Technical Certification of PV Power Plants

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浓盐水电子有限公司-太阳能转换器产品说明书

TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 Client: Huawei Technologies Co., LtdAdministration Building Headquarters of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,Bantian, Longgang District, 518129 Shenzhen, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFCHINAManufacturing place: Huawei Technologies Co., LtdAdministration Building Headquarters of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,Bantian, Longgang District, 518129 Shenzhen, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OFCHINATest subject: Product: SOLAR INVERTERType:SUN2000-36KTL, SUN2000-33KTL-ATest specification: VDE-AR-N 4105:2011DIN VDE V 0124-100(VDE V 0124-100):2012DIN VDE 0126-1-1 (VDE V 0126-1-1):2013Purpose of examination: ∙Annex G.2, G.3, F3 and F4 from standard VDE-AR-N 4105∙TÜV SÜD certification mark specificationsTest result: The test results show that the presented product is in compliance with the specified requirements.Technical Report No. <70.409.16.086.03-02>G.2 Certificate of conformity for power generation unitsF.3 Requirements for the test report for power generation unitsG.3 Certificate of conformity of the network and system protectionF.4 Requirements for the test report for the NS protectionDated <2017-05-02>This technical report may only be quoted in full. Any use for advertising purposes must be granted in writing. This report is the result of a single examination of the object in question and is not generally applicable evaluation of the quality of other products in regular production.TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 1 Description of the test subject1.1 FunctionThese devices are transformer-less grid-connected PV inverters which converts direct current optimized by photovoltaic DC conditioner to alternating current, and they are in-tended to be connected in parallel with the public grid directly.They are intended for professional incorporation into PV system, and they are assessed on a component test basis.Firmware version: V200R0021.2 Consideration of the foreseeable misuseNot applicableCovered through the applied standardCovered by the following commentCovered by attached risk analysis1.3 Technical DataModel : SUN2000-36KTL, SUN2000-33KTL-APV input :d.c. Max. Input Voltage: 1100 Vd.c.d.c. MPP Range: 200-1000 Vd.c.d.c. Max. Input Current: 22 A /22 A /22 A /22 AIsc PV: 30 A /30 A /30 A /30 AAC output :a.c. Output Nominal Voltage: 3/N/PE~, 400Va.c. Nominal Operating Frequency: 50 Hza.c. Output Max. Current: 57,8 A (SUN2000-36KTL),48 A (SUN2000-33KTL-A)a.c. Output Rated Power: 36 kVA (SUN2000-36KTL),30 kVA (SUN2000-33KTL-A)a.c. Output Max. Active Power: 40 kW (SUN2000-36KTL), 33 kW (SUN2000-33KTL-A)a.c. Output Max. Apparent Power: 40 kVA (SUN2000-36KTL), 33 kVA (SUN2000-33KTL-A)Protection Class : IIngress protection : IP65Construction : Fixed equipmentSupply connection : Non-detachable power supply cableWeight : 55kg(SUN2000-36KTL)/60kg(SUN2000-33KTL-A)TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 2 Order2.1 Date of Purchase Order, Customer’s Reference2017.04.05, 7482130808/20002.2 Receipt of Test Sample, Location2016.04.15, 2017.04.15Nanjing CQC - Trusted Testing Technology Co., Ltd.No.99,Wenlan Road, Xianlin University Zone, Xianlin Street, Qixia District, NanJing, China2.3 Date of Testing2016-04-15 – 2016-05-04(original), 2017-04-15 – 2017-04-20(revised)2.4 Location of TestingNanjing CQC - Trusted Testing Technology Co., Ltd.No.99,Wenlan Road, Xianlin University Zone, Xianlin Street, Qixia District, NanJing, China2.5 Points of Non-compliance or Exceptions of the Test ProcedureNoneTPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 3 Test Results3.1 Positive Test Results (as attachment of type D certificate)G.2 Certificate of conformity for power generation unitsCertificate of conformityPower generation unit No. 70.409.16.086.03-02ManufacturerHuawei Technologies Co., Ltd.Administration Building Headquarters of HuaweiTechnologies Co., Ltd., Bantian, Longgang District, 518129Shenzhen, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Type power generation unit SOLAR INVERTERModel SUN2000-36KTL, SUN2000-33KTL-AAssessment valuesMax. active power P Emax40048 W (SUN2000-36KTL)30322 W (SUN2000-33KTL-A)Max. apparent power S Emax40057 VA (SUN2000-36KTL)33127 VA (SUN2000-33KTL-A)Rated voltage 3/N/PE~, 400V Network connection rulesVDE-AR-N 4105 “Power generation systems connec tedto the low-voltage network”Technical minimum requirements for connection andparallel operation of power generation systems connectedto the low-voltage networkFirmware version V200R002Period of measurementFrom 2016-04-15 to 2016-05-04(original) and From 2017-04-15 to 2017-04-20(revised)The above mentioned power generation unit meets the requirements of VDE-AR-N 4105.Description of the structure and schematic set-up of the generating unit. (including single faultcheck)The generating unit integrated EMC filter on both PV and AC side converts direct current optimized byphotovoltaic DC conditioner to alternating current and it is intended to be connected in parallel with the low-voltage mains to supply common load. The generating unit has no electrical isolation between DC inputand AC output. The output is switched off by the failsafe inverter bridge and two relays in series. This al-lows a safe separation from generating unit to the network, also in case of failure. Refer to below illustra-tion.TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29SUN2000-36KTL and SUN2000-33KTL-ATPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 F.3 Requirements for the test report for power generation unitsExtract from test report for unit certificate“Determination of electrical properties”No. 70.409.16.086.03-02Type of systemGrid-connectedinverter for PVsystemManufacturer’s dataGeneration unitmanufacturerHuaweiTechnologies Co.,Ltd.Address:AdministrationBuildingHeadquarters ofHuaweiTechnologies Co.,Ltd., Bantian,Longgang District,518129 Shenzhen,PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OFCHINAType of system:Grid-connected inverter for PVsystemActive power(nominal powerat referenceconditions):36kW (SUN2000-36KTL)30kW (SUN2000-33KTL-A)Rated voltage: 3/N/PE~, 400VPeriod ofmeasurement:From 2016-04-15 to 2016-05-04(original) and From 2017-04-15 to 2017-04-20(revised)Active power P Emax40048 W (SUN2000-36KTL), 30322 W (SUN2000-33KTL-A)(Assessment values)Reactive power reference(@0,91Un) – SUN2000-36KTLActive powerP/P Emax[%]10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Max. possiblecosφunder-excited0,8020 0,8016 0,8014 0,8011 0,8009 0,8008 0,8007 0,8781* 0,9930* N/A**Max. possiblecosφover-excited0,7950 0,7975 0,7982 0,7987 0,7990 0,7991 0,7993 0,8695* 0,9880* N/A**The max. current is limited by software to 57,8 A, the apparent power and active power are limited accordingly when test at fixed grid voltage(0,91Un).S limited=P limited=57,8 x 209,3 x 3 ≈ 36293 W/VA“*”: Due to apparent power is limited to S limited, the active power is reduced accordingly when adjust cos φ. It is therefore not achieved to default cos φ at points 80% and 90% P/P Emax. The max. possible c os φ is recorded accordingly.“**”: The P Emax can not reached when test at 0,91Un.Reactive power reference (@Un) – SUN2000-36KTLActive powerP/P Emax[%]10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Max. possiblecosφunder-excited0,8019 0,8015 0,8011 0,8010 0,8007 0,8007 0,8007 0,8006 0,9015* 0,9998*TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 Max. possiblecosφover-excited0,7951 0,7974 0,7982 0,7985 0,7991 0,7993 0,7993 0,7994 0,8988* 0,9998*“*”: Due to apparent power is limited to S Emax, the active power is reduced accordingly when adjust cos φ. It is therefore not achieved to default cos φ at points 90% and 100% P/P Emax. The max. possible cos φ is recorded accordingly.Reactive power reference (@1,09Un) – SUN2000-36KTLActive powerP/P Emax[%]10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Max. possiblecosφunder-excited0,8023 0,8017 0,8012 0,8011 0,8008 0,8007 0,8007 0,8006 0,8966* 0,9998*Max. possiblecosφover-excited0,7954 0,7977 0,7984 0,7987 0,7990 0,7991 0,7994 0,7996 0,8987* 0,9998*“*”: Due to apparent power is limited to S Emax, the active power is red uced accordingly when adjust cos φ. It is therefore not achieved to default cos φ at points 90% and 100% P/P Emax. The max. possible cos φ is recorded accordingly.Reactive power reference (@Un) – SUN2000-33KTL-AActive powerP/P Emax [%]10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Max. possiblecosφunder-excited- 0,8006 0,8010 0,8011 0,8012 0,8010 0,8010 0,8010 0,8012 0,9082*Max. possiblecosφover-excited- 0,7976 0,7977 0,7978 0,7980 0,7979 0,7973 0,7979 0,7982 0,9083*“*”: Due to apparent power is limited to S Emax, the active power is reduced accordingly when adjust cos φ. It is therefore not achieved to default cos φ at points 100% P/P Emax. The max. possible cos φ is recorded accordingly.Reactive power reference (@1,09Un) – SUN2000-33KTL-AActive powerP/P Emax[%]10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Max. possiblecosφunder-excited- 0,8007 0,8010 0,8011 0,8012 0,8014 0,8011 0,8012 0,8008 0,9072*Max. possiblecosφover-excited- 0,7980 0,7977 0,7978 0,7980 0,7981 0,7981 0,7982 0,7981 0,9067*“*”: Due to apparent power is limited to S Emax, the active power is reduced accordingly when adjust cos φ. It is therefore not achieved to default cos φ at points 100% P/P Emax. The max. possible cos φ is recorded accordingly.TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 Compliance of required displacement factor cosφ– SUN2000-36KTLDefaultinsystemcontrol0,900ov 0,920ov0,940ov0,960ov0,980ov1,000 0,980un0,960un0,940un0,920un0,900unMeasuredvalueat PGUterminals0,8990 0,9198 0,9398 0,9598 0,9796 0,9998 0,9800 0,9600 0,9402 0,9202 0,9003Switching actions – SUN2000-36KTLMaking operation without default (of primary energy carrier) k i0,127Worst case at switch over of generator sections* k i-Making operation at reference conditions (of primary energycarrier)k i1,001Breaking operation at nominal power k i1,001Worst-case value of all switching operations k imax1,001Remark: “*” Not applicable for PV systemFlicker –SUN2000-36KTLAngle of network impedance ψk:32°1) 50°70°85°Coefficient of system flicker cψ: 2,38 - - -Remark: 1) R A = 0,24 Ω; X A = j 0,15 Ω at 50 Hz network impedance used for most unfavorable condition which is approximately 32° flicker angle.Reactive power transfer function – Standard-cosφ-(P)-characteristic – SUN2000-36KTLActive powerP/P n [%]10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 cosφ0,9949 0,9987 0,9993 0,9995 0,9996 0,9799 0,9595 0,9398 0,9196 0,9999 Conform to Standard- cosφ-(P)-characteristicRemark:“*”:The maximum apparent power of the inverter is limited to SEmax. If setting cos φ≠1, the maximum active power is reduced accordingly. The active power 100% P/PEmax is therefore only achieved when cos φ = 1.Starting with a power of 0,2 P Emax, the characteristic curve shall be adhered to according to VDE AR-N 4105: 2011.TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 Harmonics – SUN2000-36KTLActivepowerP/Pn[%]0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100OrdinalnumberI [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%]2 - 0,214 0,265 0,302 0,347 0,395 0,428 0,464 0,506 0,544 0,5633 - 0,103 0,102 0,082 0,070 0,065 0,061 0,069 0,080 0,095 0,1014 - 0,075 0,090 0,084 0,074 0,065 0,056 0,047 0,043 0,051 0,0525 - 0,149 0,177 0,274 0,312 0,367 0,374 0,407 0,394 0,409 0,3896 - 0,026 0,037 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,030 0,030 0,032 0,039 0,0717 - 0,291 0,237 0,215 0,171 0,196 0,199 0,271 0,302 0,350 0,3428 - 0,021 0,021 0,030 0,028 0,030 0,032 0,033 0,036 0,037 0,0579 - 0,035 0,044 0,048 0,051 0,050 0,055 0,057 0,072 0,072 0,08310 - 0,021 0,017 0,029 0,029 0,026 0,028 0,026 0,031 0,025 0,02011 - 0,216 0,192 0,333 0,329 0,350 0,340 0,351 0,384 0,378 0,38212 - 0,018 0,019 0,030 0,029 0,026 0,028 0,027 0,036 0,035 0,02913 - 0,250 0,167 0,285 0,306 0,307 0,348 0,341 0,392 0,398 0,40414 - 0,015 0,016 0,020 0,019 0,019 0,019 0,022 0,026 0,028 0,02715 - 0,039 0,036 0,032 0,033 0,036 0,036 0,034 0,033 0,037 0,03716 - 0,015 0,014 0,018 0,018 0,019 0,020 0,023 0,030 0,033 0,03417 - 0,115 0,145 0,181 0,199 0,209 0,220 0,256 0,277 0,289 0,31118 - 0,014 0,015 0,023 0,021 0,021 0,021 0,028 0,039 0,041 0,03619 - 0,086 0,136 0,158 0,161 0,178 0,186 0,207 0,245 0,255 0,26020 - 0,013 0,013 0,020 0,016 0,015 0,016 0,018 0,026 0,028 0,02421 - 0,023 0,024 0,039 0,032 0,022 0,026 0,024 0,030 0,032 0,03422 - 0,012 0,016 0,022 0,022 0,014 0,015 0,018 0,024 0,026 0,02523 - 0,069 0,096 0,125 0,115 0,125 0,139 0,160 0,176 0,207 0,22224 - 0,015 0,020 0,024 0,027 0,021 0,038 0,024 0,031 0,035 0,03525 - 0,045 0,076 0,114 0,097 0,109 0,118 0,135 0,148 0,175 0,19626 - 0,015 0,018 0,014 0,016 0,026 0,038 0,033 0,023 0,027 0,02827 - 0,018 0,021 0,017 0,020 0,037 0,033 0,034 0,022 0,027 0,02828 - 0,013 0,017 0,013 0,012 0,021 0,016 0,031 0,031 0,022 0,02229 - 0,017 0,049 0,082 0,062 0,083 0,084 0,104 0,110 0,132 0,15430 - 0,012 0,017 0,016 0,013 0,021 0,020 0,018 0,045 0,029 0,03131 - 0,021 0,044 0,070 0,048 0,068 0,072 0,080 0,081 0,114 0,13232 - 0,012 0,013 0,014 0,011 0,014 0,020 0,016 0,031 0,025 0,03433 - 0,018 0,014 0,013 0,016 0,014 0,021 0,018 0,019 0,031 0,03934 - 0,014 0,011 0,015 0,014 0,012 0,020 0,018 0,019 0,022 0,03335 - 0,026 0,026 0,043 0,038 0,053 0,061 0,062 0,053 0,079 0,10636 - 0,014 0,011 0,013 0,016 0,015 0,019 0,020 0,017 0,022 0,03637 - 0,025 0,015 0,033 0,034 0,041 0,055 0,051 0,040 0,068 0,09138 - 0,013 0,011 0,012 0,013 0,013 0,016 0,019 0,015 0,019 0,02739 - 0,018 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,015 0,018 0,023 0,022 0,023 0,02640 - 0,013 0,011 0,015 0,013 0,012 0,015 0,020 0,021 0,019 0,020TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 Subharmonics – SUN2000-36KTLActivepowerP/Pn[%]0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Frequency[Hz]I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%]75 - 0,045 0,047 0,049 0,051 0,052 0,054 0,056 0,059 0,060 0,061125 - 0,035 0,036 0,035 0,038 0,036 0,036 0,036 0,037 0,036 0,035 175 - 0,030 0,029 0,028 0,029 0,029 0,028 0,028 0,030 0,029 0,027 225 - 0,027 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,026 0,027 0,027 0,030 0,027 0,026 275 - 0,025 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,028 0,026 0,025 325 - 0,024 0,023 0,023 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,027 0,026 0,025 375 - 0,023 0,022 0,023 0,023 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,027 0,026 0,025 425 - 0,023 0,022 0,022 0,023 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,027 0,026 0,024 475 - 0,022 0,021 0,022 0,022 0,023 0,024 0,024 0,026 0,026 0,024 525 - 0,022 0,020 0,021 0,022 0,022 0,023 0,024 0,027 0,026 0,024 575 - 0,021 0,019 0,020 0,021 0,022 0,023 0,024 0,026 0,026 0,024 625 - 0,021 0,019 0,020 0,020 0,022 0,023 0,024 0,025 0,027 0,025 675 - 0,020 0,018 0,019 0,020 0,022 0,023 0,024 0,025 0,027 0,025 725 - 0,022 0,022 0,022 0,024 0,025 0,027 0,028 0,030 0,031 0,028 775 - 0,020 0,020 0,021 0,022 0,024 0,025 0,026 0,027 0,030 0,029 825 - 0,021 0,021 0,021 0,022 0,024 0,026 0,028 0,030 0,032 0,028 875 - 0,017 0,016 0,017 0,018 0,019 0,021 0,023 0,024 0,029 0,026 925 - 0,016 0,016 0,017 0,018 0,019 0,021 0,023 0,024 0,030 0,025 975 - 0,016 0,016 0,019 0,018 0,019 0,021 0,023 0,024 0,030 0,026 1025 - 0,017 0,019 0,026 0,021 0,019 0,021 0,022 0,029 0,034 0,026 1075 - 0,016 0,022 0,036 0,039 0,018 0,020 0,022 0,027 0,028 0,026 1125 - 0,016 0,021 0,034 0,035 0,018 0,020 0,022 0,032 0,031 0,026 1175 - 0,018 0,022 0,041 0,049 0,022 0,024 0,024 0,027 0,025 0,027 1225 - 0,020 0,024 0,024 0,032 0,030 0,049 0,025 0,026 0,025 0,027 1275 - 0,021 0,022 0,023 0,028 0,036 0,036 0,045 0,023 0,025 0,027 1325 - 0,020 0,026 0,015 0,017 0,049 0,049 0,049 0,022 0,026 0,027 1375 - 0,017 0,026 0,015 0,016 0,034 0,031 0,063 0,025 0,025 0,028 1425 - 0,018 0,025 0,015 0,016 0,037 0,022 0,047 0,047 0,025 0,028 1475 - 0,017 0,024 0,014 0,015 0,022 0,023 0,043 0,046 0,025 0,027 1525 - 0,017 0,023 0,014 0,015 0,021 0,025 0,021 0,051 0,107 0,029 1575 - 0,018 0,019 0,014 0,015 0,021 0,028 0,022 0,044 0,028 0,043 1625 - 0,018 0,018 0,022 0,016 0,018 0,029 0,022 0,025 0,108 0,041 1675 - 0,021 0,015 0,015 0,018 0,017 0,028 0,024 0,022 0,026 0,053 1725 - 0,021 0,016 0,021 0,019 0,015 0,027 0,026 0,022 0,024 0,049 1775 - 0,020 0,016 0,014 0,021 0,015 0,021 0,027 0,022 0,024 0,046 1825 - 0,020 0,016 0,013 0,019 0,016 0,021 0,031 0,023 0,025 0,042 1875 - 0,021 0,016 0,013 0,019 0,017 0,023 0,028 0,022 0,024 0,037 1925 - 0,020 0,015 0,014 0,018 0,018 0,022 0,029 0,023 0,024 0,033 1975 - 0,020 0,016 0,016 0,017 0,019 0,023 0,030 0,025 0,024 0,029TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29Higher frequencies – SUN2000-36KTLActivepowerP/Pn[%]0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Frequency[kHz]I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%]2.1 - 0,064 0,043 0,056 0,058 0,063 0,079 0,089 0,095 0,092 0,1062.3 - 0,066 0,047 0,055 0,050 0,046 0,056 0,063 0,073 0,088 0,0742.5 - 0,070 0,047 0,055 0,047 0,044 0,054 0,059 0,062 0,072 0,0742.7 - 0,084 0,058 0,066 0,053 0,049 0,060 0,075 0,073 0,072 0,0832.9 - 0,067 0,041 0,047 0,041 0,037 0,046 0,050 0,053 0,065 0,0643.1 - 0,059 0,040 0,050 0,040 0,033 0,037 0,043 0,050 0,060 0,0503.3 - 0,052 0,037 0,050 0,040 0,032 0,035 0,043 0,050 0,055 0,0563.5 - 0,045 0,037 0,038 0,037 0,031 0,035 0,040 0,036 0,041 0,0523.7 - 0,041 0,037 0,038 0,035 0,029 0,035 0,034 0,033 0,043 0,0503.9 - 0,030 0,041 0,035 0,030 0,030 0,031 0,037 0,044 0,041 0,0424.1 - 0,029 0,035 0,033 0,031 0,031 0,038 0,040 0,029 0,031 0,0334.3 - 0,025 0,027 0,032 0,032 0,026 0,028 0,028 0,028 0,029 0,0294.5 - 0,025 0,027 0,028 0,027 0,025 0,027 0,027 0,026 0,028 0,0294.7 - 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,026 0,027 0,0274.9 - 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,0275.1 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,026 0,025 0,026 0,027 0,028 0,029 0,0305.3 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,0285.5 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,0255.7 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,026 0,026 0,027 0,0285.9 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,0256.1 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,0256.3 - 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,0266.5 - 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,026 0,025 0,026 0,026 0,026 0,0266.7 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,0256.9 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,024 0,025 0,0257.1 - 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,0257.3 - 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,0257.5 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,0247.7 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,0247.9 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,0248.1 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,0248.3 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,0248.5 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,0248.7 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,025 0,0258.9 - 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,025 0,024 0,025 0,025 0,025 0,025 Remark:The harmonic values are maximum values from all phases.TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 Harmonics – SUN2000-33KTL-AActivepowerP/Pn[%]0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100OrdinalnumberI [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%]2 - 0,141 0,116 0,118 0,105 0,111 0,115 0,121 0,113 0,113 0,1373 - 0,183 0,193 0,227 0,207 0,193 0,195 0,188 0,196 0,203 0,2014 - 0,159 0,122 0,144 0,134 0,120 0,119 0,116 0,118 0,119 0,1225 - 0,789 0,973 0,563 0,435 0,418 0,471 0,502 0,553 0,593 0,6176 - 0,044 0,033 0,043 0,089 0,031 0,032 0,029 0,030 0,029 0,0317 - 0,409 0,903 0,805 0,713 0,548 0,439 0,351 0,314 0,297 0,3098 - 0,076 0,078 0,083 0,112 0,115 0,094 0,095 0,099 0,102 0,1419 - 0,051 0,056 0,084 0,092 0,102 0,099 0,063 0,062 0,059 0,08910 - 0,080 0,098 0,103 0,111 0,127 0,141 0,103 0,102 0,100 0,14111 - 0,428 0,219 0,111 0,381 0,512 0,569 0,593 0,594 0,618 0,61212 - 0,022 0,024 0,023 0,036 0,026 0,083 0,035 0,041 0,036 0,08913 - 0,308 0,223 0,106 0,270 0,402 0,465 0,510 0,522 0,553 0,55514 - 0,039 0,044 0,043 0,053 0,053 0,051 0,056 0,064 0,062 0,06515 - 0,031 0,041 0,036 0,047 0,047 0,046 0,051 0,054 0,054 0,05616 - 0,048 0,052 0,049 0,050 0,065 0,058 0,058 0,059 0,059 0,06917 - 0,149 0,156 0,130 0,104 0,246 0,334 0,379 0,403 0,417 0,42318 - 0,023 0,026 0,028 0,024 0,042 0,026 0,028 0,031 0,030 0,05219 - 0,137 0,117 0,158 0,169 0,200 0,311 0,394 0,462 0,512 0,55220 - 0,028 0,027 0,028 0,032 0,039 0,037 0,033 0,036 0,036 0,05521 - 0,039 0,038 0,044 0,036 0,035 0,058 0,051 0,053 0,050 0,05922 - 0,029 0,021 0,024 0,030 0,025 0,042 0,041 0,031 0,033 0,07923 - 0,100 0,054 0,078 0,080 0,072 0,141 0,185 0,209 0,230 0,23224 - 0,016 0,017 0,018 0,023 0,024 0,028 0,044 0,121 0,047 0,06725 - 0,074 0,086 0,078 0,195 0,149 0,181 0,257 0,323 0,379 0,41526 - 0,022 0,021 0,022 0,021 0,029 0,032 0,036 0,119 0,050 0,03927 - 0,034 0,035 0,037 0,034 0,030 0,041 0,052 0,073 0,072 0,05528 - 0,022 0,021 0,022 0,021 0,022 0,030 0,025 0,026 0,027 0,03429 - 0,124 0,124 0,088 0,048 0,051 0,061 0,101 0,137 0,162 0,17330 - 0,012 0,013 0,014 0,015 0,016 0,016 0,017 0,019 0,020 0,02231 - 0,116 0,150 0,135 0,126 0,142 0,111 0,140 0,194 0,240 0,27732 - 0,020 0,018 0,022 0,018 0,022 0,023 0,022 0,023 0,025 0,02733 - 0,030 0,031 0,029 0,030 0,025 0,030 0,034 0,037 0,037 0,04034 - 0,019 0,019 0,022 0,022 0,019 0,021 0,023 0,025 0,025 0,02735 - 0,080 0,072 0,067 0,038 0,055 0,036 0,058 0,096 0,133 0,16236 - 0,011 0,020 0,020 0,014 0,015 0,015 0,019 0,018 0,020 0,02237 - 0,130 0,105 0,111 0,094 0,138 0,119 0,106 0,134 0,170 0,20538 - 0,021 0,024 0,026 0,022 0,023 0,025 0,026 0,026 0,028 0,02939 - 0,026 0,025 0,028 0,024 0,030 0,029 0,026 0,029 0,030 0,03340 - 0,019 0,025 0,026 0,023 0,022 0,022 0,025 0,027 0,028 0,029TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29 Subharmonics – SUN2000-33KTL-AActivepowerP/Pn[%]0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Frequency[Hz]I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%]75 - 0,208 0,145 0,113 0,059 0,056 0,055 0,058 0,056 0,056 0,054125 - 0,067 0,226 0,146 0,048 0,047 0,046 0,045 0,046 0,045 0,044 175 - 0,191 0,126 0,117 0,079 0,046 0,046 0,045 0,046 0,045 0,045 225 - 0,093 0,069 0,115 0,095 0,054 0,054 0,054 0,055 0,053 0,054 275 - 0,071 0,048 0,084 0,135 0,047 0,049 0,047 0,049 0,047 0,048 325 - 0,073 0,041 0,063 0,123 0,082 0,042 0,043 0,043 0,041 0,045 375 - 0,050 0,043 0,064 0,105 0,109 0,046 0,050 0,054 0,051 0,120 425 - 0,047 0,045 0,058 0,096 0,172 0,069 0,050 0,051 0,050 0,139 475 - 0,044 0,041 0,054 0,057 0,110 0,124 0,046 0,047 0,047 0,152 525 - 0,036 0,034 0,037 0,060 0,124 0,141 0,113 0,048 0,064 0,222 575 - 0,037 0,040 0,041 0,064 0,044 0,125 0,184 0,293 0,235 0,102 625 - 0,036 0,039 0,040 0,067 0,042 0,121 0,117 0,057 0,071 0,221 675 - 0,035 0,036 0,037 0,067 0,040 0,041 0,179 0,289 0,230 0,050 725 - 0,029 0,033 0,033 0,050 0,051 0,036 0,038 0,045 0,043 0,043 775 - 0,031 0,032 0,033 0,051 0,048 0,037 0,038 0,042 0,041 0,057 825 - 0,028 0,029 0,030 0,031 0,064 0,035 0,039 0,040 0,041 0,061 875 - 0,025 0,056 0,043 0,030 0,061 0,034 0,039 0,042 0,042 0,075 925 - 0,038 0,030 0,038 0,031 0,058 0,047 0,036 0,038 0,038 0,078 975 - 0,033 0,055 0,046 0,031 0,046 0,048 0,036 0,037 0,037 0,075 1025 - 0,039 0,028 0,038 0,037 0,044 0,063 0,035 0,037 0,038 0,060 1075 - 0,031 0,025 0,031 0,037 0,027 0,076 0,031 0,032 0,033 0,068 1125 - 0,026 0,027 0,029 0,041 0,039 0,051 0,057 0,037 0,050 0,082 1175 - 0,022 0,025 0,026 0,033 0,037 0,059 0,088 0,046 0,106 0,068 1225 - 0,029 0,031 0,031 0,037 0,046 0,041 0,061 0,057 0,056 0,067 1275 - 0,027 0,029 0,031 0,030 0,041 0,048 0,088 0,052 0,108 0,064 1325 - 0,030 0,031 0,033 0,032 0,041 0,041 0,060 0,057 0,052 0,082 1375 - 0,024 0,026 0,029 0,028 0,031 0,044 0,034 0,038 0,039 0,058 1425 - 0,023 0,025 0,028 0,027 0,031 0,032 0,054 0,037 0,045 0,078 1475 - 0,019 0,021 0,021 0,022 0,024 0,025 0,027 0,031 0,032 0,034 1525 - 0,021 0,023 0,024 0,024 0,026 0,029 0,030 0,031 0,034 0,037 1575 - 0,018 0,019 0,021 0,020 0,023 0,025 0,026 0,028 0,030 0,032 1625 - 0,019 0,021 0,022 0,022 0,024 0,027 0,027 0,029 0,031 0,035 1675 - 0,018 0,020 0,021 0,021 0,022 0,026 0,026 0,027 0,028 0,036 1725 - 0,018 0,019 0,021 0,021 0,023 0,025 0,027 0,027 0,030 0,034 1775 - 0,017 0,027 0,022 0,022 0,023 0,024 0,029 0,028 0,032 0,036 1825 - 0,017 0,027 0,026 0,021 0,023 0,023 0,029 0,037 0,034 0,031 1875 - 0,023 0,026 0,026 0,023 0,025 0,025 0,029 0,029 0,033 0,034 1925 - 0,021 0,024 0,027 0,021 0,022 0,023 0,027 0,036 0,032 0,031 1975 - 0,025 0,021 0,028 0,024 0,025 0,027 0,028 0,030 0,032 0,035TPS_GCN_F_09.20E– Rev. 1 2012-10-29Higher frequencies – SUN2000-33KTL-AActivepowerP/Pn[%]0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Frequency[kHz]I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%] I [%]2,1 - 0,125 0,183 0,148 0,150 0,168 0,164 0,147 0,167 0,204 0,240 2,3 - 0,106 0,120 0,125 0,121 0,131 0,130 0,116 0,121 0,137 0,155 2,5 - 0,067 0,090 0,116 0,135 0,147 0,175 0,169 0,164 0,168 0,174 2,7 - 0,101 0,124 0,125 0,146 0,166 0,199 0,197 0,179 0,177 0,197 2,9 - 0,079 0,068 0,085 0,109 0,136 0,158 0,185 0,182 0,170 0,153 3,1 - 0,059 0,067 0,071 0,064 0,066 0,073 0,091 0,107 0,115 0,120 3,3 - 0,064 0,083 0,082 0,101 0,111 0,123 0,143 0,167 0,174 0,168 3,5 - 0,051 0,070 0,079 0,074 0,084 0,097 0,107 0,129 0,150 0,161 3,7 - 0,046 0,070 0,075 0,075 0,071 0,070 0,073 0,076 0,077 0,086 3,9 - 0,043 0,054 0,059 0,066 0,079 0,079 0,084 0,093 0,114 0,133 4,1 - 0,039 0,045 0,050 0,049 0,054 0,057 0,062 0,066 0,071 0,088 4,3 - 0,037 0,039 0,041 0,042 0,048 0,049 0,048 0,049 0,057 0,068 4,5 - 0,036 0,041 0,044 0,039 0,044 0,048 0,050 0,051 0,050 0,054 4,7 - 0,034 0,035 0,036 0,035 0,038 0,039 0,041 0,044 0,044 0,045 4,9 - 0,034 0,036 0,037 0,035 0,036 0,038 0,038 0,040 0,040 0,040 5,1 - 0,034 0,036 0,037 0,035 0,035 0,036 0,037 0,040 0,041 0,041 5,3 - 0,033 0,034 0,034 0,034 0,033 0,035 0,034 0,035 0,036 0,036 5,5 - 0,033 0,034 0,034 0,034 0,034 0,035 0,034 0,035 0,036 0,037 5,7 - 0,033 0,033 0,034 0,035 0,036 0,035 0,034 0,035 0,036 0,036 5,9 - 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,034 0,034 6,1 - 0,032 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,034 0,033 0,033 0,034 0,034 6,3 - 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,034 0,034 0,034 0,035 0,035 6,5 - 0,033 0,034 0,035 0,035 0,035 0,035 0,036 0,035 0,036 0,036 6,7 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,034 0,034 0,033 0,033 0,034 6,9 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 7,1 - 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,034 0,034 0,034 0,034 0,034 7,3 - 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,034 0,033 0,033 7,5 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 7,7 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 7,9 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,032 8,1 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 8,3 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,032 0,033 0,032 8,5 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,032 0,033 0,032 8,7 - 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 8,9 - 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,032 0,033 0,033 0,033 0,033 Remark:The harmonic values are maximum values from all phases.。

光伏工艺流程英语

IntroductionThe photovoltaic (PV) industry, an essential component of the global renewable energy landscape, is characterized by its continuous pursuit of high-quality and high-standard manufacturing processes. These processes are critical to ensuring the efficiency, reliability, and longevity of solar modules, which directly impact their overall performance and return on investment. This comprehensive analysis delves into the intricate steps involved in the PV manufacturing process, emphasizing the multi-faceted strategies employed to maintain and enhance product quality and adherence to stringent standards.1. Silicon Feedstock ProcessingThe PV manufacturing process begins with the procurement and refinement of silicon feedstock, the primary raw material for most solar cells. High-quality monocrystalline or multicrystalline silicon is obtained through processes such as the Czochralski (CZ) method or the directional solidification technique. These methods ensure the production of silicon ingots with low impurity levels and optimized crystal structures, vital for maximizing cell efficiency. Rigorous quality control measures, including in-line monitoring and post-processing inspections, are implemented to verify the purity, resistivity, and structural integrity of the silicon.2. Wafer FabricationSilicon ingots are sliced into thin wafers, typically 150-200 micrometers thick, using wire saws or diamond-coated blades. The wafer fabrication stage involves precise control over wafer thickness, flatness, and surface roughness to minimize optical losses and ensure uniformity across the production batch. Advanced texturing techniques, such as alkaline etching or laser doping, are applied to create microstructures on the wafer surface, enhancing light absorption and reducing reflectance. Quality control at this stage includes visual inspections, edge isolation, and electrical testing to identify and weed out defective wafers.3. Solar Cell ProcessingSolar cell processing transforms the silicon wafers into functional devices capable of converting sunlight into electricity. Key steps include:a) Surface Passivation: High-quality dielectric films, such as silicon nitride or aluminum oxide, are deposited on both sides of the wafer to reduce surface recombination and improve minority carrier lifetime, thereby enhancing cell efficiency.b) Diffusion: Phosphorus or boron dopants are introduced into the wafer to form the p-n junction, the heart of the solar cell where photogenerated electrons and holes separate and generate current. Precise control over diffusion temperature, time, and gas concentration is crucial to achieve the desired junction depth and sheet resistance.c) Metallization: Fine-line screen printing or advanced plating techniques are used to deposit metal contacts (usually silver or aluminum) on the front and back surfaces of the cell. The design and layout of these contacts significantly influence cell efficiency by minimizing shading losses and optimizing current collection.d) Anti-Reflection Coating (ARC): A thin layer of silicon nitride or other materials is applied to the front surface of the cell, further reducing surface reflection and enhancing light trapping.Throughout this stage, rigorous quality control measures are in place, including real-time process monitoring, in-line metrology, and periodic sampling for detailed characterization and analysis. These measures ensure compliance with industry standards like IEC 61215 and IEC 61730, which govern the performance, safety, and durability of PV modules.4. Module AssemblyHigh-quality PV modules are assembled from individual cells, encapsulated between ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) sheets and protected by a durable glass cover and a weather-resistant backsheet. Stringing the cells in series, soldering interconnects, and laminating the components under vacuum and elevated temperatures ensure electrical connectivity, mechanical stability, andenvironmental protection. Quality control during module assembly encompasses visual inspections, electroluminescence imaging, and flash testing to assess cell-to-cell variations, detect micro-cracks or hotspots, and verify power output and performance parameters.5. Reliability Testing and CertificationTo meet high-standard requirements, PV modules undergo a battery of rigorous reliability tests simulating various environmental and stress conditions they may encounter during their service life. These tests, as outlined in international standards like IEC 61215, IEC 61730, and UL 1703, include thermal cycling, humidity-freeze, damp heat, mechanical load, and potential-induced degradation (PID) tests. Successful completion of these tests earns modules certifications from recognized bodies like TÜV Rheinland, UL, or Intertek, providing assurance of their long-term performance and durability.6. Supply Chain Management and TraceabilityEnsuring high-quality, high-standard PV products also necessitates robust supply chain management and traceability systems. Manufacturers collaborate closely with suppliers to verify the quality and sustainability of raw materials, components, and auxiliary services. Advanced digital platforms enable end-to-end tracking of materials and processes, facilitating quick identification and resolution of quality issues, adherence to international regulations, and fulfillment of customer-specific requirements.ConclusionThe high-quality, high-standard PV manufacturing process is a testament to the industry's commitment to delivering efficient, reliable, and long-lasting solar energy solutions. From the meticulous processing of silicon feedstock to the rigorous testing and certification of finished modules, each stage is infused with a multi-dimensional approach to quality control, technological innovation, and adherence to international standards. As the global shift towards renewable energy accelerates, the ongoing refinement and optimization of this complex process will continue to drive advancements in solar technology, fostering amore sustainable and resilient energy future.。

光伏组件运维手册 - ET solar说明书

Manual for PV Module Operation and Maintenance组件运维手册Version:2023Q1Foreword前言Along with the continuous development of the PV technology, new types of PV modules are being launched constantly, involving the maintenance for modules during their operation on the site of the PV power station so as to maintain their performance and service life. This manual aims to explain the maintenance for ET solar PV modules in system application for the reference by a PV system application client.随着光伏技术的不断发展，光伏组件类型的不断推陈出新，涉及到光伏电站现场运行时组件的维护保养，保持性能和寿命，本手册旨在说明ET solar光伏组件的在系统应用中的维护保养，供光伏系统应用端参考使用。

Contents 目录1.Significance of PV Modules Operation and Maintenance 光伏组件运维的意义 (3)1.1Function of PV Modules 光伏组件的作用 (3)1.2Basis for PV Modules Operation and Maintenance 光伏组件运维依据 (3)2.Applicable Module type 适用的组件类型 (3)3. Operation & Maintenance Modes 运维方式 (3)3.1 Replacement of PV Module 光伏组件更换 (3)3.2Cleaning of PV Array 光伏方阵清洁 (4)3.2.1Requirements for Cleaning Water 清洗用水要求 (4)3.2.2 Notes for Cleaning of PV Modules 光伏组件清洗注意事项 (4)3.2.3Inspection over PV Module after Cleaning 清洁后光伏组件的检查 (6)3.3 Removal of Vegetation in PV Array Area 光伏方阵区植被清理 (7)3.3.1 Matters to Be Noted During Removal of Vegetation in PV Array Area 光伏方阵区植被清理注意事项 (7)3.3.2Inspection after Removal of Vegetation 植被清理后检查 (7)3.4 Tour Inspection over PV Array 光伏方阵巡查 (8)4. 结语Conclusion (8)1. Significance of PV Modules Operation and Maintenance光伏组件运维的意义1.1Function of PV Modules 光伏组件的作用In a PV power station, a PV module, as the core power generation unit, is the equipment which changes light into electricity. The operation of the PV module in the PV power station is of great importance to the generating capacity and the earning of the whole station. As a result, the maintenance over the PV module can reduce dust and dirt deposit and prevent the PV module from producing hot spots to finally improve the generation performance and the service life of the PV module.在光伏电站中，光伏组件作为核心发电单元，是将光能直接转换成电能的设备，光伏组件在光伏电站中的运行情况对整个电站的发电量及收益有举足轻重的影响。

光伏控制英语

IntroductionPhotovoltaic (PV) systems, harnessing the power of sunlight to generate electricity, have emerged as a pivotal component of global renewable energy strategies. The efficient and reliable operation of these systems is largely dependent on sophisticated control mechanisms that optimize their performance, ensure safety, and facilitate seamless integration with electrical grids. This comprehensive analysis delves into various aspects of PV control, exploring the technologies, methodologies, and standards that underpin high-quality, high-standard PV systems.I. Fundamental Principles of Photovoltaic ControlThe core objective of PV control is to maximize energy yield while maintaining system stability and compatibility with the grid. Key principles guiding this endeavor include:1. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): MPPT algorithms dynamically adjust the operating point of the PV array to extract the maximum available power under varying environmental conditions such as solar irradiance and temperature. Advanced MPPT techniques, such as perturb-and-observe, incremental conductance, and fuzzy logic, offer improved tracking accuracy and response time.2. Power Quality Management: PV inverters, responsible for converting DC power from the PV array to AC power compatible with the grid, must adhere to stringent power quality standards. Harmonic distortion, voltage flicker, and reactive power compensation are critical parameters that need to be controlled to prevent grid instability and equipment damage.3. Grid Interfacing and Compliance: PV systems must comply with grid codes and regulations, which vary across jurisdictions. Key requirements include low-voltage ride-through capability, frequency and voltage regulation support, and provision of ancillary services like reactive power control and active power curtailment.II. Advanced Control Strategies for Enhanced Performance1. Distributed MPPT: In large-scale PV installations, employing multiple MPPT units per inverter or using module-level power electronics can significantly enhance overall system efficiency by mitigating the effects of partial shading, module mismatch, and soiling.2. Forecasting and Predictive Control: Integrating weather forecasting and historical data analysis enables proactive control strategies that anticipate changes in solar irradiance and temperature, thereby optimizing power output and reducing energy losses. Machine learning algorithms can further enhance predictive capabilities by learning patterns and adapting to site-specific conditions.3. Hybrid Energy Systems Control: In scenarios where PV is combined with other renewable sources or energy storage, advanced control strategies are necessary to coordinate the operation of these components, ensuring optimal energy utilization, stability, and cost-effectiveness.III. Cybersecurity and Communication ProtocolsAs PV systems increasingly rely on digital communication and remote monitoring, cybersecurity becomes a paramount concern. Ensuring secure data transmission, protecting against cyber threats, and maintaining system integrity are vital for high-quality, high-standard PV control. Key aspects include:1. Secure Communication Protocols: Implementing industry-standard communication protocols like Modbus TCP/IP, DNP3, or IEC 61850, with robust encryption and authentication mechanisms, safeguards against data breaches and unauthorized access.2. Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems: Deploying advanced cybersecurity measures, such as firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS), and regular firmware updates, fortifies PV systems against potential cyberattacks.3. Cybersecurity Standards Compliance: Adhering to international standards like IEC 62443 for industrial control systems security and NIST Cybersecurity Framework ensures a systematic approach to addressing cybersecurity risks in PV systems.IV. Quality Assurance and StandardizationTo guarantee high-quality, high-standard PV control, adherence to rigorous testing, certification, and standardization processes is essential. Key aspects include:1. International Standards: Compliance with international standards like IEC 61727 for MPPT performance evaluation, IEC 61000 for electromagnetic compatibility, and UL 1741 for inverter safety and performance ensures consistency and interoperability across different PV systems and markets.2. Certification and Testing: Third-party certification by recognized bodies like TÜV Rheinland, UL, or Intertek provides independent validation of PV control systems' compliance with relevant standards, enhancing reliability and consumer confidence.3. Continuous Monitoring and Maintenance: Regular system monitoring, performance assessment, and maintenance according to guidelines like O&M Best Practices Guidelines for Photovoltaic Systems ensure sustained high performance and early detection of potential issues.V. Future Perspectives and Technological AdvancesThe ongoing evolution of PV control is driven by advancements in areas such as:1. Digital Twins and Virtual Commissioning: Digital replicas of PV systems enable virtual testing and optimization of control strategies before deployment, reducing commissioning time and costs while enhancing overall system performance.2. Edge Computing and AI: Integrating edge computing devices and artificial intelligence algorithms can enable real-time, autonomous decision-making at the component level, further improving MPPT efficiency, fault detection, and predictive maintenance.3. Grid 2.0 Integration: As power grids transition towards more decentralized, flexible, and intelligent architectures (Grid 2.0), PV control systems will need to adapt to support bi-directional power flows, enhanced grid stability services, and participation in local energy markets.ConclusionHigh-quality, high-standard photovoltaic control is a multifaceted endeavor that encompasses advanced control strategies, robust cybersecurity measures, rigorous quality assurance, and continuous adaptation to technological advancements. By diligently addressing these aspects, the global PV sector can accelerate its contribution to a sustainable, resilient, and low-carbon energy future.。

华为智能I-V曲线诊断技术技术白皮书说明书

To verify the performance of this I-V scanning and smart diagnosis technology, Huawei entrusted the China General Certification Center (CGC) to conduct a technical review and a performance verification of the technology. The results confirm that Huawei-developed Smart I-V Curve Diagnosis technology reaches Level 4 (L4 for short), according to the CGC/GF 180:2020 "Technical Specifications for PV String I-V Scanning and Smart Diagnosis Evaluation" and IEC 62446-1: 2016 "Photovoltaic (PV) systems - Part 1: Grid connected systems - Documentation, commissioning tests and inspection." Put simply, the technology meets the application requirements.
Low current
Mixed use of batteries and PV
Typical problem 2 Connection loose or disconnected
Typical problem 3 Solar cells/cell strings/PV

常用的一些测试英语缩写

Full Name
Advanced Audio Distribution Profile Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Advanced Audio Coding ATM Adaptation Layer type 1 Authentication Algorithm Number Activity-Based Buggeting Activity-Based Costing Activity-Base Management Available Bit Rate Alternating Current Audio Coder-3 Accept Anisotropic Conductive Film Advanced Configuration & Power Interface AT Command Interpreter Acknowledgement SMS Access Control List Add, Compare, Select Agency Dept. Automatic data capture Absolute Dimension Measurement Administration Function at the LIAN Audio Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Adaptive Dynamic Threshold Additional Elementary Functions Association for Electric Home Appliances Advance Encryption standard Alternative Frequency List Audio Frequency Control Annual Failure Rate Access Gateway Audio Gateway Anti-Glare Advanced Global Alignment Accelerated Graphics Port、Advanced Graphics Port Assisted Global Positioning System Auto Insertion Acquisition Indicatior Acquisition Indication Channel Article Inspection report Article Inspection report ATM Line Interface Module subrack alternate lighting of surfaces Accelerated Life Test General Administration Dept.

PV认证讲义(英文版)

Quotation for Services and Prices435/Design qualification and type approvalof a PV module type family accordingto IEC 61215 Ed. 2 and IEC 61730(application class A)toFirmaZeile1Straße1Straße2OrtLandCologne, AngebotsdatumTÜV Rheinland Immissionsschutz und Energiesysteme GmbH, 51101 KölnBusiness Field Renewable EnergiesContact person: Bearbeiter, Tel.: ++49-221/806-Fax-No.: ++49-221/806-13501 TasksAccording to your inquiry, a combined qualification testing of a crystalline photovoltaic (PV) module type family shall be performed in accordance with the following international stan-dards:∙IEC 61215:2005 Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules –2nd Edition Design qualification and type approval∙IEC 61730:2004*)Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification –- Part1: Requirements for construction- Part2: Requirements for testingRemark:*) The test equipment for performing the ‚Fire-Test’ (MST 23) acc. IEC 61730 is currently under prepar a-tion. Therefore test MST 23 could not be performed in TIE laboratories yet. This will be mentioned clearly on the IEC 61730 certificate. If during the process of qualification EN 61730 is published a transition to an EN 61730 certificate will be discussedThe tests will be performed in a combined way; this means the climatic tests of the IEC 61215 are regarded as ‘preconditioning tests’ of IEC 61730.Part of this qualification shall be a clearly defined PV-module type family, which has the fol-lowing design aspects (manufacturer, type designation, specifications):The type family to be certified consists of the following module types:●●If all criteria of IEC 61215, Ed. 2 are met, the reported test results will be confirmed by a cer-tificate issued by the certification body of the TÜV Rheinland Product Safety GmbH (TRPS). This certificate will then contain all module types covered by this qualification.If additionally all relevant criteria of the IEC 61730 are met, the reported test results will be confirmed by a separate certificate, issued by the certification body of the TÜV Rheinland Product Safety GmbH (TRPS), which confirms, that the module type family meets the re-quirements of the selected application class (see 2.1) and the corresponding safety class. The maximum permissible system voltage derived from the test results will be mentioned in the test report.2 Basics2.1 Normative basisThe basis of testing is laid down in the standards mentioned under section 1 of this quotation as well as all other quoted standards within that might apply.An overview of the tests sequences and a brief description of the qualification tests according IEC 61215 and IEC 61730 can be found in the appendix. For a detailed description we refer to the related standard.Part 1 of the IEC 61730 defines requirements for module design and used materials, which will be checked within the scope of this qualification by submitted technical drawings and material information (see 3.2).Part 2 of the IEC 61730 defines 3 different application classes for a module design, which lay down the kind of installation, the corresponding necessary qualification tests and the result-ing electrical safety class:- Application class A:General access, hazardous voltage, hazardous power applications(System voltage > 50 V DC)→ Safety class II- Application class B:Restricted access, hazardous voltage, hazardous power applications(System voltage > 50 V DC)→ Safety class 0- Application class C:Limited voltage, limited power applications (< 50V DC und < 240 W)→ Safety class IIIThis quotation is covering application class A (safety class II).If a different application class is desired by the customer, the number of necessary qualification tests is reduced and will be laid down in a new quotation. In this case, the customer is obliged to present a declaration, which states that the modules to be certified are used exclusively within the scope of the desired application class.2.2 Basis for test samplesThe in section 3 listed required test samples and their test sequences are based on the tech-nical documentation as it was available at the time of the preparation of this quotation.In the case of insufficient or unclear information or changes in technical details, this quotation might have to be altered and looses its validity.The tests should be performed with the module design representing the ‘worst-case’ design of the type family.Usually this means (exceptions may apply):- Largest outer module dimensions- Maximum output power- Maximum number of solar cells per bypass diode- Most critical module mounting systemFurthermore some special build small sized samples, frameless modules and single compo-nents are required for qualification. A complete list of samples can be found in part three of this quotation.The IEC certificates issued can also cover smaller resp. less critical module types of the fam-ily, if all components and process parameters are identical. A module type family can also contain modules of identical design and size with power ratings differing by ± 10%.2.3 Basis of certificationAn IEC 61215 certificate will be issued, if:a) the pass criteria as described in IEC 61215, Ed. 2 of each qualification test are ful-filledb) a factory inspection has been successfully performed and the accompanying reportwas signed by the responsible inspector and the quality manager of the manufac-turer.c) all required documents as listed in section 3.2 have been handed ind) the following documents required by the certification body have been filled out andsigned:- General Agreement with the certification body of TÜV Rheinland Product Safety GmbH (see attachment; please fill out two originals);- Declaration of name design (type label or rating plate) for all modules of the type family (see attachment)A separate IEC 61730 certificate will be issued, if :a) an IEC 61215 certificate for the PV-module type family was issued;b) all material and design requirements according to IEC 61730 – Part 1 are met (seeappendix)c) the pass criteria as described in IEC 61730 – Part 2 of each qualification test are ful-filled3 Obligations of the Customer3.1 Test samplesThe following listed test samples are – as long as they are standard modules from a series production – to be taken as random test samples according to IEC 60410 of the production series and to be supplied to TÜVs test laboratory in one shipment:3.1.1 Required solar modulestest sequences are to be found in the test tree in the annex**)The bypass diode test may alternatively be performed on a special build smaller test sample; if the junction box is potted with a sealant, thermo couples and leads for the measurement of the voltage drop need to be attached to each diode be-fore potting (please contact our engineers for details).***) The special build small test samples are needed for a time- and cost- optimized handling of the test samplesAccording to IEC 61215 Ed.2 (Section 5) ALL test samples have to undergo a precondition-ing at natural or simulated sunlight prior to the start of any qualification tests, to separate initial degradation effects from test results.If this is not possible, the cost and the testing time for this service have to be adjusted ac-cordingly (see section 5).Each module shall carry the following clear and indelible markings according to EN 50380:∙name, monogram or symbol of the manufacturer∙type or model number (only standard products)∙serial number∙electrical output ratings including production tolerances∙polarity of terminals or leads (colour coding is permissible)∙maximal system voltage for which the module is suitable∙Limiting reverse currentThe date and place of manufacture shall be marked on the module or be traceable from the serial number. (The serial number coding shall therefore be explained).3.1.2 Required Components:*) If Aluminium is part of the foil layers, the outer insulation foil has to be removed. This test is not applicable at glass/glass modules; if the foil is separately certified, this test can be omitted.**) If desired / applicableIf separately certified components are used some of the tests may be omitted.3.2 DocumentsAdditional to the delivery of the aforementioned test samples the following documents are required in order to receive certification:3.3 Delivery and transportation informationAll test samples and documents are to be delivered to the following address:To allow for a correct and on time processing of the qualification project, we kindly ask to follow this instructions:⇨All test samples shall be checked by the responsible TÜV-expert prior to delivery, to avoid additional shipping cost for missing samples. The serial numbers and types for each test sample shall be given to the contact person at TÜV beforehand.Deliveries with incomplete or false test samples can not be processed and may be returned tothe sender to the senders cost. Additional handling fees may apply and will be charged sepa-rately.⇨The name of your contact person at TÜV has to be given on each delivery or ex-change of documents.⇨PV-Module deliveries shall always be declared as a package containing breakable goods (e.g. glass)⇨Deliveries coming from countries outside the European Union have to be declared at customs offices in that manner, that test samples can stay at the laboratory for an ex-tended period.⇨Deliveries coming from countries outside the European Union containing wood pack-aging have to contain proof, that the wood has been treated according to the regula-tions of the country of origin, so that they can be returned in the same packaging without problem (see: FAO, 2003: Guidelines for regulating wood packaging material in international trade, ISPM No. 15, FAO Rome: 17 S.)⇨Any sort of transportation, packaging or customs cost will be charged to the cus-tomer.⇨Each shipment shall contain a delivery note inside and a copy on the outside of the packaging, that contains the following information:- sender/manufacturer/customer incl. address and contact person- related TÜV-quotation number- clear listing of all test samples contained:number, kind, type, designation and serial numbersIf the delivery contains several packages (boxes), the content of each package shall be listed separately.- Any additional comments or remarks concerning the content of the delivery3.4 OtherAccording to the Test and Certification Regulations of TRPS the customer agrees to keep a test sample designated by TÜV for a period 10 years after it was returned from testing. The presence of this sample will be checked during the periodic factory inspections.4 Services of TÜV Rheinland Immissionsschutz und Energie-systeme GmbH4.1 Performance of laboratory testsThe testing procedures are listed under section 1 and 2 as well as in the related qualification standards. The qualification tests will be performed in accordance with IEC 61215 and IEC 61730 and its related guidelines with the following exception:- The ‚Fire-Test’ according IEC 61730 (MST23) is not performed (see 1).The tests will be performed in a combined way; this means the climatic tests of the IEC 61215 are regarded as ‘preconditioning tests’ of IEC 61730.Depending on our actual laboratory capacity, the humidity-freeze test might be performed in a climatic chamber belonging to another accredited laboratory within the TÜV Rheinland Group.The Partial-Discharge test (MST 15) will be performed in a laboratory of the University of Applied Sciences Cologne.The Impulse voltage test (MST 14) will be performed in a laboratory of the University of Ap-plied Sciences Cologne.According to EN IEC 61215, the mechanical load test (test 10.16) is performed by three con-secutive tensile-pressure cycles with a uniform load of 2400 Pa. However, the test standard offers a more severe option of the test by applying 5400 Pa load in the last cycle. Upon request, this enhanced mechanical load test can be performed in the laboratories of the TÜV Rheinland Group.All relevant test results will be summarised in a report.After completion of all tests usually all test samples will be returned to the sender. One test sample will be marked to be stored for reference reasons by the client (see section 3.3).4.2 Factory inspectionThe certificate documents consistent quality. Therefore, factory inspections and follow-up inspections are performed on a regular basis. The inspection shall document components and production parameters and covers specifically product related quality assurance proce-dures.The follow-up inspections shall be performed annually.4.3 Test mark and TUVdotCOM serviceAfter successful completion of the certification process including a factory inspection the customer will receive the test mark as shown below.This test mark contains a unique id-number and several keywords. With this TUVdotCOM id-number a direct link to the products certification information on the web based platform is established ( or ). The customer can use this platform to link to his homepage and/or upload product related information. The test mark itself can be used on the product and its accompanying documentation.Mark:Qualified, IEC 61215Safety tested, IEC 61730Periodic inspection5 DeadlinesDue to the lengthy thermal and climatic tests of IEC 61215 the total test duration for the combined IEC 61215/IEC 61730 certification is approximately 6-7 months. The IEC 61215 certification is completed after approx. 5 months. The exact start date for the testing depends on the laboratory capacity available and will be discussed and agreed upon with you on re-ceipt of order.The factory inspection should be performed within this period.6 Additional TermsAll documents attached to this quotation are also part of its conditions.Cologne, AngebotsdatumBusiness Field Renewable Energiesi. V. i. A.Dipl.-Ing. W. Vaaßen Dipl.-Ing. J. AlthausAppendix:-Specifications for small UV-test samples-Overview of all IEC 61215, Ed. 2 tests-Combined testing tree for IEC 61215 / IEC 61730-Requirements for Components acc. IEC 61730 – Part 1-Packing List-General terms and conditions of the TIE GmbH-General agreement with the certification body of the TRPS-Declaration for name sign Testing- and certification regulations of the TRPSSpecifications for special build small UV test samplesA sample for UV testing shall be as small as possible and fulfil the following requirements: ∙To ensure correct electrical measurement, the open circuit voltage of the test sample must be higher than 4 V. Normally a series connection of about 9 cells is sufficient.∙All used materials should be identical to those used in the standard PV-modules.∙The distances from edge of cells to edge of sample must be the same as in the standard PV-modules.∙The electrical connections must be identical to those at the standard PV-modules. If a junction box is used, all materials, adhesives and terminations must be identical. Bypass diodes are not necessary in these samples.These small test samples are a requirement to increase the capacity of the UV chamber and avoid waiting periods as well as cost optimize the testing effort.A performance of the UV test sequence with large size standard modules is not possi-ble, because the capacity of the chamber is restricted.According to IEC 61215 these small test samples will also undergo the tests of the UV-test-sequence, which follow the UV-test: thermal cycling, humidity freeze, robustness of termina-tions (see test sequence in appendix).Overview of IEC 61215, Ed. 2 testsCombined test sequence acc. IEC 61215, Ed. 2 and IEC 61730 – Part 2Packliste / Packing listAn/To: TÜV Rheinland Immissionsschutz und Energiesysteme GmbH, Am Grauen Stein, 51105 Köln。

PV认证制度

28 61829 KS C IEC 61829 Measurement o f I-V Characteristics 晶体硅光伏方阵 I-V 特性现场测量
29 61345 KS C IEC 61345 UV Test for PV Modules 光伏组件紫外试验
30 61427
Secondary cells and batteries for
4. 申请程序
1) 咨询及洽谈 ※ 申请时一些问题必须通过咨询或商谈进行确认
（国外工厂申请时必须由韩国代理商申请，只有通过韩国代理商才能申请） 2) 功能检测
测试依赖：在功能检测机构测试 3) 申请书及申请资料
请登入网站在“认证制度”界面里下载相关资料准备好申请用的必要项目后与测试报告一同提交申请 4) 相关费用
of the
3 61727 KS C IEC 61727 utility interface
光伏 (PV) 系统 . 电网接口的特性
Determination of the Equivalent Cell
Temp. (ECT) of PV Devices by the Open-
4 60904-5
-
15 60904-9
KS C IEC 60904-9
Solar Simulator Performance Requirements 太阳能模拟器性能要求
16 60904-10
KS C IEC 60904-10
Methods of linearity measurement 光伏器件第 10部分：线性测量方法
KS C IEC 60904-8
Computation of Spectral Mismatch Error

光伏逆变器安规培训20160316

安规＝一系列的安全技术标准？
通畅，让进口安全！这可能也是我们安规人所肩负的长远责任！每个国家有不同要求,而且是带有强制性的.
标准概论
▪ 标准
标准是对一定范围内的重复性事务和概念所做的统一规定。重复投入、重复生产、重复加工、重复出现的产品和事物才需要标准。标准最初表现在语言、文字、符号的使用中；计算、计时、度量中；石器、青铜器的生产制造中；建筑和交通运输规范中。标准是外来语，英文词是standard。有基石、基地、旗帜、旗杆的意思。
标准的三要素对象性质、内容逻辑、级别等级、分别作为坐标轴所构成的空间叫标准的三维空间，这一概念最早是由波兰的约· 沃吉次基在1960年提出的。
标准概论
▪ 标准的种类
Байду номын сангаас
▪ 标准的种类
▪ 按约束分：强制性标准、推荐性标准和指导性文件如： GB 4208-2008外壳防护等级 GB 50794-2012 光伏发电站施工规范 GB/T 17626.1-2006 电磁兼容试验和测量技术抗扰度试验总论 GB/Z 19964-2005 光伏发电站接入电力系统技术规定 ▪ 按标准化对象分：技术标准、管理标准和工作标准
标准化是一项活动，一个过程。
标准化的重要意义是改进产品、过程和服务的适用性，
标准化可以防止贸易壁垒，促进技术合作。
标准概论
▪ 标准化的作用
▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪
现代化大生产的必要条件科学管理的基础调整产品结构和产业结构的需要扩大市场的必要手段促进科学技术转化成生产力的平台推动贸易发展的桥梁和纽带
IEC 62093 (2005-03)
IEC 62116 (2008-09)
Balance-of-system components for photovoltaic systems - Design qualification natural environments

IEC62446中英对照版

CONTENTS目录FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

1 SCOPE ..................................................................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

3 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

4 SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS .............................................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

光伏电站的认证

8
Content and services服务的内容
A3: Checking of executed construction work 检查已完成的工程 Check documentation and confirmation of executing companies (mostly paperwork) 检查并确认施工公司（书面工作为主）
Präsentation
PV Power Plant Certification 光伏电站认证
Cutting-edge quality assurance of PV power plant to support electrical safety, performance, reliability, durability and technical bankability
Copyright © VDE-Institute 2012. All rights reserved

3
Core foundations of bankability –the increasing relevance of technical aspect 融资能力的核心基础----更多地提及技术层面

Mounting construction 安装施工 Mounting of modules 组件安装 Correct cable routing (AC/DC) 正确的走线（AC/DC电线） Lightning protection (if applicable) 防雷（如需要） Equipotential bonding system 等电位连接 Transformer stations 变电站

Generate

PV认证简介

Photovoltaic Testing Laboratory Arizona State
NCB LCIE VDE TUV Rh STQC IMQ S.p.A JET TUV Rh Japan
CBTL ESTI VDE TUV RH PS GmbH ETDC ESTI JET Yokohama TUV Rh Yokohama
中国光伏认证主要采用标准
GB/T 9535-1998 等同 IEC 61215 :1993 《地面用晶体硅光伏组件设计鉴定和定型》 GB/T 18911-2002 等同IEC61646:1996 《地面用薄膜光伏组件设计鉴定和定型》 GB/T19064-2003 《家用太阳能光伏电源系统技术条件和实验方法》《家用太阳能光伏电源系统执行标准》发改委可再生能源项目办发布 IEC 62124 Ed.1《光伏独立系统设计检定》未转换为国标
中国光伏检测实验室
检测实验室天津电源研究所(18所) 上海空间电源研究所和CQC签约检测标准 GB/T9535:1998 GB/T9535:1998
中科院太阳发电系统和风力发电系统质量检测中心
深圳电子产品质量检测中心
GB/T9535:1998 IEC 62124 Ed.1 GB/T19064-2003
全球光伏认证组织-PV GAP
专业的第三方非营利光伏认证机构； PV GAP和IECEE在PV CB-FCS体系下互认；
获得IECEE PV CB-FCS证书的产品可以加贴PV GAP质量认证标志。
中国光伏认证概况
全国太阳光伏能源系统标准化技术委员会简介中国太阳光伏能源系统标准体系中国光伏认证主要采用标准中国光伏检测实验室
GB/T9535:1998 IEC 61215:2005 IEC 61646:2004 IEC 61730-2:2004

Suntech PV-Module 产品说明书

LIMITED MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTY FOR PV‐MODUL E SValid as of January 01, 2016Congratulations, you have decided on the purchase of SUNTEC H‐products with a long operating life. Suntech Photovolta ic‐M odules have a 12 years warranty on material and workmanship as well as a 25 years linear warranty on performance (for more detailed information see below).I. General TermsThis warranty is provided by Wuxi Suntech Power Co., Ltd, 9 Xinhua Road, Wuxi New District, China 214028 (SUNTECH POWER) and applies to the following Standard‐P V‐Modules (PV‐Module s) with the following classifications (MODULE‐TYPE):STP XXX(S)‐20/Wd(b, e, j, z)(+) (XXX = 170‐340)STP XXX(S)‐20/We(b, e, m, r, w)(+)(-TG) (XXX = 170‐340)STP XXX(S)‐24/Vd(b)(+)(XXX = 170‐340)STP XXX(S)‐24/V e(b, r, m)(+) (-TG) (XXX = 170‐340)AMC_Wd_XXX (XXX=250-290)XXX stands for the performance classification of a PV‐module. S/Z/d/+/b/e/m/j/r/x/w/J/C/D defines the individual module variants, as described in the corresponding product datasheet. SUNTECH POWER shall WARRANT its Photovoltaic Solar Modules’ (MODULES) performance (i) starting from the date of sale with the certifiable invoice (SALES DATE) to the first customer installing (for their own use) the MODULES (CUSTOMER) or (ii) starting at the latest 12 months after MODULES dispatch from the SUNTECH POWER factory, whichever occurs earlier (the WARRANTY START DATE).These warranty terms exclusively apply to END‐CUSTOM ERS. END‐CUSTOM ER in terms of this warranty is the purchaser of the respective PV‐M odule, who has purchased the respective PV‐Module for end‐use and has installed the same for the first time (First Installation). This warranty is transferrable by an END‐CUSTOM ER to the purchaser of an already installed PV‐module insofar as the PV‐module remains at its original place of installation. Claims under this warranty cannot be transferred to third parties.Therefore, these warranty terms do not apply to intermediaries, installation companies, or second‐hand purchasers, who install the PV‐module again at a different place of installation (second installation). The present "Manufacturer's warranty for PV‐module s" does not apply to PV‐modules marked as “Grade A”or “Gra de B”on the nameplate. SUNTECH POWER herewith explicitly refers to the “S pecial Warranty for PV‐modules ma rked Grade A”, and the “Sp ecial Warranty for PV‐modules marked Grade B”, which apply to the respective categories of PV‐modules.1. Territory of validity of this warrantyThis warranty applies only inside the European Economic Area and Switzerland, in as far as the respective PV‐module has been put into circulation there for the first time by SUNTECH POWER respectively with the consent of SUNTECH POWER. The corresponding warranty terms for other regions will apply for if European distributors / EPC companies reship the PV modules to non-European country projects for installation. 2.Applicability of national lawFor this warranty and legal disputes concerning this warranty the laws of such country in the European Economic Area and Switzerland in which the respective PV‐module has been purchased by the END‐CUSTOM ER apply, excluding the UN Convention on the International Sales of Goods as well as conflict of law’s provisions.3.ValidityThe present warranty applies to all PV‐modules which have been produced by SUNTECH POWER between the 1st and the 52nd calendar week of the year2016.The END‐CUSTOMER receives this warranty transmitted on demand in text form –e.g. by E‐Mail‐from SUNTECH POWER. This warranty can furthermore be downloaded from http://eu.suntech‐/ or obtained from a SUNTECH DISTRIBUTION PARTNER listed on the site http://eu.suntech‐/.Additional note:This manufacturer’s warranty for PV‐MODUL ES valid as of Jan2016is also applicable for PV-modules of SUNTECH POWER which have been manufactured in 2015 which, however, are being sold to the END‐CUSTOM ER or being installed for the END‐CUST OMER in2016 with the limitations named under the general terms. II. Notification of END CUSTOM ER’S sta tutory rightsThis voluntary, independent and limited manufacturer's warranty exists independently of statutory and potential contractual rights of the END‐CUSTOM ER against the SELLER and/or INSTALLER of the respective PV‐module, which remain unaffected by this manufacturer's warranty.III. Lim it e d Manufacturer's warrantySUNTECH POWER grants the END‐CUSTOMER a product warranty (1.) regarding material defects of the respective PV‐module, as well as a performance warranty (2.) regarding a power reduction of the respective PV‐module inside the timeframes indicated in the following.1. Product warrantyi. Scope, start and duration of the product warranty protectionSUNTECH POWER warrants for each PV‐module for a period of 12 years as of the respective WARRANTY START DATE that the respective PV‐module is free of material defects.ii. WarrantyIn a warranty case, SUNTECH POWER will either repair the defective PV‐module free of charge or replace the same by a functional PV‐module of the same type, free of charge. In case that the respective PV‐module type is no longer manufactured by SUNTECH POWER at the time of the warranty case, SUNTECH POWER retains the right to supply a functionally equivalent PV‐module of the same or higher power of a different type or refunds the owner with an actual market price commonly agreed with the owner. The remaining period of the original warranty period applies to newly supplied or repaired PV‐modul es.2. Performance warrantyi.Scope, start and duration of the performance warranty protection SUNTECH POWER warrants for each PV‐module as a voluntary, independent performance warranty:∙For poly module, 97.5% in the first year, thereafter, for years two (2) through twenty-five (25), 0.7% maximum decrease per year, ending with the 80.7% in the 25th year after the defined WARRANTY STARTING DATE.∙For mono module, 97% in the first year, thereafter, for years two (2) through twenty-five (25), 0.7% maximum decrease per year, ending with the 80.2% in the 25th year after the defined WARRANTY STARTING DATE.∙For hypro-mono module, 97.5% in the first year, thereafter, for years two (2) through twenty-five (25), 0.7% maximum decrease per year, ending with the80.7% in the 25th year after the defined WARRANTY STARTING DATE.The nominal power listed on the nameplate is the power in Watt (W) which a PV‐module generates under the following Standard‐Tes t‐Conditions(STC) according to the norm IEC 61215 in its Maximum Power Point (MPP):a) A light spectrum of Air‐Mass (AM) 1.5b) An irradiation of 1000 W/m² at right angle irradiationc) A module temperature of 25°CThe deviation of the nominal power is to be determined under STC.ii. Warranty performance of SUNTECH POWEREN‐REV‐EU1.0‐2016 1/2www.suntech‐In a warranty case SUNTECH POWER will either repair the defective PV‐module free of charge or r eplace the defective PV-module by a functional PV‐module of the same type free of charge. In case that the respective PV‐module type is no longer manufactured by SUNTECH POWER at the time of the warranty case, SUNTECH POWER retains the right to supply a functionally equivalent PV‐module of the same or higher power of a different type or refunds the owner with an actual market price commonly agreed with the owner. The remaining period of the original warranty period applies to newly supplied or repaired PV‐modul es. The following conditions apply to both warranties.3. Warranty case and claiming warranty performancei. Report of a warranty caseThe report shall include the following information:∙Name and address of the END‐CUS TOMER, INSTALLER resp. SELLER.∙A copy of the invoice with reference to the claimed module serial numbers / module type or purchase agreement and installation agreement.∙ A copy of the installation test report following minimum requirements of IEC 62446 / IEC 60364-6∙A copy of the periodical maintenance reports as recommended or required by regional regulations or legal requirements and acceptance protocol of handover after the installation was finished and the system connected to the grid with all relevant measured system data.∙MODULE TYPE and Serial number(s), Quantity of the respective PV‐module(s).∙Address of the place of installation of the respective PV‐modul e, in as far as this address differs from the address of END‐CUSTOMER.∙ A short but clear description of the problem at hand and what is claimed, as well as a short description of the tests which may have already been performed and with which tools, as well as their results.a. In particular, regarding a material defect: High quality pictures of the defective PV-module which show the defect including pictures of the system and surrounding environment.b. In the case of a low power output: information regarding the PV-generator, the inverter, the circuitry / layout (please see the installation documentation for this which you should have received from your INSTALLER) as well as the pictures of shadowing situation at the location.∙The requested warranty performance and reason of claim, etc.The report of a warranty case is to be addressed to one of the Servic e‐/ Contact‐Addres ses of SUNTECH POWER, listed below.ii. DeadlineA warranty case is to be reported within 10 weeks after becoming aware of the circumstances which constitute a warranty case. The timely receipt of the report by SUNTECH POWER shall be decisive. The deadline is met, if the report is received by SUNTECH POWER via fax or email in advance.iii. Return of a PV‐moduleThe END‐CUST OMER is only authorized to return the respective PV‐module after prior written consent of SUNTECH POWER.Recycling must be done via regional recycling organization following the national law or regulation and managed by the owner.iv. CostsIn a warranty case, SUNTECH POWER will bear the relevant costs for testing, dismounting, transport, repair and mounting not exceeding average regional market costs for all modules which are finally accepted as valid. Loss of use, loss of profits, loss of production, and loss of revenues are specifically and without limitation excluded.Suntech Power will not cover costs for claims and modules which finally turn out being invalid.4. Limitation of liabilityThis MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTY applies only in case of proper use of the above listed PV‐module types in keeping with the respective conditions of operation and qualified installation according to the applicable datasheets and the applicable installation guides of SUNTECH POWER. These can be obtained from SUNTECH POWER directly or from one of the SUNTECH DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS listed on http://eu.suntech‐/. The respectively applicable datasheets and installation guides are defined by year of the PRODUCTION DATE. Therefore, the datasheets and installation guides of 2014 are applicable for this warranty.This MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTY will not apply if the material defect or the reduced power was caused by circumstances or acts which are beyond the control of SUNTECH POWER, in particular:∙Mechanical, electric or thermal overload, faulty mounting resp. putting into operation not in keeping with the conditions of the respectively applicable datasheet as well as the respectively applicable installation guide.∙Use of unsuitable connect or‐ or service‐parts, inappropriate modifications of the PV‐module or inappropriately executed repairs or module handling.∙Incidences caused by acts of god, e.g. damages caused by falling trees or branch breaks, floods, landslides, damages caused by violent storms, fire, animals.∙Theft, willful damage or vandalism.∙Impairments caused by external effects, such as e.g., dirt stains,smoke, damages caused by salt, by chemicals not explicitly authorized for use, e.g. for cleaning.∙Power outage, surge voltage, lightning, accidental breaking of the PV‐module.Claims under the MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTY can only be recognized if the serial number of the respective PV‐module is unchanged, has not been removed or obscured.5. Further termsThe further use of any replaced PV module will be determined individually by Suntech Power.6. Partial nullityShould one of the clauses of the present "Manufacturer's warranty for PV‐modules" or their applicability to a certain person or a certain circumstance be deemed invalid, void or unenforceable, all other clauses and the further applicability of the present "Manufacturer's warranty for PV‐modules" remain unaffected.7. Dispute regarding a material defect or a reduced powerIn case of a dispute regarding the existence of a material defect or reduced power in a warranty case, SUNTECH POWER will accept the judgment of an accredited testing institute such as e.g. the Fraunhofer ISE in Freiburg i. Br., the TÜV Rheinland in Cologne, the Verbands der Elektrotechnik (VDE) in Frankfurt as binding.If you have questions regarding the products of SUNTECH POWER or their quality and performance, please contact SUNTECH POWER:Service‐/ Cont act‐AddressesE‐Mail:************************************************************************************************ChinaAddress: 9 Xinhua Road, Wuxi New District, China 214028Telephone: +86 400 8888 009（Customer Service Hot Line）Fax: +86 510 8534 3321E‐Mail: *******************************All warranty performances will always be provided by the warrantor of this manufacturer's warranty, Wuxi Suntech Power Co., Ltd.EN‐REV‐EU1.0‐2016 2/2www.suntech‐。

TUV认证--必维国际检验集团太阳能产品服务指南

French annual PV market Outlook until 2013
Bureau Veritas Presentation _ Date
9
光伏发展展望-政策导向
Global annual PV market Outlook per Region (Policy-Driven scenario)
认证验货、审核和评估
NRTL certification/NRTL认证: 美标认证 PV GAP certification/PV GAP认证: 通过IECEE CB体系，我们能够为您快速获得PV GAP认证标志 Pre-Shipment Inspection/装船前检验: 提供装船前验货服务，尤其专长于太阳能电池板方面
针对所有组件及其安装和风险评估的完整审核 IEC60950 IEC60950, EN60204, EN50178 EN50091, IEC60950 IEC60950, EN50178, UL60950, CSA22.2-107
Bureau Veritas Presentation _ Date
Safety, EMC, risk assessment Safety, EMC Safety, EMC Safety, EMC;
绝缘测试服务优势bvlcie是全球为数不多的cbfcs认可机构之一遍布亚洲的验货工程师确保出货前检测的快捷周期服务能力通过bvlcie中国进行试验室测试通过bvlcie中国进行出货前检验19bureauveritaspresentationdatebv解决方案逆变器目标提供相关测试报告针对不同国家电网保护要求及相关法规要求的逆变器认证电网保护测必维国际检验集团旗下innova具有下列针对电网保护标准的太阳能风能逆变器测试资质获认可的国家获任认可的标准

list of iec standards -回复

list of iec standards -回复IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standards are globally recognized benchmarks that provide guidelines and specifications for various electrical and electronic products, systems, and services. These standards ensure the safety, reliability, efficiency, and compatibility of electrical equipment and systems, contributing to global trade and innovation. In this article, we will explore the significant role of IEC standards and understand their importance in different sectors.Firstly, let's delve into the background and origins of IEC standards. The International Electrotechnical Commission, established in 1906, is a non-profit international organization that develops and publishes international standards for electrical, electronic, and related technologies. The IEC consists of experts from various organizations and technical committees who collaborate to create consensus-based standards to meet the needs of the industry and society.The range of IEC standards is vast and covers a broad spectrum of industries and sectors, including power generation, transmission, and distribution, renewable energy, electric vehicles, homeappliances, medical devices, information technology, and many more. These standards provide specifications and technical guidelines for designing, manufacturing, installing, and operating electrical and electronic equipment.One of the significant contributions of IEC standards is in the field of power generation, transmission, and distribution. Standards such as IEC 60034 (Rotating electrical machines), IEC 60076 (Power transformers), and IEC 61439 (Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies) ensure the safe and efficient generation, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy. These standards cover aspects like design, performance, testing, and rating criteria, ensuring interoperability between different components and systems.In the renewable energy sector, IEC standards play a crucial role in ensuring the reliability and efficiency of systems such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines. Standards like IEC 61730 and IEC 61400 provide guidelines for the design, testing, and certification of solar PV modules and wind turbines, respectively. These standards address aspects like electrical safety, mechanical integrity, and power performance, contributing to the growth andadoption of renewable energy sources worldwide.IEC standards also have a significant impact on the global automotive industry, particularly in the area of electric vehicles (EVs) and their charging infrastructure. Standards such as IEC 61851 (Electric vehicle conductive charging system) and IEC 62196 (Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors, and vehicle inlets) provide specifications for EV charging infrastructure, ensuring compatibility, safety, and interoperability between different EV models and charging stations. These standards foster the development of EV market and infrastructure, encouraging the adoption of clean and sustainable transportation solutions.Moreover, IEC standards are essential in promoting safety and performance in various consumer electronics and household appliances. Standards like IEC 60335 (Safety of household and similar electrical appliances) and IEC 62368 (Audio/video, information and communication technology) ensure that electronic devices are safe to use and comply with specific performance criteria. These standards cover aspects like electrical safety, mechanical strength, temperature resistance, and environmental compatibility, protecting consumers from potential hazards andensuring the reliability of products.Additionally, IEC standards play a vital role in the medical devices industry, where patient safety and product performance are of utmost importance. Standards such as IEC 60601 (Medical electrical equipment) provide guidelines for the design, testing, and performance of medical devices, including aspects like electrical safety, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and usability. These standards contribute to the development of innovative and reliable medical devices, improving the quality of healthcare worldwide.In conclusion, IEC standards are an integral part of the electrical and electronic industry, providing guidelines, specifications, and benchmarks that ensure safety, reliability, efficiency, and compatibility of products and systems. From power generation and transmission to renewable energy, electric vehicles, consumer electronics, and medical devices, IEC standards play a significant role in various sectors, fostering global trade, innovation, and sustainable development.。

光伏板索支承结构技术规程

光伏板索支承结构技术规程English Answer：Technical Specifications for Photovoltaic Mounting Support Structures.1. General.1.1 These technical specifications apply to the design, manufacture, and installation of photovoltaic (PV) mounting support structures for use in ground-mounted and rooftop applications.1.2 The primary objective of these specifications is to ensure the safety and reliability of PV mounting structures by establishing minimum performance requirements andtesting procedures.2. Design Considerations.2.1 PV mounting structures shall be designed to withstand the following loads:Dead loads: weight of the PV modules, mounting hardware, and other components.Live loads: wind, snow, seismic, and otherenvironmental loads.Erection loads: loads imposed during installation and maintenance.2.2 The design shall consider the potential for corrosion, fatigue, and other environmental effects.2.3 The mounting structure shall be compatible with the PV modules used and shall not damage or impair the performance of the modules.3. Materials and Components.3.1 PV mounting structures shall be manufactured usingdurable materials such as steel, aluminum, or other approved materials.3.2 All materials and components shall meet the relevant industry standards and specifications.3.3 Fasteners, bolts, and other hardware shall be corrosion-resistant and designed to prevent loosening over time.4. Testing and Certification.4.1 PV mounting structures shall be tested andcertified by an accredited testing laboratory to ensure compliance with the specified performance requirements.4.2 Testing shall include:Load testing: to verify the structural integrity of the mounting structure.Environmental testing: to assess the effects ofcorrosion, weathering, and other environmental factors.4.3 Certification shall include a detailed report of the test results and a statement of conformity with the applicable standards.5. Installation and Maintenance.5.1 PV mounting structures shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and the provisions of these specifications.5.2 Installation personnel shall be qualified and experienced in the installation of PV mounting structures.5.3 Regular maintenance shall be performed to ensure the ongoing safety and reliability of the mounting structure.中文回答：光伏板支承结构技术规程。

上海航天汽车机电有限公司PV模块安装说明书

PV M odule I nstallation I nstructionsShanghai Aerospace Automobile Electromechanical Co., Ltd.Address: 222 Caoxi Rd,the 8th Floor of Spaceflight Building,Shanghai,P.R. ChinaTable 1: This installation manual applies to component product models, and mechanical and electrical performance ratings under standard test conditions.Thermal coefficient1preface IntroductionThanks for purchasing PV modules ofShanghai Aerospace Automobile Electromechanical Co., Ltd. .This manual refers to PV modules manufactured or sold by our company.This manual contains the information of installation and safe handling of HT’s PV modules (hereafter is referred to as "module”).All instructions shall be carefully read before installation. Please contact our sales department for further information if have any question.The installer shall be familiar with the mechanical and electrical requirement of PV system. The installer shall comply with safety precautions listed in this manual and local law regulations when installing the modules.Our company does not take the responsibility for the loss, damage, or expense arising that caused by any violation of this manual.This manual shall be properly kept for future reference (care and maintenance) and in case of sale or disposal of the module at the end of its useful life.Our company reserves the right of final interpretation of this installation manual.2Warnings2.1It requires specialized skills and knowledge for installation of solar photovoltaic systems. It shall be performed by qualified licensed professional installation personnel.2.2PV modules generate DC electrical energy when exposed to sunlight or other light sources. Active parts of module such as terminals can result in burns, sparks, and lethal shock.2.3Apply modules to such as ground, roofs etc. outdoor environment. Appropriate rack structure shall be designed by system designer or installer.2.4Do not disconnect the cables of modules when modules are on operation.2.5Do not disassemble modules or move nameplate or any adhesion parts of modules.2.6Do not place the modules where it is easy to produce or gather combustible gases.2.7Artificially concentrated sunlight shall not be directed on the module.2.8Any dropping or covering on modules is not allowed. Do not tread, stand or walk on modules.2.9Do not pull or drag the modules by cables or connectors.2.10 Keep children away from modules during transportation and installation.2.11 Do not touch live terminals with bare hands. Use insulated tools for electrical connections.2.12 Do not wear metal rings, bracelet, earrings, nose rings, lip rings or other metal accessories during transportation and installation.2.13 Do not drill on the glass surface of module which will void its warranty.2.14 Do not destroy the modules edge seal which will void its warranty.2.15 Make sure the connection between the rack and PV module is firmly and without loosen.2.16 It may affect fire resistance of the house if roof-mounted; fire rating of the modules is rated as Class C according to IEC61730: 2016, which shall be installed on the roof fire-rated above Class C. The system fire rating should always be evaluated along with the roof cover and mounting system. The fire rating of this module is valid only when mounted in the manner specified in the mechanical mounting instructions.3 Product Identification3.1 Each module has a label on the back containing following information:Product type, weight, size, fuse current, the system max voltage, rated power measured under standard test conditions, ated current, rated voltage, open circuit voltage, short circuit current.3.2 Bar code (serial number): each module is registered with a unique serial number. It is permanently fixed in the module, which can be seen in front of module.Figure1 Bar Code4 Tools & Materials for Installation4.1 Screwdriver4.2 Wrench4.3 Mounting bracket4.4 Stainless steel screws, nuts, washers, clips and other accessories5 System designPlease use the the equipments, connectors, wires and rack which match with solar power system. In a particular system, be sure to apply the same type of modules. Please refer to the short-circuit current (Isc)and open circuit voltage (V oc) showing on modules’label as proper value to install and design when determining settling parameters such as rated voltage, the wire capacity, fuse, the controller capacity and module output power of relevant parts of PV system.In normal outdoor conditions, the generated current and voltage maybe different from the parameters listed in Table. Parameter table is measured under standard test conditions (STC), so concerning settling parameters of other parts of photovoltaic power generation system, such as rated voltage, the wire capacity, fuse, the controller capacity and module power output, it shall refer to the short-circuit current (Isc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) noted on modules’label, with the redundancy value of 125% for design and installation.Make sure the array of modules installed within the Maximum permitted system voltage and the rating current and voltage of the sub-equipments such as regulators and inverters. The maximum permitted system voltage (DC) of the modules sold in Europe is 1500V.The connection of modules: in accordance with system design, requirements of output voltage and current, modules can be series or parallel connected by their connecting wires; the maximum number of modules in series (N) is equal to the maximum system voltage Vmax divided by the open circuit voltage Voc of one single module; the number of modules in parallel is related to the selection of electrical equipment (inverters, controllers) under standard test conditions.N Number of modules in series.Vmax Maximum system voltageVoc Open circuit voltage of each module(refer to product label or data sheet).Tc(voc) Thermal coefficient of open circuit voltage for the module(refer to data sheet).Tmin The lowest ambient temperature.5.1 Location Selection5.1.1 The module should be installed at an ambient temperature of –40 °C to +40 °C. The module’s limit working ambient temperature range is from –40 °C to +85 °C.5.1.2 The maximum altitude for HT PV module is 2000m.5.1.3 Under standard test conditions (1000W / m² irradiance, AM 1.5 spectrum, 25 ° C (77 ° F) ambienttemperature), the electrical performance parameters of modules, such as Isc, Voc, and Pmax. Tolerance of rating Pmax is±3%,Voc and Isc is±5%.5.1.4 A suitable installation location shall be carefully selected for modules.5.1.5 In the northern hemisphere, modules had better be installed facing south direction; in the southern hemisphere, modules had better be installed facing north.5.1.6 The tilt angle of the PV module is measured between the surface of the PV module and a horizontal ground surface (as shows in Figure 1). The PV module generates maximum output power when it faces the sun vertical. If you want the specific information of best install tilt angle, please consult the local authoritative solar system construction company.Figure 2 PV module tilt angle5.1.7 Modules shall be installed in the position of full sun exposure and not be obscured at any time.5.1.8 The modules have a guarantee of 25 years of useful life when installed 3 km away from the sea; if the installation site is within 500m to 3000m from the sea, the modules may require additional protection such as an increase to the oxide film of the alloy frame.This only applies to particular regions, please check certification documents for your region.5.2 Choosing the appropriate inverterIt need take the output power, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current of PV modules array into consideration when choose inverter type. And the minimum voltage of the module array should be higher than the threshold voltage of inverters to guarantee the inverters proper functioning.5.3 Choose the appropriate rackThe load calculation should be charged by system designers and installers to make sure all modules could bear predetermined load conditions. The choosing rack should pass all the inspection and test by third party test institution which possessing static mechanics analysis ability.6 Modules Installation6.1 Modules unpacking6.1.1 When the modules are shipped to installation place, do not unpack modules in humid and rainy weather.6.1.2 After being unpacked, the modules shall be placed horizontally; the tilt, heap pressure, leaning stack way are prohibited.Figure 3 Modules stack illustration6.1.3 After unpacking the modules, do not remove the cover, and modules shall be loaded on roughness surface or table.6.1.4 Distance shall be kept between two batches of modules, no more than 23pcs modules shall be piled up together (it is recommended that no more than 23pcs modules whose weight is less than 27kg shall be piled up, and no more than 18pcs modules whose weight is no less than 27kg shall be piled up).6.1.5 Unpacking the package should refer to the following instructions as Figure 3, Any rude operation or use crowbar unclench into the boxes are prohibited. Pay attention to personal safety and modules safety when using tools.1.Do not remove the 3 packing belts indicated by4.Disassembly modules from side. According actual6.2 Mounting with ClampsWe have tested its modules with a number of clamps from different manufacturers and recommends the use of clamps which have an EPDM or similar insulating washer, fixing use M8. The clamp must overlap the module frame by at least 0.28 in but no more than 0.39 in. All the installation methods described here are for reference only. We are not responsible for the design and installation of relevant modules and photovoltaic systems. Mechanical load and safety of components must be performed by a professional system installer or someone with relevant qualifications.•Use at minimum 4 clamps to fix modules on the mounting r ails.•Modules clamps should not come into contact with the front glass and must not deform the frame.•Be sure to avoid shadowing effects from the module clamps.•The module frame is not to be modified under any circumstances.•When choosing this type of clamp-mounting method, use at least four clamps on each module, two clamps should be attached on each long sides of the module (for portrait orientation) and each short sides of the module (for landscape orientation). Depending on local wind and snow loads, additional clamps may be required to ensure thatmodules can bear the load.•Applied torque should refer to mechanical design standard according t o the bolt customer is using,•M6 ---- 70 lbf*in•M8 ---- 140 lbf*inThe modules negative design loading 2400Pa, with 1.5 times safety factor(wind load/snow load).SPV module installed with clamp fitting method.6.3 Mounting with BoltsThe frame of each module has 14 x 9mm mounting holes, ideally placed to optimize the load handling capability, to secure the modules to supporting structure.•To maximize mounting longevity, our Solar strongly recommends using corrosion proof (stainless steel) fixings.•Secure the module in each fixing location with an M8 bolt and a flat washer, spring washer and nut as shown in Figure 5 and tighten to a torque of 140 lbf*in.Figure 5. SPV module installed with Bolt fitting method1 Aluminum Frame2 M8 Stainless bolt3 Flat Stainless Washer4 Spring Stainless Washer5 HEX Stainless NutS or P holes with S holes7 Electrical connection7.1 Please read the electrical wiring drawings carefully before wiring, when the modules followed the IEC standard,the maximum system voltage is 1500V DC.7.2 The connection of module and junction box is as following. The modules are connected with junction connectors, such as PV-JK03M-2, PV-CO02, PV-HT002-1, PV-HT03,PV-KST4-EVO 2/ xy_UR (male) and PV-KBT4-EVO 2/XY UR(female). Meanwhile, the diode UKTH0345-12, UKTH0345-13, GFMK6045C and GFMK6045 are used in the junction box. The cross-sectional area of cable and the connector capacity must be satisfied the system's short circuit current the cable's cross-sectional area for a single module is recommended to be 4mm 2 , The outer diameter of the cable could be selected 5-7mm. The fuse current and the rated current of the connector should be higher than 2 0 A(In 18X series module situation, both fuse current of cable and rated current of connect should be ≥25A.). Otherwise, the cables and connectors will overheat due to high current. Please note that the highest temperature of cable is 90 ℃, and the highest temperature of connector is 125 ℃. 7.3 Aluminum frame and brackets of modules must be grounded with four ground holes of each module, which is marked on frames (it is recommended that each series/parallel of modules should be grounded once). The specific location of the grounding holes can be seen as the figure below. The ground wire and frame will be reliable grounding through the reserve grounding holes,by the installation bolts M4X10 ~ 15 matching plain washers, spring washers and nuts. Modules and ground cables shall be connected perfectly by wiring nose. Negative grounded inverters can be installed to prevent PID phenomenon.7.4 Where common grounding hardware (nuts, bolts, star washers, spilt-ring lock washers, flat washers and the like) is used to attach a listed grounding/bonding device, the attachment must be made in conformance with the grounding device manufacturer's instructions.7.5 Common hardware items such as nuts, bolts, star washers, lock washers and the like have not been evaluated for electrical conductivity or for use as grounding devices and should be used only for maintaining mechanical connections and holding electrical grounding devices in the proper position for electrical conductivity.7.6 The electrical connection shall conform to local electrical laws and regulations,"Y" type electrical connection mode is not allowed in module system electrical connection.7.7 Modules are equipped with bypass diodes（rated voltage 45V, rated current 20A）; improper installation may damage diodes, cables or wiring box.7.8 Please wrap the connectors after taking out the modules without immediate installation so as to prevent damage caused by wind or rain. Use of lubricant for connectors is prohibited, because it leads fracture of connectors.7.9 Do not remove the waterproof rubber rings out of the junction box or connectors.7.10 Use of diesel oil for heating is strictly prohibited at installation site, which may lead to connector failure because the gas after combustion of diesel and other petroleum products. 7.11 Connector Installation Process.7.11.1 Cutting and Stripping Cable Process: Use the Wire Cutter to cut out the required length ofthe cable. The cable is placed in a suitable position, using Strip Clamp to strip cable, the striped cable should be controlled within 7±0.1mm.7.11.2 Crimping Process:Insert striped cable into contact barrel andinsure all conductor strands are captured in the contact barrel. Inset the cable cores until the insulation comes up against the crimp insert. Completely close the crimping pliers.7.11.3 Crimping and No Soldering: Using specified Crimping Blade to crimping cable andPin\Contact, the pull force between cable and metal parts should be more than 310N after crimping.7.11.4 Crimping and Soldering: The pull force between cable and metal parts should be more than 150N after crimping. Tin liquor need to melt into the crimping opening, not only melt on the surface. The pull force between cable and metal parts should be more than 310N after soldering.7.11.5 Insert crimping socket and pin into back of male and female connector. A “click” should be heard or felt when the contact cable assembly is seated in correct position.7.11.6 When installing the back cap, need to pre-tighten by hand, then tighten the back cap with the lock tool.8Maintenance8.1Check all electrical connections to ensure that there is no open circuit and well connected.8.1.1Check the open circuit voltage of each module:8.1.2Covered the modules completely by non-transparent material.8.1.3Disconnect the wire terminals.8.1.4Remove the non-transparent material off the modules; check and measure the terminal open circuit voltage.8.1.5If the measured voltage is reduced by 1/4, it supposed to be bypass diode damaged. Please test the bypass diode performance.8.2It’s recommend that adopt the following maintenance to ensure the modules maintain the best performance:8.2.1If necessary, Please clean the glass surface of modules by soft sponge or wiping cloth with water. Amild without abrasive cleaning agent can be used to remove stubborn dirt.8.2.2Mechanical and electrical checks are required every six months to ensure the modules’connectors clean and reliable connected.8.2.3It need ask qualified person to check the modules if have any doubt on the modules.8.2.4Please note that all maintenance instructions, such as brackets, charging rectifier, inverters and batteries, shall be complied.Appendix AImporter information1 Company：A SC Energy Pty Ltd2 ABN：991564991333 Web: .au4 Email：******************.au5 Tel: 1300309008Appendix BStandard test conditions:A=1000W/m²,AM=1.5,Tc=25℃.Tolerance of rating Pmax is ±3%,Voc is ±5% ,Isc is ±5%.The electrical properties of Isc, Voc and Pmax are subject to change without notic.光伏组件安装说明书上海航天汽车机电股份有限公司地址：中国·上海漕溪路222号航天大厦8楼表1：本安装说明书适用组件产品型号，以及标准测试条件下机械和电器性能额定值。

JET工厂检查指南中英文对照版

GUIDE TO FACTORY INSPECTION OF THE JET PV MODULE CERTIFICATIONSCHEMEJET 光伏组件认证方案的工厂检查指南Japan Electrical Safety & Environment Technology Laboratories(JET)日本电气安全与环境技术实验室Factory Inspection Division工厂检查部门CONTENTSIfOIl~~OJtI)-------------------------------------------------3CII~]>TEIl----------------------------------------------------5 CII~Jl1L~1l 2 -------------------------------------------------8CII~]>1L~1l3 ------------------------------------------------13 CII~]>T~1l 4 ------------------------------------------------16CII~]>T~1l5 ------------------------------------------------17 CII)l]>T~1l 6 ------------------------------------------------22 CII)l]>1LEIl 7 ------------------------------------------------30 ~]>]>END IX 1 ---------------------------------.--------------37GUIDE TO FACTORY INSPECTIONOF THE JET PV MODULE CERTIFICATION SCHEME INTRODUCTION 引言This document introduces the Factory Inspection of the JET PVm Certification Scheme to the Applicant(after certified, referred to as "License Holder" ) and the Manufacturer.该文件介绍了JET光伏组件认证方案的申请人（认证后，简称“持证人”）和制造商的工厂检查The document consists of the following 7 chapters: 该文件包括以下7章Chapterl: Advice to Applicants (License Holders) and Manufacturers (for clients and the Factory Inspectors)章节1：给申请人（许可证持有人）和制造商的建议（为客户和工厂检查）Chapter2: Factory Inspection Procedures and Requirements (for clients and Factory Inspectors)章节2：工厂检查的流程和要求（对于客户和工厂检查员）Chapter3: Guidance to be completed JET' Factory Inspection Report Form (Section B: Questionnaires) by the Manufacturers (for clients)章节3：通过制造商（对于客户）完成JET工厂检查的报告表单（B部分：调查问卷）的指导Chapter4: Guidance to be completed JET's Factory Inspection Report Form (Section A: Request of inspection) by JET (for JET)章节4：通过JET（对于JET）完成JET工厂检查报告表单的指导（A部分：检查的要求）Chapter5: Guidance to be completed JET's PVm Factory Inspection (Technical Investigation) Form by the inspector (for clients and Factory Inspectors)章节5：通过检查员（对于客户和工厂检查员）完成JET工厂检查表单（技术调查）Chapter6: Guidance to be completed JET's Factory Inspection Report Form (for Factory Inspectors)章节6：（对于工厂检查员）完成JET工厂检查报告表单的指导Chapter7: Advice to factory inspector (for Factory Inspectors)章节7：对工厂检查员（对于工厂检查员）的建议Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 5 give advice and guidance to the Applicants and the Manufacturers who have to provide by themselves. 章节1，2，3和5给申请人和制造商提供自己的建议和指导。

华为智能PV产品保修和服务条款2021-9-13说明书

HUAWEI Smart PV Products Warranty and Service ConditionsDate：2021-08-031. Applicable ProductsThe warranty and service conditions covered in this document are applicable for the following Huawei Smart PV Products.Notice: For new products that are not listed in the below list, refer to the latest documents released by Huawei.2. Warranty PeriodThe default warranty period of the Smart PV products is as below, which can be extended subject to Huawei’s internal policy. The warranty and service conditions are also applicable to the warranty extension period.2.1 Warranty Specification for Smart String inverter and Auxiliary Product2.2 Warranty Specification for Smart String BatteryNotices:1. Battery warranty is defined as when the battery pack reaches the warranty period or the life cycledischarge is completed, the remaining capacity EOL meets the specification requirements, and the first comes into effect; the power module DCDC only involves the warranty period and has nothing to do with the battery performance. The battery pack and power module provide independent warranty.2. Capacity test conditions: at an ambient temperature of 25°C±3°C, after charging to 100% SOC, let it standfor 10 minutes, and discharge the tested battery cell at a set current of 0.2C to the discharge termination voltage, and record the amount of electricity released in the process.3. In order to remotely upgrade the latest firmware to ensure battery life, the battery is highly recommendedto connect to the Huawei FusionSolar SmartPV management system.4. After the battery is purchased, the installation needs to be completed within one month. If the battery fails,it needs to be reported within two weeks. The battery cell damage caused by the negligence of battery that cannot be charged for a long time is not covered by the warranty.5. The operation and service life of battery are related to the working temperature. Please install the batteryat a temperature equal to or better than the ambient temperature. The recommended working temperature for battery is 15~30℃.3. Warranty ServicesHuawei provides remote support andhardware support services for Huawei Smart PV Products.* Huawei will use commercially reasonable efforts to ship out a replacement part within two (2) business days after an RMA** (Return Material Authorization) is issued. Actual delivery time may vary, depending on site locations.** The RMA is the approval from Huawei to return defective or faulty units. The RMA number allows for tracking of the returned units.3.1 R emote SupportRemote Support means that Huawei provides solutions for technical enquiries or problems related to the Smart PV products under warranty by telephone or e-mail, including Help Desk and Remote Technical support.Help Desk provides technical support to Huawei’s customers for Smart PV Productsthrough email or hotlines below. Email: ********************;Hotlines: Below is a list of hotlines for different APAC countries or regions.0078036015234+80021686868 (IDD Toll Free, For Telkomsel)00780021686868Remote Technica l Support includes technical enquiry and problem handling services.The technical enquiry service provides consultation services in respect of Huawei Smart PV Products. The problem handling service is to provide solutions to customers for Smart PV Products-related problems.3.2 Hardware Support●Huawei Smart PV products that are defective in material, fabrication or workmanship or donot meet the published specifications shall be replaced free of charge.●If the delivery site is located in a remote island, customer is responsible for picking up thereplacement product from Huawei local warehouse. Customer is also responsible forpreparing the defective product (packed in the package from the replacement product) and returning defective product to Huawei local warehouse in 15 Business days.Additional charges may be incurred if the defective product is not returned in 15 Business Days after the replacement product is received by customer.●If the delivery site is not located in a remote island, Huawei is responsible for deliveringthe replacement product to a location that is agreed by Huawei and the customer. After receiving the replacement product, customer shall prepare the defective product (packed in the package from the replacement product) within 15 Business Days. Huawei is responsible for picking up the packed defective product from a location that is agreed by Huawei and the customer. Additional charges may be incurred if the defective product is not packed and prepared in 15 Business Days.●The original Spare part model, if no longer available, may be replaced with a similar Sparepart model. The replacement Spare part provided by Huawei will be functionally equivalent to the c ustomer’s defective product in terms of features, functions, and compatibility. The software version shall be by default. In no event shall Huawei refund the Purchaser in cash or in kind if Purchaser rejects to accept replacement with similar spare part model.●The warranty period of the replacement product shall follow the remainder of the originalproduct warranty period.4. DisclaimerAll above mentioned warranty and services only apply to Huawei Smart PV products, including inverters, SmartLoggers, Smart Dongles, SmartACU, ACBOX, Smart PV Optimizer, Smart Power Sensor and UPS.●Other accessories and consumable parts, including but not limited to cables andconnectors, are not covered by the warranty and services as above-mentioned.●Installers should pass certification exam and become Huawei authorized installer prior tocommencing Huawei product installation. The online exam can be accessed through https:///portal/exam/101603/about●If Huawei is unable to fulfill the service commitments within the committed period of timedue to non-Huawei causes, Huawei shall be exempted from responsibilities and related compensations.●Warranties and service conditions shall not apply to the following circumstances:Damage as a result of force majeure (natural disasters, fires and wars, etc.);Damage as a result of natural wear and tear;Direct damage caused by failure to meet system requirements, including but not limited to ambient environment or external electricity parameter settings, as stated in any written formats provided by Huawei;Damage due to improper system design, including insufficient lightning protection;D amage to hardware or data due to customer’s negligence, inappropri ate operationor intentional damage;Damage caused by non-compliance to the operation manual of the product;System damage caused by customer s’ or third parties’ non-compliance to Huawei’s requirements or instructions during installation or relocation of the system;Damage caused by adjustment, change or removal of identification marks not complied with Huawei’s requirements or instructions;Damage directly caused by non-Huawei related problems in customer’s premises.5. Huawei Service OrganizationHuawei has built up excellent service teams worldwide. To support the warranty and services related to Smart PV products, Huawei has a support organization and the process is described below.。

Xantrex Technology PV5208-PV30208三相208VAC脉宽调节电源转换系

PV – 5208, 10208, 15208, 20208 & 30208POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM FORGRID – TIED PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS TECHNICAL DESCRIPTIONXantrex Technology Inc.Distributed Industrial and Utility Markets161-G South Vasco RoadLivermore, CA 94550Phone: 925/245.5400Fax: 925/245.1022Revised May 20011.0 General System OverviewThis document describes Xantrex Technology’ PV5208 through PV30208 power conversion systems for grid-connected photovoltaic applications. These inverters incorporate the advanced, insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based power electronics technology developed by Xantrex Technology. The power conversion system consists of a three-phase, 208 VAC pulse-width-modulated inverter, switchgear (optionally supplied by Xantrex) for isolation and protection of the connected AC and DC power systems, and an isolation transformer (also, optionally supplied by Xantrex). The following technical specifications and diagram detail the components, operation, and interconnection of the system. A more detailed description of operation may be found in the operation and maintenance manual for each individual inverter design.2.0 InverterXantrex Technology manufactures a patented insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based power electronic inverter. There is presently over 2200 MW of installed capacity of Xantrex Technology inverters throughout the world in wind, solar photovoltaic, battery energy storage, industrial drive and stand-alone hybrid power system applications. The production and reliability history that has been established in this application is unique in the power conversion industry.HardwareInverter2.1The inverter is detailed on the attached block diagram at the end of thisdocument. Descriptions of operation of the major components are asfollow.2.1.1 Inverter Circuit and Capacitor BankThe inverter matrix utilizes IGBT technology as the main powersemiconductor-switching device. This technology exhibits both thehigh power levels and low conduction losses associated with bipolardevices, as well as the low switching losses and high switchingfrequencies associated with MOSFET devices. In addition, XantrexTechnology employs IPM (Intelligent Power Module) switchingTechnology. Together the IGBT and IPM offer protection logic forshort circuit, over temperature, DC overvoltage and ACover/undervoltage conditions.2.1.2 Integrated Bus Board (PV5208 through PV20208)The integrated bus board receives logic level timing signals from thedigital signal processor (DSP) board and converts these signals toIGBT switching states. Additionally, the integrated bus boardmonitors the condition of the IGBTs and reports fault conditions tothe DSP controller. The DSP is plugged directly into the integratedbus board and is designed to the industry standard specification PC–104.2.1.3 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) BoardThe DSP controller board utilizes a digital signal processor integratedchip to implement control and system monitoring functions. The DSPsoftware implements the peak power tracker function for optimizingthe power delivery from the PV array.The DSP commands the integrated bus board to issue the appropriate gating signal to the IGBTs, as determined from the digitized current and voltage waveforms at the inverter input and output, and by the control commands received through the operatorinterface. The DSP based control board communicates with the operator interface board via PC–104 bus.2.1.4 AC Line FilterThe AC line filter removes harmonic currents at the utility power system interconnection. Due the high switching frequency and the pulse-width-modulation (PWM) technique used with the inverter, thefilter is modest in size, and need only remove high frequency harmonic current components.2.1.5 Operator InterfaceThere are three means of operator interface with the PV series inverter family. An optional configuration (standard configuration onthe PV5208) consists of three LED lights and an on/off toggle switchlocated on the front door of the inverter. The LED lights indicate system status and detail any fault conditions. The two optional operator interfaces consist of a liquid crystal display and a graphicaluser interface (GUI) for use with an external computer. The on/off toggle switch is used to enable or disable inverter operation and clear fault conditions. It is included in all operator interface configurations.The standard PV series configuration (PV10208 through PV30208)consists of an LCD display and an on/off toggle switch located on thefront door of the inverter. It consists of a four-line text display, whichcontinuously reports system status, AC power, DC voltage, DC current, as well as any fault conditions.The optional GUI interface program may be used in conjunction witheither the LED or LCD display configurations. The GUI interface allows access via an RS-232 cable to the inverter system status, inverter controls, expanded details of operation (line currents, linevoltages, frequency, etc.), and user adjustable system operationparameters. Contact Xantrex Technology for further information.QualityPower2.2The state-of-the-art technology used in the Xantrex Technology inverterresults in exceptional power quality. The use of IGBT devices allows forhigh switching frequencies. The combination of the high switchingfrequencies and AC line filter produces high fidelity waveforms which arewell below the IEEE-519 recommended limits for total harmonic currentdistortion.Unlike line-commutated inverters, the Xantrex Technology inverter allowspower factor to be regulated precisely at unity, eliminating the need forexternal reactive power compensation.FeaturesSelf-Protective2.3The inverter has many built-in protective features to prevent or limit damageto the photovoltaic system, the inverter, and the utility distribution system inthe event of a component or system-level malfunction. These featuresprovide for orderly system shut-down without the need for many externalprotective devices. Among the features are:DeviceProtectionIGBT2.3.1IGBTs are protected by DC overvoltage, overcurrent andovertemperature functions. Setpoints for these functions are fixed atthe time of factory test, and can only be changed through thediagnostic port on the microprocessor controller inside the enclosure.2.3.2 Utility Voltage and Frequency Monitoring and ProtectionThe DSP controller constantly monitors the stability of the utilityvoltage waveform. If the waveform degrades beyond allowable limitsthe inverter will stop processing power and disconnect from theutility. Once stable utility voltage is restored for five minutes, the DSPwill automatically clear the fault and resume normal operation. Tripmagnitudes and time delays are user settable through the operatorinterface.Protection2.3.3IslandingUtilityDetection of islanding from the utility grid is achieved via ACover/undervoltage and over/underfrequency detection functions aswell as load destabilization algorithms in compliance with UL1741.Setpoints and time delays for some of these functions are fieldsettable through the graphical operator interface program. Settingsare password protected, requiring a certified technician to make anychanges to factory defaults.Protection2.3.4Additional• AC current unbalance detection to prevent single-phasing due toblown fuses• DC ground fault detection and annunciation resulting in anorderly inverter shutdown.Standards2.3.5The Trace family of photovoltaic inverters; PV5208 through PV20208is in compliance with IEEE519 and IEEE929 utility standards,Underwriters Laboratories (UL1741) and the National Electric Code(NEC). The PV30208 is pending UL1741 certification, due July 2001.Our facility is registered by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. under theInternational Organization for Standardization ISO9000.Considerations2.4EnvironmentalThe PV Series control hardware is housed in an outdoor rated NEMA4/3Rpolyester powder coated steel enclosure. The inverter may bemanufactured to tolerate an outdoor, exposed environment. However, werecommend protected, indoor installation to maximize the lifetime of theinverter.The PV Series should also be protected from harsh and corrosiveenvironments. The allowable temperature range of operation is -20 to 50°C.The PV Series should be allowed a 15 minute warm up period prior tooperations when powered up below 0°C.2.5 Summary of PV Series Inverter Specifications:PV5208 PV10208 PV15208 PV20208 PV30208AC Line InterfaceContinuous AC Output Power 5kW 10kW 15kW 20kW 30kWFull Load Efficiency Greater than 95% (see efficiency curve in section 8.0)Nominal Line Frequency 50/60 Hz +/- 0.5HzNominal Line Voltage 208Vac –12%, +10% (per UL1741 & IEEE929)Continuous AC Output15.2Aac 30.5Aac 45.8Aac 61.0Aac 91.6Aac CurrentPower Factor Unity +/-0.02AC Current Distortion Less than 5% Ithd, 3% IhdPV Array Configuration Monopole-Negative Grounded, Bipolar-Neutral Grounded, or FloatedMaximum PV Array Voltage 600VdcPV Peak Power Point Window 300* - 600Vdc*Minimum PV Peak PowerVoltage280 – 330Vdc dependant upon actual AC line voltage at inverterPV Array Maximum InputCurrent17.8Adc 35.7Adc 53.6Adc 71.4Adc 107.1Adc PV Ripple Current Less than 5%Operator InterfaceStandard Interface LED LCD LCD LCD LCDLED Display Three LED Display: Green, Yellow, and RedLCD Display 4 Line Liquid Crystal DisplayLDC Display Parameters Target StateOperating StateAC Output Power (kW)DC VoltageFault DescriptionsGraphical User Interface (optional)Operating Display ParametersOperating StateAC Power (kW)AC Line Voltages (Line–to-Line) AC Output Phase CurrentsPV DC VoltagePV DC Reference VoltageGround Fault Current Fault Codes and Descriptions Protective Function TargetsInverter StatusSerial Interface RS-232 DB9 Female Serial Cable to Computer COM1 PortUser Settable ParametersPV Start VoltagePeak Power Point Reference VoltagePV Shutdown PowerPeak Power Tracker Perturbation StepGround Current Fault ThresholdUtility Voltage & Frequency Trip Points*Utility Voltage & Frequency Time Delays* Protective FunctionsActive Protection FeaturesAC Line Over/Under VoltageDC Over VoltageAC Line AC Over CurrentInverter Over TemperatureIsland Detection/PreventionAC Line Over/Under Frequency EnvironmentalTemperature -20°C to +50°CRelative Humidity 90% Non-CondensingElevation Derated above 3300 feetEnclosure Rating NEMA4 Outdoor NEMA3R/4 Cooling Natural Forced Air ConvectionDimensions 20Hx16Wx13D 26Hx16Wx12D29Hx24Wx16D 52Hx26Wx19DWeight (Approximate) 75lbs 90lbs 175lbs 375lbs UL1741 Certification Yes PendingRegulatory Compliance NEC, IEEE519, IEEE929 *May only be adjusted by qualified personnel, with agreement from the local utility3.0 Control and InstrumentationMode3.1OperatingThe converter utilizes Xantrex Technology unique power tracking algorithmto operate in a power maximization mode to ensure there is sufficientirradiance at all times to overcome inverter losses. Inverter start-up occurswhen the PV open circuit DC input voltage rises above the user settablewake-up voltage. The inverter transitions back to the idle state for nightlyshutdown when losses exceed input power for user settable time period.The power-tracking algorithm includes the intelligence and rapid responsetime necessary to limit the DC input power to its design value. Cloudenhancement effects are handled within the algorithm by moving off of themaximum power point and remaining at the design rated power level. Thiseliminates the need for the source circuit dumping contactors, crowbarcircuits, and similar unreliable schemes used to protect other types ofinverters.3.2 LocalControlLocal control is implemented through an on/off toggle switch located on thefront door of the inverter. The switch enables or disables inverter operationand is used to clear fault conditions.3.3 Local Instrumentation (Optional)The following real-time system status parameters are available though theLCD operator interface:• AC Voltage• AC Output Current• PV Voltage• Converter Status and Alarm Descriptions3.4 Remote Control and Instrumentation (Optional)The DSP control board has provisions for installation of an RS-232communication link for interface to an external computer and graphical userinterface program. All local interface parameters, as well as additionaloperating parameters, status indicators, protective function targets, anduser-adjustable parameters are accessible through from the GUI interface.3.5 User Settable ParametersThe PV series operating parameters are factory set to be in compliancewith UL1741 and IEEE929, as well as to provide stable efficient operationwith most PV installations. Parameters may be adjusted via the optionalgraphical user interface. Some parameters related to utility protectionfunctions may only be adjusted by qualified personnel, with agreement fromthe local utility.4.0 Isolation Transformer (Required: Available from Xantrex Technology)An isolation transformer is required if local regulations require grounding of the PV system, or if the utility voltage is not 208 VAC. Due to the low level of harmonic distortion produced by the converter, a general purpose dry type transformer is suitable for this application. The transformer must have a 208 volt delta secondary winding, a primary winding rated to match the interconnect voltage, and any local utility interconnection requirements. An optional enclosed, molded-case, thermal-magnetic circuit breaker may be provided for transformer over-current protection.This breaker may serve as the utility disconnect, eliminating the requirement for the AC disconnect switch described above.Isolation transformers are available from Xantrex Technology. We commonly provide transformers with 208V delta (inverter side) to WYE rated at the utility interconnection voltage, 97-98% efficient, housed in a NEMA3R enclosure.Contact Xantrex Technology for other available transformer configurations.PV SeriesInverterWt. (lbs.)Isolation Transformer(Inches, typical) MountingTransformerWt. (lbs.)PV5208 75 19Hx16Wx9D Wall 130 PV10208 90 24H x 22.5W x 22D Floor 220PV15208 115 24H x 22.5W x 22D Floor 300PV20208 180 24H x 22.5W x 22D Floor 350PV30208 375 30H x 20W x 24D Floor 3505.0 AC and DC Disconnect Switches (Optional)Disconnect switches for isolating the inverter from AC and DC power sources are available from Xantrex Technology. These switches are rated for use with the inverter and PV applications. Fusible and non-fusible models are available. All Xantrex Technology supplied switches are NEMA3R outdoor rated, pad-lockable, and equipped with external operator handles. Contact Xantrex Technology for further information.6.0 Photovoltaic Combiner Boxes (Optional)Interface enclosures for paralleling multiple PV string circuits are available from Xantrex Technology. These devices have been listed under UL1741 and areNEMA3R outdoor rated. They are capable of paralleling up to 10 or 12 individual PV source circuits. Circuits may be protected with up to a 20 ampere, 600Vdc fuse. Diode equipped reverse-current protection models are also available. The 12 circuit model is equipped with ‘touch safe’ break apart fuse holders for additional personnel safety and protection. Contact Xantrex Technology for further information.Requirements7.0 MaintenanceRoutine maintenance requirements are minimal, consisting only of periodic inspection of the cooling fans, enclosure seals, and electrical connections.Graph8.0 EfficiencyInverter Schematic Block Diagram。