2013年联合国笔译竞争性考试题目1
[考研类试卷]2013年国际关系学院英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2013年国际关系学院英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 reciprocity in trade2 Ramadan3 infotainment4 aircraft carrier5 non-performing loan6 cost performance7 state fund allotment8 outsource9 free-lance professionals10 home game11 IAEA12 FTP13 TEFL14 OPEC15 SCO汉译英16 应试教育17 诺贝尔奖得主18 知识产权19 不结盟运动20 城乡低保21 对口支援22 扶贫、脱贫23 灰色收入24 关税壁垒25 拳头产品26 试用期27 民办教师28 人口老龄化29 中央纪律检查委员会30 山寨手机英译汉31 People in China generally agree that it is important to celebrate the country's rich history, but its culture police think there is too much of the wrong kind of celebrating going on. Two agencies, the Ministry of Culture and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, have banned the promotion of " negative historical figures or literary works" for tourism purposes, theoretically ending a longstanding practice by Chinese cities of playing up their ties to racy cultural icons like the lustful Ximen Qing through festivals, theme parks and merchandise.A few lucky destinations in China, like Mao's hometown of Shaoshan in Hunan province, are blessed with the notoriety of a state-approved celebrity, allowing them to rake in tourism dollars. But for most Chinese towns, bringing in tourists is hard work, which is made easier if they can stake a claim to someone famous, whether real, mythical or literary. Disputes can flare up among towns claiming to be the original homes of the same popular character. Just before the Ministry of Culture announced the new rules, Loufan county in Shanxi declared itself hometown of the Monkey King, challenging the same claim made first by Lianyugang City in Jiangsu, according to a recent article on Xinhua's English-language website.Critics say that this kind of cultural infighting is embarrassing to China, especially when attracting foreign dollars is the motive. It is better if these cities manage and protect their own cultural heritage and intangible cultural resources, rather than compete with each other and humiliate themselves.In the past, tourist stunts by Chinese towns have been heavily frowned upon by the public.A sex theme park in southwestern China was demolished before it even opened, after inciting widespread condemnation. Earlier this year, public outcry forced government officials in Zhangjiajie to back away from plans to rename a local mountain "Avatar Hallelujah Mountain" after the popular Hollywood movie. The latest crackdown, however, goes further than any one campaign and promises to lay out strict guidelines for what is appropriate cultural celebration in the coming weeks.汉译英32 近些年来，中国与印度经济均实现了迅猛增长。
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)B类英语专业初赛真题2013年
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)B类英语专业初赛真题2013年Part Ⅰ Listening C o m p e r h e n s i o nSection AIn this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end o f each conversation, there will be a pause, read the question and the three choices marked A, B, and C, a nd decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the ce n t r e.1. What does the man imply?A.He's heard about Sue's great ideas.B.He finds some of Sue's ideas acceptable.C.He thinks Sue's ideas are impractical.C [听力原文]W: Sue's ideas for her research project sound great, don't you agree?M: I think they're somewhat overambitious.Q: What does the man imply?录音中女士对男士说“Sue对研究项目提出的想法很好，你认为呢”，男士回答道“我认为，这些想法都过于宏大”。
由此可知男士认为Sue的想法不现实，所以选C。
笔译大赛试题及答案
笔译大赛试题及答案试题一：请将以下英文段落翻译成中文："In the realm of artificial intelligence, machine learning stands out as a pivotal technology that enables computers to learn from experience and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed to do so."答案一：在人工智能领域，机器学习作为一种关键技术脱颖而出，它使得计算机能够从经验中学习，并在没有明确编程的情况下随着时间的推移提高其性能。
试题二：请将以下中文段落翻译成英文：“随着全球化的不断推进，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
为了促进不同文化之间的理解和尊重，我们需要学习彼此的语言和文化。
”答案二："With the continuous advancement of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important. To promote understanding and respect between different cultures, we need to learn each other's languages and cultures."试题三：请将以下英文句子翻译成中文："The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work."答案三：技术的快速发展已经改变了我们生活和工作的方式。
2013年9月中级口译笔试真题完整版
2013年9月中级口译笔试真题完整版SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 mi nutes)Part A: Spot Dictation Directi on: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with bla nks in it. Fill in each of the bla nks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET . Remember you will hear the passagONLY ONCE.Next, let's talk about earthquakes on our Pla net. Some coun tries have large nu mbers of earthquakes. Japa n is one of them. Others do not have many; for example, there are few earthquakes ____________________________________ (1). There is ofte n a great no ise duri ng anearthquake. The ground vibrates. Houses _____________ (2). Trai ns run off the lin es.Sometimes there is __________________ (3) of huma n lives.Earthquakes ofte n happe n n ear volca no es, but this is ________ (4). The cen tres ofsome earthquakes are ____________ (5). The bottom of the sea sudde nly moves. Thepowerful forces __________ (6) break the rocks. The coast is shake n and great wavesappear. These waves, also known as seismic waves or tsun amis, can _________________ (7) andrush over the land whe n they reach it. They are __________ (8) to break dow n housesand other build in gs.Very ofte n fires followed the most serious earthquakes. In ___________ (9), the great earthquake at San Fran cisco broke the gas-pipes. The gas ______________ (10), and soonlarge nu mbers of fires were bur ning in the city. The water-pipes were also ____ (11); so it was not possible to put the fires out. _________________________________________ (12). The Tokyo earthquake of 1923 happe ned just before noon. People were __________________ (13) ontheir fires at that time. When the ground shook, the fires shook too. ____________ (14)were throw n on the differe nt parts of the houses, some of which were made of wood. Soon (15) fires were bur ning in the city.What kind of buildi ng _________ (16) in an earthquake? A build ing with con cretewalls is perhaps the best. __________ (17) will make it eve n stro nger. The frame holdsthe differe nt parts together, and the walls ________ (18). There is less cha nee of firebecause con crete and steel do not bur n. Over the years ____________ (19) the results of the earthquake in differe nt part of the world, and _________ (20) that this kind of build ingis the safest.Part B: Liste ning Comprehe nsion1.Stateme ntsDirecti ons: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and con versati ons. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chose n in the corresp onding space in youANSWER BOOKLET.1.(A) George now works with his brother.(B)George wants to invite his brother to dinner.(C)George is now a salesma n.(D)George is the sales man ager.2.(A) I should go to the store more ofte n.(B)I'm afraid I might lose my job.(C)I care very little about the n ews.(D)I don 'like the store job.3.(A) Gary expects to work hard to finish his report.(B)Gary is pla nning a party for this week.(C)Gary will finish his report before the party.(D)Gary pla ns to start worki ng next week.4.(A) Our first supply will in duce our customers to place more regular orders in the future.(B)Our customers have placed more orders, pleased with the first supply of your compa ny.(C)We can establish no rmal bus in ess relatio nships, although this is only the beg inning.(D)We could make more mon ey, as there would be more first supplies from your compa ny.5.(A) I'd better return the books this week.(B)I can keep the books for ano ther week.(C)Books may be checked out for two weeks at a time.(D)The library is increasing fines to raise money for books.6.(A) May is a time for American students to enjoy sunshine and fine weather(B)May is a time for American students to learn more about gardening.(C)Each year in May America n stude nts would take part in outdoor activities.(D)Each year in May American students would sit for their final exams.7.(A) Only a few of the many movies produced in China can make big profits(B)One third of the movies produced in China are exported overseas.(C)China ranks the third in profit-making for movies produced.(D)Few people are capable of writ ing reviews about the movies produced in Chi na.8.(A) I don 'like the questi ons about the project.(B)I don 'th ink this project is workable.(C)I believe we should make them work hard.(D)I am sure we have eno ugh time for the project.9.(A) There is an agreeme nt for a ban to be accepted on whale hunting.(B)People in rich coun tries should refuse to buy whale products.(C)There is a lack of international cooperation in protecting whales.(D)People in terested in whale hunting should be properly train ed.10.(A) New York City has undergone great changes and caught the attention of the world si nce 1950.(B)In 2010, New York City is still the largest city with a population of over 10 millio n.(C)The number of the cities with populations of over 10 million will be 60 by the year 2010(D)The world has witnessed a rapid development of urbanization in the past 60 years.2.Talks and Conv ersatio nsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questi ons. Liste n carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questionsONLY ONCE . When you hear a question read the four an swer choices and choose the best an swer to that questi on. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.11.(A) Atte nding a bus in ess meet ing.(B)Reserv ing a table in a restaura nt.(C)Booki ng a ticket for a con cert.(D)Mak ing travelli ng arran geme nts.12.(A) In the morni ng.(B)At noo n.(C)In the after noon.(D)On June 1913.(A) One night.(B)Two n ights.(C)Four ni ghts.(D) A week.14.(A) A room with a sin gle bed.(B) A room with bath.(C) A room in the non-smok ing area.(D) A room n ear the hotel cafeteria.Questio ns 15—1815.(A) To join the local reside nts in their daily discussi on about sports.(B)To write articles about the local sports teams for Sports Review.(C)To try on the local sports teams so as to become a member of them.(D)To mix well with boys and girls at local school sports teams.16.(A) Cars and Drivers.(B)Popular Mecha ni cs.(C)Time and Newsweek.(D)Sports Review.17.(A) America n car drivers.(B)America n movie goers.(C)New reside nts in America.(D)Foreig n tourists in America.18.(A) How to improve your spoke n En glish in America.(B)How to obta in in formatio n from America n magaz in es.(C)How to survive in a new and stra nge place.(D)How to mix well with American local residents.Questio ns 19— 2219.(A) Two.(B)Three.(C)Four.(D)Five.20.(A) Because it was on a cross street.(B)Because it had no desk.(C)Because it had no park ing space.(D)Because they didntlike it.21.(A) Park ing and desk space.(B)Park ing and air-c on diti oning.(C)Privacy and clea nli ness.(D) A cheerful kitche n and a separate dining area.22.(A) The one on the 68th Street.(B)The one on the 72nd Street.(C)The one on the 80th Street.(D)The one on the 88th Street.Questio ns 23— 2623.(A) Small cuts and minor grazes usually n eed little or no treatme nt.(B)Small cuts and minor grazes are too un com mon to be n eglected.(C)Small childre n are n aughty and should be un der close supervisi on.(D)Small childre n can become very easily upset or shocked by a cut.24.(A) If the child is bleedi ng from a minor graze.(B)If the child gets eye injuries or cuts on the face.(C)If the child is cut and the blood clots and dries.(D)If the child becomes very upset and shocked by a cut.25.(A) Make the cut wide open and wash it with a little warm water.(B)Press a piece of cotton wool firmly over it for about five minutes.(C)Let it bleed for a while to clean itself before cleaning and dressing it.(D)Clean it with clean cotton wool, then hold it closed with an adhesive dress ing.26.(A) Give them some water to drink.(B)Tell them a joke or a funny story.(C)Keep them calm and quiet.(D)Call a doctor as soon as possible.Questio ns 27— 3027.(A) He bought a sec on dha nd car.(B)He had just in herited a fortune.(C)He used to go to work by trai n.(D)He was overcharged by the repair shop.28.(A) Drive-i n movies.(B)Drive-i n ban ks.(C)Drive-i n restaura nts.(D)Drive-i n post offices.29.(A) No one performed the wedd ing cerem ony.(B)The new couple got married without a car.(C) A minister married the couple outside a church.(D) A weddi ng was performed in the automobile.30.(A) Car maintenan ce.(B)Moder n convenien ces.(C)Wedd ing cerem oni es.(D)Physical exercises.Part C: Listening and TranslationI.Sentence Tran slati onDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the senten cesONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sen ten ce,tra nslate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET .(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)II.Passage Tran slatio nDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passagesONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, tran slate it in to Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 MINUTES)Directi on: In this sect ion, you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to chooseONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questionsfollowing each passageon the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chose n in the corresp onding space in youANSWER BOOKLET. Questio ns 1— 5Many people are surprised to lear n that An tarctica is n early twice the size of the United States. The name Ant arctica was coined to meanopposite to the Arctic.” It is just that in many ways. Antarctica is a high, ice-covered Iandmass. In the Arctic the Ian dmasses are grouped around the ice-covered Arctic Ocea n.Largely because of this differe nee, the climate of the two areas is very differe nt. An tarctica is the coldest area in the world. On the average it is about 30 degrees colder than the Arctic. At the South Pole, nearly 10,000 feet high, monthly mean temperatures run well below zero. On ly in coastal regi ons do temperatures sometimes rise above freezing in the summer (December to March). In contrast, near the North Pole mon thly mean temperatures ofte n rise above freez ing.At both poles, daily temperatures may drop far below the monthly mean. At the America n South Pole Stati on, win ter temperatures sometimes fall below -100 degrees Fahre nheit. Elsewhere, on higher parts of the south polar plateau, eve n lower temperatures are recorded. A temperature of -127 degrees Fahre nheit was measured in August 1960. It is the world "srecord low temperature.Partly because of this climat ic differenee, the land animals and plants of the two regionsare very different. On the continent of Antarctica, there are very few plants. In the Arctic there are many pla nts. In some of the few ice-free areas of An tarctica, mosses, liche ns, and algae are found.Penguins populate Antarctic coastlines but do not exist in the Arctic. The land ani mals ofthe Arctic are foxes, bears, re in deer, and lemmi ngs. These ani mals are unknown in the Antarctic. Old rock layers show that this oppositenes§ between north and south exte nds far back into theearly chapters of earth history.Ice is the great feature of Antarctica. More than 4.5 million square miles of ice sheet cover the area. Great rivers of ice, called glaciers, push dow n the mountains. Antarctica is the storehouse of about 85 percent of the total world supply of ice.The icecap is very thick, averag ing n early 8,000 feet. At one spot, scie ntists have found the distance from the surface to the rock underneath the ice to be more than 13,000 feet. If this great volume of ice were to melt, the volume of the world ocea ns would in crease, and sea level would rise, and there would be a threat to coastal areas. Extreme atmospheric cha nges would have to take place for this to happe n.1.The passage states that the known lowest temperature at the South Pole is(A)minus 100 degrees Fahre nheit(B)minus 127 degrees Celsius(C)30 degrees colder than the North Pole(D)close to minus 130 degrees Fahre nheit2.Some areas of An tarctica are ______________ .(A)ice free(B)very humid(C)slightly polluted(D)found to have many pla nts3.It may be con cluded from the passage that _______________ .(A)penguins could not live at the North Pole(B)the temperature in the Antarctic is getting close to that in the Arctic(C)in the An tarctic extreme atmospheric cha nges would take place(D)life at the North Pole is more tolerable than at the South Pole4.Accord ing to the passage , if An tarcticas ice melted, _____________ .(A)coastal areas of the world would be flooded(B)ocea n curre nts would shift their directi on(C)climate would cha nge drastically everywhere(D)the few species of ani mals and pla nts would die out5.The author develops his point through ________________ .(A)theory and proof(B)cause and effect(C)comparis on and con trast(D)description and argumentationQuestio ns 6—10The first man who cooked his food, in stead of eati ng it raw, lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he lived. We do know, however, that for thousa nds of years, food was always eate n cold and raw. Early peoples who lived in hot regi ons could depe nd on the heat of the sun to cook their food. For example, in the desert areas of the southwester n Un ited States, the In dia ns cooked their food by placing it on a flat stone in the hot sun. They cooked pieces of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this fashi on.The Bible tells us that the Jews were skilled cooks. The Book of Gen esis, for instanee, relates the story of Rebecca, who put food in a pan and placed it over burning charcoal. The Jews also knew the art of bak ing at an early point in their history. Carvings left by the ancient Jews show dough being put into a small round ove n to be baked.In the troubled times of the Middle Ages, trade betwee n coun tries dwin dled. People lived on what they could grow in their garde ns or bring back from the hunt, and the food they ate was simply prepared. Bea ns and turnips were the mai n vegetables eate n in Europe, and honey was used to sweete n food. The manu scripts of the Middle Ages tell us that boili ng and broili ng were the two most com mon methods of cook ing. Bread was baked in the homes of rich people or in public bakeries, but the com mon man had no ove n in his home. People killed their livestock, hop ing to preserve itthrough the win ter by salt ing it. However, salt was expe nsive and people did not always use eno ugh of it to keep the meat from spoili ng.It was not until the nineteenth century that the masses of people in Europe cha nged their ways of cook ing. This cha nge took place because the cast-ir on cook ing stove was inven ted. Until the stove came into use, fireplaces and spits had bee n in general use; sometimes a baking oven had been built into the sides of the fireplace. In northern Europe, stoves had been used for several centuries for heating. However, it was a long time before a stove was developed that would cook and bake, as well asheat.Our methods of cook ing have not cha nged very much in the last cen tury, but we do havebetter equipme nt that makes cook ing easier and more convenient. With moder n sta ndardized measures, we can follow recipes exactly and produce successful dishes more ofte n.6.It can be assumed that early people from hot coun tries ofte n cooked their foodby _____________ .(A)dropp ing hot stones into a bag(B)putting it on sun-heated stones(C)removing from the fire the stone and putting the food on it(D)digg ing a pit and cook ing the food un der gree n leaves7.The passage suggests that bak ing was probably known in the early history of(A)the people of the Middle Ages(B)the Crusader of Europe(C)the Roma ns(D)the Jews8.During the Middle Ages, people preserved the meat by __________________ .(A)drying it(B)smok ing it(C)salti ng it(D)all of these9.In the nin etee nth cen tury, cook ing was made easier by _____________ .(A)the inven ti on of the bak ing ove n(B)the gen eral use of fireplaces(C)the developme nt of the stove(D)the ope ning of trade routes10.Cook ing today is simpler because we ________________ .(A)can use stoves(B)have better equipme nt(C)can buy food at the store(D)have better methods of cook ingQuesti ons 1—15I want this new school year to be a good one for my stude nts as they lear n about everything from calculus to Shakespeare to failure. Thas right. Failure.We all n eed to fail a litt le. In fact, the secret of success might just be that.Con sider the path of Henry David Thoreau. By many acco un ts, Thoreau was a failure. Folks thought he should have bee n a civic leader. He could have bee n a doctor, a lawyer, a teacher. He might eve n have made con gressma n or gover nor. In stead, the Harvard man seemed to spe nd most of his time loaf ing in the woods n ear his hometow n over Walde n Pond. Every one just scratched their heads and won dered why such a promising young fellow wasn'a success” I'm not suggesting that my stude nts drop classes for the woods, but' importa nt to remember that ideas on success vary, eve n in these en lighte ned times.The lessons of failure are an important part of the curriculum of success. We learn from them. They push us to do better; they teach us humility. As a teacher, I expect students to revise their work, to build on the failure” of the first draft to achieve clarity and in sight in the final draft.That's a good model for most things in life. Part of the problem, though, is that we live in a country obsessed by results. In school it is the A student who gets all the perks eve n though gett ing an A doeshalways measure how much a pers on really kno ws. A's are icons of honor. Fs are badges of defeat. We idealize icons and look up to heroes such as George Washi ngton or Joh n Glenn. Yet we shoul'rdisco unt the heroes who labor outside the limelight. Those are the men and women who quietly go about the bus in ess of rais ing a family and tak ing care of their n eighbors.The most admirable are ones who invent their own success. They know how to seize the moment and let the chips fall where they may. They know that the best way to measure success is by liv ing each day to the fullest. True success is giving something back. And you donthave to have a lot in the wallet to attain it. There are many people, young and old, who give back by serv ing in literacy campaig ns and soup kitche ns. As my father used to say: “ Make sure you leave the world a better place tha n it was whe n you en tered it. At least clea n up after yourself. ”The beginning of the school year is a good time to start reorienting ourselves.' a good time to see our failures in a new light. After Thoreau died in 1862, his men tor, Ralph Waldo Emerson, lamented that Henry hadrtblossomed into a great leader of the n ati on. His books were litt le read, his ideas seemed skewed. And yet, less tha n 100 years later, Dr. Mart in Luther King Jr. poin tedto Thoreaus essay Civil Disobedie nee as one of the sparks that ign ited the civil rights moveme nt and profo un dly shaped America n society.Not a bad legacy for a failure.11.In the passage Henry David Thoreau is regarded __________________ .(A)as a successful pers on(B)as a loafer in his life(C)as a failure many feel sorry about(D)as a pers on people scratch their heads about12.Whe n he was young, Henry David Thoreau ___________________ .(A)aspired to be a civic leader(B)loafed in the woods once in a while(C)studied in Harvard Un iversity(D)showed the pote ntial for being successful13.In the opinion of the author, what kind of people should be admired most?(A)Those who keep on work ing towards success.(B)Those who have a smooth journey to success(C)Those who have their own way to success(D)Those who leave a large legacy of success14.As a teacher, the author wants all his stude nts to _____________ .(A)take the curriculum of success(B)see failure in a positive way(C)admire icons of honor(D)fail as little as possible15.Accord ing to the passage, the civil rights moveme nt in the Un ited States is ina way attributable to _____________ .(A)George Wash ington's ideas(B)Joh n Glenn's ideas(C)Ralph Waldo Emerson' ideas(D)Henry David Thoreau's ideasQuestio ns 16— 20After a decades-l ong search for a man ageable bala nee betwee n motherhood and career, a group of American women have found work in a place that sounds like paradise. At the Minneapolis headquarters of Best Buy, an electronics retailer, almost 2,000 employees are allowed to turn up for work whe n they lik— as long as their jobs get done.A unique experiment in flexible work hours is attracting international attention as a possible solution to one of the most familiar dilemmas faced by employers and their female workforces: how do you make jobs and families compatible? For Traci Tobias, 36, a manager in Best Buys travel office, the transformation of the company into a pion eer of flexible work ing prac tices has produced one in calculable ben efit: My kids have stopped saying every morning, Mommy, I don 'want you to go to work'. ”The introduction of what Best Buy calls a “esults oriented work environmen” was partly inten ded to reverse a trend among valued female employees who were opting for part-time jobs as more compatible with family life. It is also aimed at cutt ing the worker stress and executive bur nout that are in creas in gly troubli ng US corporatio ns.The programme goes far bey ond the variable start ing and fini shi ng hours of many companie§ so-called flexitime schedules. It measures worker performanee not by the hours clocked at a desk, but by the achieveme nt of compa ny goals.Best Buy officials ack no wledge that their programme may not suit every employer, and the company has experieneed significant hiccups in changing a corporate culture that placed a premium onlong working hours and personal sacrifice. Ambitious employees who believed they could get ahead by work ing late at their office desks are wondering if anyone will notice their effort.Yet the results from Minneapolis have been striking. After phasing in the programme over the past three years, Best Buy now offers almost half its employees the chance to work their own hours. Not only has worker productivity risen, but a rece nt office survey found that 98% of the compa nys man agers favored flexible schedules for their staff.Beh ind the experime nt lie two con tradictory trends that are com mon in most wester n societies. Rapid adva nces in com muni catio n tech no logy have made work ing from home or on the road as easy as work ing in an office.At the same time, surveys have repeatedly found that the US workforce spe nds far too muchtime in the office. The national holiday average is only 14 days a year, and a recent study by the Families and Work Institute discovered that 36% of workers did not take all the time off that was owing to them, mainly because they were afraid their employers would regard them as in sufficie ntly dedicated. Other surveys have no ted that the average worker fritters away more tha n two hours of his day on time-wasting activities such as personal Internet surfing, socializing with other employees and con duct ing pers onal bus in ess.16.Accord ing to the passage, the bala nce betwee n motherhood and career(A)will suffer if there is a divorce(B)can be achieved, but at a cost(C)invo Ives making pers onal sacrifices(D)has rema ined unman ageable for ages17.What is the reform in troduced at the Minn eapolis headquarters of Best Buy?(A)Work hours are made flexible and result-orie nted en vir onment is created.(B)Female workers are allowed to work at home for much of the week.(C)More freedom is give n to female employees to quit their jobs for family.(D)Work ing hours are shorte ned and time-orie nted en vir onment is phased out.18.In the Best Buy experime ntal programme, the workersperforma nce ismeasured by _______________ .(A)the amount of their effort(B)the quality of their work(C)the devoti on to their task(D)the achieveme nt of their goal19.The word hiccups” (para. 5) is closest in meaning to_______________ .(A)adva nces(B)changes(C)problems(D)recessi ons20.What can be con cluded from the last paragraph?(A)America n employees work long hours to mai ntai n life.(B)America n employers are hard on their employees.(C)The Un ited States is a work-orie nted society.(D)People in the US overwork to con duct pers onal bus in ess.Questio ns 2—25The right bus in ess n ame is importa nt. If you choose the wrong one, you might end up with someth ing that sends all the wrong messages. To be successful, your bus in ess n ame n eeds to defi ne your ide ntity and say wh'at special about what you are offeri ng. Think about the market you want to sell in to, and why your customer will prefer to buy YOUR product or service rather tha n some one else. A good bus in ess n ame is one that tells customers what to expect. For example, Early Lear ning Centre appeals to pare nts because it tells them that the toys it sells are educati on al.Illiterate n ames have caught on everywhere, that is, n ames that invo Ive deliberately misspelled words. Kwik-Fit, the compa ny that promises to fit car parts speedily, was one of thefirst in the UK. The n ame was the brain child of Kwik-Fit's chief executive, who, as a schoolboy, earned extra pocket money clea ning ove ns. He advertised himself as Kookers Klea ned! Some people grumble about these misspelli ngs, argu ing, for example, that childre n will copy them, but eve n these purists don 'hesitate to buy an ice cream from Phun Phlavours! These misspelli ngs work because they catch the eye. The trouble is, as more and more are inven ted, they lose their impact.But unusual names are not always the most effective. Names like Tie Rack or Body Shop which just say what your company is about can work just as well. They are short, and they have an hon est no-nonsense ring to them. Sometimes using a pers onal n ame can achieve the same effect: Laura Ashley projects a gen tle and elega nt image that makes the customer feel comfortable about buying that compa n『s products.Con sider too the impact your n ame will have whe n people hear it or read it. What effect does it have whe n spoke n over the teleph one? Sn appy Happy Sn aps may describe your photographic age ncy, but it sounds ridiculous over the phone. Whe n your n ame appears in Yellow Pages orsimilar directories, usually amon gst a hun dred others offeri ng a similar service, you want yours to be the one that catches the eye. One trick is to en sure that the first letter of your n ame appears early in the alphabet. A bus in ess in Finland called itself by the meanin gless n ame Quello, simply because there is no letter Q in Finnish, so Quello was the only entry in thedirectory under that letter!If you deal with overseas customers, check that your n ame woncause you problems. A good translation agency will help you avoid the trap of choosing a name that means somethi ng offen sive in ano ther Ian guage. There is a famous case of a stick deodora nt manu factured by an Asia n compa ny who had selected a n ame which meant someth ing really bad in En glish. The matter was made worse by the in structi on printed on it in English, which read Push up bottom'.21.Accord ing to the passage, a bus in ess n ame is a good one if it _____________ .(A)inden tifies your market n eeds(B)avoids con fusi on with other compa nies(C)creates a differe nt ki nd of image。
联合国中文笔译员、逐字记录员、编辑征聘竞争性考试(1)
UNITED NATIONSNATIONS UNIESCompetitive Examinations for Chinese-language Translators, Verbatim Reporters and Editors 中文笔译员,逐字记录员,编辑征聘竞争性考试Part I 第一部分 Duration: one and a half hours 时间:一小时三十分钟INSTRUCTIONS 试卷说明 Translation into Chinese of a general text in English. It should be noted that this paper is eliminatory for the Chinese-language translators and verbatim reporters and only candidates who are successful in this paper will have their other papers marked. 把一篇英文文章翻译成中文.请注意,对中文笔译员和逐字记录员考生而言,这 是一份淘汰性试卷,只有成功通过本试卷的考生,其考试的其他部分才会得到批 改. Please write clearly on the answer booklet and leave a sufficient margin for correction. Answer written out of the margin will not be corrected. 请在答题纸上清楚工整地书写,并在边缘留足够的空白方便阅卷.书写到边缘外面 的答案无效,将不被批改.DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. DO NOT REMOVE ANY PAGE. 在监考官宣布考试开始前,请不要打开本试卷. 请不要将试卷的任何一页拆开带走.The impact of computers on our lives means there is a need to develop new software. Computer software engineers apply computer science, engineering, and math to design, develop, and test software. Computer hardware engineers design computer chips, boards, systems, modems, and printers. Software engineers first analyze users' needs. Then they design, construct, test, and maintain the needed software or systems. In programming, or coding, they tell a computer, line by line, how to function. They also solve any problems that arise. They must possess strong coding skills, but are more likely to develop algorithms and solve problems than write code. Software engineers often work as part of a team that designs new hardware, software, and systems. A core team may have engineering, marketing, factory, and design people who work together until the product is done. Software engineers normally work in well-lighted offices or labs. Most work at least 40 hours a week. If a big project is due, they may have to work nights or weekends to meet deadlines. Like other workers who sit for hours at a computer, they are susceptible to eyestrain, back ache, and hand and wrist syndromes. Software engineers who are employed by vendors and consulting firms spend time away from their offices to meet with customers. As networks expand, they may be able to use modems, laptops, e-mail, and the Internet to identify and fix problems from their own office. Most employers prefer to hire people who have at least a bachelor's degree and experience with a variety of computer systems. The most common degrees are computer science, software engineering, or computer systems. Some of the more complex jobs require graduate degrees. Students seeking software engineering jobs enhance their opportunities by signing up as interns to get some experience. Large firms that can train new hires may take new grads with no experience. Persons looking at jobs in this field must have strong problem-solving and analytical skills. They also must be able to work effectively with team members, other staff, and customers. Because they often deal with many tasks at the same time, they must be able to focus and pay close attention to detail. As technology advances in the computer field, employers want workers to keep up. Software engineers must learn new skills if they wish to remain in this very dynamic field. To help them keep up, employers, vendors, private training schools, and others offer a large number of courses.Software engineers are projected to be one of the fastest growing occupations from 2002 to 2012. Rapid growth in the computer systems design industry should mean good opportunities for college grads with a degree and some experience. Despite the recent downturn in information technology, the number of computer software engineers is expected to rise much faster than the average. Job growth will not be as rapid as during the last decade however, as the industry matures and some work is outsourced to foreign countries.。
联合国中文笔译员、逐字记录员、编辑征聘竞争性考试(2)
UNITED NATIONSNATIONS UNIESCompetitive Examinations for Chinese-language Translators, Verbatim Reporters and Editors 中文笔译员,逐字记录员,编辑征聘竞争性考试Part II 第二部分 Duration: one and a half hours 时间:一小时三十分钟INSTRUCTIONS 试卷说明 Translation into English of a general text in Chinese. 把一篇中文文章翻译成英文. Please write clearly on the answer booklet and leave a sufficient margin for correction. Answer written out of the margin will not be corrected. 请在答题纸上清楚工整地书写,并在边缘留足够的空白方便阅卷.书写到边缘外面 的答案无效,将不被批改.DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAMINATION BOOKLET UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO. DO NOT REMOVE ANY PAGE. 在监考官宣布考试开始前,请不要打开本试卷. 请不要将试卷的任何一页拆开带走.当今世界,和平与发展仍然是时代主题,全球总体上保持和平稳定, 国际形势继续走向缓和,沙龙同阿巴斯握手,叙利亚从黎巴嫩撤军, 伊拉克重建迈出新步伐,印巴关系继续改善, 六方会谈 达成联合声明, 亚齐自由运动宣布与印尼政府谋求和解……这些都使人们或多或少地 看到了黑暗中的烛光,人们似乎有理由感到一些乐观.大国关系在继 续改善,世界多极化,经济全球化,区域一体化深入发展. 但是,世界还很不安宁.边界纠纷,领土争端,地区冲突等传统安全 问题时有发生,中东问题依然蹉跎,伊拉克武装暴力穷期未见,美朝 岁末再生龃龉,伊朗核问题举步维艰,欧盟宪法遇到了不小的麻烦, 全球范围内的资源,能源,生产,技术,资金,信息配置,重组加 速,各国相互依存继续加深.世界格局和国际秩序之争愈演愈烈,在 联合国改革问题上,各国提出不同诉求,共识难求.恐怖主义仍然严 重威胁着世界的和平与安全,地震,飓风,禽流感仍然蹂躏着人们, 贫困,跨国犯罪,重大传染性疾病等非传统安全问题层出不穷. 面对挑战,国际社会应该根据联合国宪章的宗旨和原则,携手努力, 加强合作,促进不同文明对话,推动解决贫困落后,社会不公等问 题,消除恐怖主义产生的根源,有效打击一切形式的恐怖主义,以全 球性的合作应对全球性的挑战. (518 words)。
catti三级2013年5月真题
2013年5月三级笔译实务真题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)(50 points)文章来源：/2012/02/29/world/europe/spanish-village-in-debt-relies-on-volun teers.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers Stepped InHIGUERA DE LA SERENA, Spain — It didn’t take long for Manuel García Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything — and there was work that needed to be done.But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Ben ítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria Jos éCarmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up.And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain — young and old — do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park.“It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain’s troubles. Just as Spain’s national and regional governments are struggling with the collapse of the construction industry, overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns.But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped up where their government has failed. Mr. García says his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the same thing. He is serving without pay, as are the town’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job.“We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren’t sensible. We are in technical bankruptcy.” Even some money from the European Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said.Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home. But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns.The cultural center still has no bathrooms. The nursing home, a whitewashed building sits on the edge of town, still unopened. Together, they account for some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for electrical work, for musicians who played during holidays.Higuera de la Serena is not completely without workers. It still has a half-time librarian, two half-time street cleaners, someone part-time for the sports complex, a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the gym and sports complex — open four hours a day —must close.Section2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)(50 points)１０年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。
2013年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案
2013年5月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译真题及答案试题部分：Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese.It didn’t take long for Manuel García Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything — and there was work that needed to be done.But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to c lose down the day care center because it didn’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up.And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain — young and old — do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park.“I t was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm o f Spain’s troubles. Just as Spain’s national and regional governments are struggling with the collapse of the construction industry, overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns.But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped up where their government has failed. Mr. García says his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the same thing. He is serving without pay, as are the town’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job.“We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren’t sensible. We are in technical bankruptcy.” Even some money from the European Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said.Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, andtraditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home. But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns.The cultural center still has no bathrooms. The nursing home, a whitewashed building sits on the edge of town, still unopened. Together, they account for some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for electrical work, for musicians who played during holidays.Higuera de la Serena is not completely without workers. It still has a half-time librarian, two half-time street cleaners, someone part-time for the sports complex, a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the gym and sports complex —open four hours a day — must close.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) Translate the following passage into English.10 年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。
2013.11CATTI二级笔译真题
1. 英译汉第一篇：节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：Paris Employs a Few Black Sheep to Tend, and Eat, a City FieldThe archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delanoë has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjun ct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators — large, unleashed dogs, for instance — will be able to reach the ewes.Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the publicto the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, the sheep are doing here.But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.2. 英译汉第二篇：同样节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：N. Joseph Woodland, Inventor of the Bar Code, Dies at 91Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.The younger Mr. Woodland return ed to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with its elegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason —I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’ ”Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.。
2013年5月CATTI英译汉参考答案
2013年5月CATTI（全国翻译考试）考试英译汉参考答案For more than a decade，archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island. The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.1998年在印尼勿里洞岛附近发现了一艘公元九世纪的阿拉伯独桅帆船残骸。
超过十年的时间里，考古学家和历史学家一直在研究这艘沉船的装载物品。
发现此船残骸的海水潜水员没想到的是，这次发现被认为是20世纪后期最重要的海上发现之一。
The dhow was carrying a rich cargo —60，000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works —and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq. It also has revealed how China was mass-producingtrade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.这艘独桅帆装载了丰富的货物，包括60,000件陶瓷器和一系列黄金和白银制品，这证实了沿着中国唐朝到伊拉克阿巴斯王朝之间的海上丝绸之路的贸易是多么重要，也揭示了中国是如何大规模生产贸易货物，甚至根据客户需求定制货物，以适应西亚的客户。
lec2013年11月试卷一译文
lec2013年11月试卷一译文The translation of the 2013 November LEC exam paper is a challenging task that requires a deep understanding of both the source language and the target language. It involves not only linguistic skills but also cultural and contextual knowledge. In order to accurately convey the meaning and nuances of the original text, the translator must carefully consider the context, tone, and style of the source material.One of the key challenges in translating the exam paper is to ensure that the meaning of the questions and instructions is accurately conveyed in the target language. This requires not only a strong command of both languages but also an understanding of the specific terminology and conventions used in the field of education and testing. The translator must also be able to interpret the intent behind the questions and instructions in order to accurately convey the same meaning in the target language.Another challenge in translating the exam paper is to ensure that the language used in the translation is appropriate for the target audience. This requires the translator to consider the level of formality, tone, and style that is most suitable for the intended readers. For example, if the exam paper is intended for high school students, the language used in the translation should be clear, simple, and accessible. On the other hand, if the exam paper is intended for university students, the language used in the translation may be more formal and academic.In addition to linguistic and stylistic challenges, the translator must also consider the cultural and contextual differences between the source and target languages. This includes understanding the cultural references, idiomatic expressions, and social conventions that may be present in the original text. In order to accurately convey the meaning of the exam paper, the translator must be able to interpret and adapt these cultural elements in a way thatis meaningful and appropriate for the target audience.Overall, translating the 2013 November LEC exam paper requires a combination of linguistic, cultural, and contextual knowledge. The translator must be able to accurately convey the meaning and nuances of the original text while also considering the needs and expectations of the target audience. By carefully considering these factors, the translator can produce a translation that effectively communicates the content and intent of the exam paper inthe target language.。
2013年11月翻译资格考试三级笔译真题
《三级笔译实务》1. 英译汉：Beaverton: Oregon’s Most Diverse CityStroll through the farmers’ market and you will hear a plethora（过多）of languages and see a rainbow of faces. Drive down Canyon Road and stop for halal meat or Filipino pork belly at adjacent markets. Along the highway, browse the aisles of a giant Asian supermarket stocking fresh napa cabbage and mizuna or fresh kimchi. Head toward downtown and you’ll see loncheras — taco trucks — on street corners and hear Spanish banda music. On the city’s northern edge, you can sample Indian chat.漫步农贸市场，你会听到各种声音，看到形象色色的面孔。
驾车行驶在卡农大街上，沿路停下来买些清真肉制品或在邻近的市场上买些菲律宾猪肚。
沿着高速公路行驶，逛逛巨大的亚裔超市，放眼望去，那些新鲜的小白菜，日本沙拉菜还有朝鲜的新鲜泡菜陈列铺展在你的眼前。
向市中心开去，你能在街角看到卖墨西哥煎玉米卷的塔克卡车，还能听到西班牙班达乐队的音乐。
在城市北部边缘，你能品尝到印度菜。
Welcome to Beaverton, a Portland suburb that is home to Oregon’s fastest growing immigrant population. Once a rural community, Beaverton, population 87,000, is now the sixth largest city in Oregon —with immigration rates higher than those of Portland, Ore gon’s largestcity.欢迎来到波特兰市郊的比弗顿！这里有着俄勒冈州增长最快的移民群体。
2013年11月英语二级笔译真题及大师兄版参考译文
2013年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage1The archivists requested a donkey,but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which,as of Wednesday morning,were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipal archives building as the City of Paris’s newest,shaggiest lawn mowers.Mayor Bertrand Delano has made the environment a priority since his election in2001,with popular bike-and car-sharing programs,an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses,and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.The sheep,which are to mow(and,not inconsequentially,fertilize)an airy half-acre patch in the19th District intended in the same spirit.City Hall refers to the project as“eco-grazing,”and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy,gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building,assuming all goes well;similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.The sheep,from a rare,diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant,stand just about two feet high.Chosen for their hardiness,city officials said,they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high,yellow electrified fence.“This is really not a one-shot deal,”insisted RenéDutrey,the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development.Mr.Dutrey,a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers,noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about$335,though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives,and a security guard stands watch at the gate,so there is little risk that local predators—large,unleashed dogs,for instance—will be able to reach the ewes.Curious humans,however,are encouraged to visit the sheep,and perhaps the archives,too.The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives,and informational panels have been put in place to explain what,exactly,the sheep are doing here.“Myself,I wanted a donkey,”said Agnès Masson,the director of the archives,an ultramodern1990edifice built of concrete and glass.Sheep,it was decided,would be more appropriate.But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals.In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back,Ms.Masson said,someone must rush to put her back on her feet.Passage2Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept.6,1921.As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project,Mr.Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia(it is now Drexel University),earning a bachelor’s degree in1947.As an undergraduate,Mr.Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently.He planned to pursue the project commercially,but his father,who had come of age in“Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it:elevator music,he said,was controlled by the mob,and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.The younger Mr.Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree.In1948,a local supermarket executive visited the campus,where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data.The dean demurred,but Mr.Silver,a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation,was intrigued.He conscripted Mr.Woodland.An early idea of theirs,which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light,proved unworkable.But Mr.Woodland,convinced that a solution was close at hand,quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem.He holed up at his grandparents’home in Miami Beach,where he spent the winter of1948-49in a chair in the sand,thinking.To represent information visually,he realized,he would need a code.The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen,Mr.Woodland wondered one day,if Morse code,with its elegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential,were adapted graphically?He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,”Mr.Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in1999.“I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason—I didn’t know—I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines.I said:‘Golly!Now I have four lines,and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’”Today,bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life.All because a bright young man,his mind ablaze with dots and dashes,one day raked his fingers through the sand.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following two passages into English.Passage1据统计，今年国庆8天长假期间，全国发生了6.8万多起交通事故。
2013年翻译竞赛真题
河南省第五届翻译竞赛试题及参考译文笔译类英语专业组一、汉译英（50%）中国还没有形成勇于提问的风气杨福家曾经与耶鲁大学校长莱文讨论为什么那么多的耶鲁校友回报母校，其中大多数是本科毕业生。
莱文的回答很简单：因为他们认为学校改变了自己的一生。
莱文举了一个美国8岁小孩的例子。
一天上课，这个小孩对老师说，你写的字拼错了。
老师说“真的吗？让我查一下字典”。
这位小孩立刻说“不必查，我保证你拼错了”。
这个敢于质疑老师的小孩不仅没有被批评，反而被校长在家长会和全校大会上表扬了。
杨福家特别感慨，这是中美文化的不同之处：美国孩子放学了，父母会问：你今天问了多少个问题；而中国孩子放学了，父母会问：你今天考了多少分。
在他看来，这也是为什么一直回答不了钱学森之问的原因之一。
“中国没有形成质疑的环境，孩子从小就不敢提问。
然而，没有问题就不会有创造。
”杨福家说。
参考译文：Questioning Atmosphere Not Created in China YetMr. Yang Fujia once had a discussion with Levin, President of the Yale University, about why so many alumni of the University, most of whom were bachelor degree holders, made contributions to their alma mater. Levin gave a simple answer: “Because they believe their alma mater has changed their lives.”Levin gave an example of an eight-year old boy. One day in class, the boy said to his teacher: “You’ve made a mistake in spelling.” “Really? Let me look it up in the dictionary.” replied the teacher. “It’s not necessary. I’m sure about that”, responded the boy immediately.Instead of being scolded, the boy was praised by the headmaster at the parents’ meeting and the school assembly.Yang Jiafu heaved a deep sigh and said that it was due to the differences between Chinese culture and American culture: In America, when the children come back home from school, their parents usually ask them how many questions they have raised at school while Chinese parents may focus on their scores in examinations.In his opinion, that partly accounts for the lack of a satisfactory answer to Mr. Qian Xuesen’s question. “A questioning atmosphere has not been created in China yet. Children are discouraged from asking questions since their early days. But there will be no creation without questions.” Yang Fujia added.二、英译汉（50%）The Longevity Gap between Men and WomenA century ago American men outnumbered and outlived the women. But in the 20th century, women began living longer, primarily because pregnancy and childbirth had become less dangerous. The gap grew steadily. In 1946, for the first time ever in the United States, females outnumbered males.Part of the reasons are self-inflicted. Men smoke more than women, drink more and take more life-threatening chances. Men are murdered (usually by other men) three times as often as women are. They commit suicide at a higher rate and have more than twice as many fatal car accidents as women do. Men are more likely to be involved inalcohol-related fatalities.But behavior doesn’t explain away the longevity gap. Nor is stress the answer.In the 1950s, as heart disease claimed more and more male victims, pressure in the corporate boardroom was blamed. Let women venture out of the home and into the line of fire, doctors said, and they would begin dying at the same rate as men. But a funny thing happened on the way to the funeral.Between 1950 and 1985, the percentage of employed women in the United States nearly doubled. Those working women, several studies have found; are as healthy as women at home.Today, some scientists studying the gender gap believe that the data point to one conclusion: Mother Nature may be partial to women.参考译文：男女寿命差异一百年前，美国男性不仅数量比女性多，寿命也比女性长。
2013new真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2013)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN Part I DICTATION (10MIN)PARTⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk once only. While listening, you may look at ANWSER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to complete your work.Differences Between Chinese Cultures and American Cultures1.General differencesA.HistoryChina: a traditional centuries-old countryAmerica: a(n) (1) nationB.Cultural identityChina: long endured traditions and customsAmerica: a(n) (2) of cultures2.Specific differencesA.(3) .China: formal and hierarchicalAmerica: loose and (4) .B.Confrontation\ConflictChina: (5) direct conflict or confrontationAmerica: direct conflict or confrontation over issuesC.SelfChina: be willing to (6) for greater goodAmerica: look more at (7) .D.(8) and reputationChina: avoid humiliating actionsAmerica: getting the job done is more importantE.(9) .China: (10) comes ahead of businessAmerica: business is more importantSECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A,B,C,D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. CONVERSATION ONE1. A. She is so excited on Christmas day. B. She‟s amazed at the decorated Christmas tree.C. She spent much time decorating Christmas tree.D. She likes doing with all the trimmings.2. A. presents. B. fruits. C. sauce. D. meat.3. A. carrots. B. meat. C. sweet potatoes. D. roast turkey4. A. She wanted to talk to Rob. B. She had come to help Rob.C. She had been invited to lunch.D. She was interested in cooking.5. A. In a restaurant. B. In a pub. C. At home. D. In a shop. CONVERSATION TWO6. A. She wanted to know more about it. B. She was a new comer and felt lonely.C. She wanted to learn a new language.D. She was interested in social activities.7. A. It mainly organizes language activities. B. It accepts members from local students.C. It has been set up for a long time.D. It is increasing its membership.8. A. Italy. B. Australia. C. Japan. D. Korea.9. A. On Wednesday B. On Tuesday C. On Monday D. On Friday.10. A. Call up the woman for her address. B. Wait for the woman to call him again.C. Mail the woman some information.D. Wait for the woman to pick up a form.PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)11. Facing the board of directors, he didn‟t deny _____ breaking the agreement.A. himB. it C . his D. its12. Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions as a(n)____ in the sentence.A. appositive（同位语）B. objectC. adverbialD. complement13. Which of the following is a compound word （复合词）？A. Nonsmoker.B. Deadline.C. Meanness.D. Misfit.14. Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o‟clock.B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.15. The following determiners(限定词)can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPTA. more.B. enough.C. many.D. such.16. Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?A. She opened the door and quietly went in.B. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sports.C. Think it over again and you'll get an answer.D. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this.17. Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute(名词替代词)?A. Much.B. Neither.C. One.D. Quarter.18. All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPTA. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B. The President is coming to the UN next week.C. The school pupils will be home by now.D. He is going to email me the necessary information.19. Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?A. Politics are the art or science of government.B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me.C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.20. Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?A. The arrival of the tourists.B. The law of Newton.C. The occupation of the island.D. The plays of Oscar Wilde.21. to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A. AdheringB. AdoptingC. AdjustingD. Acquainting22. He is fed up with the same old dreary routine, and wants to quit his job. The underlined part meansA. dull.B. tiring.C. long.D. hard.23. At last night‟s party Larry said something that I thought was beyond me. The underlined part meansA. I was unable to do.B. I couldn‟t understand.C. I was unable to stop.D. I couldn‟t tolerate.24. The couple their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC. did withD. did up25. Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the for herself.A. creditB. attentionC. focusD. award26. The child nodded, apparently content with his mother‟s promise. The underlined part meansA. as far as one has learnt.B. as far as one is concerned.C. as far as one can see.D. as far as one is told.27. Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care over her work. The underlined part meansA. limited.B. unnecessary.C. overdue.D. much.28. The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injury in the event of an accident. The underlined part meansA. if an accident happens.B. if an accident can be prevented.C. before an accident.D. during an accident.29. Traditionally, local midwives would all the babies in the area.A. handleB. produceC. deliverD. help30. No food or drink is allowed on the premises. The underlined part meansA. proposition.B. advertisement.C. building.D. street.PART IV CLOZE [10MIN]A) define B) characteristic C) unique D) roots E) usuallyF) Basically G) earliest H) influenced I) followed J) modernK) explanation L) Conversely M) replaced N) prepare O) seldom Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its 31 lie mainly in blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style subsequently spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading ultimately to 32 rock music.The term “rock and roll” now covers at l east two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both 33 rock and roll as synonymous with rock music.34 , defines the term as referring specifically to the music of the 1950s.Classic rock and roll is 35 played with one or two electric guitars, a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the 36 rock and roll styles of the late 1940s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally 37 or supplemented by the guitar in the middle to late 1950s.The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a 38 social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, 39 lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially 40 backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply “rock music” or “rock”. PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONEThe art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messenging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication - but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people's hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1 pandemic（流行病）was announced, the idea of “swine flu”（猪流感）scared many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so theycould take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It's not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you're taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk（鼓舞士气的讲话）before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we're born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put to good use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.41. The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable becauseA. it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B. it has a big role to play in the entertainment business.C. it plays important roles in human communication.D. it is of great use in everyday-life context.42. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?A. Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems.B. Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics.C. The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers' speeches.D. Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.43. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Public speaking in international forums.B. The many uses of public speaking.C. Public speaking in daily life context.D. The rules of public speaking.PASSAGE TWOEvery business needs two things, says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden: inspiration and desperation. In 2001, Alden had both. He'd sold two snowboarding businesses, and he was desperately bored. But he had an idea: He wanted to make a new kind of headphone.“I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music,” he explains. Then I'm in a chairlift（索道）, I've got my headphones on, and I realize my phone is ringing. As 1 take my gloves off and reach for my phone, I think, “It can't be that tough to make headphones with two plugs, one for music and one for your cell phone.” Alden described what he want ed to a designer, perfected a prototype, and outsourced（外包）manufacturing overseas.Alden then started designing headphones into helmets, backpacks - anywhere that would make it easy to listen to music while snowboarding. “Selling into board and skate shop s wasn't a big research effort,” he explains. “Those were the only guys I knew!”Alden didn‟t want to be a manufacturer. And by outsourcing, he'd hoped he could get the business off the ground without debt. But he was wrong. So he asked his wife, “Can I p ut a mortgage（抵押贷款）on the house? She said, …What is the worst thing that can happen? We lose the house, we sell our cars, and we start all over again.‟ I definitely married the right woman!”For the next two years, Alden juggled mortgage payments and payments to his manufacturers. “Factories won't ship your product till they get paid,” he says. “But it takes four or five months to get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door. So we paid the factory first.” Gradually, non-snowboarders began to notice the colorful headphones. In 2006, the company started selling them in 1,400 FYE (For Your Entertainment) stores. “We knew that nine out often people walking into that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the first time. Why would they look at brands they knew and take home a new brand instead? We had agreed to buy back anything we didn‟tsell, but we were dealing with huge numbers. It‟d kill us to take back all the products.”Alden‟s fears faded as Skullcandy became the No. 1 headphone seller in those stores and tripled its revenue to $120 million in one year. His key insight was that headphones weren‟t gadgets; they were a fashion accessory. “In the beginning,” he says, “that little white wire that said you had an iPod—that was cool. Bu t now wearing the white bud means you‟re just like everyone else. Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visible.”Today, Skullcandy is America's second-largest headphone supplier, after Sony. With 79 employees, the company is bigger than Alden ever imagined.44. Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because heA. was no longer in snowboarding business.B. had no other business opportunities.C. was very fond of modern music.D. saw an inconvenience among mobile users.45. The new headphone was originally designed forA. snowboarders.B. motorcyclists.C. mountain hikers.D. marathon runners.PASSAGE THREEI was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Taj called.“Sit down,” she said.I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell. I laughed and said, “It can't be that bad.”But it was. Before the phone call, I had 30 years of retirement saving in a “safe” fund with a br illiant financial guru（金融大亨）.When I put down the phone, my savings were gone. I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason, was still breathing.Since Bernie Madoff‟s arrest on charges of running a $65 million Ponzi scheme, I've read many articles about how we investors should have known what was going on. I wish I could say I had reservations about Madoff before “the Call”, but I did not.On New Year's Eve, three weeks after we lost our savings, six of us Madoff people gathered at Taj's house for dinner. As we were sitting around the table, someone asked, “If you could have your money back right now, but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losing it, would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?”My husband was still in financial shock. He said, “I just want the money back.” I wasn't certain where I stood. I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open. I‟d been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost: always focused on the bite that was yet to come, not the one in my mouth. No matter how much I ate or had or experienced, it didn‟t satisfy me, because I wasn‟t really taking it in, wasn't absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention. Still, I couldn't honestly say that if someone had offered me the money back, I would turn it down.But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable, and they didn‟t think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability being ripped out from underneath them.My friend Michael said, “I‟d started to get complacent. It‟s as if the muscles of my heart started to atrophy （萎缩）. Now they‟re awake, alive—and I don‟t want to go back.”These weren‟t just empty words. Michael and his wife nee ded to take in boarders to meet their expenses. Taj was so broke that she was moving into someone‟s garage apartment in three weeks. Three friends had declared bankruptcy and weren't sure where or how they were going to live.46. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?A. Her friends valued their experience more.B. Her friends felt the same as she did.C. Her friends were in a better financial situation.D Her friends were more optimistic than she.47. What is the message of the passage?A. Desire for money is human nature.B. One has to be decisive during crises.C. Understanding gained is more important than money lost.D. It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises.PASSAGE FOURIn the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrentsof passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins. These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can‟t change your behaviour by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you're a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you‟ll probably do so, too. The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.Much of our behaviour, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that'll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don‟t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural （神经系统的）networks inside.To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you're probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don‟t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.48. Which of the following is a key element in the 19th-century character model?A. Passion.B. Action.C. Capability.D. Determination.49. The 19th-century model supposedly does not work becauseA. there were many other factors beyond one's control.B. it has worked unsatisfactorily most of the time.C. the comparison of free will to a dam is groundless.D. what one wishes to do should be considered carefully.50. We learn from the passage that the new character modelA. stresses the neural and psychological aspects of habit change.B. can bring about changes in one's life like what advertisers do.C. has been used to change behaviour successfully.D. deals better with emotional aspects of behaviour.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSPASSAGE ONE51. What is the author‟s view on “great speaking ability”?PASSAGE TWO52.How did Alden solve the money problem?53.What does Alden see headphones as?PASSAGE THREE54. What did the author learn from Taj‟s call?PASSAGE FOUR55. What can be implied from the research at Duke University?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Nowadays, such new ways of consumption as coupons, online group-buying have emerged. Will new ways of shopping really make us smart customers? The fol lowing are the supporters‟ and opponents‟ opinions. Read carefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200 words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from both sides and give your view on the issue.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization, language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.YES NOMost of the students do not have enough time to earn money and we have to live on our parents. So we collect all kinds of coupons, visit group-buying websites to save money. The world nowadays is changing rapidly and fashion comes and goes fast. If we can buy those shining goods at lower price, that will be very great.Such new ways of consumption asgroup-buying can be conducted online in just a few minutes. All you need to do is to get to the stores and enjoy yourselves. Products on sale may be sometimes of low quality and those group-buying deals are, in some cases, fake and misleading.More often than not, such new ways of consumption tempt us to buy goods not because of their high quality and suitability but out of impulse.Coupons and group-buying are not a on-trend treat offered by shopkeepers and manufacturers. Instead, they are actually marketing tricks. The only purpose of such tricks is to maximize profits.-THE END -。
2013到2011年CATTI二级笔译真题及参考答案
2013年11月英语二级《笔译实务》试题Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）The archivists requested a donkey, but what they got from the mayor’s office were four wary black sheep, which, as of Wednesday morning, were chewing away at a lumpy field of grass beside the municipa l archives building as the City of Paris’s newest, shaggiest lawn mowers. Mayor Bertrand Delano? has made the environment a priority since his election in 2001, with popular bike- and car-sharing programs, an expanded network of designated lanes for bicycles and buses, and an enormous project to pedestrianize the banks along much of the Seine.The sheep, which are to mow (and, not inconsequentially, fertilize) an airy half-acre patch in the 19th District intended in the same spirit. City Hall refers to the project as “eco-grazing,” and it notes that the four ewes will prevent the use of noisy, gas-guzzling mowers and cut down on the use of herbicides.Paris has plans for a slightly larger eco-grazing project not far from the archives building, assuming all goes well; similar projects have been under way in smaller towns in the region in recent years.The sheep, from a rare, diminutive Breton breed called Ouessant, stand just about two feet high. Chosen for their hardiness, city officials said, they will pasture here until October inside a three-foot-high, yellow electrified fence.“This is really not a one-shot deal,” insisted René Dutrey, the adjunct mayor for the environment and sustainable development. Mr. Dutrey, a fast-talking man in orange-striped Adidas Samba sneakers, noted that the sheep had cost the city a total of just about $335, though no further economic projections have been drawn up for the time being.A metal fence surrounds the grounds of the archives, and a security guard stands watch at the gate, so there is little risk that local predators — large, unleashed dogs, for instance — will be able to reach the ewes.Curious humans, however, are encouraged to visit the sheep, and perhaps the archives, too. The eco-grazing project began as an initiative to attract the public to the archives, and informational panels have been put in place to explain what, exactly, thesheep are doing here.But the archivists have had to be trained to care for the animals. In the unlikely event that a ewe should flip onto her back, Ms. Masson said, someone must rush to put her back on her feet.Part B Optional Translation（二选一题）Topic 1 （选题一）Norman Joseph Woodland was born in Atlantic City on Sept. 6, 1921. As a Boy Scout he learned Morse code, the spark that would ignite his invention.After spending World War II on the Manhattan Project , Mr. Woodland resumed his studies at the Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia (it is now Drexel University), earning a bachelor’s degree in 1947.As an undergraduate, Mr. Woodland perfected a system for delivering elevator music efficiently. He planned to pursue the project commercially, but his father, who had come of age in “Boardwalk Empire”-era Atlantic City, forbade it: elevator music, he said, was controlled by the mob, and no son of his was going to come within spitting distance.The younger Mr. Woodland returned to Drexel for a master’s degree. In 1948, a local supermarket executive visited the campus, where he implored a dean to develop an efficient means of encoding product data. The dean demurred, but Mr. Silver, a fellow graduate student who overheard their conversation, was intrigued. He conscripted Mr. Woodland.An early idea of theirs, which involved printing product information in fluorescent ink and reading it with ultraviolet light, proved unworkable.But Mr. Woodland, convinced that a solution was close at hand, quit graduate school to devote himself to the problem. He holed up at his grandparents’ home in Miami Beach, where he spent the winter of 1948-49 in a chair in the sand, thinking.To represent information visually, he realized, he would need a code. The only code he knew was the one he had learned in the Boy Scouts.What would happen, Mr. Woodland wondered one day, if Morse code, with itselegant simplicity and limitless combinatorial potential, were adapted graphically? He began trailing his fingers idly through the sand.“What I’m going to tell you sounds like a fairy tale,” Mr. Woodland told Smithsonian magazine in 1999. “I poked my four fingers into the sand and for whatever reason —I didn’t know — I pulled my hand toward me and drew four lines. Now I have four lines, and they could be wide lines and narrow lines instead of dots and dashes.’ ”Today, bar codes appears on the surface of almost every product of contemporary life. All because a bright young man, his mind ablaze with dots and dashes, one day raked his fingers through the sand.201211 Passage 1Tucked away in this small village in Buckinghamshire County is the former Elizabethan coaching inn where William Shakespeare is said to have penned part of "A Midsummer Night's Dream."Dating from 1534, the inn, now called Shakespeare House, is thought to have been built as a Tudor hunting lodge. Later it became a stop for travelers between London and Stratford-upon-Avon, where Shakespeare was born and buried.It was "Brief Lives," a 17th-century collection of biographies by John Aubrey, that linked Shakespeare to the inn, saying that he had stayed there and drawn inspiration for the comedy while in the village.One of the current owners, Nick Underwood, said the local lore goes even further: "It is also said he appears at the oriel window on the top floor of the house on April 23 every year -- the date he is said to have been born and to have died.""In later years, the house later became a farmhouse, with 150 acres of land, but, over time, pieces were sold off," Mr. Underwood said. "In the 20th century, it was owned by two American families." Now, he and his co-owner, Roy Elsbury, have put the seven-bedroom property on the market at ￡1.375 million, or $2.13 million. Despite its varied uses and renovations over the years, the 4,250-square-foot, or 395-square-meter, inn has retained so much of its original character that the organization English Heritage lists it as a Grade II* property, indicating that it is particularly important and of "more than special interest." Only 27 percent of the 1,600 buildings on the organization's register have this designation.We knew of the house before we bought it and were very excited when it came up for sale. It is so unusual to find an Elizabethan property of this size, in this area, and when we saw it, we absolutely fell in love with it," Mr. Underwood said. "We have taken great pleasure in working on it and living here. This house is all about the history."In addition to being the owners' home, the property currently is run as a luxury guest house, with rooms rented for ₤99 to ₤250 a night."Shakespeare House is a wonderful example of Elizabethan architecture," said DeanHeaviside, the national sales director of Fine real estate agency, which is representing the owners. "It has been beautif- ully restored and offers a unique lifestyle, which brings a taste of the past together with modern-day comfort. It is rare to find a home like this on the market."Passage 2The ancient frozen dome cloaking Greenland is so vast that pilots have crashed into what they thought was a cloud bank spanning the horizon. Flying over it, you can scarcely imagine that it could erode fast enough to dangerously raise sea levels any time soon.Along the flanks in spring and summer, however, the picture is very different. For an increasing number of warm years, a network of blue lakes and rivulets of melt-water has been spreading ever higher on the icecap.The melting surface darkens, absorbing up to four times as much energy from the sun as snow, which reflects sunlight. Natural drainpipes called moulins carry water from the surface into the depths, in some places reaching bedrock.The process slightly, but measurably, lubricates and accelerates the grinding passage of ice towards the sea.Most important, many glaciologists say, is the break-up of huge semi-submerged clots of ice where some large Greenland glaciers, particularly along the west coast, squeeze through fiords as they meet the warming ocean. As these passages have cleared, this has sharply accelerated the flow of many of these creeping, corrugated and frozen rivers.Some glaciologists fear that the rise in seas in a warming world could be much greater than the upper estimate of about 60 centimetres this century made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year. (Seas rose less than 30 centimetres last century.)The panel's assessment did not include factors known to contribute to ice flows but not understood well enough to estimate with confidence. SCIENTIFIC scramble is under way to clarify whether the erosion of the world's most vulnerable ice sheets, in Greenland and west Antarctica, can continue to accelerate. The effort involves fieldand satellite analyses and sifting for clues from past warm periods,Things are definitely far more serious than anyone would have thought five years ago. Passage 1中国是一个发展中国家。
2013年5月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案
2013年5月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及解答【英译汉】【试题1】Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year."It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle,a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, ma it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat."The people who are ma the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.【试题1参照译文】随着天气变暖，北极圈的冰层开始融化，海水涌上来开始侵蚀沿岸村落。
2013年9月PETS真题及答案（文字完整版）
第⼀部分 听⼒ 第⼀节 听下⾯5段对话，每段对话后有⼀个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。
每段对话仅读⼀遍。
1. What are the speakers talking about? [A] Who will attend the meeting. [B] When to announce the news. [C] What to discuss on Wednesday. 2. What will the man do? [A] Boil more water. [B] Have a cup of tea. [C] Make tea for Christine. 3. Why is Sheila late? [A] She forgot the time. [B] She had to finish work. [C] She argued with her boss. 4. What is the weather normally like? [A] Warm. [B] Rainy. [C] Cold. 5. What does the man mean? [A] He likes his professor. [B] He wants a new task. [C] He needs more time. 第⼆节 听下⾯5段对话或独⽩。
每段对话或独⽩后有2⾄4个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话或独⽩前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个⼩题；听完后，各⼩题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独⽩读两遍。
听下⾯⼀段对话，回答第6和第7题。
． 6. What happened to the man? [A] His car broke down. [B] He broke his phone. [C] He lost his way. 7. Why did the man fail to call the woman? [A] He had no time. [B] He forgot the number. [C] He had no coins. 听下⾯⼀段对话，回答第8⾄第10题。
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Passage 1
Pulling a sickie is not something I'm prone to do. And, while I'd like to say I feel sick, I don't. Not unless prewedding nerves, last-minute jitters, and horrific amounts of stress count.
But nevertheless this morning, I decided I deserved a day off -- hell, possibly even two -- so I phoned in first thing, knowing that as bad a liar as I am, it would be far easier to lie to Penny, the receptionist, than to my boss.
I did think vaguely about doing something delicious for myself today, something I'd never normally do. Manicures, pedicures, facials, things like that. But of course guilt has managed to prevail, and even though I live nowhere near my office in trendy Soho, I still know, beyond a shadow of a doubt, that should I venture outside on the one day I'm pretending to be sick, someone from work will just happen to be at the end of my street.
So here I am. Watching dreadful daytime television on a cold January morning (although I did just manage to catch an item on "updos for weddings", which may turn out to be incredibly useful), eating my way through a packet of custard creams (my last chance before the wedding diet goes into full acceleration), and wondering whether there would be any chance of finding a masseuse -- a proper one -- to come to the house at the last minute to soothe the knots of tension away.
The problem with feeling guilty about pulling sickies, as I now discover, is that you end up too terrified to leave the house, and therefore waste the entire day. And of course the less you do, the less you want to do, so by two o'clock I'm bored, listless, and sleepy. Rather than taking the easy option and going back to bed, I decide to
wake myself up with strong coffee, have a shower, and finally get dressed. (word count 324 words)。