II. The Literature of Reason and Revolution

Part II. The Literature of Reason and RevolutionI. Fill in the blanks.1. The War of Independence lasted eight years till_____.2. The United States of America was founded in _____.3. Benjamin Franklin also edited the first colonial magazine, which he called _____.4. Benjamin Franklin' s best writing is found in his masterpiece ________ .5. Thomas Paine, with his natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion, was appropriately born into an age of____________ .6. On January 10, 1776, Thomas Paine's famous pamphlet ________ appeared.7. A series of sixteen pamphlets by Thomas Paine was entitled _____________ .8. Thomas Paine's second most important work_____________ was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy.9. The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was _____________ .10. Philip Freneau' s famous poem____________ was written about his imprisoned experience.11. ___________ was considered as the " poet of the American Revolution. "12. _________ has been called the "Father of American Poetry. "13.In 1791, probably with Thomas Jefferson's support, ___________ established in Philadelphia the National Gazette.14. In American literature, the eighteenth century was an Age of _________ and Revolution.15. The Calvinist beliefs brought about the Great Awakening during the 1730s and 1740s. _________ was the most influential among the believers.16. Jonathan Edwards' work Images or Shadows of Divine Things anticipated the nature symbolism of___________ in the 19th century.17. If we say Jonathan Edwards represents the upper levels of the American mind, _________ represents the lower levels.II. Decide whether the statements are true or false.1. The War of Independence lasted for eight years and ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic, that is, the United States of America.2. The War of Independence was a revolution, but it was the bourgeoisie that reaped its fruits. The rulers of the new state were hostile to the laboring peo-ple.3. At the initial period the spread of ideas of the American Enlightenment was largely due to journalism.4. Benjamin Franklin seemed to represent the age of reason and revolution in his paradoxical faith in both social order and in natural rights, in love of sta-bility and devotion to revolutionary change.5. Benjamin Franklin was a prose stylist whose writing reflected the neoclassic ideals of clarity, restraint, simplicity and balance.6. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the Enlightenment, the versatile, practical embodiment of rational man in the 18th century.7. In Philadelphia, Benjamin Franklin edited Pennsylvania Magazine, and contributed to Pennsylvania Journal.8. Common Sense boldly advocated a Declaration of Independence.9. For the pamphlet Common Sense, Thomas Paine was charged with treason and fled to France,10. Thomas Paine also edited the first colonial magazine The General Maga-zine.11. Philip Freneau was the most important writer in American poetry of the eighteenth century.12. American poetry of the eighteenth century has an imitative character, imita-ting the reigning English models of the eighteenth century.13. Philip Freneau was a close friend and political associate of President Thom- as Jefferson.14. Philip Freneau was once captured by the British and spent some time on a prison ship.15. Philip Freneau wrote impassioned verse in support of the American Revolu-tion.16. Like Thomas Paine, Philip Freneau was a strong supporter of the French Revolution.17. Philip Freneau was noteworthy first because of the nature of his poems. They were truly American and very patriotic. In this aspect, he reflected the spirit of his age.18. Philip Freneau was neoclassical by training and taste yet romantic in essen-tial spirit.19. Most American literature in the eighteenth century was political.20. During the 1770s no one in America could claim to be a professional novelist, poet, or playwright.III. Make multiple choices.1. In American literature, the eighteenth century was the age of the Enlightenment. _________ was the dominant spirit.A. HumanismB. RationalismC. RevolutionD. Evolution2. In American literature, the Enlighteners were opposed to ________ .A. the colonial orderB. religious obscurantismC. the Puritan traditionD. the secular literature3. The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted____________ in 1776.A. the Declaration of IndependenceB. the Sugar ActC. the Stamp ActD. the Mayflower Compact4. Which statement about Benjamin Franklin is not true?A. He instructed his countrymen as a printer.B. He was a scientist.C. He was a master of diplomacy.D. He was a Puritan.5. The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of___________ .A. Thomas HoodB. Benjamin FranklinC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington6. Which of the following stirred the world and helped form the American republic?A. The American CrisisB. The FederalistC. Declaration of IndependenceD. The Waste Land7. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the____________ .A. American EnlightenmentB. Sugar ActC. Chartist movementD. Romanticist8. From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous __________ , an annual collection of proverbs.A. The AutobiographyB. Poor Richard's AlmanacC. Common SenseD. The General Magazine9. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?A. Common SenseB. The American CrisisC. Pennsylvania MagazineD. The Autobiography10. Choose the works written by Thomas Paine.A. Rights of ManB. The Age of ReasonC. Agrarian JusticeD. Common SenseE. The American Crisis1l. The first pamphlet published in America to urge immediate independence from Britain is__________ .A. The Rights of ManB. Common SenseC. The American CrisisD. Declaration of Independence12. "These are the times that try men' s souls", these words were once read to George Washington' s troops and did much to shore up the spirits of the revolu-tionary soldiers. Who is the author of these words?A. Benjamin FranklinB. Thomas JeffersonC. Thomas PaineD. George Washington13. Which statement about Philip Freneau is true?A. He was a satirist.B. He was a pamphleteer.C. He was a poet.D. He was a bitter polemicist.14. Which poem is not written by Philip Freneau?A. The British Prison ShipB. The Wild Honey SuckleC. The Indian Burying GroundD. The Day of Doom15. Who was considered as the "Poet of American Revolution"?A. Michael WigglesworthB. Edward TaylorC. Anne BradstreetD. Philip Freneau16. It was not until January 1776 that a widely heard public voice demanded com-plete separation from England. The voice was that of________ , whose pamphlet Common Sense, with its heated language, increased the growing de-mand for separation.A. Thomas PaineB. Thomas JeffersonC. George WashingtonD. Patrick Henry17. During the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the____________ .A. Chartist MovementB. Romanticist MovementC. Enlightenment MovementD. Modernist Movement18. Thomas Jefferson' s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call _________ .A. Age of EvolutionB. Age of ReasonC. Age of RomanticismD. Age of Regionalism19. __________ carries the voice not of an individual but of a whole people. It is more than writing of the Revolutionary period, it defined the meaning of the American Revolution.A. Common SenseB. The American CrisisC. Declaration of IndependenceD. Defence of the English People20. Benjamin Franklin shaped his writing after the______________ of the English es-sayists Joseph Addison and Richard Steele.A. Spectator PapersB. WaldenC. NatureD. The Sacred WoodIV. Identify the fragments.Passage OneThese are the times that try men' s souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman. Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly—This dearness only that gives everything its value. Heaven knows how to put a proper price upon its goods.Questions:1) Which book is this passage taken from?2) Who is the author of this book?3) Whom is the author praising? Whom is the author criticizing?4) What do you think of the language?Passage TwoWhen in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature' s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of man-kind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separa-tion.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are endowed by their Cre-ator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pur-suit of Happiness? That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it.Questions:1) Which work is this passage taken from?2) What truths are self-evident? What is the purpose of government, and when should a government be replaced?Passage ThreeIn a branch of willow hidSings the evening Caty-did:From the lofty locust boughFeeding on a drop of dew,In her suit of green array' dHear her singing in the shadeCaty-did, Caty-did, Caty-did!Questions:1) Who is the writer of these verses?2) What is the title of this lyrical poem?3) What is a "Caty-did"?V. Analyze the main works.1. Analyze The American Crisis.2. Analyze Declaration of Independence.。