ µ
n
= (24)2/[30(30 -24)] = 3.2 customers on the avg in the waiting line
11
Single-Server Waiting Line System Characteristics for Fast Shop Market (2 of 2)
W = 1 = L =1/[30 -24] µ−λ λ = 0.167 hour (10 min) avg time in the system per customer
Chapter 13 - Queuing Analysis 8
Single-Server Waiting Line System Basic Single-Server Queuing Formulas (1 of 2)
Probability that no customers are in the queuing system:
Chapter 13 - Queuing Analysis 3
Elements of Waiting Line Analysis
Waiting lines form because people or things arrive at a service faster than they can be served. Most operations have sufficient server capacity to handle customers in the long run. Customers however, do not arrive at a constant rate nor are they served in an equal amount of time. Waiting lines are continually increasing and decreasing in length.and approach an average rate of customer arrivals and an average service time, in the long run. Decisions concerning the management of waiting lines are based on these averages for customer arrivals and service times. They are used in formulas to compute operating characteristics of the system which in turn form the basis of decision making.
Articles of Association
MEMORANDUMANDArticles ofAssociationFORRomantic TizianoInternational Co. Incorporated the 6th day of March, 2000Articles of AssociationFORRomantic Tiziano International Co. Chapter 1 General ProvisionsChapter 2 ShareholderChapter 3 Directors and SupervisorChapter 4 Objectives and Scope of the Business Chapter 5 Total Investment Amount and the Registered CapitalChapter 6 Board of DirectorsChapter 7 Business Management OfficeChapter 8 Taxation, Finance and ForeignChapter 9 Distribution of ProfitsChapter 10 Labor ManagementChapter 11 Trade UnionChapter 12 InsuranceChapter 13 Duration, Dissolution and Liquidation Chapter 14 Rules and RegulationsChapter 15 Supplementary ProvisionsChapter 1 General ProvisionsArticle 1In accordance with Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises and other relevant Chinese laws and regulations, Romantic Tiziano, American Company, intends to set up Romantic Tiziano International Co., an exclusively foreign-owned enterprise, in Shanghai, China. For this purpose, Articles of Association hereunder are formulated.Article 2The name of the Company is: Romantic Tiziano Trading Co., Ltd.The legal address of the Company is at: 2011 Avenue of the wineries, Shanghai, China.The legal representative of the Company is: Jane HuangArticle 3The name of the Shareholder is: Jane Huang, Alva Jin, Rina Meng, Rebecca Mao, Danny Xu, and Sunny Wu.The place of incorporation is: Shanghai, China.The legal address of the Shareholder is: Napa Valley, California, American.The legal representative of the Shareholder is: Jane Huang.The nationality of the legal representative is: AmericanArticle 4The organization form of the Company is a limited liability company. The Shareholder is liable to the Company within the limit of its capital subscription, and the Company shall assume external liabilities with all of its assets.Article 5The Company is under the governance and protection of Chinese laws and its activities must comply with the stipulations of the Chinese laws, decrees and relevant regulations and shall not damage the public interests of China.Chapter 2 ShareholdersArticle 6The shareholder is the Compan y’s organ of power, which shall exercise the following functions:1. Determining the Company’s operational guidelines and investment plans;2. Electing and changing the Directors and supervisor assumed by non-representatives of the employees and deciding the matters relating to their remuneration;3. Deliberating and approving reports of the Board of Directors;4. Deliberating and approving reports of the supervisor;5.Deliberating and approving annual financial budget plans andfinal account plans of the Company;6.Deliberating and approving Company profit distribution plansand loss recovery plans;7.Making resolution about the increase or reduction of thepany’s registered capital;9.Adopting resolutions about the assignment, split-up,dissolution, liquidation, change of Company form of the Company;10.Revising the Articles of Association of the Company;11.Other functions as specified by the articles of association.For any of the matters as listed in the preceding paragraph, if all shareholders consent to it in writing, it is not required to convene a shareholders meeting. A decision may be made directly and shall bear the signature or seals of all the shareholders.When the shareholder content to the Company’s operational guidelines and investment plans, he shall make it in written form, put his signature to it and preserve it in the Company.Chapter 3 Directors and SupervisorArticle 7The board of directors shall be responsible for the shareholder and shall exercise the following functions:1.Presenting reports to the shareholder;2.Adopting resolutions made at the shareholder;3.Determining the operational plans and investment plans;4.Working out the company’s annual financial budget plansand final account plans;5.Working out the company’s profit distributio n plans and6.loss recovery plans;7.Working out the company’s plans on the increase orreduction of registered capital;8.Working out the company’s plans on merger, split-up,change of the company form, dissolution etc.;9.Making decisions on the establishment of the companiesinternal management departments;10.Making decisions on the hiring or dismissing thecompany’s manager and his remuneration, and accordingto the nomination of the manager, deciding on the hiringor dismissal of vice manager(s) and the person in chargeof finance as well as their remuneration.11.Working out the company’s basic management systemand12.Other functions as specified in the articles of association. Article 8The Company does not establish a Board of Supervisors and it will have ONE Supervisor appointed by the Shareholder.Article 9Each term of office of the Supervisors shall be 3 years. The Supervisors may, after the expiry of their term of office, hold a consecutive term of office upon re-election. No director or manager may concurrently work as a Supervisor.If no re-election is timely carried out after the expiry of the term of office of the Supervisors, the original supervisors shall, before the newly elected Supervisors assumes his post, exercise thepowers of the supervisors in accordance with the laws, administrative regulations, as well as the articles of association. Article 10The Supervisor may exercise the following powers:(1)To check the financial affairs of the Company;(2)To supervise the duly-related acts of the directors andsenior managers, to put forward proposals on the removalof any director or senior manager who violates any law,administrative regulation, the articles of association orany resolution of the shareholders meeting;(3)To demand any director or senior manager to makecorrections if his act has injured the interests of theCompany;(4)To put forward proposals at shareholders meetings;(5)To initiate actions against directors or senior managers inaccordance with Article 152 of the law.The Supervisor may attend the meetings of the Board of Directors as a nonvoting attendee, and may raise questions or suggestions about the matters to be decided by the Board of Directors.The expenses necessary for the Supervisor of the Company to perform his/her duties shall be borne by the Company.Chapter 4 Objective and Scope of the BusinessArticle 11The objective of the Company is to engage in the importation, distribution and exportation of Romantic Tiziano brand liquors. We are dedicated to serve natural, free from contamination, pure handmade drinks to the potential Chinese market and uses China as a bridge as well as a key to the whole world. We combine high-technology and handmade skills to make you believe enjoy life are borderless.Article 12The business scope of the Company is to engage in the importation, distribution and exportation of Romantic Tiziano brand liquors. The colorful varieties include wines, brandy, champagnes and whiskies at different rate.Chapter 5 Total Investment Amount and the Registered CapitalArticle 13The amount of total investment of the Company is RMB 1000, 000.00;The registered capital is RMB 1000,000.00.Article 14The Shareholder shall contribute at least 15% of the registered capital of the Company within ninety days of the issuance of its business license. The balance of the registered capital shall be contributed in full within 2 year after the issuance of business license of the Company.Article 15The Shareholder shall contribute the registered capital with the following method:1. The Investor shall contribute at least 15% of the registeredcapital of the Company within ninety days of the issuance of its business license. The balance of the registered capital shall be contributed in full within 2 year after the issuance of business license of the Company.The capital contribution of each party shall be converted according to the current exchange rate of the People's Bank of China.The capital contribution in kind shall be recognized as available on the day when the Company obtains the certificate of right. Article 16Within 30 days upon the capital contribution of the Company to any installment, the Company shall engage certified public accountants registered in China to verify the capital and present a report on the verification of capital. Within 30 days upon receipt of the report on capital verification, the Company shall present a certificate of capital contribution to the Shareholder and file with the original examination and approval authority and the administrative department of industry and commerce.Article 17The readjustment of registered capital or total investment amount shall, after being unanimously agreed by the Board of Directors, be submitted to the original examination and approval authority for approval and go through alteration formalities with theadministrative department of industry and commerce.Chapter 6 Board of DirectorsArticle 18The Company shall set up the Board of Directors, which shall be the highest authority of the Company. It shall decide on all major issues concerning the Company. The date of issuance of the approval certificate of the Company shall be the date of the establishment of the Board of Directors.Article 19The Board of Directors is composed of 5 directors, with 1 chairperson and 4 directors. The shareholders of the Board shall be appointed by the Shareholder. The term of office for the directors and chairperson is three years, and their term of office may be renewed if continuously appointed by the appointing party. Any party shall inform the other party of its appointment or replacement of directors and put it on file with the administrative department of industry and commerce.Article 20The chairperson of the Board is the legal representative of the Company. Should the chairperson be unable to exercise his/her responsibilities for any reason, he/she shall authorize the other director to exercise rights and fulfill obligations.Article 21The Board of Directors shall convene at least one meeting everyyear. The meeting shall be called and presided over by the chairperson of the Board. The chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by more than one third of the total number of directors.Article 22The Board meeting (including interim meeting) shall not be held without the attendance of more than two thirds of directors. Each director has one vote. Attendance can be made by tele-conference.Article 23In case a director cannot attend the Board meeting, he/she should issue a letter of attorney entrusting other person to attend the Board meeting and vote on his/her behalf. Should he/she not attend or entrust other person to attend the Board meeting in due course, he/she shall be deemed to waive his/her right.Article 24Unanimous approval of all the directors present to the Board meeting shall be required for any decisions concerning the following issues:1.modification of the Articles of Association of the Company;2.termination or dissolution of the Company;3.readjustment of registered capital of the Company;4.Split of the Company or merger with other economic organizations.5.Issues which, according to the Board of Directors, must be unanimously passed by all directors.Other issues can be passed by the decisions of simple majority.Article 25Each Board meeting shall have detailed minutes, which shall be signed by all the directors present at the meeting. The meeting minutes shall be put on file of the Company for future reference.Chapter 7 Business Management OfficeArticle 26The Company exercises chief executive officer responsibility system under the leadership of the Board of Directors, with 1 chief executive officer, 1 chief operative officer, chief product officer, chief sales officer, chief financial officer,chief procurement officer.Article 27The chief executive officer is directly responsible to the Board of Directors and shall carry out the various decisions of the Board and organize and guide the overall production of the Company. Article 28Several chief officers may be appointed by the management office to be responsible for the work in various departments respectively, handle the matters handed over by the chief executive officer and be responsible to him.Article 29The chief executive officer and other chief officers shall earnestlyperform their duty and shall not hold concurrent post as a officer or other forms of employee for other companies.In case of malpractice or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the chief executive officer can be dismissed at any time upon the decision of the Board meeting.Article 30The departments of the Company and the setup of department structure shall be planned by the chief executive officer through consultation and shall be determined by the Board of Directors. Other sub-departments and the setup of positions other than chief officer shall be determined by the chief executive officer through consultation.Article 31In case of malpractice or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the chief officers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at any time.Chapter 8 Taxation, Finance and Foreign Exchange ManagementArticle 32The Company shall pay various items of taxes in accordance with relevant Chinese laws and stipulations on taxation.Article 33Staff shareholders and workers of the Company shall pay individual income tax according to Individual Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China.Article 34The Company shall implement accounting system in accordance with relevant financial management system of the People's Republic of China. The Company shall, according to international practice, adopt accrual accounting system and debit-credit book-keeping method.Article 35The fiscal year of the Company shall be from January 1 to December 31 of each Gregorian calendar year. The first fiscal year shall be from the day when the business license is issued to December 31 of the same year.Article 36All accounting vouchers, account books and statements shall be written in Chinese and shall, if written in foreign languages, be supplemented with Chinese.Article 37The Company shall use RMB bookkeeping. Conversion of RMB with other currencies shall be calculated on the basis of current numeraire exchange rate of the People's Bank of China on the day of arising.Article 38The Company shall, in accordance with applicable Chinese laws and regulations, open a foreign currency account and a RMB account in domestic banks.Article 39In the first 3 months of each fiscal year, the general manager shall prepare the previous year's balance sheet, profit and loss statement and profit distribution proposal and submit them to the Board of Directors for examination and approval.Financial checking and examination of the Company shall be conducted by an auditor registered in China and the auditor's report shall be submitted to the Board of Directors.Article 40The foreign exchange issues of the Company shall be handled in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations concerning foreign exchange administration.Chapter 9 Distribution of ProfitsArticle 41The Company shall set aside allocations for reserve funds and welfare funds and bonuses for staff and workers from the after-income-tax profits. The specific proportion of allocations shall be decided by the Board of Directors in accordance with Rules for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign- Capital Enterprises and otherrelevant laws and regulations of China.Article 42The remaining profits after payment of company income tax and allocation of various funds in accordance with the stipulations of Article 38 shall be distributed to the Shareholder according to the decision of the Board of Directors.Article 43The profits of the Company shall be distributed annually and no profits shall be distributed should the losses in the previous years not be covered. The undistributed profits in the past fiscal years can be distributed together with the distributable profits in the current fiscal year.Chapter 10 Labor ManagementArticle 44Such issues of the Company as recruitment, employment, dismissal, resignation, welfare, labor protection and labor discipline shall be handled in accordance with relevant stipulations of China on labor and social insurance. The Company shall not employ child labor.Article 45The Company shall enter into labor contract with the employees and shall file with the local labor administration authority.Article 46The Company has the power to impose punishment such as disciplinary warning, demerit recording, wage reduction and even dismissal in case of grave misconduct on the staff shareholders and workers violating the rules, regulations and labor discipline of the Company. Dismissal of staff shareholder or worker shall be filed with the local labor administration authority.Article 47The wages and remuneration of the staff shareholders and workers of the Company shall be decided by the Board of Directors in accordance with relevant stipulations in China and according to the situation of the Company and shall be specifically stipulated in the labor contract.Chapter 11 Trade UnionArticle 48The staff shareholders and workers of the Company have the right to set up grassroots trade union organization and carry out trade union activities in accordance with the provisions of Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China.Article 49The trade union of the Company represents the interests of the staff shareholders and workers. It plays the following roles: (1) Safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of staff shareholders and workers according to law,(2) Assisting the Company in proper allocation and utilization of employee welfare and bonus fund, organizing the staff shareholders and workers to study politics, science, technology and professional knowledge and carry out recreational and physical activities, educating the staff shareholders and workers to observe labor discipline and strive to fulfill the various economic targets of the Company.Article 50The trade union of the Company can, on behalf of the staff shareholders and workers, enter into collective labor contract with the Company and supervise the performance of the labor contract.Article 51When the Company study and decide on the issues relating to staff shareholders and workers such as reward and punishment, wage system, welfare, labor protection and insurance, the representatives of the trade union have the right to attend the meeting as a non-voting delegate. The Company shall listen to the opinions of the trade union and seek cooperation from the trade union.Article 52The Company shall actively support the work of the trade union and, in accordance with Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China, provide the trade union with necessary premises and facilities to conduct work, hold meeting and carry out collective welfare, cultural and physical activities for the staffshareholders and workers.Article 53The Company shall allocate on a monthly basis 2% of the actually paid wages of the staff shareholders and workers as its trade union fund, which shall be used by its trade union in accordance with the measures of All-China Association of Trade Union on the management of trade union fund.Chapter 12 InsuranceArticle 54Insurance policies of the Company on various kinds of risks shall be underwritten with the insurance companies in China. Types, value and duration of insurance shall be decided by the Board of Directors in accordance with the stipulations of the insurance companies.Chapter 13 Duration, Dissolution and LiquidationArticle 55The operating period of the Company is fifteen years and shall start from the date on which the business license of the Company is issued.Article 56Should the Shareholder decide to extend the operating period, itshall submit a written application to the original examination and approval authority at lease 180 days prior to the expiry date of the operating period. The duration can be extended upon the approval of the examination and approval authority and completion of registration formalities in the original registration authority.Article 57In addition to expiration of the operating period, the shareholders can decide to terminate the Company ahead of time due to the following reasons:1.Heavy losses due to mismanagement;2.Unable to go on business due to heavy losses caused by force majeure such as natural disaster and war;3.Bankrupt;4.Revoked according to law due to violation of Chinese laws and regulations and damage to public interests;5.Occurrence of other causes for termination as stipulated in the present Articles of Association.Article 58Upon the expiration or termination of the operating period of the Company, the Shareholders shall formulate liquidation procedures and principles and organize a liquidation committee. The liquidation committee shall be composed of at least three shareholders, who will be selected by the Board of Directors from the directors or engaged by the Board of Directors from the relevant professionals.Article 59The liquidation committee shall conduct liquidation on the Company in accordance with Liquidation Measures for Foreign-funded Enterprises. The role of the liquidation committee is to check up completely the assets, creditor’s rig hts and liabilities of the Company, prepare balance sheet and statement of assets, formulate liquidation scheme and implement this scheme after the investors pass it.Article 60During the period of liquidation, the liquidation committee shall act as the legal representative of the Company in filing and responding to lawsuits.Article 61The liquidation expenses shall be paid in priority from the existing assets of the Company.Article 62After the liquidation of the Company is over, the remaining assets after liquidation of debts shall be distributed to the Shareholder. Article 63After the liquidation is over, the Company shall go through the formalities of registration cancellation with the administrative department of industry and commerce, hand in the business license for cancellation and announce the liquidation to the public.Chapter 14 Rules and RegulationsArticle 64The Company shall formulate the following rules and regulations through the Board of Directors:1.business management system, including the function andpower and working procedure of the subordinate management departments;2.code of conduct for employees;bor and wage system;4.work attendance, promotion, reward and punishment systemfor employees;5.employee welfare system;6.financial system;7.liquidation procedure for liquidation of the Company;8.Other necessary rules and regulations.Chapter 15 Supplementary ProvisionsArticle 65The formation, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the present Articles of Association shall be governed by the relevant laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China. In case there is no applicable Chinese law for a specific issue, international practices shall be used as reference.Article 66The present Articles of Association will become valid only uponthe approval of Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Commerce. The same applies to the amendment to these Articles of Association. Article 67The present Articles of Association is signed in __Shanghai__ (place) on _ 2011-4-13_ (date) by the legal representative of the Shareholder or its authorized representative.Legal representative of the Company or its authorized representativeSignature (stamp)____ Danny Xu____。
Ch13卡方分布应用
Goodness-of-Fit: An Example
# Vehicles 0 1 2 3+
[Oj– Ej ]2/ Ej 3.1296 0.0501 3.2910 0.3777 Sum = 6.8484 I. H0: p0 = 0.135, p1 = 0.337, p2 = 0.335, p3+ = 0.193 Vehicle-ownership distribution in this community is the same as it is in the nation as a whole. H1: At least one of the proportions does not equal the stated value. Vehicle-ownership distribution in this community is not the same as it is in the nation as a whole.
© 2002 The Wadsworth Group
Chi-Square Tests of Independence Between Two Variables
• The Question:
– Are the two variables independent? If the two variables of interest are independent, then
• Hypotheses: – H0: pi = values expected H1: pi values expected where p 1 . j © 2002 The Wadsworth Group
Goodness-of-Fit Tests
• Rejection Region:
外商独资企业章程(中英文版)
Articles of AssociationforZhongbao Energy Resources Service CompanyChapter 1 General ProvisionsChapter 2 Objectives, Scope and Scale of Production and Business Chapter 3 Total Investment Amount and the Registered CapitalChapter 4 InvestorsChapter 5 Board of DirectorsChapter 6 SupervisorsChapter 7 Business Management OfficeChapter 8 Labor ManagementChapter 9 Trade UnionChapter 10 T axation and FinanceChapter 11 Exchange ManagementChapter 12 D istribution of ProfitsChapter 13 D uration and TerminationChapter 14 InsuranceChapter 15 Supplementary ProvisionsChapter 1 General ProvisionsArticle 1In accordance with Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises ,Company Law of the PRC and other relevant Chinese laws and regulations, __Treasure China Investment Limited intends to set up Zhongbao Energy Resources Service Co. Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as the Company), an exclusively foreign-owned enterprise. For this purpose, these Articles of Association hereunder are worked out.Article 2The investing party is a legal person registered with Hong Kong in accordance with the laws of Hong Kong. Basic information as follows:The legal name of the investing party is Treasure China Investment Limited. Its legal representative: Name NationalityThe legal address of the Company is at Rooms 1001-4A, Champion Building, 287-291 Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong.Tel:Fax:Article 3The name of the Company in Chinese is中宝能源设备服务有限公司The name of the Company in English is Zhongbao Energy Resources Service Company.The legal address of the Company is at 6,Gangwu Avenue, Xi’an International Trade &Logistics Park, Xi’an, China.Article 4Chairman of the Board is the legal representative, perform his or her duties comply with the stipulations of the Chinese laws, decrees and relevant regulations.Article 5The Company is Chinese legal person, its activities is under the governance of Chinese laws and regulations. All the legitimate rights and interests of the company is under the guarantee and protection of Chinese law. The company form is Co., Ltd. The responsibility of the investor is limited to the registered capital of the company. Company is responsible for the debts by all its assets. After being agreed by China relevant departments, company can set up branches or subsidiaries on domestic or abroad.Chapter 2 Objectives, Scope and Scale of Production and Business Article 6The objective of the Company is to strengthen economic cooperation and technological exchange, also promote the development of Chinese national economy and ensure satisfactory economic benefits for the investing party. Article 7The business scope of the Company is Drilling equipment and accessories sales, labor services, drilling engineering, petroleum technology consulting and services (above the range are free from state laws and regulations and restrictions prohibit operating the project, involving licensing qualification, with operating permits)Chapter 3 Total Investment Amount and the Registered CapitalArticle 8The amount of total investment of the Company is USD90,000,000; theregistered capital is USD50,000,000. The registered capital is paid in _____ installments. Within three months upon the issuance of business license, _____ of the first installment shall be paid, and the rest part shall be paid off in two years.The difference between the total amount of investment and the registered capital can obtain from bank loans or shareholder loans.Article 9The proportion for export of the Company is _________. The Board of Directors or the corporate management with authorization from the Board of Directors can decide at its own discretion on domestic or overseas sale of the products of the Company.Chapter 3 Total Investment Amount and the Registered Capital Article 10The amount of total investment of the Company is ______________; the registered capital is ______________.Article 11The contribution methods of the Company are,cash _____________________;kind equivalent of ___________.Article 12The investing party shall contribute the registered capital with the following method: (Note: choose one of them)1. Paying off all the capital within six months upon the issuance of businesslicense.2. The registered capital is paid in ___________ installments. Within threemonths upon the issuance of business license, _______ of the first installment shall be paid, accounting for ___% of its subscribed capital, and the rest part shall be paid off in ___ months. (Note: The contribution to the first installment shall not be less than 15% of its subscribed capital.)The capital contribution of each party shall be converted according to the current numeraire exchange rate of the People's Bank of China.The capital contribution in kind shall be recognized as available on the day when the Company obtains the certificate of right.Article 13Within 30 days upon the capital contribution of the Company to any installment, the Company shall engage certified public accountants registered in China to verify the capital and present a report on the verification of capital. Within 30days upon receipt of the report on capital verification, the Company shall present a certificate of capital contribution to the investing party and file with the original examination and approval authority and the administrative department of industry and commerce.Article 14The readjustment of registered capital or total investment amount shall, after being unanimously agreed by the Board of Directors, be submitted to the original examination and approval authority for approval and go through alteration formalities with the administrative department of industry and commerce.Chapter 4 Board of DirectorsArticle 15The Company shall set up the Board of Directors, which shall be the highest authority of the Company. It shall decide on all major issues concerning the Company. The date of issuance of the approval certificate of the Company shall be the date of the establishment of the Board of Directors.Article 16The Board of Directors is composed of _____directors, with one chairperson and ____ vice-chairpersons. The members of the Board shall be appointed by the investing party. The term of office for the directors, chairperson and vice-chairpersons is four years, and their term of office may be renewed if continuously appointed by the appointing party. Any party shall inform the other party of its appointment or replacement of directors and put it on file with the administrative department of industry and commerce.Article 17The chairperson of the Board is the legal representative of the Company. Should the chairperson be unable to exercise his/her responsibilities for any reason, he/she shall authorize the vice-chairperson or any other director to exercise rights and fulfill obligations.Article 18The Board of Directors shall convene at least one meeting every year. The meeting shall be called and presided over by the chairperson of the Board. The chairperson may convene an interim meeting based on a proposal made by more than one third of the total number of directors.Article 19The Board meeting (including interim meeting) shall not be held without the attendance of more than two thirds of directors. Each director has one vote.Article 20In case a director cannot attend the Board meeting, he/she should issue a letter of attorney entrusting other person to attend the Board meeting and vote on his/her behalf. Should he/she not attend or entrust other person to attend the Board meeting in due course, he/she shall be deemed to waive his/her right.Article 21Unanimous approval of all the directors present to the Board meeting shall be required for any decisions concerning the following issues:1. modification of the Articles of Association of the Company;2. termination or dissolution of the Company;3. readjustment of registered capital of the Company;4. split of the Company or merger with other economic organizations.5. issues which, according to the Board of Directors, must be unanimously passed by all directors.Other issues can be passed by the decisions of simple majority.Article 22Each Board meeting shall have detailed minutes, which shall be signed by all the directors present at the meeting. The meeting minutes shall be put on file of the Company for future reference.Chapter 5 Business Management OfficeArticle 23The Company exercises general manager responsibility system under the leadership of the Board of Directors, with ____ general managers and ____ deputy general managers to be engaged by the Board of Directors.Article 24The general manager is directly responsible to the Board of Directors and shall carry out the various decisions of the Board and organize and guide the overall production of the Company. The deputy general managers shall assist the general manager in his/her work. The terms of reference of the general manager and deputy general managers shall be decided by the Board of Directors.Article 25Several department managers may be appointed by the management office to be responsible for the work in various departments respectively, handle the matters handed over by the general manager and deputy general managers and be responsible to them.Article 26The general manager, the deputy general managers and all the other managers shall earnestly perform their duty and shall not hold concurrent post as a manager or other forms of employee for other companies.In case of malpractice or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general manager and deputy general managers, they can be dismissed at any time upon the decision of the Board meeting.Article 27The departments of the Company and the setup of department structure shall be planned by the general manager and deputy general managers through consultation and shall be determined by the Board of Directors. Other sub-departments and the setup of positions other than senior managers shall be determined by the general manager and the deputy general managers through consultation.Article 28In case of malpractice or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the senior managers, the Board of Directors shall have the power to dismiss them at any time.Chapter 6 Taxation, Finance and Foreign Exchange Management Article 29The Company shall pay various items of taxes in accordance with relevant Chinese laws and stipulations on taxation.Article 30Staff members and workers of the Company shall pay individual income tax according to Individual Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China. Article 31The Company shall implement accounting system in accordance with relevant financial management system of the People's Republic of China. The Company shall, according to international practice, adopt accrual accounting system and debit-credit book-keeping method.Article 32The fiscal year of the Company shall be from January 1 to December 31 of each Gregorian calendar year. The first fiscal year shall be from the day when the business license is issued to December 31 of the same year.Article 33All accounting vouchers, account books and statements shall be written in Chinese and shall, if written in foreign languages, be supplemented with Chinese.Article 34The Company shall use RMB bookkeeping. Conversion of RMB with other currencies shall be calculated on the basis of middle rate promulgated by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on the day of arising.Article 35The Company shall, in accordance with applicable Chinese laws and regulations, open a foreign currency account and a RMB account in domestic banks.Article 36In the first 3 months of each fiscal year, the general manager shall prepare the previous year's balance sheet, profit and loss statement and profit distribution proposal and submit them to the Board of Directors for examination and approval.Financial checking and examination of the Company shall be conducted by an auditor registered in China and the auditor's report shall be submitted to the Board of Directors.Article 37The foreign exchange issues of the Company shall be handled in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations concerning foreign exchange administration.Chapter 7 Distribution of ProfitsArticle 38The Company shall set aside allocations for reserve funds, expansion funds of the Company and welfare funds and bonuses for staff and workers from the after-income-tax profits. The specific proportion of allocations shall be decided by the Board of Directors in accordance with Rules for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign- Capital Enterprises and other relevant laws and regulations of China.Article 39The remaining profits after payment of company income tax and allocation of various funds in accordance with the stipulations of Article 38 shall be distributed to the investing party according to the decision of the Board of Directors.Article 40The profits of the Company shall be distributed annually and no profits shall be distributed should the losses in the previous years not be covered. The undistributed profits in the past fiscal years can be distributed together with the distributable profits in the current fiscal year.Chapter 8 Labor ManagementArticle 41Such issues of the Company as recruitment, employment, dismissal, resignation, welfare, labor protection and labor discipline shall be handled in accordance with relevant stipulations of China on labor and social insurance. The Company shall not employ child labor.Article 42The Company shall enter into labor contract with the employees and shall file with the local labor administration authority.Article 43The Company has the power to impose punishment such as disciplinary warning, demerit recording, wage reduction and even dismissal in case of grave misconduct on the staff members and workers violating the rules, regulations and labor discipline of the Company. Dismissal of staff member or worker shall be filed with the local labor administration authority.Article 44The wages and remuneration of the staff members and workers of the Company shall be decided by the Board of Directors in accordance with relevant stipulations in China and according to the situation of the Company and shall be specifically stipulated in the labor contract.Chapter 9 Trade UnionArticle 45The staff members and workers of the Company have the right to set up grassroots trade union organization and carry out trade union activities in accordance with the provisions of Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China.Article 46The trade union of the Company represents the interests of the staff members and workers. It plays the following roles:safeguarding the lawful rights and interests of staff members and workers according to law,assisting the Company in proper allocation and utilization of employee welfare and bonus fund,organizing the staff members and workers to study politics, science, technology and professional knowledge and carry out recreational and physical activities,educating the staff members and workers to observe labor discipline and strive to fulfill the various economic targets of the Company.Article 47The trade union of the Company can, on behalf of the staff members and workers, enter into collective labor contract with the Company and supervise the performance of the labor contract.Article 48When the Company study and decide on the issues relating to staff members and workers such as reward and punishment, wage system, welfare, labor protection and insurance, the representatives of the trade union have the right to attend the meeting as a non-voting delegate. The Company shall listen to the opinions of the trade union and seek cooperation from the trade union. Article 49The Company shall actively support the work of the trade union and, in accordance with Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China, provide the trade union with necessary premises and facilities to conduct work, hold meeting and carry out collective welfare, cultural and physical activities for the staff members and workers.Article 50The Company shall allocate on a monthly basis 2% of the actually paid wages of the staff members and workers as its trade union fund, which shall be used by its trade union in accordance with the measures of All-China Association of Trade Union on the management of trade union fund.Chapter 10 InsuranceArticle 51Insurance policies of the Company on various kinds of risks shall be underwritten with the insurance companies in China. Types, value and duration of insurance shall be decided by the Board of Directors in accordance with the stipulations of the insurance companies.Chapter 11 Duration, Dissolution and LiquidationArticle 52The operating period of the Company is ___________ years and shall start from the date on which the business license of the Company is issued.Article 53Should the investing party decide to extend the operating period, it shall submita written application to the original examination and approval authority at lease6 months prior to the expiry date of the operating period. The duration can be extended upon the approval of the examination and approval authority and completion of registration formalities in the original registration authority. Article 54In addition to expiration of the operating period, the Board of Directors can decide to terminate the Company ahead of time due to the following reasons:1. Heavy losses due to mismanagement;2. Unable to go on business due to heavy losses caused by force majeure such as natural disaster and war;3. Bankrupt;4. Revoked according to law due to violation of Chinese laws and regulations and damage to public interests;5. Occurrence of other causes for termination as stipulated in the present Articles of Association.Article 55Upon the expiration or termination of the operating period of the Company, the Board of Directors shall formulate liquidation procedures and principles and organize a liquidation committee. The liquidation committee shall be composed of at least three members, who will be selected by the Board of Directors from the directors or engaged by the Board of Directors from the relevant professionals.Article 56The liquidation committee shall conduct liquidation on the Company in accordance with Liquidation Measures for Foreign-funded Enterprises. The role of the liquidation committee is to check up completely the assets, creditor’s rights and liabilities of the Company, prepare balance sheet and statement of assets, formulate liquidation scheme and implement this scheme after the investors pass it.Article 57During the period of liquidation, the liquidation committee shall act as the legal representative of the Company in filing and responding to lawsuits.Article 58The liquidation expenses shall be paid in priority from the existing assets of theCompany.Article 59After the liquidation of the Company is over, the remaining assets after liquidation of debts shall be distributed to the investing party.Article 60After the liquidation is over, the Company shall go through the formalities of registration cancellation with the administrative department of industry and commerce, hand in the business license for cancellation and announce the liquidation to the public.Chapter 12 R ules and RegulationsArticle 61The Company shall formulate the following rules and regulations through the Board of Directors:1. business management system, including the function and power andworking procedure of the subordinate management departments;2. code of conduct for employees;3. labor and wage system;4. work attendance, promotion, reward and punishment system foremployees;5. employee welfare system;6. financial system;7. liquidation procedure for liquidation of the Company;8. other necessary rules and regulations.Chapter 13 S upplementary ProvisionsChapter 62The present Articles of Association shall be written in (1) Chinese. (2) in Chinese and _______. Both language versions are equally authentic. In the event of any discrepancy between the two aforementioned versions, the Chinese version shall prevail. (Note: choose either (1) or (2).)The present Articles of Association shall be made in _____ original copies, with one copy for the investing party, one copy for the examination and approval authority and one copy for the administrative department of industry and commerce.Article 63The formation, validity, execution and interpretation of the present Articles of Association shall be governed by the relevant laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China. In case there is no applicable Chinese law for aspecific issue, international practices shall be used as reference.Article 64The present Articles of Association will become valid only upon the approval of Nanjing Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation Bureau. The same applies to the amendment to these Articles of Association.Article 65The present Articles of Association is signed in ___________ (place) on _____________ (date) by the legal representative of the investing party or its authorized representative.Legal representative of the Company or its authorized representative Signature (stamp)外商独资企业章程(设董事会)第一章总则第二章宗旨、经营范围第三章投资总额和注册资本第四章董事会第五章经营管理机构第六章税务、财务和外汇第七章利润分配第八章职工第九章工会第十章保险第十一章期限、终止与清算第十二章规章制度第十三章附则第一章总则第一条根据《中华人民共和国外资企业法》及中国其它有关法律、法规,______国_____________________ 公司拟在南京浦口开发区设立独资经营企业_______________________有限公司（下称公司）.为此,特制定本章程.第二条公司中文名称为：__________________________有限公司公司英文名称为：__________________________________________公司法定地址为：__________________________________________第三条投资方：系依_________国法律在___________ 国合法注册的法人,其法定名称为：____________________________________；法定地址为：______________________________________________；法定代表人：______________；国籍：___________；职务：__________.第四条公司组织形式为有限责任公司.投资方以其认缴出资额为限对公司承担责任,公司以其全部资产对外承担债务.第五条公司受中国法律管辖和保护,其一切活动必须遵守中国的法律、法令和有关条例的规定,不得损害中国的社会公共利益.第二章宗旨和经营范围第六条公司的宗旨是：采用先进而适用的技术和科学的经营管理方法,生产____________产品,发展新产品,并促进产品在质量、价格等方面具有国际市场上的竞争能力,提高经济效益,使投资方获得满意的经济利益.第七条公司的经营范围为:_______________________________第八条合营公司投产后生产规模为 .第九条合营公司外销比例为： .本公司自产的产品可由董事会或董事会授权经营层自行决定在中国境内或境外销售.第三章投资总额与注册资本第十条公司的投资总额为________________；注册资本为_______________.第十一条公司出资方式为现金__________________；实物折___________________.第十二条投资方将按以下方式出缴注册资本：（任选一种）1. 在营业执照签发之日起六个月内一次性全部缴清.2. 注册资金分______期缴付,第一期在营业执照签发之日起三个月内缴付____________,占出资额的______％, 其余部分在_____ 个月内缴齐.（注：第一期出资不得低于认缴出资额的15%）出资均按缴款当日中国人民银行公布的基准汇率折算.以实物等形式出资的,其到资日为公司取得权利证书之日.第十三条公司缴付任一期出资额后三十日内,由本公司聘请在中国注册的会计师验资,并出具验资报告.公司在收取验资报告之日起三十日内向出资方出具出资证明书,并报原审批机关及工商行政管理部门备案.第十四条公司投资总额和注册资本的调整,应由董事会一致通过后,报原审批机关批准,并向工商行政管理机关办理变更登记手续.第四章董事会第十五条公司设董事会.董事会是本公司的最高权力机构,决定本公司的一切重大问题.公司批准证书签发之日即为董事会成立之日.第十六条董事会由______人组成,设董事长一名,副董事长_____名,董事会成员由投资方委派.董事、董事长和副董事长每届任期四年,经委派方继续委派可以连任.不论委派还是撤换董事,均应书面通知另一方,并向工商行政管理部门备案.第十七条董事长是本公司的法定代表人.董事长因故不能履行职责时,应授权副董事长或其他董事代表行使权利及义务.第十八条董事会会议每年至少召开一次,由董事长召集并主持会议.经三分之一以上的董事提议,董事长应召开董事会临时会议.第十九条董事会会议（包括临时会议）应当有三分之二以上的董事出席方能举行.每名董事享有一票表决权.第二十条董事因故不能参加董事会会议的,应出具委托书,委托他人代表其出席会议和表决,如届时未出席也未委托他人出席,则视作弃权.第二十一条下列事项需要由出席董事会会议的董事一致通过决定：1、公司章程的修改；2、公司的终止解散；3、公司注册资本的调整；4、公司的分立及与其他经济组织的合并；5、董事会认为须由董事一致通过的事项.对其他事宜,可采取简单多数通过决定.第二十二条每次董事会会议均应详细记录,并由出席会议的全体董事签字.会议记录由公司存档备查.第五章经营管理机构第二十三条公司实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制,设总经理___人,副总经理___人；总经理、副总经理由董事会聘任.第二十四条总经理直接对董事会负责,执行董事会各项决议；组织和领导本公司的全面生产.副总经理协助总经理开展工作.总经理、副总经理的职权范围由董事会讨论决定.第二十五条经营管理机构可设若干部门经理,分别负责企业各部门的工作,办理总经理和副总经理交办的事项,并对总经理和副总经理负责.第二十六条总经理、副总经理以及其他所有经理均应认真履行其职责,不得兼任其他公司的经理或其他形式的雇员.总经理、副总经理有营私舞弊或严重失职的,经董事会会议决议可随时撤换.第二十七条公司的部门及部门结构设置由总经理商副总经理制定方案,由董事会决定.其他部门及管理人员之外的其他职位设置由总经理商副总经理决定.第二十八条高级管理人员有营私舞弊或严重失职的,董事会可随时解聘.第六章税务、财务和外汇管理第二十九条公司依照中国法律和有关税收的规定缴纳各种税金.第三十条本公司职工收入按照《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》缴纳个人所得税.第三十一条公司的会计制度,按照中华人民共和国的有关财会管理制度执行.公司采用国际通用的权责发生制和借贷记帐法记帐.第三十二条公司的会计年度为公历年制,即公历一月一日到十二月三十一日止.第一个会计年度自营业执照签发之日起至同年十二月三十一日止.第三十三条公司的会计凭证、账簿、报表,应用中文书写,用外文书写的,应加注中文.第三十四条公司采用人民币为记账本位币.人民币同其它货币折算,按实际发生之日国家外汇管理局公布的中间价计算.第三十五条公司应根据中国适用的法律法规在境内银行开立外汇账户和人民币的账户.第三十六条每一营业年度的头三个月,由总经理组织编制上一年度的资产负债表、损益计算书和利润分配方案,提交董事会会议审查.公司的财会审计聘请在中国注册的会计师审查、稽核,并将审查结果报告董事会.第三十七条公司的外汇事宜,依照中国有关外汇管理的法规办理.第七章利润分配第三十八条公司从缴纳所得税后的利润中提取储备基金、企业发展基金和职工奖励及福利基金.具体比例由董事会根据《外资企业法实施细则》和中国其他有关法律法规决定.第三十九条依法缴纳公司所得税并提取第三十八条规定的各项基金后剩余的利润,根据董事会的决定分配给投资方.第四十条公司的利润每年分配一次.以往年度亏损尚未弥补前不得分配利润.以往会计年度未分配的利润,可与本会计年度可供分配的利润一并分配.第八章职工第四十一条公司职工的招收、招聘、辞退、辞职、福利、劳动保护、劳动纪律等事宜,按照中国有关劳动和社会保障的规定办理.公司不得雇用童工.第四十二条公司与录用员工依法订立劳动合同,并报当地劳动管理部门备案.第四十三条公司有权对违犯公司的规章制度和劳动纪律的职工,给予警告、记过、降薪的处分,情节严重可予以开除.开除职工须报当地劳动部门备案.第四十四条公司职工的工资待遇,参照中国有关规定,根据公司具体情况,由董事会确定,并在劳动合同中具体规定.第九章工会组织第四十五条公司的职工有权依照《中华人民共和国工会法》的规定,建立基层工会组织,开展工会活动.第四十六条公司工会是职工利益的代表.它的任务是：依法维护职工的合法权益；协助公司合理安排和使用职工福利、奖励基金；组织职工学习政治、科学技术和业务知识,开展文艺、体育活动；教育职工遵守劳动纪律,努力完成公司的各项经济任务.第四十七条公司工会可以代表职工同公司签订集体劳动合同,并监督劳动合同的执行.第四十八条公司研究决定有关职工奖惩、工资制度、生活福利、劳动保护和保险问题,工会代表有权列席会议,公司应当听取工会的意见,取得工会的合作.第四十九条公司应当积极支持本企业工会的工作,依照《中华人民共和国工会法》的规定,为工会组织提供必要的房屋和设备,用于办公、会议、举办职工集体福利、文化、体育事业.第五十条公司每月按企业职工实发工资总额的百分之二拨交工会经费.由本企业工会按照中华全国总工会有关工会经费管理办法使用.第十章保险第五十一条公司的各项保险均在中国的保险公司投保,投保险别、保险价值、保期等按照保险公司的规定由董事会决定办理.第十一章限期、终止与清算第五十二条公司的经营期限为_____年,从营业执照签发之日起计算.第五十三条若投资方决定延长经营期限,应在合营期满前并至少提前六个月,向原审批机关提出书面申请.经审批机构批准并在原登记机构办完登记手续后方能延长期限.第五十四条除经营期满外,因下列原因董事会可决定提前终止公司：1.经营不善,严重亏损；2.因自然灾害、战争等不可抗力而遭受严重损失,无法继续经营；3.破产；4.违反中国法律、法规,危害社会公共利益被依法撤销；5.本章程规定的其他解散事由已经出现.第五十五条公司经营期满或提前终止,董事会应制定清算程序和原则,组织清算委员会.清算委员会至少由三人组成,其成员由董事会在董事中选任或者聘请有关专业人员担任.第五十六条清算委员会依据《外商投资企业清算办法》对公司进行清算.清算委员会的任务是对公司的资产、债权和债务进行全面清查、编制资产负债表和资产目录、制定清算方案,并在投资者通过后执行该清算方案.第五十七条在清算期间,清算委员会代表公司起诉或应诉.第五十八条清算费用从企业现存财产中优先支付.第五十九条公司清算结束后的资产,在清偿债务之后分配给投资方.第六十条本公司清算结束,应当向工商行政管理机关办理注销登记手续,缴销营业执照并将清算对外公告.第十二章规章制度第六十一条公司通过董事会应制订下列规章制度：1、经营管理制度,包括所属各个管理部门的职权与工作程序；2、职工守则；3、劳动工资制度；4、职工考勤、升级与奖惩制度；5、职工福利制度；6、财务制度；7、公司解散时的清算程序；8、其他必要的规章制度.第十三章附则第六十二条本章程用（1）中文写成.（2）中文和文写成,两种文字具有同等效力,上述两种文本如有不符,以中文本为准.（注：任选一种）本章程一式份,投资方执一份,审批部门及工商行政管理部门各执一份.第六十三条本章程及其附件的订立、效力、履行和解释适用中国的有关法律法规.如果对某一特定事宜,中国未颁布法律,则须参照国际惯例.第六十四条本章程须中华人民共和国对外经济贸易部(或其委托的审批机构)批准才能生效.其修改时同.第六十五条本章程由投资方法定代表人或其授权代表于_______ 年___月 ___日在____________签字.公司法定代表人或其授权代表签字（盖章）合作协议书甲方：珠海思雅教育咨询有限公司乙方：甲乙双方本着“各展所长精诚合作坦诚以待互利共赢”的原则就青少年华杯赛项目相关事宜达成协议签署本合作协议书.一、合作项目青少年华杯赛培训项目二、合作期限自2010年10月15日起至20______年____月____日止为期______.如双方认可合作可以续签协议.三、合作方式华杯赛项目品牌由思雅教育咨询有限公司所有华杯赛项目由双方负责组织招生、甲方负责具体的常规管理工作负责智力检测服务及学习管理教师和心理咨询教师由乙方负责华杯赛训练课程授课.四、利益分配以单个学生学费为标准甲方收取每生600基础费用后再进行招生受益分成所剩学费甲乙双方按照55的比例分配收益.甲方在协议期内不再提高600元基础费用华杯赛参赛费用、交通费用、前期招生运营费用由甲方负责.五、双方职责（一）甲方职责.1.负责提供办学所需的基本条件包括社会力量办学许可证、公章等提供需要数量的办公室和教室2、负责草拟全部宣传推广招生广告的策划、设计、文字和内容3、负责学生教学班级日常教学管理具体工作宣传推广、招生广告、招生咨询、招生报名、除华杯赛教学内容以外教学组织、教学安排、学生管理、学员答疑等4.协助乙方加强安全管理保证合作项目的正常运营与乙方就招生、课程安排、教学教务管理等友好协商以项目正常运转为要务.5、负责开具学员学费的正式收据并收取相关课程费用.（二）乙方职责.。
市场营销英文版Chapter-13Marketing-Channels-and-Supply-Chain-Management
13 - 17
How a Distributor Reduces the Number of Channel Transactions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
= Manufacturer
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A. Number of contacts without a distributor MxC=3X3=9
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Case Study
Caterpillar
Dominates world’s markets for heavy construction and mining equipment. Independent dealers are key to success Dealer network is linked via computers
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Objectives
Comprehend how companies select, motivate, and evaluate channel members. Understand the nature and importance of marketing logistics and integrated supply chain management.
Factory
Ship
• Produce to forecast
Supplier
Ship
• Produce to forecast • Produce to order with lead time
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What is a Supply Chain?
P&G or other manufacturer Jewel or third party Jewel Supermarket Customer wants detergent and goes to Jewel
Chapter13复习
Chapter 13Marketing Channels and Supply ManagementMultiple Choice1.Caterpillar Company charges premium prices for its heavy equipment. It issuccessful because _____.a.the equipment is high qualityb.its distribution is unparalleledc.its customer support system is strongd.both a and b(d; Moderate)2.Another reason for Caterpillar’s success is that its dealers _____.a.operate at low costb.build strong customer relationships in their communitiesc.are skilled in promotiond.discount prices to their best customers(b; Moderate)3.Why is Caterpillar’s service to dealers and customers such an advantage in winningand keeping customers?a.The high quality equipment reduces downtime combined with fast service.b.There is no freight charge on parts with a minimum order.c.All service personnel have at least six years experience in their jobs.d.All of the above are true.(a; Challenging)4.Choose the item below that is not a reason why Caterpillar enjoys a close workingrelationship with its dealers.a.extraordinary dealer supportb.dealer performancec.Internet communicationd.dealer profitability(a; Moderate)5.Which of the following is not a typical supply chain member?a.resellerb.customerc.intermediaryd.intermediary’s creditor(d; Easy)6._____ from the manufacturer or service provider is the set of firms that supply theraw materials, components, parts, information, finances, and expertise needed to create a product or service.a.Downstreamb.Upstreamc.Separatedd.None of the above(b; Moderate)7. A better term for supply chain would be _____.a.supply and demand chainb.demand chainc.channel of distributiond.distribution channel(b; Easy)8.With the advent of the Internet, most companies are forming _____ with otherfirms.a.stronger relationshipsb.more numerous and stronger relationshipsc.more numerous and complex relationshipsd.more profitable relationships(c; Challenging)9.When suppliers, distributors, and customers partner with each other to improvethe performance of the entire system, they are participating in a _____.a.value delivery networkb.channel of distributionc.supply chaind.demand chain(a; Moderate)10.The logistics and distribution manager of BeltWay Enterprises, Inc. regularlydeals with the four major questions concerning marketing channels. Identify the one that is not associated.a.How do channel firms interact and organize to do the work of the channel?b.What is the nature of marketing channels and why are they important?c.What problems do companies face in designing and managing their channels?d.What role do financial and transportation members play in retaining customers? (d; Challenging)11.Most producers today sell their goods to _____.a.final usersb.final users and marketing membersc.intermediariesd.the government at various levels(c; Easy)12. A company’s channel decisions directly affect every other_____.a.channel memberb.marketing decisionc.customer’s choicesd.employee in the channel(b; Moderate)13.Distribution channel decisions often involve _____ with other firms.a.short-term commitmentsb.long-term commitmentsc.major problemsd.financial losses(b; Moderate)14.Joe Blanco has discovered that his intermediaries usually offer his firm more thanit can achieve on its own because of their contacts, experience, specialization, and _____.a.financial supportb.fast servicec.scale of operationd.working relationships with foreign distributors(c; Moderate)15.From the economic system’s point of view, the role of marketing intermediariesis to transform the _____ made by producers into the _____ wanted by consumers.a.products; productsb.assortment of products; productsc.products; assortment of productsd.assortment of products; assortment of products(d; Moderate)16.Producers benefit from using intermediaries because they _____.a.offer greater efficiency in making goods available to target marketsb.operate less expensivelyc.save a lot of workd.are generally backlogged with orders(a; Easy)17.Intermediaries play an important role in matching _____.a.dealer with customerb.supply and demandc.product to regiond.none of the above(b; Easy)18.What are the three gaps that separate goods and services from those who woulduse them?a.time, place, formb.place, possession, formc.time, place, possessiond.place, time, need(c; Moderate)19.One of the following is not a key function that intermediaries play in completingtransactions. Choose it.a.promotionrmationc.negotiationd.financing(d; Moderate)20.One of the following is not a key function that intermediaries play in helping tofulfill a completed transaction. Choose it.a.physical distributionb.promotionc.financingd.risk taking(b; Challenging)21.There is an old saying, “You can eliminate the middleman, but you cannoteliminate the _____.”a.middleman’s functionsb.profit lostc.time lostd.lost customers(a; Easy)22.In marketing terms, we say that the number of intermediary levels indicates the_____ of a channel.a.depthplexityc.involvementd.length(d; Easy)23.As a producer of goods, you would be concerned that a greater number of channellevels means _____ and greater channel complexity.a.less profitb.less controlc.more potential ideasd.all of the above(b; moderate)24.All of the institutions in a channel are connected by several types of flows,including physical flow, flow of ownership, payment flow, information flow, and _____ flow.a.promotionb.acquisitionc.customerd.return product(a; Challenging)25.An advantage of a channel of distribution over selling direct to consumers is thateach channel member plays a _____ in the channel.a.time-saving partb.specialized rolec.decisional rolermational role(b; Moderate)26.Joanie Calvert is experiencing a disagreement with intermediaries in the channelover who should do what and for what rewards. Joanie is experiencing _____.a.channel delusionb.channel problemsc.channel conflictd.channel mismanagement(c; Easy)27.When two Burger King restaurants have a disagreement over who should be ableto sell in quantity at a discount to local athletic teams, they are in a _____ conflict.a.verticalb.problematicc.no-wind.horizontal(d; Easy)28.Staples Office Supply opened an online store that created competition with manyof its dealers. The corporate office created _____ conflict.a.verticalb.problematicc.no-wind.horizontal(a; Easy)29.Historically, conventional channels have lacked the leadership to _____.a.assign channel member roles and attain efficiencyb.attain efficiency and assign member rolesc.assign member roles and manage conflictd.all of the above(c; Challenging)30. A conventional distribution channel consists of one or more _____ producers,wholesalers, and retailers.a.product-relatedb.independentc.contractd.estranged(b; Easy)31.An advantage of a vertical marketing system (VMS) is that it acts as a _____system.a.unifiedb.more efficientc.modernd.customer-driven(a; Challenging)32. A corporate VMS has the advantage of controlling the entire distribution chainunder _____.a. a profit-maximizing strategic planb.single ownershipc.mass distributiond.few intermediaries(b; Easy)33.What are the three major types of vertical marketing systems?a.corporate, contractual, chainb.contractual, corporate, independentc.corporate, contractual, administeredd.administered, independent, franchised(c; Moderate)34. A distinguishing feature of a contractual VMS is that coordination and conflictamong the independent members of the channel are attained through _____.a.oral agreementsb.working partnershipsc.limited liability corporationsd.contractual agreements(d; Easy)35.The most common type of contractual agreement in business is the _____.a.franchise organizationb.vertical marketing systemc.conventional marketing channeld.corporate VMS(a; Moderate)36.This is the scenario. You and your best friend are exploring the possibility ofbuying into a franchise but are not sure what type to go into. You discover that one of the following is not a common type and want to stay clear of it. Which one is it?a.manufacturer-sponsored retailer franchise systemb.manufacturer-sponsored wholesaler franchise systemc.wholesaler-sponsored retail franchise systemd.service-firm-sponsored retailer franchise system(c; Challenging)37.Leadership in this type of marketing system is assumed not through commonownership or contractual ties but through the size and power of one or a fewdominant channel members.a.horizontal marketing systemb.administered VMSc.corporate VMSd.conventional marketing channel(b; Easy)38.The most common type of hybrid marketing channel is the _____.a.dual distribution systemb.multichannel distribution systemc.administered franchised.horizontal multichannel system(b; Moderate)39.As marketing manager for Globe Imports and Experts, you want to start reapingthe benefits of a multichannel distribution system. You should enjoy all of thefollowing except one. Please find it.a.expand salesb.expand market coveragec.sell at a higher gross margind.gain opportunities to tailor products and services to needs of diverse segments (c; Challenging)40.The use of multichannel systems in the United States is _____.a.deceasingb.increasingc.holding steadyd.spreading abroad fast(b; Easy)41.The major disadvantage of a multichannel system is that it is harder to control andit can generate _____.a.greater conflictb.less net profitc.fewer domestic salesd.inefficiency(a; Easy)42.Studies show that _____ is a major trend whereby product and service producersare bypassing intermediaries and going directly to final buyers, or that radically new types of channel intermediaries are emerging to displace traditional ones.a.the vertical marketing systemb.the corporate marketing systemc.disintermediationd.the corporate merger(c; Challenging)43.Designing a channel system calls for analyzing consumer needs, setting channelobjectives, _____, and evaluating them.a.establishing a budgetb.identifying major channel alternativesc.seeking regulatory approvald.seeking legal advice(b; Moderate)44.To increase a channel’s service level, it must provide a greater assortment ofproducts, more add-on services, and _____.a.lower pricesb.become more efficientc.faster deliveryd.better terms(c; Moderate)45.In establishing add-on services, you would consider all except which of thefollowing?a.deliveryb.creditc.repairsd.customer assembly(d; Easy)panies should state their channel objectives in terms of targeted levels of_____.a.co-op advertisingb.fair pricesc.customer serviced.efficiency and reduced conflict(c; Moderate)47.Which type of product might require a more direct marketing channel to avoiddelays and too much handling?a.lower-priced productsb.perishable productsc.higher-priced productsd.products in their maturity or decline stage(b; Moderate)48.When identifying the major channel alternatives, it is best to consider in terms oftypes, number, and ___ of intermediaries.a.sizeb.powerc.responsibilitiesd.none of the above(c; Easy)49.When determining the number of channel members to use at each level, threestrategies are available: intensive, exclusive, and _____ distribution.a.multichannelb.selectivec.internationald.direct(b; Easy)50.Chewing gum is stocked in many outlets in the same market or community; infact, it is placed in as many outlets as possible. This is an example of _____distribution.a.exclusiveb.selectivec.multichanneld.intensive(d; Easy)51.This type of distribution is used when the producer wants more than one, butfewer than all, of the intermediaries who are willing to carry its products.a.exclusiveb.selectivec.intensived.dual(b; Moderate)52.Sometimes a producer chooses only a few dealers in a market area to distributeits products or services. Generally these dealers are given a right to _____.a.exclusive distributionb.selective distributionc.intensive distributiond.administered distribution(a; Easy)53.When establishing the responsibilities of channel members, the producer mustestablish a list price, give a fair set of discounts for intermediaries, and define each channel member’s _____.a.sales volumeb.territoryc.legal rightsd.customers(b; Moderate)54.Evaluating the major alternatives for channel members should be centered aroundall of the following except which one?a.economic factorsb.controlc.adaptive criteriad.channel leadership(d; Moderate)55.It is common for international marketers to _____ their channel strategies for eachcountry.a.extendb.adaptc.restrictd.seek approval for(b; Easy)56.It is especially difficult for many Western firms to break into the closely knittradition-bound _____ distribution network.a.Chineseb.Japanesec.Mexicand.Canadian(b; Moderate)57.China and India each contain more than a billion people. However, the markets areactually much smaller that they appear because of _____.a.inadequate distribution systemsb.indifference toward Western productsernment controld. a lack of resources(a; Challenging)58.You are faced with channel management at work. This calls for selecting,managing, _____, and evaluating channel members over time.a.reducing conflictb.reducing wastec.motivatingd.all of the above(c; Easy)59.When selecting intermediaries, a company should determine and evaluate eachchannel member’s years in business, other lines carried, growth and profit record, cooperation, and _____.a.reputationb.financial standingc.employees’ skillsd.executives’ ability to plan strategically(a; Challenging)60.Most companies practice strong PRM to forge long-term relationships withchannel members. What does PRM stand for?a.primary relationship managementb.potential relationship managementc.perennial relationship managementd.partner relationship management(d; Easy)61.Producers must regularly check channel member performance against standardssuch as which of the following?a.sales quotasb.average inventory levelsc.customer delivery timed.all of the above(d; Moderate)62.Sometimes a seller requires its dealers to abstain from handling competitors’products in an arrangement called _____.a.exclusive distributionb.exclusive dealingc.selective distributiond.exclusive pricing(b; Easy)63.For the most part, companies are _____ to develop whatever channelarrangements suit them.a.inclinedb.legally biasedc.legally freed.coerced(c; Moderate)64.Exclusive dealing is legal as long as it does not _____ or tend to create amonopoly and as long as both parties enter into the agreement _____.a.substantially lessen competition; legallyb.restrict trade; voluntarilyc.substantially lessen competition, voluntarilyd.none of the above(c; Challenging)65. _____ describes those arrangements whereby the producer of a strong brand sells itto a dealer only if the dealer will take some or all of the rest of the line.a.Exclusive distributionb.Exclusive dealingc.Exclusive tyingd.Tying agreement(d; Easy)66. Exclusive territorial agreements are normal practices in _____.a.vertical marketing systemsb.franchisesc.integrated marketing systemsd.horizontal marketing systems(b; Moderate)67. In today’s global marketplace, selling a product is sometimes easier than ______.a.making itb.advertising itc.getting it to the customerd.positioning it(c; Easy)68.Marketing logistics (physical distribution) involves getting the right product to theright customer in the right place at the right time. Which one of the following is not included in this process?a.planningb.implementingc.controlling the physical flow of goods, services, and informationd.gathering customer’s ideas for new products.(d; Easy)69. Today’s marketers prefer customer-centered logistics thinking. To be current intheir thinking, managers of ReadMore Magazines would consider all of these types of distribution except ______.a. outboundb. inboundc. inversed. reverse(c; Challenging)70.Why are companies placing greater emphasis on logistics?a.to give customers better service or pricesb.tremendous cost savings to the company and its customersc. a need for improved logistics managementd.all of the above(d; Moderate)71. For a company to minimize distributions costs, it must use slower delivery, smallerinventories, and ______.a. smaller shipping lotsb. larger shipping lotsc. eliminate small-order dealersd. reduce personnel in the supply chain(b; Easy)72. For Wilheight Company to provide maximum customer service, it must providerapid delivery, large inventories, liberal return policies, and _____.a. low cost merchandiseb. flexible assortmentsc. more credit optionsd. all of the above(b; Moderate)73. The difference between distribution centers and storage warehouses is that theformer are designed to _____.a. store goods for longer periodsb. hold larger volumesc. move goods rather than just store themd. none of the above(c; Easy)74. To reduce inventory management costs, many companies use a system where they carry only small inventories of parts or merchandise, often only enough for a few days of operation, called _____.a. reduction-inventory managementb. just-in-time logisticsc. limited inventory logisticsd. supply chain management(b; Easy)75. Which of the following transportation modes is used for digital products?a. truckb. railc. Internetd. air(c; Easy)76. This transportation mode is highly flexible in their routing and time schedules.a. truckb. railc. waterd. air(a; Easy)77. Jewels for the Rich and Famous sells very exclusive jewelry with a minimum price of $25,000 to customers around the world. Speed of delivery to distant markets is a must. Management should consider using _____ as its main carrier.raila.airb.truckc.(UPS)d.brown(b; Moderate)78. Grayville Rock and Gravel, located in a seaport town, sells rock, gravel, and sand tolocal markets. It has just been awarded a contract with a company 500 miles down the seacoast. Management should consider switching from truck to _____ transport.watera.b. railpipelinec.d. none of the above(a; Challenging)79. In choosing a transportation mode for a product, shippers must balance theconsiderations of speed, dependability, cost, and _____.weighta.choicecustomerb.availabilityc.distanced.(c; Challenging)80. Match these intermodal transportation combinations: 1. rail and truck, 2. water andtruck, 3. water and rail.trainshipairtruck;a.fishyback;fishybackairtruck;b.piggyback;c. trainship; fishyback; piggybackd. piggyback; fishyback; trainship(d; Moderate)panies manage their supply chains through _____.a. skilled operatorsb. informationc. the Internetd. transportation modes(b; Easy)82.When major producers or suppliers work directly with a major retailer in orderingand shipping products, they often use _____ to save much time and money.a. dual distribution modesb. continuous inventory replenishment systemsc. the Internetd. their own trucking and distribution systems(b; Challenging)83.Julie Newmar recognizes that her company needs to provide better customer serviceand trim distribution costs through teamwork, both inside the company and among all the marketing channel organizations. Julie will begin the practice of _____.a. integrated logistics managementb. supply chain managementc. customer relationship managementd. horizontal marketing system(a; Challenging)84.What is the goal of integrated supply chain management?a. reduce costsb. increase services with minimal costc. harmonize all of the company’s logistics decisionsd. reduce conflict and increase cooperation among channel members(c; Challenging)85. Smart companies coordinate their logistics strategies and forge strong partnershipswith suppliers and customers to improve customer service and reduce channel costs through _____.a. cross-functional teamsb. cross-company teamsc. partneringd. cross-functional, cross-company teams(d; Challenging)86. The success of each channel member depends on the performance of _____.a. key channel membersb. the entire supply chainc. the channel captaind. the manufacturer(b; Moderate)True – False87.The reasons for Caterpillar’s success is high-quality products, flexible and efficient manufacturing, a steady stream of innovative new products, and a lean organization that is responsive to customer needs.(True; Moderate)88. Caterpillar’s exceptional parts department gives it a high advantage in winning and keeping customers.(False; Easy)89. Producing a product or service and making it available to buyers requires buildingrelationships not just with customers, but also with key suppliers and resellers in the company’s supply chain.(True; Easy)90.. Supply chain is a common term used for a channel of distribution. It may be too limited because it takes a make-and-sell view of the business.(True; Moderate)91. With the success of the Internet, few producers sell through intermediaries today. (False; Easy)92. Companies often forget to pay enough attention to their distribution channels so asto make long-term commitments to other firms.(True; Moderate)93. A major role played by intermediaries is to buy large quantities of products frommany producers and break them down into the smaller quantities and broaderassortments wanted by consumers.(True; Easy)94. Members of the marketing channel perform many key functions, such as helping tocomplete information, promotion, contact, matching, and negotiation transactions.They can also help to fulfill the completed transactions like e-procurement,financing, and risk taking.(False; Challenging)95. A growing trend is to use a direct marketing channel, which has no intermediarylevels so the company sells directly to consumers.(True; Easy)96. It is safe to say that distribution channels are complex behavioral systems in whichpeople and companies interact to accomplish individual, company, and channelgoals.(True; Moderate)97. Judy Smith is the manager of the local McDonalds franchise in Carterville.Recently the home office did not let her participate in coop advertising like theother McDonalds in her district. Now she is irritated and demands fairness. This is an example of horizontal conflict.(False; Challenging)98. A conventional distribution channel consists of one or more independent producers,wholesalers, and retailers. Each is a separate business seeking to maximize its own profits, even at the expense of the system as a whole. No channel member hasmuch control over the other members, and no formal means exists for assigningroles and resolving channel conflict.(True; Moderate)99. When Sherwin Wong Paint Company integrates successive stages of productionand distribution under a single ownership and attains coordination and conflictmanagement through regular organizational channels, it is using a corporate VMS. (True; Challenging)100. The franchise organization is the second most common type of contractual relationship wherein a channel member called a franchiser links several stages of the production-distribution process.(False; Moderate)101. When the NewWay Dry Cleaners and The Easy Laundromat in your hometown join forces to follow a new marketing opportunity, they are forming a horizontalmarketing system.(True; Easy)102. Always Fresh Produce Company has a route selling to more than 100 groceries, schools, and restaurants at wholesale prices. Last week the owners opened up awalk-in discounted consumer produce outlet. Always is now using a multichannel distribution system.(True; Moderate)103. The faster the delivery, the greater the assortment provided, and the more add-on services supplied, the more the channel’s service level is restricted.(False; Challenging)104. Disintermediation as a trend is on the rise in U.S. business.(True; Easy)105. Generally speaking, a company’s marketing channel objectives are influenced by the level of customer service sought, the nature of the company, its products, itsmarketing intermediaries, its competitors, and the environment.(True; Moderate)105. Most companies identify their major channel alternatives in terms of types of intermediaries, the number of intermediaries, and the cooperation of each channel member.(False; Challenging)106. Intensive distribution seeks many outlets in a market, selective distribution seeks several outlets, and exclusive seeks only one outlet in a given market area. (False; Moderate)107. The producer and intermediaries need to agree on the terms and responsibilities of each member. They should agree on price policies, conditions of sale, territorialrights, and specific services to be performed by each party.(True; Moderate)108. Once marketers learn how to penetrate foreign markets and their distribution systems, all of them become a challenging but relatively easy job.(False; Easy)109. In managing its channels, a company must convince distributors that they can succeed better by working together as a part of a cohesive value delivery system. (True; Easy)110. A producer must regularly check each channel member’s performance against standards. These standards typically include sales quotas, average cash flow levels, customer delivery time, treatment of damaged and lost goods, and services to the customer.(False; Challenging)111. The tasks involved in planning, implementing, and controlling the physical flow of materials, final goods, and related information from points of origin to points ofconsumption to meet customer requirements at a profit describes supply chainmanagement.(False; Challenging)112. Some of the major corporations like Proctor & Gamble and General Motors have developed logistics systems that both maximize customer service and minimizedistribution costs.(False; Challenging)113. The key to managing inventory is to balance the costs of carrying larger inventories against resulting sales and profits.(True; Moderate)114. When shipping large amounts of bulk products such as forest products, coal, sand, or rock over large distances, large trucks are a good choice because of their low cost per ton shipped.(False; Easy)115. The basis behind integrated logistics management is providing better customer service and trimming distribution costs. This requires teamwork, both inside thecompany and among all the marketing channel organizations.(True; Moderate)Essay116. The terms supply chain and demand chain are limited. Explain why “value delivery network” is a more relevant expression to use.Supply chain takes a make-and-sell view of the business and demand chain takes a step-by-step linear view of the purchase-production-consumption activities. Value delivery network is more appropriate because it is made up of the company,suppliers, distributors, and ultimately customers who partner with each other toimprove the performance of the entire system.(Easy; p. 325)。
会计英文版 十三单元答案
Solutions Manualto accompanyPrinciples of Accounting2nd editionbyJerry Weygandt, Keryn Chalmers, Lorena Mitrione Michelle Fyfe, Susana Yuen, Donald Kieso, Paul KimmelChapter 13Accounting for partnershipsJohn Wiley & Sons Australia, LtdCHAPTER 13 Accounting for Partnerships ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLELearning Objectives QuestionsBriefExercises Exercises Problems1. Identify thecharacteristics of thepartnership form ofbusiness entity.1, 2, 32. Explain the accountingentries for the formationof a partnership.4 1, 2 1 1, 33. Identify the bases fordividing profit or loss. 5, 6, 7, 8,93, 4, 5 2 2, 35. Explain the effects ofthe entries when a newpartner is admitted.11,12,13 6, 7 4,5,6, 46. Describe the effects ofthe entries when apartner withdraws fromthe partnership.14,15,16,17 8, 9 7,8,9 54. Describe the form andcontent of partnershipfinancial statements.10 3 1, 27. Explain the effects ofthe entries to record theliquidation of apartnership. 18,19,20,21,2210 10,11,12,136,7ASSIGNMENT CHARACTERISTICS TABLEProblemNumber Description DifficultyLevelTimeAllotted (min.)1 Prepare entries for formation of a partnership and astatement of financial position.Simple 20-302 Journalise divisions of profit and prepare a partnershipstatement of changes in equity.Moderate 30-403 Prepare entries for formation of a partnership, statementof financial position and show division of profit andprepare partners current accounts.Moderate 30-404 Journalise admission of a partner under differentassumptions.Moderate 30-405 Journalise withdrawal of a partner under differentassumptions.Moderate 30-406 Prepare entries and schedule of cash payments inliquidation of a partnership.Moderate 30-407 Journalise entries in a liquidation of a partnership withcapital deficiency.Moderate 30-4013-4✓ Accuracy checkedBLOOM’S TA XONOMY TABLECorrelation Chart between Bloom’s Taxonomy, Learning Objectives and End -of-Chapter Exercises and ProblemsLearning Objective Knowledge Comprehension ApplicationAnalysis SynthesisEvaluation1. Identify the characteristics of the partnership form of business organisation. Q13-1 Q13-2 Q13-32. Explain the accounting entries for the formation of a partnership. Q13-4 BE13-1 BE13-2 E13-1P13-13. Identify the bases for dividing profit or loss. Q13-5 Q13-6 Q13-8 Q13-7 Q13-9 BE13-3 BE13-4 BE13-5 E13-2P13-2P13-35. Explain the effects of the entries when a new partner is admitted. Q13-11 Q13-12 Q13-13 BE13-7 BE13-8E13-4 E13-5 E13-6 P13-46. Describe the effects of the entries when a partner withdraws from the partnership. Q13-14 Q13-15 Q13-16 Q13-17 BE13-9 BE13-10E13-7 E13-8 E13-9P13-5*4. Describe the form and content of partnership financial statements. Q13-10 E13-3E13-27. Explain the effects of the entries to record the liquidation of a partnership. Q13-18 Q13-19 Q13-20 Q13-21 Q13-22 BE13-6 E13-10 E13-11 E13-12E13-13P13-6P13-7Broadening Your Perspective Exploring the Web Group Decision CaseCommunication Group DecisionCaseEthics CaseANSWERS TO QUESTIONS1.(a) Association of individuals. A partnership is a voluntary association of two or moreindividuals based on as simple an act as a handshake. Preferably, however, theagreement should be in writing. A partnership is an accounting entity, but it is not ataxable entity.(b) Limited life. A partnership does not have unlimited life. A partnership may be endedvoluntarily or involuntarily. Thus, the life of a partnership is indefinite. Any change in themembers of a partnership results in the dissolution of the partnership.(c) Co-ownership of property. Partnership assets are co-owned by all the partners. If thepartnership is terminated, the assets do not legally revert to the original contributor.Each partner has a claim on total assets equal to his or her capital balance. This claimdoes not attach to specific assets the individual partner contributed to the partnership.2.(a) Mutual agency. This characteristic means that the act of any partner is binding on allother partners when engaging in partnership business. This is true even when thepartners act beyond the scope of their authority, so long as the act appears to beappropriate for the partnership.(b) Unlimited liability. Each partner is personally and individually liable for all partnershipliabilities. Creditors’ claims attach first to partnership assets and then to personalresources of any part ner, irrespective of that partner’s equity in the partnership.3.The advantages of a partnership are: (1) combining skills and resources of two or moreindividuals,(2) ease of formation, (3) not subject to as much governmental regulation as companies, (4) ease of decision making, and (5) no taxation of partnership profit.Disadvantages are: (1) mutual agency, (2) limited life, (3) unlimited liability, and (4) partners may not be able to work together.4.The capital balance should be $112 000, comprised of land $75 000, and equipment$57 000, less debt $20 000.5.When the partnership agreement does not specify the division of profit or loss, profit and lossshould be divided equally.6.Factors to be considered in determining how profit and loss should be divided are: (1) afixed ratio is easy to apply and it may be an equitable basis in some circumstances; (2) capital balance ratios when the funds invested in the partnership are considered the most critical factor; and (3) salary allowance and/or interest allowance coupled with a fixed ratio. This last approach gives specific recognition to differences that may exist among partners by providing salary allowances for time worked and interest allowances for capital invested.7.The profit of $24 000 should be divided equally — $12 000 to M. Marion and $12 000 to R.Hood.8.(a) Account debited: Profit and Loss Summary; accounts credited: S. Tortoise, Current andF. Hare, Current.(b) Account debited: S. Tortoise, Drawings; account credited: Cash.ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS (continued)9.Division of ProfitT. Ng R. Hong TotalSalary AllowanceDeficiency:($5000), ($50 000 – $55 000) T. Ng (60% × $5000)R. Hong (40% × $5000)Total division $30 000(3 000)$27 000)$25 000(2 000)$23 000)$55 000(3 000)(2 000)$50 000Insert the answer to 10 here.11.This transaction represents the purchase of a partner’s interest. It is a personaltransaction that has no effect on partnership net assets.12.Partnership net assets increase $25 000. No, Derek Hodges does not necessarilyacquire a 1/6 profit and loss ratio. Unless stated otherwise, profit or loss is divided evenly.13.Mary Garden, Capital .......................................................................... 63 000Isabella Dillon, Capital ................................................................. 63 000 14.Montgomery Smith, Capital ................................................................. 37 000Rebecca Barrett, Capital .............................................................. 37 000 15.Taylor’s share of the bonus is $6 000 computed as follows:Partnership assets ....................................................................... $89 000Capital credit, Jacobs ................................................................. 77 000Bonus to retiring partner .............................................................. 12 000Allocated to:Garland: $12 000 × 1/2 = ..................................................... $6 000Taylor: $12 000 × 1/2 = ..................................................... 6 000 12 000............................................................................................ $0 16.It is important to provide the withdrawing partner with their share of the partnershipassets. Having an independent valuation ensures that the partner receives or shares in any market value changes that their efforts have caused.17.When a p artner dies, it is usually necessary to determine the partner’s equity at the date ofdeath by: (1) determining the profit or loss for the year to date, (2) closing the books, and (3) preparing financial statements. The partnership agreement may also require an audit of the financial statements by independent auditors and a revaluation of assets by an independent appraisal firm.10.The financial statements of a partnership are similar to those of a proprietorship. Thedifferences are generally related to the fact that a number of partners are involved in a partnership. The income statement for a partnership is identical to the income statement for a proprietorship except for the division of profit. The statement of changes in equity shows the changes in each partner’s capital account and in total partnership equity during the year. On the statement of financial position each partner’s capital balance is re ported in the owners’ equity se ction.18.Liquidation of a partnership ends the life of the entity. In the dissolution of a partnership,the economic life of the entity continues.19.No, Jerry is not correct. All gains and losses on liquidation should be allocated to thepartners on the basis of their profit-and loss-sharing ratio. However, final cashdistributions should be based on their capital balances.20.Yes, Dean is correct. Capital balances are used because they represent the individualpartner’s equity in the partnership. The objective of the distribution is to eliminate thebalance in each p artner’s capital account.21.Total cash after paying liabilities ....................................................................... $119 000Total capital balances ($34 000 + $31 000 + $28 000) ..................................... 93 000Excess (gain on sale of noncash assets) .......................................................... $26 000Allocated to Mooney ($26 000 × 3/10) .............................................................. $7 800Cash to Mooney ($31 000 + $7800) ................................................................. $38 80022.Capital deficiency M. Davey ........................................................................... $7 200Loss allocated to:L. Dong, capital ($7200 × 45%) ........................................... $3 240Cash to L. Dong ($23 200 – $3240) ................................................................. $19 960The following accounts may assist in the determination of the amount paid to Dong.RealisationNon-cash assets 71 000 Cash 75 000 Capital – Peters 2 000Capital – Dong 1 200Capital – Davey 80075 000 75 000CashBalance 25 000 Liabilities 55 000 Realisation 75 000 Capital – Peters 25 040Capital – Dong 19 960100 000 100 000 Peters CapitalCapital – Davey 3 960 Balance 27 000 Cash 25 040 Realisation 2 00029 000 29 000Dong CapitalCapital – Davey 3 240 Balance 22 000 Cash 19 960 Realisation 1 20023 200 23 200Davey CapitalBalance 8 000 Realisation 800Capital – Peters 3 960Capital – Dong 3 2408 000 8 000The share of the deficiency is calculated using the Garner v. Murray Rule. Deficiency is$7200 split between Peters and Dong based on the capital balances before liquidation(rounded).Calculated as follows: Peters — $7200 x 27 000/49 000 = $3960Dong — $7200 x 22 000/49 000 = $3240.SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISESBRIEF EXERCISE 13-1Cash ....................................................................................................... 10 000 Equipment................................................................................................ 9 000 Andy Moran, Capital ....................................................................... 19 000 BRIEF EXERCISE 13-2Accounts Receivable ............................................................................... $32000Less: Allowance for impairment .............................................................. 7000 $25000 Equipment (22000)Accumulated depreciation should not be shown because a new business cannot have any accumulated depreciation.BRIEF EXERCISE 13-3The division is: Lauren $30 000 ($50 000 × 60%) and Daniel $20 000 ($50 000 × 40%). The entry is:Profit and Loss Summary ............................................................... 50 000 Lauren, Current .................................................................... 30 000Daniel, Current ..................................................................... 20 000 BRIEF EXERCISE 13-4Division of ProfitCharlie Sonja Nedh TotalSalary allowance Remaining profit, $ 44000: ($ 71500 - 27500)C ($44000 × 50%)S ($44000 × 30%)N ($44000 × 20%)Total remainder Total division$ 1650022000$38500$ 550013200$ 18700$ 55008800$14300$ 2750044000$71500BRIEF EXERCISE 13-5Division of ProfitBob Ray TotalSalary allowanceInterest allowanceRemaining deficiency, ($13 000): [($25 000 + $12 000) – $24 000] Bob ($13 000 × 50%)Ray ($13 000 × 50%)Total remainderTotal division $15 0007 000(6 500)$15 500$10 0005 000(6 500)$8 500$25 00012 000(13 000)$24 000BRIEF EXERCISE 13-6Foe, Capital (22000)Fum, Capital (22000)BRIEF EXERCISE 13-7Cash ........................................................................................................... 42 000Carina, Capital (50% × $17 400*)................................................................. 8 700Adam, Capital (50% × $17 400) ................................................................... 8 700 Ricky, Capital (45% × $132 000) ........................................................ 59 400 *[($40 000 + $50 000 + $42 000) × 45%] – $42 000 = $17 400.BRIEF EXERCISE 13-8Elroy, Capital ............................................................................................... 20 000 George, Capital .................................................................................. 10 000Jane, Capital ...................................................................................... 10 000BRIEF EXERCISE 13-9Elroy, Capital ............................................................................................... 20 000George, Capital (50% × $8000) ................................................................... 4 000Jane, Capital (50% × $8000) ........................................................................ 4 000 Cash................................................................................................... 28 000 BRIEF EXERCISE 13-10R, Capital (15000)E, Capital (10500)O, Capital (6000)Cash (31500)SOLUTIONS TO EXERCISESEXERCISE 13-1Jan. 1 Cash (18000)Accounts Receivable (21000)Equipment (26250)Allowance for impairment (4500)Fred Flintstone, Capital (60750)EXERCISE 13-2(a) (1) DIVISION OF PROFITF. AinsleyG. Ng TotalSalary allowance .................................................... Interest allowanceF. Ainsley ($50 000 × 10%) .............................G. Ng ($40 000 × 10%) ...................................Total interest ............................................ Total salaries and interest ...................................... Remaining profit, $14 000 ($55 000 – $41 000) .....F. Ainsley ($14 000 × 60%) .............................G. Ng ($14v000 × 40%) ..................................Total remainder ........................................ Total division .......................................................... $20 0005 000000 00025 0008 400$33 400$12 0004 000000 00016 0005 600$21 600$32 0009 00041 00014 000$55 000(2) DIVISION OF PROFITF. AinsleyG. Ng TotalSalary allowance ........................................... Interest allowance ......................................... Total salaries and interest ............................. Remaining deficiency, ($11,000)($41,000 – $30,000)F. Ainsley ($11,000 × 60%) ...................G. Ng ($11,000 × 40%) .........................Total remainder ............................. Total division $20 000( 5 000)25 000(6 600)($18 400)$12 0004 000)16 000(4 400)($11 600)$32 0009 00041 000(11 000$30 000)(b) (1) Profit and Loss Summary .......................................................... 55 000F. Ainsley, Current .......................................................... 33 400G. Ng, Current ................................................................. 21 600(2) Profit and Loss Summary .......................................................... 30 000F. Ainsley, Current .......................................................... 18 400G. Ng, Current ................................................................. 11 600(a) AMAZING SOAPSPartnership Statement of Changes in EquityFor the Year Ending 30 June 2011M. Rowling D. Martin TotalCapital, 1 January Add: ProfitLess: Drawings Capital, 31 December $20 00016 00036 0008 000$28 000$18 00016 00034 0005 000$29 000$38 00032 00070 00013 000$57 000(b) AMAZING SOAPSPartial Statement of Financial Positionas at 30 June 2011Owners’ equityM. Rowling, Capital .................................................................... $28 000D. Martin, Capital ....................................................................... 29 000T otal owners’ equity ......................................................... $57 000 EXERCISE 13-4(a) J. Kirk, Capital ($64 000 × 50%) (32000)P. Armstrong, Capital (32000)(b) M. Spock, Capital ($ 52 000 × 50%) .................................................... 26 000P. Armstrong, Capital .................................................................. 26 000 (c) F. Scott, Capital ($30 000 × 33 1/3%) .. (10000)P. Armstrong, Capital .................................................................. 10 000(a) Cash.................................................................................................... 110 000G. Zeus, Capital (6/10 × $20 900) ................................................. 12 540R. Apollo, Capital (4/10 × $ 20 900) (8360)K. Athena, Capital (89100)Total capital of existing partnership ......................... $187 000Investment by new partner Athena ......................... 110 000Total capital of new partnership ............................... $297 000Athena’s capital credit ............................................. $89 100(30% × $297 000)Investment by new partner Athena ......................... $110 000Athena’s capital credit ............................................. 89 100Bonus to old partners .............................................. $20 900(b) Cash................................................................................................... 39 600G. Zeus, Capital (6/10 × $28 380) ...................................................... 17 028R. Apollo, Capital (4/10 × $28 380) ..................................................... 11 352 K. Athena, Capital ........................................................................ 67 980 Total capital of existing partnership ......................... $187 000Investment by new partner Athena ......................... 39 600Total capital of new partnership ............................... $226 600Athena’s capital credit (30% × $226 600) ................ $67 980Investment by new partner Athena ......................... $39 600Athena’s capital credit ............................................. 67 980Bonus to new partner .............................................. $28 380EXERCISE 13.6(a) Dr Capital – S. Spencer ................................................................... 20 000Cr Capital – R. Roberts ............................................................. 20 000 (b) Dr Cash ........................................................................................... 24 000Cr Capital – S. Spencer ($1670 x 2/5) (668)Cr Capital – L. Loren ($1670 x 2/5) (668)Cr Capital – D. Donaldson ($1670 x 1/5) (334)Cr Capital – R. Roberts ............................................................. 22 330 Total capital of existing partnership .................................... $110 000Investment by new partner, R. Roberts .............................. 24 000Total capital of new partnership ................................ $134 000R. Robert’s capital credit ($134 000 x 1/6) ......................... 22 330 (rounded)Investment by new partner, R. Roberts .............................. 24 000R. Roberts capital credit ..................................................... 22 330Bonus to old partners ............................................... $ 1 670(c) Dr Cash .......................................................................................... 20 800Dr Capital – S. Spencer ($1000 x 2/5) (400)Dr Capital – L. Loren ($1000 x 2/5) (400)Dr Capital – D. Donaldson ($1000 x 1/5) (200)Cr Capital – R. Roberts .......................................................... 21 800 Total capital of existing partnership .................................... $110 000Investment by new partner R. Roberts ............................... 20 800Total capital of new partnership ......................................... $130 800R. Robert’s capital credit ($130 800 x 1/6) ......................... 21 800 (rounded)Investment by new partner R. Roberts ............................... 20 800R. Roberts capital credit ..................................................... 21 800Bonus to new partner ......................................................... $ 1 000EXERCISE 13-71. S. Michael, Capital ............................................................................. 30 000B. Amber, Capital...................................................................... 15 000V. Colin, Capital ........................................................................ 15 000 2. S. Michael, Capital ............................................................................. 30 000V. Colin, Capital ........................................................................ 30 0003. S. Michael, Capital ............................................................................. 30 000B. Amber, Capital...................................................................... 30 000H. Wong, Capital ($10 500 × 4/7) ........................................................ 6 000R. Cameo, Capital ($10 500 × 3/7) ...................................................... 4 500 Cash .......................................................................................... 85 500 Capital balance of withdrawing partner ....................... $75 000Payment to withdrawing partner ................................. 85 500Bonus to retiring partner ............................................. $10 500Allocation of bonusWong, Capital ............................... $6 000($10 500 × 4/7)Cameo, Capital ............................. 4 500 $10 500($10 500 × 3/7)2. T. Prince, Capital ................................................................................. 75 000H. Wong, Capital ($7000 × 4/7) ................................................. 4 000R. Cameo, Capital ($7000 × 3/7) ............................................... 3 000Cash .......................................................................................... 68 000 Capital balance of withdrawing partner ....................... $75 000Payment to withdrawing partner ................................. 68 000Bonus to remaining partners ...................................... $7 000Allocation of bonusWong, Capital ................................. $4 000($7000 × 4/7)Cameo, Capital ............................... 3 000 $7 000($7000 × 3/7)Cr Cash .................................................................................... 20 000 (2) Dr Capital – Peter ............................................................................ 20 000Dr Capital – Paul ............................................................................. 2 500Dr Capital – Mary ............................................................................ 2 500Cr Cash .................................................................................... 25 000 Capital balance of withdrawing partner ..................... $20 000Payment to withdrawing partner ............................... 25 000Bonus to retiring partner ............................... $5 000Allocation of bonusPaul ($5 000 × .5) .............................................. 2 500Mary ($5 000 × .5) ............................................. 2 500 5 000(3) Dr Capital – Peter ............................................................................ 20 000Cr Capital – Paul ...................................................................... 1 250 Cr Capital – Mary ...................................................................... 1 250 Cr Cash .................................................................................... 17 500 Capital balance of withdrawing partner .................... $20 000Payment to withdrawing partner .......................... 17 500Bonus to retiring partner .............................. $2 500Allocation of bonusPaul ($2 500 × .5) ............................................. 1 250Mary ($2 500 × .5) ............................................ 1 250 2 500EXERCISE 13-10THE APPLE PARTNERSHIPSchedule of Cash PaymentsItem Cash NoncashAssets LiabilitiesCassandraCapitalPenelopeCapitalBalances before liquidation Sale of noncash assets and allocation of gainNew balancesPay liabilitiesNew balancesCash distribution to partners Final balances $20 000120 000140 000(55 00085 000(85 000$0))$100 000(100 000)$0)$55 000(0000 00)55 000(55 000)$0)$45 00012 00057 0000000 0057 000(57 000)$ 0$20 0008 00028 0000000 0028 000(28 000)$ 0Noncash Assets ..................................................................... 100 000Realisation ............................................................................. 20 000 (b) Realisation ..................................................................................... 20 000Cassandra, Capital ($20 000 × 60%) ..................................... 12 000Penelope, Capital ($20 000 × 40%) ....................................... 8 000 (c) Liabilities ........................................................................................ 55 000Cash ...................................................................................... 55 000 (d) Cassandra, Capital ........................................................................ 57 000Penelope, Capital .......................................................................... 28 000 Cash ..................................................................................... 85 000 EXERCISE 13-12(a) (1) Cash ........................................................................................... 2 200Humphries, Capital .............................................................. 2 200(2) Ming, Capital ............................................................................... 18 700Polka, Capital ............................................................................. 16 500Cash .................................................................................... 35 200 (b) (1) Ming, Capital ($2 200 × 60%) ..................................................... 1 320Polka, Capital ($ 2 200 × 40%) (880)Humphries, Capital .............................................................. 2 200(2) Ming, Capital ($18 700 - $1 320) ................................................. 17 380Polka, Capital ($16 500 - 880) .................................................... 15 620Cash .................................................................................... 33 000。
《物流实务英语》(英汉双语)
Summary 本章小结
The chapter focuses on the concept of supply chain and supply chain management. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating to serve the needs of end-customers. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating to take advantage of strategic position and to improve operating efficiency.
True or False 判断对错
1.There are a variety of definition about the term "logistics", each have slightly different meaning.
2. Logistics involves the flow and storage of "goods, services, and related information".
5. Good customer service is to make sure that the right person receive the right product with the right quantity at the right place at the right time in the right condition, even the cost is very high.
管理研究方法(英文版第13版)教学课件Schindler_CH_13_Accessible
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
13-3
Data Collection, Preparation, and Examination in the Research Process
instrument • Enter the data
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
13-7
Collect the Data (4 of 6)
• Train the data collectors • Determine the data collection timeline • Implement instrument disposition process • Invite chosen participants • Activate the Survey • Remind participant to complete/return
translated • Data validation
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
13-21
Precoding
Jump to long description
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
13-22
Post-Coding Open-Ended Questions
13-27
Appropriately Coded for Analysis
Categories should be… • Appropriate to the research problem • Derived from one classification principle • Mutually exclusive • Exhaustive
市场营销 第十三章(英文)
Vertical Marketing Systems
Corporate Systems
• Forward Integration • Backward Integration
Contractual Systems
• Wholesaler-Sponsored Voluntary Chains
13-4
FIGURE 13-1 Terms used for marketing intermediaries vary in specificity and use in consumer and business markets
13-5
LO1
NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING CHANNELS
• Information • Convenience
• Variety • Profitability
• Pre- or Post-Sale Service
13-21
LO3
Jiffy Lube and Petco
What buyer requirements have been satisfied?
Multichannel Marketing
13-12
FIGURE 13-5 Consumer electronic marketing channels are similar to those for consumer and business offerings
13-13
CHANNEL STRUCTURE & ORGANIZATION
LO4
Recognize how conflict, cooperation, and legal considerations affect marketing channel relationships.
电子商务专业英语词汇（2）
电⼦商务专业英语词汇（2）电⼦商务专业英语词汇 四、 The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce 【教学内容】 1、掌握“The Digital Revolution Drives E-Commerce”中的专业及⾮专业词汇及⽤法： (1) digital economy——数字经济 (2) digital communication network——数字通信⽹ (3) extranet—外联⽹ (4) Internet economy——互联⽹经济 (5) New economy——新经济 (6) Web economy——万维⽹(⽹站)经济 (7) digitizable products——数字化产品 (8) database——数据库 (9) digital currencies——数字货币 (10)financial tokens—— ⾦融代币(11)microprocessor——微处理器 (12)home appliance——家⽤电器 (13)automobile——汽车 (14)convergence——集中、收敛 (15)computing——计算 (16)communication——通信 (17)stimulate——刺激 (18)low inflation——低通货膨胀率(19)innovation——变⾰ 五、 The Business Environment Drives E-Commerce 【教学内容】 1、掌握“The Business Environment Drives E-Commerce”中的专业及⾮专业词汇及⽤法： (1) business environment——商业环境 (2) CEO——Chief Executive Officer (3) Qantas Airway——澳航 (4) turbulent—动荡的、吵闹的 (5) expedite——加速 (6) the environment-response-support model——环境响应⽀持模型 (7) unprofitable facilities——不盈利机构、部门 (8) critical response activities——关键响应⾏为 (9) necessity——必要性、需要 (10)workforce ——劳动⼒ (11)obsolescence——(技术)过时、退化 (12)information overload—— 信息过剩 (13)deregulation——解除(放松)管制 (14)subsidy——补助、津贴 (15)ethics——伦理道德 1.5 EC Business Models 【教学内容】 1、掌握“EC Business Models”中的专业及⾮专业词汇及⽤法： (1) business model——商业模型 (2) revenue——收⼊、收益 (3) revenue——收益模型 (4) outline——概括 Chapter 3：Retailing in Electronic Commerce: Products and Services 六、 Internet Marketing and Electronic Retailing 【教学内容】 1、掌握“Internet Marketing and Electronic Retailing”中的专业及⾮专业词汇及⽤法： (1) retailer——零售商 (2) retailing——零售(业) (3) electronic retailing——电⼦零售(业) (4) e-retailing——电⼦零售(业) (5) e-tailer——电⼦零售商 (6) operate——运作、运⾏ (7) manufacture——制造商、制造企业 (8) physical——物理的、现实的(9) electronic retail ——电⼦零售 (10)intermediary——中间环节 (11)factory outlets——⼯⼚店 (12)wholesale——批发(13)distribution——分销 (14)ubiquity—⽆处不在的，普遍存在的 (15)catalog sales——邮购销售⽅式 (16)vacation service ——度假服务 (17)portal——门户⽹站 (18)consolidate——合并、统⼀ (19)revenue——收⼊ (20)value proposition——价值观(21)fare——费⽤ (22)travel accessories—— 旅游⽤品 (23)stand-by tickets——返航机票 (24)otherwise-empty seat——剩余的空座位 (25)steep——急剧的 (26)eurailpass——欧洲铁路旅⾏优惠票 七、 E-Tailing Business Models 【教学内容】 1、掌握“E-Tailing Business Models”中的专业及⾮专业词汇及⽤法： (1) manufacturer——⽣产商 (2) transaction——交易 (3) enterprise——企业 (4) HRM——human resource management,⼈⼒资源管理 (5) IT——Information Technologe信息技术 (6) SCM——Supply Chain Management (7) ERP——Enterprise Resource Planning，企业资源规划 (8) CRM——Customer Relationship Management客户关系管理 (9) mail order——邮购(10)direct marketing ——直销 (11)pure-play e-taile r—— 纯电⼦商务的电⼦零售 (12)click and mortar——⿏标加⽔泥(13)internet(online) mall ——互联⽹商城，在线商城 (14)distribution channel —— 分布渠道 ⼋、Travel and Tourism Services Online 【教学内容】 1、掌握“Travel and Tourism Services Online”中的专业及⾮专业词汇及⽤法： (1) travel online——在线旅⾏、在线旅游 (2) online travel service——在线旅⾏服务 (3) conventional travel agency——传统的旅⾏中介，旅⾏社 (4) car rental agency——汽车租赁代理 (5) revenue ——收⼊ (6) consultancy fee——咨询费 (7) vacation service——度假服务 (8) reserve ticket——订票 (9) accommodation——住宿 (10)entertainment——娱乐 (11)travel magazine——旅⾏杂志 (12)fare comparison ——费⽤⽐较 (13)city guide——城市指南、向导 (14)currency conversion calculator——现⾦转换计算器 (15)driving map——驾驶地图 (16)travel accessory ——旅⾏装备设施 (17)travel bargain——旅⾏折扣 (18)discount——折扣 (19)cheap ticket——廉价机票 (20)chat room——聊天室 (21)stopover——中途停留(22)corporate travel——社团旅游 (23)intelligent Agent——智能代理软件。
财务会计英语 练习及答案ch13
财务会计英语练习及答案ch13CHAPTER 13 ACCOUNTING FOR PARTNERSHIPS AND LIMITED LIABILITY CORPORATIONSChapter 13—Accounting for Partnerships and Limited Liability Corporations TRUE/FALSE1. There are only four legal structures to form and operate a business.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 012. In a general partnership, each partner is individually liable to creditors for debtsincurred by the partnership, to the extent of the partner's capital balance.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 013. A partnership is a legal entity separate from its owners.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 014. A partnership is subject to federal income taxes.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 015. A disadvantage of partnerships is the mutual agency of all partners.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 016. Each partnership must have a written partnership agreement.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 017. Each partner may withdraw the assets he or she contributed to the partnership at anytime.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 018. When compared to a corporation, one of the major disadvantages of the partnership isits limited life.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 019. When compared to a corporation, one of the major advantages of a partnership is itsease of formation.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0131710. Under a Subchapter S Corporation, the IRS allows income to pass through thecorporation to the individual stockholders without the corporation having to pay taxes on the income.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0111. A Limited Liability Corporation is a business entity form that combines theadvantages of the corporation and the partnership forms.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0112. For tax purposes, a Limited Liability Corporation may elect to be treated as apartnership.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0113. The Limited Liability Corporation may elect to be manager managed rather thanmember managed which means that only authorized members may legally bind the corporation.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0114. Each partner has a separate capital and withdrawal account.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0215. The chart of accounts for a partnership, with the exception of drawing and capitalaccounts, does not differ from the chart of accounts for a sole proprietorship.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0216. When there are significant changes in stockholders equity, generally, a retainedearnings statement is not sufficient, requiring a statement of stockholders' equity to be prepared.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0217. The equity reporting for a Limited Liability Corporation is similar to that of apartnership but the changes in capital are shown on a statement of members' equity.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0218. When a partner invests noncash assets in a partnership, the assets are recorded at thepartner's book value.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0331819. Accounts receivable contributed to the partnership are recorded at their face value.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0320. A new partner contributes accounts receivable to a partnership which appear in theledger of his sole proprietorship at $ 20,500 and there was an allowance for doubtful accounts of $ 750. If $600 of the accounts receivables are completely worthless, the partnership accounts receivable should be debited for $19,900.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0321. One reason that distributions of income and loss are prepared is to obtain theinformation to record a closing entry.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0422. If nothing is stated, partnership income is divided in proportion to the individualpartner's capital balance.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0423. The salary allocation to partners used in dividing net income would also appear assalary expense on the partnership income statement.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0424. If the articles of partnership provide for annual salary allowances of $36,000 and$18,000 to X and Y respectively and net income is $30,000, X's share of net income is $20,000.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0425. If the net income of a partnership is less than the total of the allowances provided bythe partnership agreement, the difference must be divided among the partners in the income-sharing ratio.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0426. The amount that a partner withdraws as a monthly salary allowance does not affectthe division of net income.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0431927. A devotes full time and B devotes one-half time to their partnership. If thepartnership agreement is silent concerning the division of net income, A will receive a $20,000 share of a net income of $30,000.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0428. In the distribution of income, the net income is less than the salary and interestallowances granted, the remaining balance will be a negative amount that must bedivided among the partners as though it were a loss.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0429.Details of the division of partnership income should normally be disclosed in thefinancial statements.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0430. Whenever a partnership is dissolved, the assets are liquidated.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 0531. When a partnership dissolves, a new partnership is formed and a new partnershipagreement should be prepared.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0532. Many partnerships provide for the admission of new partners or withdrawals ofpresent partners in the partnership agreement so that the firm may continue tooperate without executing a new agreement.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0533. A person may be admitted to a partnership only with the consent of all the currentpartners.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0534. Partnership's asset accounts should be changed from cost to fair market value when anew partner is admitted to a firm or an existing partner withdraws and dies.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0532035. In admitting a new partner, the company chooses to use the purchase of an interestmethod, the capital interest of the new partner is obtained from the current partners and both the total assets and total capital are increased.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0536. When a new partner purchases the entire interest of an old partner, the new partner'scapital account should be credited for the amount he or she paid to the old partner.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0537. If a new partner is given a 20% interest in the firm then the new partner will receive a20% interest in earnings.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0538. When a new partner is admitted by making an investment in the partnership, the oldpartners' capital accounts are always credited.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 0539. When a new partner is admitted by making an investment of assets in the partnershipand the new partner has to pay a premium for admission, a bonus is divided among the old partners' capital accounts.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0540. Williams has a capital balance of $42,000 after adjusting the assets to fair market value.Mantle contributes $22,000 to receive a 30% interest in the new partnership. Thebonus paid by Mantle is $2,800.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0541. When a partner withdraws from the partnership, the partnership dissolves.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0542. If not enough partnership cash or other assets are available to pay the withdrawingpartner, a liability may be created for the amount owed the withdrawing partner.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0543. When a partner withdraws from the partnership by selling his or her interest back tothe partnership, the remaining partners must pay the withdrawing partner a specified amount from their personal assets.321ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0544. X sells to A one-half of a partnership capital interest that totals $70,000 for $40,000.A's capital account in the partnership should be credited for $40,000.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0545. When a new partner is admitted to a partnership, all partnership assets should berevised to reflect current prices.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0546. If a new partner is to be admitted to a partnership and a bonus is attributed to the oldpartnership, the bonus should be divided between the capital accounts of the original partners according to their capital balances.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0547. If retiring partner A sells his or her interest to B, the partnership should record theassets paid to A in its accounts at their book values.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0548. When a new partner is admitted to a partnership, bonuses attributable to either theold partnership or to the incoming partner may be recognized in accordance with the agreement among the partners.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0549. Dissolution is the term which solely means to liquidate the partnership.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 0650. In a partnership liquidation, gains and losses on the sale of partnership assets aredivided among the partners' capital accounts on the basis of their capital balances.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0651. If the share of losses on realization of the sale of noncash assets exceed the balance in apartner's capital account, the resulting balance is called a deficiency.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0652. In a partnership liquidation, if a partner has a debit capital balance in his or hercapital account, he or she is responsible for contributing personal assets sufficient to eliminate the deficit.322ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0653. The process of winding up the affairs of a partnership is referred to as realization.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 0654. The distribution of cash, as the final process in winding up the affairs of a partnership,is based on the income-sharing ratio.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0655. If a partner's capital balance is a debit after it has absorbed its share of the loss onrealization, the balance is referred to as a deficiency.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0656. In the liquidating process, any uncollected cash becomes a loss to the partnership andis divided among the remaining partners' capital balances based on theirincome-sharing ratio.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0657. After all noncash assets have been converted to cash and all liabilities paid, A, B, and Chave capital balances of $10,000 (debit), $5,000 (debit), and $25,000 (credit). The cash available for distribution to the partners is $10,000.ANS: T DIF: 2 OBJ: 0658. After all noncash assets have been converted to cash and all liabilities paid, A, B, and Chave capital balances of $15,000 (credit), $10,000 (debit), and $30,000 (credit). C's share of the cash to be distributed is $30,000.ANS: F DIF: 2 OBJ: 0659. A venture capitalist is an individual or firm that provides credit financing to thecompany.ANS: F DIF: 1 OBJ: 0760. IPO is an acronym that stands for initial public offeringANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 0761. Underwriting firms or investment bankers help a company not only determine theoffering price for it stock, but also help market the stock to their clients and the public.ANS: T DIF: 1 OBJ: 07323MULTIPLE CHOICE1. Which of the following is characteristic of a general partnership?a. The partners have co-ownership of partnership property.b. The partnership is subject to federal income tax.c. The partnership has an unlimited life.d. The partners have limited liability.ANS: A DIF: 1 OBJ: 012. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a general partnership?a. the partnership is created by a contractb. mutual agencyc. partners share equally in net income or net losses unless an agreement statesdifferentlyd. dissolution occurs only when all partners agreeANS: D DIF: 1 OBJ: 013. Which of the following is an advantage of a partnership when compared to acorporation?a. The partnership is more likely have a net income.b. The partnership is relatively inexpensive to organize.c. The partnership involves fewer people to operate.d. The partnership usually hires professional managers.ANS: B DIF: 1 OBJ: 014. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a partnership when compared to acorporation?a. The partnership is more likely to have a net loss.b. The partnership is easier to organize.c. The partnership is less expensive to organize.d. The partnership has limited life.ANS: D DIF: 1 OBJ: 015. An advantage of the partnership form of business organization isa. unlimited liabilityb. mutual agencyc. ease of formationd. limited life324ANS: C DIF: 1 OBJ: 016. The characteristic of a partnership that gives the authority to any partner to legallybind the partnership and all other partners to business contracts is calleda. unlimited liabilityb. ease of formationc. mutual agencyd. dissolutionANS: C DIF: 1 OBJ: 017. When a limited partnership is formeda. the partnership activities are limitedb. all partners have limited liabilityc. some of the partners have limited liabilityd. none of the partners have limited liabilityANS: C DIF: 1 OBJ: 018. Which of the following below is not one of the four major forms of business entitiesthat are discussed in this chapter?a. sole proprietorshipb. corporationc. partnershipd. subchapter s corporationANS: D DIF: 1 OBJ: 019. Which of the following below is not a characteristic of a Limited LiabilityCorporation?a. limited lifeb. limited liabilityc. file articles of organization with the state governmentd. avoids mutual agencyANS: D DIF: 2 OBJ: 0110. Accounting for the day-to-day activities for a partnership or Limited LiabilityCorporation isa. the same as the accounting for any other form of businessb. the same as the accounting for a sole proprietorship onlyc. is not the same as the accounting for any other form of businessd. the same as the accounting for a corporation onlyANS: A DIF: 1 OBJ: 0211. When a partnership is formed, assets contributed by the partners should be recordedon the partnership books at theira. book values on the partners' books prior to their being contributed to thepartnershipb. fair market value at the time of the contributionc. original costs to the partner contributing themd. assessed values for property purposesANS: B DIF: 2 OBJ: 0312. As part of the initial investment, a partner contributes equipment that had originallycost $100,000 and on which accumulated depreciation of $75,000 has been recorded.If similar equipment would cost $150,000 to replace and the partners agree on avaluation of $40,000 for the contributed equipment, what amount should be debited to the equipment account?a. $40,000b. $150,000c. $100,000d. $75,000ANS: A DIF: 2 OBJ: 0313. As part of the initial investment, Oswald contributes accounts receivable that had abalance of $25,000 in the accounts of a sole proprietorship. Of this amount, $1,250 is completely worthless. For the remaining accounts, the partnership will establish a provision for possible future uncollectible accounts of $750. The amount debited to Accounts Receivable for the new partnership isa. $23,000b. $25,000c. $24,250d. $23,750ANS: D DIF: 2 OBJ: 0314. Jack and Jill share income and losses in a 2:1 ratio after allowing for salaries to Jack of$24,000 and $30,000 to Jill. Net income for the partnership is $48,000. Income should be divided as follows:a. Jack, $24,000; Jill, $24,000b. Jack, $21,000; Jill, $27,000c. Jack, $32,000; Jill, $16,000d. Jack, $20,000; Jill, $28,000ANS: D DIF: 2 OBJ: 0415. Fred and Ethel share income equally. During the current year the partnership netincome was $40,000. Fred made withdrawals of $12,000 and Ethel made withdrawals of $17,000. At the beginning of the year, the capital account balances were: Fredcapital, $42,000; Ethel capital, $58,000. Fred's capital account balance at the end of the year isa. $76,500b. $64,500c. $62,000d. $50,000ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 0416. Partnership income and losses are usually divided on the basis of interest, salaries, andstated ratios becausea. partners seldom contribute time and resources equallyb. this method reflects the amount of time devoted to the partnership by thepartnersc. it is simpler than following the legal rulesd. it prevents arguments among the partnersANS: A DIF: 1 OBJ: 0417. A ratio of 3:2:1 is the same asa. 30%:20%:10%b. 1/2:1/3:1/6c. 3/10:2/10:1/20d. both (a) and (c)ANS: B DIF: 2 OBJ: 0418. C and D form a partnership in which C contributes $50,000 in assets and agrees todevote half time to the partnership. D contributed $40,000 in assets and agrees to devote full time to the partnership. How will C and D share in the division ofincome?a. 5:8b. 1:2c. 1:1d. 5:4ANS: C DIF: 2 OBJ: 0419. X and Y have original investments of $50,000 and $100,000 respectively in apartnership. The articles of partnership include the following provisions regarding the division of net income: interest on original investment at 10%, salary allowances of $27,000 and $18,000 respectively, and the remainder equally. How much of the net income of $90,000 is allocated to X?a. $60,000b. $43,000c. $45,000d. $47,000ANS: D DIF: 3 OBJ: 0420. X and Y have original investments of $50,000 and $100,000 respectively in apartnership. The articles of partnership include the following provisions regarding the division of net income: interest on original investment at 10%, salary allowances of $27,000 and $18,000 respectively, and the remainder equally. How much of the net income of $50,000 is allocated to X?a. $33,333b. $23,000c. $25,000d. $27,000ANS: D DIF: 3 OBJ: 0421. X and Y have original investments of $50,000 and $100,000 respectively in apartnership. The articles of partnership include the following provisions regarding the division of net income: interest on original investment at 10%, salary allowances of $27,000 and $18,000 respectively, and the remainder equally. How much of the net loss of $10,000 is allocated to X?a. $10,000b. $3,000c. $5,000d. $7,000ANS: C DIF: 3 OBJ: 0422. The articles of partnership for A B Partnership provide for a salary allowance of$5,000 per month for partner B, with the balance of net income to be divided equally.If B made an additional investment of $10,000 during the year and withdrew $4,000 per month, and net income for the year was $90,000, by what amount did B's capital increase during the year?a. $85,000b. $10,000c. $37,000d. $60,000ANS: C DIF: 3 OBJ: 0423. If there is no written agreement as to the way income will be divided among partnersa. they will share income and losses equallyb. they will share income and losses according to their capital balancesc. they will share income and losses according to the time devoted to thebusiness.d. there really is no partnership agreementANS: A DIF: 1 OBJ: 0424. Partner A has a capital balance of $20,000 and devotes full time to the partnership.Partner B has a capital balance of $30,000 and devotes half time to the partnership.In what ratio is net income to be divided?a. 3:5b. 1:1c. 2:3d. 1:2ANS: B DIF: 2 OBJ: 0425. Details of the division of net income for a partnership should be discloseda. in the asset section of the balance sheetb. in the partners’ subsidiary ledgerc. in the statement of cash flowsd. in the income statementANS: D DIF: 2 OBJ: 0426. Deng and Dang are partners who share income in the ratio of 3:2. Their capitalbalances are $40,000 and $60,000 respectively. Income Summary has a credit balance of $20,000. What is Deng's capital balance after closing Income Summary to Capital?a. $30,000b. $52,000c. $28,000d. $32,000ANS: B DIF: 2 OBJ: 0427. Selma pays Sally $39,000 for her 30% interest in a partnership with total net assets of$120,000. Following this transaction, Selma's capital account should have a credit balance ofa. $36,000b. $39,000c. $33,000d. more than $39,000ANS: A DIF: 3 OBJ: 0528. Nellie is admitted to an existing partnership by investing cash. Nellie agrees to pay abonus for her ownership interest because of the past success of the partnership.When Nellie's investment in the partnership is recordeda. her capital account will be credited for more than the cash she investedb. her capital account will be credited for the amount of cash she investedc. a bonus will be credited for the amount of cash she investedd. a bonus will be distributed to the old partners' capital accounts.ANS: D DIF: 3 OBJ: 0529. Peter and Paul are partners. The partnership capital of Peter is $40,000 and Paul is$70,000. Peter sells his interest in the partnership to Mary for $50,000. Thejournal entry to record the admission of Mary as a new partner would includea. a credit to Mary's capital for $40,000b. a credit to Paul's capital for $10,000c. a credit Mary's capital for $50,000d. a credit to Mary's capital for $40,000 and a credit to Paul's capital for $10,000ANS: A DIF: 3 OBJ: 0530. When a partner dies, the capital account balances of the remaining partnersa. will increaseb. will decreasec. will remain the samed. may increase, decrease, or remain the sameANS: D DIF: 2 OBJ: 0531. A partner withdraws from a partnership by selling her interest to another person whocurrently is not associated with the firm. As a results of this transaction, the capital account balance of the other partners in the partnershipa. will increaseb. will decreasec. will remain the samed. may increase, decrease, or remain the sameANS: C DIF: 2 OBJ: 0532. Shaw and Hall are partners. The partnership capital for Shaw is $50,000 and forHall is $60,000. Thomas is admitted as a new partner by investing $40,000 cash.Thomas is given a 20% interest in return for her investment. The amount of thebonus to the old partners isa. $0b. $18,000c. $8,000d. $10,000ANS: D DIF: 3 OBJ: 0533. A and B are partners who share income in the ratio of 2:1 and have capital balances of$50,000 and $30,000 respectively. With the consent of B, X buys one half of A'sinterest for $35,000. For what amount will A's capital account be debited to record admission of X to the partnership?a. $40,000b. $15,000c. $25,000d. $35,000ANS: C DIF: 3 OBJ: 0534. A new partner may be admitted to a partnership bya. inheriting a partnership interestb. contributing assets to the partnershipc. purchasing a specific quantity of assets from the partnershipd. the consent of the majority of the current partnersANS: B DIF: 2 OBJ: 0535. A change in the ownership of a partnership results in thea. consolidating of the partnershipb. liquidating of the partnershipc. realization of the partnershipd. dissolution of the partnershipANS: D DIF: 1 OBJ: 0536. When a new partner is admitted to a partnership, there should be a(n)a. revaluation of assetsb. realization of assetsc. allocation of assetsd. return of assetsANS: A DIF: 1 OBJ: 0537. When a new partner is admitted to a partnership, there should be a(n)a. the total assets of the partnership increaseb. new capital account is added to the ledger for the new partnerc. the total owner's equity of the partnership increasesd. the cash received by the current partner represents the amount of the debit tothat partner's capital account.ANS: B DIF: 2 OBJ: 0538. When an additional partner is admitted to a partnership by contribution of assets tothe partnershipa. the total assets of the partnership do not changeb. no liabilities can be contributed at the same timec. the amount of the cash contribution is the same as the amount of the debit tothe new partner's capital accountd. the total of the owner's equity accounts increasesANS: D DIF: 2 OBJ: 0539. When a new partner is admitted to a partnershipa. a bonus may be attributable to the old partnerb. a bonus may only result from more cash being given by the new partner thanthe value of the of the assets being purchasedc. a bonus agreed upon by the partners is recorded as an asset so long as theamount is within the range set by the SECd. a bonus is not recordedANS: A DIF: 2 OBJ: 0540. The CD Partnership owns inventory that was purchased for $65,000, has a currentreplacement cost of $62,500, and is priced to sell for $95,000. At what amount should the inventory be recorded in the accounts of the new partnership if A is to beadmitted?a. $97,000b. $62,500c. $65,000d. $95,000ANS: B DIF: 2 OBJ: 0541. Immediately prior to the admission of A, the XY Partnership assets had been adjustedto current market prices, and the capital balances of X and Y were $40,000 and$60,000 respectively. If the parties agree that the business is worth $150,000, what is the amount of bonus that should be recognized in the accounts at the admission of A?a. $100,000b. $0c. $40,000d. $50,000ANS: D DIF: 2 OBJ: 0542. Stan and Ollie are partners who share income in the ratio of 2:3 and have capitalbalances of $50,000 and $30,000 respectively. Ray is admitted to the partnership and is given a 40% interest by investing $20,000. What is Stan's capital balance after admitting Ray?a. $20,000b. $25,000c. $42,000d. $18,000ANS: C DIF: 3 OBJ: 0543. Stan and Ollie are partners who share income in the ratio of 2:3 and have capitalbalances of $30,000 and $50,000 respectively. Ray is admitted to the partnership and is given a 10% interest by investing $20,000. What is Ollie's capital balance after admitting Ray?a. $56,000b. $34,000c. $20,000d. $44,000ANS: A DIF: 3 OBJ: 0544. Tim, Don, and Hans are partners with capital balances of $20,000, $30,000, and$50,000 respectively. They share income in the ratio of 3:2:1. Income Summary with a debit balance of $30,000 is closed to the capital accounts. Don withdraws from the partnership. How much cash does he get upon withdrawal?a. $30,000b. $20,000c. $40,000d. $24,000ANS: B DIF: 3 OBJ: 0545. A and B are partners who share income in the ratio of 1:2 and have capital balances of$40,000 and $70,000 at the time they decide to terminate the partnership. After all noncash assets are sold and all liabilities are paid, there is a cash balance of $80,000.What amount of loss on realization should be allocated to A?a. $80,000b. $10,000c. $20,000d. $30,000ANS: B DIF: 3 OBJ: 0646. A partnership liquidation occurs whena. a new partner is admittedb. a partner diesc. the ownership interest of one partner is sold to a new partnerd. the assets are sold, liabilities paid, and business operations terminatedANS: D DIF: 1 OBJ: 0647. The balance sheet of Marilyn and Monroe was as follows immediately prior to thepartnership being liquidated: cash, $20,000; other assets, $160,000; liabilities, $40,000;Marilyn capital, $60,000; Monroe capital, $80,000. The other assets were sold for $139,000. Marilyn and Monroe share profits and losses in a 2:1 ratio. As a final cash distribution from the liquidation, Marilyn will receive cash totalinga. $46,000b. $51,000c. $60,000d. $49,500ANS: A DIF: 3 OBJ: 0648. Jimmy Jerry and Johnny decide to liquidate their partnership. All assets are soldand the liabilities are paid. Following these transactions, the capital balances and profit and loss percentages are as follows: Jimmy, $27,000 and 30%; Jerry, $(12,000) and 40%; Johnny, $43,000 and 30%. Jerry is unable to contribute any assets toreduce the deficit. How much cash will Jimmy receive as a results of the partnership liquidation?a. $27,000b. $21,000c. $23,400d. $15,000ANS: B DIF: 3 OBJ: 0649. The remaining cash of a partnership (after creditors have been paid) upon liquidationis divided among partners according to theira. capital balancesb. contribution of assetsc. drawing balancesd. income sharing ratioANS: A DIF: 2 OBJ: 0650. A gain or loss on realization is divided among partners according to theira. income sharing ratiob. capital balancesc. drawing balancesd. contribution of assetsANS: A DIF: 2 OBJ: 06。
医疗机构药事管理专业知识讲座
医疗机构药剂科(institutional pharmacy),又称医院药房（hospital pharmacy）,是医疗机构中从事预防、 诊疗、治疗疾病所用药品供给、调剂、配 制制剂、提供临床药学服务、监督检验药 品质量等工作部门(department或 service)。
医疗机构药事管理专业知识讲座
分
分级管理
级
（level-to-level administration） 药剂科分级管理是落实医院分级管
管
理标准，实施医院规范化管理要求，
理
就是把医院分级管理标准中药剂科标
准作为药剂科建设目标，结合科室实
际，狠抓达标建设。
医疗机构药事管理专业知识讲座
21/93
（三）药剂科管理模式及方法
目标管理
目
医疗机构药事管理专业知识讲座
2/93
掌握
• 医疗机构药事管理组织职责； • 医疗机构药剂科任务； • 药剂科组织结构； • 调剂业务和处方管理要求； • 药品临床应用管理。
学习
熟悉
要求
了解
•静脉药品配置业务； •医疗机构制剂管理； •药品供给管理； •药学保健。
•医疗机构药事和药事管理概 念； •药剂科人员编制及要求； •药品分级管理制度。
（Pharmacy Administration and Drug Therapeutics
Committee） 1. 落实执行医疗卫生及药事管理相关法律、法规、规
章。审核制订本机构药事管理和药学工作规章制度
药事管
，并监督实施；
理与药
2. 制订本机构药品处方集和基本用药供给目录；
品治疗 学委员
3. 推进药品治疗相关临床诊疗指南和药品临床应用指 导标准制订与实施，监测、评定本机构药品使用情 况，提出干预和改进办法，指导临床合理用药；
商务统计学-常用词汇整理表
商务统计学词汇表Chapter 1Categorical variables 分类变量Continuous variables 连续变量Data 数据Descriptive statistics 描述统计学Discrete variables 离散变量Focus group焦点小组方法，小组访谈法，焦点讨论方法Inferential statistics 推断统计学Numerical variables 数值变量Operational definition 运算定义Parameter 参数Population 总体Primary sources 原始（数据）来源Sample 抽样、样本secondary sources 二手（数据）来源statistic 统计量statistics 统计学、统计数据statistical packages 统计（软件）包variables 变量Chapter 2Bar chart 柱形图、条形图Cells 单元、元素Chartjunk 图表垃圾Class boundaries 组限Class grouping 分组Class midpoint 组中值Contingency table 列联表Cross-classification table 交叉分类表Cumulative percentage distribution累计百分比分布Cumulative percentage polygon累计百分比多边形图Frequency distribution 频数分布Histogram 直方图Ogive (cumulative percentage polygon)卵形图、累积曲线图Ordered array 有序的数列Pareto diagram 帕累托图Pareto principle 帕累托准则percentage distribution 百分比分布percentage polygon 百分比多边形图pie chart 饼图、圆形图range 全距relative frequency distribution相对频数分布scatter diagram 散点图stem-and-leaf display 茎叶图summary table 汇总表time-series plot 时间数列图width of class interval 组距Chapter 3Arithmetic mean 算术均值Box-and-whisker plot 箱线图Central tendency 集中趋势Chebyshev rule 切比雪夫法则Coefficient of correlation 相关系数Coefficient of variation 变异系数Covariance 协方差Dispersion 离散离差Empirical rule 经验法则Extreme value 极端值Five-number summary 五数（值）概括法Geometric mean 几何平均Interquartile range （IQR）四分间距、内距Left-skewed 左偏Mean 均值Median 中位数Midspread 中间离散、中间离差Mode 众数Outlier 异常值Population mean 总体均值Population standard deviatio总体标准差Population variance 总体方差Q1:first quartile 下四分位数Q3：third quartile 上四分位数Quartile 四分位数Range 全距Resistant measures 抗性测度值Right-skewed 右偏Sample coefficient of correlation样本相关系数Shape (分布)形状Skewed 偏斜（度）Spread 离散（分布）Standard deviation 标准差Sum of squares 平方和Symmetrical 对称的Variance 方差Variation 变异Z scores 标准分数Chapter 4A priori classical probability先验古典概率Bayes’theorem 贝叶斯定理Certain event 必然事件Collectively exhaustive 完备穷尽Combination 组合Complement of event 事件的补A’Conditional probability 条件概率Contingency table 列联表Decision tree 决策树Empirical classical probability经验古典概率Event 事件General addition rule 一般加法法则General multiplication rule一般乘法法则Impossible event 不可能事件Intersection of event 事件的交Joint event 联合事件Joint probability 联合概率Marginal probability 边际概率Multiplication rule for independent events 独立事件的乘法法则Mutually exclusive 互斥Permutation 排列Sample space 样本空间Simple event 简单事件Statistical independence 统计独立性Subjective probability 主观概率Table of cross-classifications交叉分类表Union 联合Venn diagram 韦恩图Chapter 5Area of opportunity 机会域Binomial probability distribution二项概率分布Expected value of a discrete random variable 离散随机变量的期望值Mathematical model 数学模型Poisson distribution 泊松分布Probability distribution for a discrete random variable离散随机变量的概率分布Rule of combination 组合定律Standard deviation of a discrete random variable 离散随机变量的标准差Chapter 6Continuous probability density function连续概率密度函数Cumulative standardized normal distribution 累积标准正态分布Normal distribution 正态分布Normal probability density function正态概率密度函数Normal probability plot 正态概率图Quantile-quantile plotQ-Q图，分位数图Standardized normal random variable标准正态随机变量Transformation formula 转换公式Chapter7Central Limit Theorem 中心极限定理Clusters 群Cluster sampling 整群抽样Convenience sampling 方便抽样、便利抽样Coverage error 涵盖误差Frame 抽样框Judgement sample 判断抽样（样本）Measurememnt error 测量误差Nonprobability sample 非概率抽样Nonreponse error 无回答误差Probability sample 概率抽样Sampling distribution 抽样分布Sampling distribution of the sample mean样本均值的抽样分布Sampling distribution of the sample proportion 样本比例的抽样分布Sampling error 抽样误差Sampling with replacement 重置抽样Sampling without replacement 不重置抽样Selection bias 选择偏差Simple random sample 简单随机抽样Standard error of the mean均值的标准误差nxσσ= Standard error of the proportion比例的标准误差np)1(ππσ-=Strata 层 Stratified sample 分层抽样、分类抽样 Systematic sample 系统抽样 Table of random numbers 随机数表 Unbiased 无偏的 Chapter 8Confidence interval estimat置信区间估计Critical value 临界值 Degrees of freedom 自由度 Level of confidence 置信水平 Point estimate 点估计 Sampling error 抽样误差 Chapter9Level of significance α 显著性水平 Alternative hypothesis 备择假设 Confidence coefficient 置信系数 Confidence level 置信水平 Data snooping 数据探测法 Directional test方向性检验（左或右单侧检验）Hypothesis testing 假设检验 Null hypothesis 原假设 One-tail test 单尾检验、单侧检验 P-value P 值 Power of a statistical test统计检验功效Randomization 随机性、随机选择 Region of nonrejection 非拒绝域 Region of rejection 拒绝域 Test statistic t 检验统计量 Two-tail test 双尾检验、双侧检验 Type Ⅰerror 第一类错误 Type Ⅱerror 第二类错误 Chapter 10 (第五版的10、11章)Among-group variation 组间方差 Analysis of variance (ANOVA)方差分析 Critical range 临界区域 F distribution F 分布 f-test statistic for testing the equality of two variances两个方差相等的F 检验 Factor 因素grand mean X 总平均数 homogeneity of variance 方差齐性 Levene test 方差齐性检验 Matched 匹配 Paired 配对 Mean square 均方 MSA 组间均方差 MST 总均方差 MSW 组内均方差 Multiple comparisons 多重比较 One-way ANOVA 单因素方差分析 Paired t test for the mean difference in related populations有关总体均值之差的配对t 检验Pooled-variance t test 合并方差的t 检验 Post hoc 验后比较 Random error 随机误差 Randomness and independence随机性和独立性Repeated measurements 重复测量 Robust test 稳健性检验 Separate-variance t test分离方差的t 检验Studentized range distribution学生（氏）全距或极差分布Sum of squares among groups （SSA ）组间平方和Sum of squares total(SST) 总平方和 Sum of squares within groups (SSW)组内平方和Tatal variation 总方差 Treatment effect 处理效应 Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison procedureTukey-Kramer 多重比较方法 Within-group variation 组内方差 Chapter 11 （第五版的12章）Assumptions of regression 回归假设 Autocorrelation 自相关 Coefficient of determination 决定系数 Confidence interval estimate for the mean response因变量（响应变量）均值的置信区间估计 Confidence interval estimate for the slope 斜率的置信区间估计Correlation coefficient 相关系数Dependent variable 因变量Durbin-Watson statistic D-W统计量Error sum of squares (SSE)随机误差平方和Equal variance 等方差Explained variation 可解释的变差Explanatory 解释变量Homoscedasticity 同方差性，方差齐性Independence of errors随机误差的独立性Least-squares method 最小平方法Linearity 线性Normality 正态性Prediction interval for an individual response Y因变量Y个别值的预测区间Prediction line 预测线Regression line 回归线Regression analysis 回归分析Regression coefficient 回归系数Regression sum of squares(SSR)回归平方和Residual analysis 残差分析Response variable 因变量Scatter diagram 散点图Simple linear regression简单（一元）线性回归Slope 斜率Standard error of the estimate估计标准误差Y intercept 因变量Y的截距Unexplained variation不可解释的方差Chapter 12 (第五版13章)Adjusted r2修正的决定系数Coefficient of multiple determination多重决定系数Cross-product term 交叉乘积项Dummy variables 虚拟变量Interaction term 交叉项Multiple regression models多元回归模型Net regression coefficient净回归系数，偏回归系数Overall F test总体（回归方程）的F检验Quadratic regression model二次回归模型。
Fundamental_Accounting_Principles_Chap013
Stockholders' Equity with Common Stock
Stockholders' Equity
Common Stock - $2 par value; 500,000 shares
authorized; 100,000 shares issued and
outstanding
$ 200,000
2,500,000
Common Stock, $2 par value
Paid-in Capital in Excess
of Par Value, Common
Issued 100,000 shares of common stock.
Cr 200,000 2,300,000
13 - 11
P1 ISSUING PAR VALUE STOCK
Chapter 13
ACCOUNTING FOR CORPORATIONS
PowerPoint Authors: Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA Charles W. Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
serves as proof that a stockholder
has purchased shares.
When the stock is sold, the stockholder signs a transfer endorsement on the back of the stock certificate.
Disadvantages ▪ Governmental regulation ▪ Corporate taxation
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CHAPTER 13 DISTRIBUTION & CONSIGNMENT CONTRACTGuidanceIn this chapter, we are going to learn distribution contract and consignment contract. In the distribution contract, a distributor not only possesses, but owns title to the goods being sold, unlike a sales representative, who may possess the goods temporarily (or who may simply take orders that are filled directly by the manufacturer) but does not own them. A distributor is usually not considered an agent of the manufacturer. The distributor is acting on his/her own behalf, typically by purchasing the goods from the manufacturer, adding a profit margin, and reselling the goods.In the consignment contract, the owner of products gives possession of them to another party, who sells them. Until the goods are sold, they remain the property of the owner (know as consignor). Title to the goods never passes to the person selling them (the consignee). The risk that the products will not sell remains with the consignor because unsold or outdated products can usually be returned. Thus, the consignment contract differs from the distribution contract, where the goods are purchased by the distributor and resold, and from the sales representative contract, where the goods are sold on behalf of the manufacturer but usually are shipped directly from the manufacturer to the customer (and therefore are never possessed by the sales representative).This typical agreement usually consists of the following terms and conditions:1.The parties concernedmodity3.Territory4.Minimum turnover (Order)5.Price and payment6.Appointment (Exclusive right)7.Prohibition of competitive transaction8.Prohibition of re-export9.Market report10.Advertising and Expenses (Sales promotion)mission12.Property rights (Trade marks or Secrecy)13.Validity (Duration)14.Force Majeure15.Arbitrationerning law1. Text AExclusive Agency Agreement 独家代理协议This agreement is made and entered into by and between the parties concerned on ____ in ____, China on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business on terms andconditions mutually agreed upon as follow:本协议于****年*月*日在中国____由有关双方在平等互利基础上达成，按双方同意的下列条件发展业务关系：1. The Parties Concerned 协议双方Party A:Add:Tel:Fax:甲方：地址：电话：传真：Party B:Add:Tel:Fax:乙方：地址：电话：传真：2. Appointment 委任Party A hereby appoints Party B as its Exclusive Agent to solicit orders for the commodity stipulate in Article 3 from customers in the territory stipulated in Article 4,and Party B accepts and assumes such appointment.甲方指定乙方为其独家代理，为第三条所列商品从第四条所列区域的顾客中招揽订单，乙方接受上述委任。
3. Commodity 代理商品“Purple Flower” Brand Washing Machines“紫花”牌洗衣机。
4. Territory 代理区域In China only仅限于中国。
5. Minimum turnover 最低业务量Party B shall undertake to solicit orders for the above commodity from customers in the above territory during the effective period of this agreement for not less than USD 1,000,000.乙方同意，在本协议有效期内从上述代理区域内的顾客处招揽的上述商品的订单价值不低于100万美元。
6. Price and Payment 价格与支付The price for each individual transaction shall be fixed through negotiations between Party B and the buyer, and subject to Party A's final confirmation. Payment shall be made by confirmed, irrevocable L/C opened by the buyer in favor of Party A, which shall reach Party A 15 days before the date of shipment.每一笔交易的货物价格应由乙方与买主通过谈判确定，并须经甲方最后确认。
付款使用保兑的、不可撤销的信用证，由买方开出，以甲方为受益人。
信用证须在装运日期前15天到达甲方。
7. Exclusive Right 独家代理权In consideration of the exclusive rights granted herein, Party A shall not, directly or indirectly, sell or export the commodity stipulated in Article 4 to customers in China through channels other than Party B; Party B shall not sell, distribute or promote the sales of any products competitive with or similar to the above commodity in China and shall not solicit or accept orders for the purpose of selling them outside China. Party A shall refer to Party B any enquiries or orders for the commodity in question received by Party A from other firms in China during the validity of this agreement.基于本协议授予的独家代理权，甲方不得直接或间接地通过乙方以外的渠道向中国顾客销售或出口第三条所列商品，乙方不得在中国经销、分销或促销与上述商品相竞争或类似的产品，也不得招揽或接受以到中国以外地区销售为目的的订单，在本协议有效期内，甲方应将其收到的来自中国其他商家的有关代理产品的询价或订单转交给乙方。
8. Reports on Market conditions 商情报告Party B shall have the obligation to forward once every three months to Party A detailed reports on current market conditions and on consumers’ comments. For Party A’s reference, Party B shall, from time to time, forward to Party A samples of similar commodity offered by other suppliers, together with their copies, sales position and advertising material.乙方有义务每三个月向甲方寄送一次详细的报告，反映当地的市场情况和消费者意见。