英语写作常识
英语中的书信基本常识
英语中的书信基本常识书信是人们在日常生活和工作中常用的一种书面交流方式。
无论是与朋友、家人还是与商业伙伴之间的交流，书信都是一种有效的沟通工具。
对于学习英语的人来说，了解书信的基本常识是非常重要的。
本文将介绍英语中书信的基本格式、写作技巧和常用的书信用语。
一、书信的基本格式在写英语书信时，有一些基本的格式要求需要遵循。
下面是英语书信的常见格式：1.日期（Date）：书信的头部需要写明日期，通常位于信纸的右上角。
日期的格式可以选择不同的写法，比如英国习惯使用"23rd April, 2022"，而美国则常用"April 23, 2022"。
2.称呼（Salutation）：在书信的开头，需要写明收信人的称呼。
如果你知道对方的姓名，可以使用"Dear Mr./Ms. + 姓名"的格式。
如果不知道对方的姓名，可以使用"Dear Sir/Madam"或者"To whom it may concern"。
3.正文（Body）：书信的正文是表达主要内容的部分。
正文一般分为多个段落，每个段落都应该有一个明确的主题。
段落之间可以使用空行进行分隔。
4.结尾（Closing）：书信的结尾需要写明发信人的称呼和署名。
常用的结尾用语包括"Sincerely"、"Yours faithfully"和"Best regards"，根据与收信人的关系和写作目的选择合适的用语。
5.签名（Signature）：在结尾的下方，需要留出足够的空间给发信人签名。
签名可以直接在纸上签字，也可以打印发信人的姓名。
二、书信的写作技巧除了遵循书信的基本格式，书信的写作还需要一些技巧：1.明确写作目的：在写信之前，要先明确写作目的和所要传达的信息。
这有助于你选择合适的语气和用词。
2.简洁明了：书信的语言要简洁明了，避免使用过于复杂的句子和词汇。
英语写作：写英文邮件的一点常识
英语写作：写英文邮件的一点常识英语写作：写英文邮件的一点常识无论在申请过程和小米们(Admission officer)的勾肩搭背，还是正式入学之后和tutor的邮件往来中，关于Formal letter和informal letter是国内中学英语教育很少去提及的部分，英语老师也很少会讲这个点，这里我只是说下这两种英文邮件的区别，起码大家格调定好了再写Email的时候不会给人无礼或不懂规矩的.感觉。
一.Informal letter（非正式信函）:1.Beginning(开头):Dear + first name2.Friendly greeting(寒暄):I hope this letter finds you well.3.Contractions(写缩写):I'm, didn't, couldn't, there's...4.Questions(丢出问题):Do you remember...? Why don't you...?5.Exclamation(感叹):...earlier than I thought it was!6.Linking(连接词可以口语化):Well, Anyway, so, and7.Phrases(短语可以口语化):had a great time, couldn't have asked for, working flat out, back to normal8.Ending(结尾):Hope to see you soon + first name二.Formal letter(正式信函):1.Beginning(开头):Dear Sir or Madam2.No greeting necessary(不用寒暄)3.No contractions(不准用缩写):I am, did not...4.Normally avoid direct questions(问问题要客气):"I would like" instead of "Can I have?"5.No exclamation marks( 不要用惊叹号)6.Linking(连接词不要口语化):However, Consequently, and, also7.Phrases and vocabulary(用词稍高级):with regard to, appliance, it was installed, the following day, failed to (meaning "didn't"), procedure, he assured me, report the issue, contacted, under warranty, I am entitled to, replacement, phone me personally8.Ending(结尾):I await your prompt response,Yours faithfully + full name从上面可以看出来，大家申请过程中肯定基本都是写Formal letter的，所以用词需要规矩一些，和tutor的话，看亲密程度，熟悉的可以用informal letter，不熟悉的还是用formal letter以示对老师尊重。
[英语作文]「英语写作素材」关于知识的18个名言警句
![[英语作文]「英语写作素材」关于知识的18个名言警句](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7000f4c02f60ddccdb38a030.png)
[英语作文]「英语写作素材」关于知识的18个名言警句「英语写作素材」关于知识的18个名言警句导语：我们每天都在吸收知识，那知识对我们来说除了应对考试还有其它什么作用呢?来看看那些名人们是怎么说的吧!1. Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
2. Wisdom is better than gold or silver.知识胜过金银。
3. Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.胸中有知识，胜于手中有钱。
4. Learn wisdom by the follies of others.从旁人的`愚行中学到聪明。
5. It is good to learn at another man’s cost.前车可鉴。
6. Wisdom is to the mind what health is to the body.知识之于精神，一如健康之于肉体。
7. Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。
8. Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.经验是知识之父，记忆是知识之母。
9. Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
10. Experience keeps a dear school, but fools learn in no other.经验学校学费高，愚人旁处学不到。
11. Experience without learning is better than learning without experience.有经验而无学问，胜于有学问而无经验。
12. Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
13. Wisdom is a good purchase though we pay dear for it.为了求知识，代价虽高也值得。
英语书信的基本常识
英语书信的基本常识由之前英语常用应用文的分类来看，基本上我们接触的常用应用文主要是书信类。
书信的具体写法格式，中文同英文是有很大差别的。
因此了解英文书信的一些常识性东西是十分必要的。
1.信头(heading)英语书信的信头包括发信人的地址和发信的具体日期两部分。
信头放在信纸的右上角，一般分行写出。
要先写发信人地址，再写发信的日期。
写发信地址时依据从小到大的原则，即：先写门牌号码、街道名或路名，再写区(县)及所在市名称，然后是省或州、郡名称，最后再写上国家的名称。
日期的顺序是先写月份再写哪一日然后是年份。
需写邮政编码，邮政编码写在城市名称后边，用逗号隔开。
信头不能越过信纸中间而写到信纸的左上面。
另外需要注意的是，通常在写地址时，第一行写门牌号和街名，第二行写地区名，第三行是日期。
一般信头每行末不用标点符号，但每行中间应用的标点不可少，城区名和邮政编码之间，日月和年份之间要用逗号隔开。
信头一般不要写得太高，信头的上面要留些空白。
信头的书写格式有两种：并列式和斜列式。
所谓并列式是指信头各行开头上下排列整齐。
而所谓斜列式是下一行开头较上一行的开头向右移一至两个字母的位置。
如：并列式：6pparkave.newyork;ny11215,u..a.december1，1999斜列式：6pparkave.newyork,ny11215,u..adecember1,1993。
2.信内地址(inideaddre)信内地址包括收信人的姓名称呼和地址两部分。
社交的私人信件信内地址是省略的。
信内地址的位置位于信头的左下方，它的开始行低于信头的结尾行，位于信纸中央的左边。
信内地址先写收信人的头衔和姓名，再写地址，地址排列次序同信头一样。
信内地址的书写格式也有两种：并列式和斜列式。
一般来讲，信头和信内地址所用的格式总是保持一致的。
标点符号的使用也与信头一样。
关于信内地址对收信人的头衔和姓名的称呼一般有以下几种情况：无职称的男子用mr.(加姓)已婚的女子用mr.(加女子丈夫的姓)未婚的女子用mi婚姻状况不明的女子用m.博士或医生用dr.(doctor)有教授职称的用prof.(profeor)总经理、校长、会长、总统用pre.(preident)。
英语写作：句子
句子一、句子的基本常识1．英文的基本句型1）主+系+表：I am a university student./I feel proud of myself./The leaves turn green when spring comes.2）主+动+（状）：I study very hard./I have prepared for the TEM-4 for a long time.3）主+动+宾：I read English books./I’ve memorized all the words in the word list.4）主+动+宾+宾：Prof. Kang gave me a lot of assignments every day./I wrote my teacher a letter yesterday.5）主+动+宾+补：The little boy found the box empty./We’ll make our country greener and more beautiful.2．英文句子的特性Unity; Coherence, Conciseness; Emphasis; Variety二．作文中常见的有关句子方面的问题1、句式的口语化口语化的特点在句型上表现为简单句的比例远远超过复杂句和复合句。
A . 句型多样化句型多样化指在语法正确、结构完整的前提下，根据句意使句式富有变化，生动活泼，重点突出，以增加文章的“闪光点”。
写作时如果只用主语+谓语+宾语的简单形式，就会使文章因句式简单而显得平淡枯燥。
例如：Many people watch television. They spend so much time in front of it. They never really experience their own lives.这几个句子读起来简单乏味，句子之间缺乏必要的联系，但如果适当地将各句连接起来，改为Many people spend so much time in front of television that they never really experienced their own lives.就会使之更生动一些。
写英语文章的第一要点-不要用第一人称(我,我们)_写作指导
写英语文章的第一要点:不要用第一人称(我,我们)_写作指导写英语文章的第一要点:不要用第一人称(我,我们)分享一个我自己的真实的经历.当年我在把硕士毕业论文草稿交给导师(dr.farley)审阅的时候,心里还是满自信的.一则本人当年靠自学考了600分的托福,当时在工厂全职上班,没有参加任何的英语培训班,所以自认为还是有实力的.再则我在写了论文第一稿以后还特地请了几个美国本科生看了一下,把发现的语法问题都改掉了.所以当时的心态是等着导师夸奖呢审阅的结果当然是大跌我的眼镜,因为差不多每页都被导师改动过了.仔细看看,发现问题主要就出在文章中出现了太多的第一人称(我,我们).直到这时我才明白在正式文章中要少用或不用第一人称,而尽量用第三人称和被动语态例如,如果在论文中要说明我们用法拉第杯来收集离子流,不要用"we used a faraday cup to collect ions",而要用"ions were collected through a faraday cup"来表述四年之后,当我把我的博士论文草稿交给导师审阅后,他和我说他感到很惊奇,因为几乎没有什么需要改动的地方.我当时颇为得意,在心中嘀咕了一句:因为聪明人是不需要教两遍的.很多年过去了,我一直受益于当年导师教的这个写文章的方法.现在拿出来和大家分享,希望能有更多的人能从中受益.又想起了那句话:聪明人是不需要教两遍的!呵呵...写英语文章的第一要点:不要用第一人称(我,我们) 相关内容:提高文字综合写作水平政府办公室的文字综合工作，主要是把政府方方面面的工作情况、存在问题、政策措施加以汇总、提炼和加工后，形成全面、翔实、系统、操作性强的综合文字材料，供领导参阅和部门、单位遵照执行，是政府文字工作的司令部和总枢纽。
试用员工转正尊敬的人事部：我于二○○四年六月二十五日进入公司，根据公司的需要，目前担任xxx一职，负责总经办内勤管理工作。
英语写作基础知识普及
英语写作基础第一章英语写作常识与规范第一节标点符号1．顿号“、”英语没有顿号，一般用逗号取代。
如:This kind of machine is widely used in India, Russia，the U。
S.A。
and China。
(这种机器在印度、俄罗斯、美国、中国广泛应用.)2．书名号汉语书名号为《》，表示书籍、报刊等名称。
英语中不用书名号，而是用斜体字表示,以区别于印刷体；但打字或书写时，因没有斜体字，便在书名或刊名下划一横线。
例如：I often read the newspaper——-New York Times。
（我经常阅读《纽约时报》这份报纸。
)3．句号英语的句号是是实心的小圆点，即“。
”，常用于陈述句和祈使句之后。
而汉语的句号是空心圆圈，即“。
”。
4．冒号英语中的冒号一般只用来对主句进行说明、引申、解释等等，汉语中除有上述相似用法外,更多用于直接引语的说明及一般函件的开头语.例如:The year is divided into four seasons: spring，summer，autumn and winter。
(一年分为四季：春、夏、秋、冬.）5. 逗号“,”在英语中，引起直接引语的说明以及一般函件开头的称呼语等一类用语后都用逗号，而不象汉语那样用冒号。
（但美国用冒号）。
逗号是英文写作中最常用的标点符号.对中国学生而言,也是最容易出错的地方。
因为以中国人写作的思维，只要一句话意思没完,便要用逗号，而对于英文写作，只要句子结构完整便要用句号.例如：逗号误用：I set out for the biggest bookstore in town, at the school gate I saw a girl of my class, she was going there，too, we decided to go together, we walked，the bookstore was not far away。
高考英语作文热点话题(传统文化了解中国) 附范文
高考英语作文热点话题(传统文化了解中国) 附范文01热点：传统文化艺术中华饮食：茶近几年，高考英语写作多次出现对中国传统文化的考查，例如唐诗、剪纸等。
所以，在备考复习时，可以多在这个主题上下些功夫！【题目要求】假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack发来邮件，想了解中国茶文化常识。
现在请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：1. 中国茶文化简介；2. 饮茶的好处；3. 邀请他来中国体验茶文化。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 邮件开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【优秀范文】Dear Jack,I’m glad to hear from you. And now I’m very happy to share something about Chinese tea culture in reply to your last e-mail.Chinese tea culture started about 4,000 years ago and drinking tea gradually became an amazing tradition. In China, people drink tea almost everywhere and in most of their spare time. Some Chinese believe that tea benefits people’s health a lot. Drinking a cup of tea makes people relaxed and refreshed. Others treat guests or friends to tea drinking in social communication.Probably, you’ve got a general picture of tea culture after my introduction. Then, how about coming to China to experience it yourself? Maybe, you will fall in love with it.Yours,Li Hua02热点：走进中国走进中国伴随着中国日益国际化，越来越多的外国人正在走进中国，也有很多国际友人希望更多地了解中国。
英语写作注意事项和禁忌
英语写作注意事项和禁忌
以下是一些英语写作时需要注意的事项和禁忌：
注意事项：
1. 语法和拼写：确保使用正确的语法和拼写。
注意主谓一致、时态、冠词、介词等基本语法规则。
在完成写作后，仔细检查拼写错误。
2. 连贯性和逻辑性：保持文章的连贯性和逻辑性。
使用过渡词和连接词来连接段落和句子，使文章流畅易懂。
3. 段落组织：合理组织段落，每个段落应有一个主题句，并围绕该主题展开论述。
确保段落之间的过渡自然。
4. 词汇选择：选择适合文章主题和受众的词汇。
避免过度使用复杂或生僻的词汇，尽量使用准确、简洁的词汇来表达意思。
5. 引用和参考：如果引用了他人的观点、数据或研究成果，务必注明出处。
遵循适当的引用格式。
禁忌：
1. 避免抄袭：严禁抄袭他人的作品。
尊重知识产权，坚持原创性。
2. 避免过度使用缩略语和俚语：除非在特定的领域或文体中是常见的，否则应避免过度使用缩略语和俚语。
3. 避免冗长和复杂的句子：保持句子简洁明了，避免过多的修饰语和从句。
复杂的句子结构可能导致理解困难。
4. 避免文化和性别歧视：注意避免使用带有文化或性别歧视的语言。
5. 避免过度使用被动语态：尽量使用主动语态，使文章更直接、生动。
英语写作需要注意语法、拼写、连贯性、段落组织和词汇选择等方面。
避免抄袭、过度使用缩略语和俚语，以及文化和性别歧视。
不断练习和提高写作技巧，阅读优秀的英语文章，以提升自己的写作水平。
连词英语词汇大全帮助你连接句子使文章更加连贯
连词英语词汇大全帮助你连接句子使文章更加连贯连词是英语中连接句子、从句或短语的重要词汇，它们起到了使文章更加连贯的作用。
本文将为您介绍一些常用的连词，帮助您提升写作的连贯性。
一、并列连词1. and：表示“和”的关系，连接同类事物或并列的动作。
例如：I like reading and swimming.（我喜欢读书和游泳。
）2. but：表示转折或对比关系，连接两个互相排斥的事实或观点。
例如：He is rich but not happy.（他富有但不快乐。
）3. or：表示选择关系，用于给出不同的选项。
例如：You can have tea or coffee.（你可以喝茶或咖啡。
）4. so：表示结果或因果关系，用于引出某种结果。
例如：He studied hard, so he passed the exam.（他努力学习，所以考试通过了。
）5. for：表示原因或解释关系，引导解释或说明原因。
例如：She is smart, for she studies a lot.（她很聪明，因为她学习很多。
）6. yet：表示转折关系，起到“然而”或“但是”的作用。
例如：He is young, yet he is very talented.（他年轻，但非常有才华。
）二、因果连词1. because：引导原因状语从句，表示某事发生的原因。
例如：He couldn't come because he was sick.（他因为生病所以不能来。
）2. since：引导原因状语从句，表示某事发生的原因。
例如：She has been here since morning.（早上以来她一直在这里。
）3. as：引导原因状语从句，表示某事发生的原因。
例如：As it was raining, we stayed at home.（因为下雨，我们呆在家里。
）三、递进连词1. furthermore：表示更进一步的观点或补充信息。
英语作文20个热点话题+满分范文
英语作文20个热点话题+满分范文热点预测1：健康生活1.网瘾中国社会近些年一直提倡健康生活方式，但网瘾普遍存在于青少年之中，对其学习和生活都造成了很大不良影响！题目要求：假设你是李华，你在美国夏令营认识的朋友Mike给你来信说他最近沉迷于电脑难以控制。
请你给他回一封信，告诉他网瘾可能会导致成绩下降、健康状况恶化、损害家庭关系等问题，并提出一些建议。
参考词汇：沉溺于be/become addicted to 网瘾：Internet addiction 优秀范文：Dear Jack,I am glad to hear from you. As your close friend, I’d like to talk about the harm of Internet addiction to you as I feel worried to know that you have wasted lots of valuable time playing the Internet games.As we know, the Internet is a convenient tool to improve our knowledge and skills. However, our life will be greatly affected if we are addicted to it. For example your grades may go down and your health will be going from bad to worse. To make things worse, it can also damage the relationship with your family. So I think it is high time that you got rid of the bad habit. It is a good idea for you to read some meaningful books and do some physical exercise.I am looking forward to hearing your good news soon．Yours,Li Hua 2.健康生活——拒为低头族伴随着互联网日益深入人们的生活，低头一族诞生并不断增加，公交车、地铁等公共场合到处都是低头看手机者的身影，手机已经成为低头族身体的一部分。
(完整word版)大学英语写作教程重点
1.段落解释：is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has :eachidea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topicit explores the main idea explicitly andconcretely,with plenty of details,examples,and explanations3.has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness.4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unityis by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish5.标题句 the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence6.第二个写作常识In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step8．第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentenceshelp readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected —that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means1第四个写作常识：Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness.2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence.3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea.4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法)：As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance. 5第五个写作常识：Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial.6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序)：In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence.7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序)：A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another.9第六个写作常识：The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on.10段落展开方式：Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.11Development by Comparison and Contrast (比较和对比)：①a comparison shows how two or more things are alike; ②a contrast shows how they are different.12Development by Division and Classification (分类法和归类法)：Dividing and classifying information is central to the writing process. When we divide, we begin with a whole, a complete body of information or one idea, and break it into its parts. When we classify, we begin with many small observations and sort them into categories on the basisof their similarities.13第七个写作常识：Causal analysis involves the ability to see cause and effect relationships between two elements. In order to arrive at a cause, we need to distinguish among three kinds: necessary, sufficient and contributory.14第八个写作常识：Definitions are particularly important for limiting the intended meaning of abstract or technical terms. There are two types of definition: formal definition and extended definition. Formal definition includes the term itself, the class it belongs to, and the details that distinguish it from other items in its class.15第九个写作常识：As we have seen, a single paragraph often contains more than one type of development. Almost any kind of paragraph may include examples or illustrations. The important thing is to avoid switching abruptly and apparently without reason from one kind of development to another in the middle of a paragraph.16第十个写作常识：The introduction is probably the most important part of an essay. The introduction should agree in tone and style with the rest of the essay. It should be a natural part of it, not a different construction grafted on the top.。
英语写作中的论证和举例方法
英语写作中的论证和举例方法英语写作中的论证和举例方法是有效表达思想观点的重要手段。
本文将从理论角度探讨论证和举例的含义、作用、方法及应用场景，旨在帮助读者提升英语写作能力。
一、论证方法在英语写作中，论证是表达观点和支持主张的关键。
一种常用的论证方法是演绎法。
演绎法通过分析推理，从一般原理或前提推导出具体结论，以确立观点的有效性。
例如，“所有人都会死去，因为人是有限的，生老病死是人生的规律。
”另一种论证方法是归纳法。
归纳法通过总结、归纳具体事例或实证数据，从而支持某种观点或提供有力证据。
“过去十年里，科技发展迅猛，人们的生活水平明显提高，这说明科技进步对社会发展的促进作用不可忽视。
”二、举例方法举例是通过具体事例来说明和支持观点的方法。
举例可以使文章更加生动、具体，帮助读者更好地理解和接受作者的观点。
以下是几种常用的举例方法。
1. 用事例解释概念：当遇到较为抽象的概念或理论时，可以通过恰当的事例来解释，并使概念更加易于理解。
例如，在讨论环保意识时，可以提到某个国家利用可再生能源大幅度减少污染并取得巨大经济效益的事例。
2. 比较对比：通过比较不同事例之间的异同，加深对观点的认同。
例如，在讨论是否应该晚上开放图书馆时，可以比较不同图书馆在晚上开放后的借书量及读者满意度。
3. 引用权威：引用权威人士的观点或实证研究结果，可以提升自身观点的说服力。
例如，在讨论健康饮食时，可以引用世界卫生组织发布的研究结果。
4. 使用个人故事：通过讲述自己或他人真实的个人经历，使读者更容易与作者产生情感共鸣，并认同作者的观点。
例如，在讨论青年创业成功的关键因素时，可以使用某位年轻企业家的创业经历。
三、应用场景与注意事项论证和举例方法可以灵活运用于不同类型的英语写作中，如议论文、说明文、小说等。
在运用论证和举例方法时，需要注意以下几点。
1. 逻辑严密：论证中要注意逻辑合理性，确保推理过程符合常识和逻辑原则，不能出现因果关系混淆、无中生有等情况。
英语写作常识
Noun form：
steady drop or sharp rise peak or dramatic fall or sharp drop
Verbal form：
（to） bottom out or （to） reach the bottom or （to） increase gradually or （to） reach a plateau or （to） remain steady
1. Verb+Adverb form
The number of XXX
+increase or jump or rise or decrease or drop or fall or fluctuate……
+insignificantly or significantly or slightly or suddenly or rapidly or dramatically or sharply or steeply or steadily or gradually or slowly……
According to the table or chart diagram or graph
As （is）shown in the table or chart dcan be seen from the table or chart or diagram or graph or figures，
It is apparent from the figures or statistics
table or chart or diagram or graph figures （that）……
table or chart or diagram or graph shows or describes or illustrates how
单招常识英语知识大全汇总
单招常识英语知识大全汇总为了帮助广大考生更好地备考单招英语考试，本文将详细介绍单招常识英语知识大全，包括语法、词汇、阅读理解、写作等各个方面的内容。
一、语法知识（Grammar）1. 时态（Tenses）：- 现在简单时态（Simple Present）：表示经常性的动作或事实。
- 现在进行时态（Present Continuous）：表示现在正在进行的动作。
- 过去简单时态（Simple Past）：表示过去发生的动作。
- 过去进行时态（Past Continuous）：表示过去某一时间段正在进行的动作。
- 将来时态（Future Tense）：表示将来要发生的动作。
2. 语态（Voice）：- 被动语态（Passive Voice）：把动作的承受者放在动作的前面，强调动作的接受者。
- 主动语态（Active Voice）：把动作的执行者放在动作的前面，强调动作的执行者。
3. 从句（Clauses）：- 定语从句（Adjective Clause）：修饰一个名词或代词的从句。
- 名词性从句（Noun Clause）：在句子中充当名词的从句。
- 状语从句（Adverbial Clause）：在句子中充当状语的从句。
4. 并列连词（Coordinating Conjunctions）：- and：与、和- or：或者- but：但是5. 介词（Prepositions）：- in：在……里面- on：在……上面- at：在……处- with：和……一起二、词汇知识（Vocabulary）1. 动词（Verbs）：- get：得到- go：去- make：制作- see：看见2. 名词（Nouns）：- book：书籍- game：游戏- time：时间- work：工作3. 形容词（Adjectives）：- good：好的- bad：坏的- happy：快乐的- sad：悲伤的4. 副词（Adverbs）：- well：好地- slowly：慢慢地- often：经常地- never：从不5. 代词（Pronouns）：- I：我- you：你- he：他- she：她三、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）1. 主旨大意题（Main Idea）：根据文章的内容选择最能概括全文的选项。
英语写作万能句
英语写作万能句英语写作是英语学习的重要组成部分，通过写作，我们可以锻炼自己的语言表达能力，扩展词汇量，并提高逻辑思维能力。
在英语写作中，使用一些万能句子可以帮助我们更好地表达自己的观点和想法。
本文将给出一些常用的英语写作万能句，并分别说明它们的用途以及翻译。
1. It is well known that... (众所周知，…)这是开头的常用句子，用于引出一个常识或普遍认可的观点，可以使文章更加客观和权威。
2. There is no doubt that... (毫无疑问，…)这个句子用于表达自己的坚定观点，强调自己对某个事实或观点的确信。
3. It cannot be denied that... (不可否认，…)这个句子用于表达一种无可置疑的事实或观点，加强自己的论证力度。
4. It is universally acknowledged that... (普遍认为，…)这个句子用于下定义或陈述一个被大多数人认可的事实或观点。
5. It is generally believed that... (一般认为，…)这个句子用于表达大多数人的看法或观点，但也可以用来引出自己的意见。
6. Many people claim that... (很多人声称，…)这个句子用于引用他人的观点或看法，并预示自己将以某种方式对其进行解释或评估。
7. According to statistics... (根据统计数据，…)这个句子用于引用一些数据或统计数字，加强自己的论证力度，并使文章更加有说服力。
8. It is a common belief that... (普遍相信，…)这个句子用于引入一种普遍认可的观点或信念，加强自己的论证力度。
9. From my point of view... (从我的角度来看，…)这个句子用于表达自己的观点或看法，并提供自己的论据和理由。
10. It is widely accepted that... (广泛认可，…)这个句子用于陈述一种被广泛接受的观点或信念，加强自己的论证力度。
英语作文常识
英语作文常识一、引言在学习英语的过程中，写作是一个很重要的部分，尤其是英语作文。
英语作文不仅考察了学生的语言表达能力，还考察了学生的逻辑思维能力和文字组织能力。
因此，掌握英语作文的常识对于提高英语水平、提高写作能力非常重要。
二、基本结构英语作文一般由三个部分构成：开头、中间内容和结尾。
在开头部分，需要引入话题，引起读者的兴趣；中间内容部分要展开讨论、提出论点并加以论证；结尾部分要对文章进行总结，给读者留下深刻的印象。
三、常用句型1.表达观点：In my opinion, I firmly believe that, From my point of view,It is widely accepted that2.举例子：For example, Such as, As a case in point, Let me illustratewith an example3.总结观点：In conclusion, To sum up, Therefore, In a nutshell四、常见错误在写英语作文时，有一些常见的错误需要避免，例如语法错误、用词不当、逻辑混乱等。
为了避免这些错误，需要多加练习，多听多读，提高英语综合能力。
五、提高写作能力的方法1.多读英语文章：阅读是提高英语写作能力的有效途径，通过阅读，可以积累词汇和表达方式，提高写作水平。
2.多写作文：多练习写作是提高写作能力的有效方法，通过不断练习，可以熟练掌握表达方式，加深对语言的理解。
3.学习范文：学习优秀的范文可以帮助我们理解写作的结构和方法，提高写作水平。
六、结语通过学习英语作文的常识，我们可以更好地提高自己的写作能力，更准确地表达自己的思想。
希望大家在写作的过程中能够不断提升，取得更好的成绩。
以上就是关于英语作文常识的介绍，希望对大家有所帮助。
如果您想了解更多关于英语写作的内容，可以继续学习和积累经验。
祝大家学习进步！。
Generic conventions 文类传统—其重要性和类型 英语作文 写作常识
Generic conventions – Itsimportance and types文类传统—其重要性和类型Hey guys! Want a basic guide to boosting your creativity? Well, here it is. Most of us love to read short stories or novels and watching movies or plays etc. But, only a few are interested in the process of their making. There are multiple elements which make creation perfect and generic conventions are one of them.This article will tell you everything about the generic conventions. If you are a student trying to master the concept you can also go for assignment help and perform better.Meanwhile, we can have a discussion over the generic conventions and their usage. I am detailing the below-mentioned things for you in this article:-What are the generic conventions?-What are the types of generic conventions?The generic conventionsThere is nothing tough to understand when it comes to generic conventions. All of us have seen movies and read stories, at least once in our lives. Just recall any story which you liked the most or which comes to your mind right now. Think a little bit and try to memorize what made you connect to the characters.Try to remember what made you relate to the background of the story. How did you come to know about the lives of the characters? What made you feel their feelings?Have you got any answers?There must be some elements which made you do all the above-listed things. For instance, if you just recalled a horror movie, there may be an advert of bad weather, say a breezy evening with dark clouds. There may be dead people or some kind of supernatural existence. They made the viewers feel the horror of the story. This is what generic conventions are.Generic conventions definitionGeneric conventions are elements which help the reader or viewer to identify the genre and relate to it. You can also consider them as the features expressed by the texts which allow them to be placed into a particular genre. If you are a student of arts or literature, you need to be aware of the generic conventions. They are immensely important for the makers of a movie or play or a story and for the audience as well.Want to know why?Well, the basic reason for which the generic conventions are important to the audience is that they can identify the genre of the text easily. Thus, they can make a better choice regarding continuing with the text or not. For the makers, generic conventions are also important. Because of these conventions, the makers canattract the targeted audience in an easier manner. This is because the generic conventions make it very explicit what genre the text falls into.Now, when you know what generic conventions are let me drive you into the details and examples of the same. We will also have a quick glance at various genres.Why so? Because this will help the newbies a lot. Yes, we all have a basic idea of distinguishing the different genres. But, to understand the generic conventions perfectly. It is very important to know the genres in a better way as well.Those who are not into literature or even movies a lot, may or may not be versed with the details.So, I have listed them here. If you want to know more and learn better go through them:But, let’s start with the meaning of genreA genre is any category or style of literature, music or art. Generally, there are many types of genres. The main classic genres are:-Science fiction-Tragedy-Adventure-Mythology-Mystery-FantasySome of the other genres are as follows: -Satire-Horror-Tragic comedy-Young adult fiction-Drama-Romance-Adventure/Action-DystopiaThis was a list of all the major genres. Well, the genres need to be explained a little more. Before moving to the types of generic conventions, we will have a look at the description of different genres. Here, we go:TYPES OF GENRES-Science fictionIt is a bit difficult to define science fiction in a few words. This is because it involves a large range of themes and sub-genres. Science fiction can be considered a segment of literature which deals with the reaction of humans to changes in technology and science.The art pieces of this genres deal with the imaginations mostly. It depicts imaginary innovations and inventions. These can be time machines, robots, and spaceships. Such stories are often set in a world that is too different from reality. The authors add tools and scientific inventions which do not exist in the present. We can see the presence of alien creatures frequently.-TragedyThe tragedy is a type of drama which revolves around the human sufferings and the reaction it invokes. It treats the sorrowful or horrific events caused or faced by a heroic character in a serious and decent tone. By extending the term “tragedy” can be easily applied to literary works, including a novel.Though, the word “tragedy” is also used to explain some kinds of misfortune and disaster. It precisely refers to a piece of art which probes with highly serious questions. These questions revolve around the role of man in the universe.-AdventureThe term “adventure” originated from an old French word “aventure” which m eans fate, destiny or chance event. In today’s world, we consider remarkable adventure journey, event or experience. It is something in which a person takes as a result of chance.The last words of the last line give the key element of this genre. Adventure constitutes stories in which the characters face undergoes adventure by chance. The “chance” plays amajor role in the plot of the story. Such stories involve narrow escapes from dangerous situations, problems which can be solved by skill and intelligence. It can involve exotic places and people, brave deeds, etc.-MythologyMythology comes from Greek mythos. “Mythos” means story-of-the-people and “logos” for speech or word. This means that the spoken story of a group or community or an individual is mythology. It is the interpretation and study of pious tales or fables of a community and its culture.Such stories are known as myths, and the collection of such stories is called mythology. It can deal with a variety of human condition.These conditions can be evil and good; cultural values. It can be the story of human origins, the origin of animals, places or names. At times it portrays the secret of death and meaning of life. The characters are mostly supernatural. Myths showcase the values and beliefs about certain subjects of a certain culture.-MysteryThe mystery is a literary genre which focuses on a situation or circumstance which involves a mystery. Most often, it deals with a crime mystery that needs to be solved. The term “mystery” originated from the Latin word “Mysterium,” which means “a secret thing.” The mysterious stories can be non-fictional and fictional as well.It can focus on both supernatural and real topics. Many mysterious stories revolve around the “whodunit” scenario. “Whodunit” scenario, means a situation in which the story revolves around investigation for finding out the culprit or criminal.-FantasyThe definition of this fictional genre could be considered as something that constitutes rudiments that are unrealistic, such as talking birds, animals, and other things or magical powers. Another explanation of a Fantasy Novel is any book that constitutes magic or unrealistic settings, generally, set in a medieval universe, or involving mythical beings or supernatural forms as a primary element of the plot, theme, or settingFantasy is generally characterised by a departure from the accepted rules by which people perceive the world around them. It represents that which is outside the parameters of our known, reality. You can say it describes impossible or unexplained. Make-believe is what this genre is all about.If you need to work on these genres and generic conventions with perfection, you can go for assignment help australia as well. Now, when we have gone through the detailed description of types of generic conventions. Here, we go:Types of generic conventions1. SettingThe setting is a generic convention is a place where the story is set. Choosing the right setting is exactly as important as building the right characters. You can say that the setting is also a character. If you are thinking it of less importance, then you are taking it all wrong.Settings can contribute everything that a character can provide a narrative. It can provide it with a tone, emotion, an idea.2.ThemeAs a generic convention, the theme is the central topic or idea explored in a text. Usually, the theme of a work of literature can be stated in one word, such as “love” or “solitude.” A work of literature can, and usually do, possess more than one theme. The theme is generally notstated explicitly in the text, but instead is expressed through the characters’ actions, words, and thoughts.The definition of the theme can be understood under two categories: the thematic concept of work and the thematic statement. The thematic concept refers to what a reader understands the work to be about, while the thematic statement refers to what the work tells about that topic in question.3. CharactersThis is the generic convention which is of most importance. A character is a person, animal, being, creature, or thing in a story. Writers use characters to perform the actions and speak dialogue moving the story along with a line. Astory can have only one character and still be a full story. This character’s conflict may be an inner one (within him/herself), or a conflict with something natural, such as climbing a mountain. Usually, stories have multiple characters interacting, with one of them as causing a conflict for the protagonist.Major characters:ProtagonistThis is the main character, around which the whole story revolves. The decisions made by this character will be affected by the conflict from within, or externally through other characters, nature, technology, society, or the fates/GodAntagonistThis character, or group of characters, causes the conflict for the protagonist. However, the antagonist could be the protagonist, who is torn by a problem within. Mostly, something external is causing the problem.4. IconographyIt is a generic convention which talks about the science of identification, classification, description, and interpretation of themes, symbols and subject matter in the visual arts. The term can also refer to the artist’s use of this imagery in a specific work. The previous iconographical studies, published in the 16th century, were catalogues of symbols and emblems collected from antique literature and translated into pictorial terms for the use of artists.ConclusionHere, is the time to conclude the blog. Starting from the meaning of the generic conventions, we moved towards the genre and types of genres. This helps in understanding the generic conventions even more. After that, we moved to know the types of generic conventions. Hope this was explanatory enough to help you understand the generic conventions well.。
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一、图表作文写作常识1、图形种类及概述法：泛指一份数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram表格图：table流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram程序图：processing/procedures diagram2、常用的描述用法The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）According to the table/chart diagram/graphAs （is） shown in the table/chart diagram/graphAs can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures，figures/statistics shows （that）……It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsIt is clear from the figures/statisticsIt is apparent from the figures/statisticstable/chart/diagram/graph figures （that）……table/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illus trates how……3、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time持续变化的data在不同情况下：增加：increase / raise / rise / go up ……减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall ……波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave ……稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off ……最常用的两种表达法：动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverb form）形容词+名词形式（Adjective+Noun form）二、相关常用词组1、主章开头图表类型：table、chart、diagramgraph、column chart、pie graph描述：show、describe、illustrate、can be seen from、clear、apparent、reveal、represent 内容：figure、statistic、number、percentage、proportion2、表示数据变化的单词或者词组rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply 急剧升降的steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地stable/stably 稳定的3、其它在描述中的常用到的词significant changes 图中一些较大变化noticeable trend 明显趋势during the same period 在同一时期grow/grew 增长distribute 分布，区别unequally 不相等地in the case of adv. 在……的情况下in terms of / in respect of / regarding 在……方面in contrast 相反，大不相同government policy 政府政策market forces 市场规率measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecast n.先见，预见v.预测三、考研英语图表写作套句精选1.the table shows the changes in the n umber of……over the period from……to……该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
2.the bar chart illustrates that……该柱状图展示了……3.the graph provides some interesting data regarding……该图为我们提供了有关……有趣数据。
4.the diagram shows （that）……该图向我们展示了……5.the pie graph depicts （that）……该圆形图揭示了……6.this is a cure graph which describes the trend of……这个曲线图描述了……的趋势。
7.the figures/statistics show （that）……数据（字）表明……8.the tree diagram reveals how……该树型图向我们揭示了如何……9.the data/statistics show （that）……该数据（字）可以这样理解……10.the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that……这些数据资料令我们得出结论……11.as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table……如图所示……12.according to the chart/figures……根据这些表（数字）……13.as is shown in the table……如表格所示……14.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in……从图中可以看出，……发生了巨大变化。
15.from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that……or it is clear/apparent from the chart that……从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到……16.this is a grap h which illustrates……这个图表向我们展示了……17.this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from……to……该表格描述了……年到……年间a与b的比例关系。
18.the graph，presented in a pie chart，shows the general trend in……该图以圆形图形式描述了……总的趋势。
19.this is a column chart showing……这是个柱型图，描述了……20.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the flutuation of……如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
21.over the period from……to……the……remained level.在……至……期间，……基本不变。
22.in the year between……and……在……年到……期间……23.in the 3 years span ning from 1995 through 1998……1995年至1998三年里……24.from then on/from this time onwards……从那时起……25.the number of……remained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。
……月（年）至……月（年）……的数量基本不变。
26.the number sharply went up to……数字急剧上升至……27.the percentage of……stayed the same between……and…………至……期间……的比率维持不变。
28.the figures peaked at……in（month/year）……的数目在……月（年）达到顶点，为……29.the percentage remained steady at……比率维持在……30.the percentage of……is sightly larger/smaller than that of…………的比例比……的比例略高（低）。
31.there is not a great deal of difference between……and…………与……的区别不大。
32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of……该图表表明……的数目增长了三倍。
33……decreased year by year while……increased steadily.……逐年减少，而……逐步上升。
34.the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of[%].……的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为……百分点。
35.the figures/situation bottomed out in……数字（情况）在……达到底部。
36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。
37.a is ……times as much/many as b.a是b的……倍。
38.a increased by……a增长了……39.a increased to……a增长到……40.high/low/great/small/ percentage.比低高（低）41.there is an upward trend in the number of…………数字呈上升趋势。
42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from……to…………到……发生急剧上升。