上海交通大学出版社新书架——英语中高级口译岗位资格证书实考试卷汇编(IV)
英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9）1:(30 )A:: , a . . . .. . a (1) , . I (2) .(3). , (4). , (5) . a (6) , a , , , (7) .(8).. (9) ? I (10). , , , (11). , 30 , (12) !(一三). , , . (14)., (一五) , (16) . (17) .(一八), , . a ‘’ ‘’ . a , (19) . , (20).B:: . , . , . .1 5 .1. (A) 85 .(B) , .(C) .(D) .2. (A) .(B) a “ ” .(C) .(D) 100.3. (A) , , , .(B) , , , .(C) , , , .(D) , , , .4. (A) a .(B) .(C) a , .(D) , , .5. (A) .(B) .(C) a .(D) .6 10 .6. (A) 3 20 .(B) a .(C) .(D) 2050.7. (A) .(B) a ’s .(C) .(D) .(B) .(C) .(D) a .9. (A) 6 7.(B) 8 10.(C) 11 16.(D) 17 25.10. (A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .11 一五 .11. (A) A . (B) A . (C) . (D) .12. (A) .(B) .(C) . (D) .一三. (A) .(B) (C) A .(D) .14. (A) ——. (B) ——.(C) ——. (D) ——.一五. (A) . (B) . (C) . (D) .16 20 .16. (A) . (B) ’ .(C) , . (D) , .17. (A) . (B) ’ .(C) . (D) ’ .一八. (A) . (B) . (C) a . (D) a .19. (A) . (B) .(C) . (D) .20. (A) ’s .(B) ’s .(C) ’s .(D) ’ ’s .2:(30 ): . . , (A), (B), (C) (D), . .1—5a a a a . , , . , , ,a . , ’s , a , . ’s , , .’s . “ a , ’t ,” , a , a , 25 . ,a ’t . , , , .. a ’t , ’t , a a ’t . “ , ,” , a . “.” , . , . “ ’ , ,” ,a , ’ . , , “ a , ‘’ . , a .”, , . “ ’t . ,” , a ,a ’s . ’s a , , , . “ ,” , a a ( ), . , . , .1. ?(A) a .(B) a .(C) .(D) .(A)(B)(C)(D)3. ?(A) A ’s .(B) .(C) .(D) .4. “” “ ,” (.3) .(A)(B)(C)(D)5. “ ” (.4) .(A)(B)(C)(D)6—10: , , . a , ’ . , ., ’s . 1998, (), . , . a — a — a . , , “ ” . a , . “ ,” ., . ( a a .) , a 2005; ’s .’s . , —’t . “ a ,” , ., ’s , , . ? ’s , “I’m , .” , . , . “ a ’s ,” , . “ .”6. , , ’ , .(A)(B)(C)(D)7. “ ”(.2) .(A)(B) ’(C)(D) ’s8. “ ” “ ’s ” (.3) .(A)(B)(C)(D)9. “ ’s .”(.4), “ ” .(A)(B)(C)10. “ .” (.5), “ ” .(A) a(B) a(C) a(D) a11—一五’s , 50,000 . . : 3.5 ,a , . , . , , — . , : .20 , . ’s .? , ’ . , , ., , , , . a ’ . , , $800 . , , ’10 . , .a ; ’s . , , . .1960s, . ’t . , . , . . : , ;’s . . ’s .. , . , ( a a ).a ., . . . , , : 2 2020, . ,a . a , . . , , . ’s .11. ?(A) ’s .(B) .(C) .(D) ’s .12. “” “ ’s .” (. l) .(A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .一三. ’s ?(A) .(B) .(C) .(D) .14. “ .” (.4), .(A)(B)(C)(D)一五. ’s .(A)(B)(C)(D)16—20. , : ’s . —’s — ., , . ’s 2007 a 50 . a ’s , ’s a .A 50 “ a ” a ’s , , ., ’s a . a “ ,” , . , “ ” “ ,” .. , , a . : , . ’s ., ——, ’t “,” , a . —, , . , , ’s “” . . , .. , , ’s .’s 10 . . , a , , a .“’s a a a . ’s a ,” . . “ .”16. , : .(A) , , ’s(B) , ,(C) , ,(D) ’s , ,17. “ , , .” (.3), .(A)(B) ’s(C)(D)一八. a 50 ’s 2007 “ a ” (.4), .(A)(B)(C) ,(D)19. , ’s 10 .(A)(B)(C)(D)20. ?(A) a(B) ’s(C) .(D) 2007: A3:(30 ): .A . , — .“ ”—’s 14 一八68. 1 , , : “ , , .”, , , . , a , .“ ’t , a . ,” . “ a ; ’ ’ , I ’t .”4:(30 )A:: a . . , ” a a . .(1) , (2). ? (3) , . , a (4). (5) .a (6). (7) . (8) . (9) , 10% (10) , 5%(11). , , a (12).(一三). (14), (一五) (16). ’t . ’s ’s (17) ., (一八) . , ? (19). ’t a (20), , ’t a !B:1.: , 5 . . , .(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2.: , 2 . . , . .(1)(2)5:(30 ): . .1—35,000 , a . a , a ., . , , a , a : “”. 60 一五 . A a ,, , a 8 , , 6. 一五 5. 6½, 8.. “ . ,” . “ . a . .a .”, , a . “ a a ,” . .’s , , a , , .. £24 a , 75 ., , ’s . “ ’t a . a , a . , ,” .’S A24 a75aa .7,000, ,6191. ?2. ’s ? a .3. ’s ’s ?4—6’d , . . “ a ,” . “ .”. ’s . ’s , a , , ’s . “ a , ,” ,a . “ a .”. , . “ ,” . ’s a , , a . “’ a a ,” ’s . “ a , ’t , ‘’ .’“’s a ’s , 1988, a . , , : A , ’s . “I ’t ,90 ,” . “ a , I ’t .”a . “ , a ,” . . “ ... .”, , , . , . “ ... ” , ’s . “[’s] a .” (512 )4. ’s ? “ a ”?5. ’s ? ’s ?6. :a) “ a .”(.2)b) “ a , I ’t .”(.4)7—10, 90 a . . . . . a ., a a , ’s . , , .’s 256 , 一三 . , — . , .a . a a , . “ 1 2001, ,” , 20, a . “ , ..” a a $195,000 26 . a , a a . “ ,” ., , . , a 一五% .. , , . “ I , ,” , a 1990s .“ , ,” . “ . ’t .” . , “ [ ] [] .”11% 1999. , a , 3.0 , . ’s .’s , ’s ’s . , ’s : . “ 21 ,” . “ .” (651 )8. 4 “ a .”9. “ ” (.6)?10. “ ” ? ?6:(30 ):中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。
最新英语高级口译考试笔试真题和答案
最新英语高级口译考试笔试真题和答案英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.Business people spend quite a lot of time in meetings and meetings come in all shapes and sizes: ranging from ____________(1) to informal one-to-one meetings. There are _____________(2) why meetings are held: reaching decisions in a meeting means that all the participants can ________ (3) the decision: more information is available; and different ideas can be contributed.Meetings can lead to more________(4): often more courageous decisions than one person might feel brave enough to make.But meetings also_____________(5): more time is required; theres more talk, sometimes irrelevant and repetitive; and__________________(6).The more people there are at a meeting, the longer it may take to reach a decision. There_____________(7) for meetings, depending on the purpose a meeting where information is being given to people can be quite large, as questions________________(8) may be asked by a few individuals on everyone elses behalf.The way a committee operates often depends on__________________(9) or chairperson: he or she may control the proceedings or__________(10) whenever they want. An effectivechairperson should be flexible. In some meetings the mernbers have to________(11) before a decision can be made: formal proposals or “motions ” may have to be tabled,_________(12) before a vote can taken. Other meeting may require__________(13) everyone has to agree.Most meetings have an agenda. For a formal meeting, this document may be____________(14) to all participants. For an informal meeting, the agenda may simply be____________(15) that have to be dealt with. The purpose of an agenda______________(16) the meeting and keep everyone to the point. The agenda for a formal meeting must be organized_______________(17). Often the agenda shows not only the topics but also ____________(18) regarding each topic. All items on which a decision is to be taken should appear on the agenda.One-to-one small informal meetings also tend to be ___________ (19). They are different from _____________ (20) in a corridor or over coffee. Small informal meetings may also take place or continue during a meal.Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, comversations and questions will be spoken only once. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) The comparison in cost of living between different countries.(B) The advantages and disadvantages of working in different places.(C) Where to spend their forthcoming holidays.(D) Which university their eldest son should attend.2. (A) Hamburg. (B) Frankfurt.(C) Munich. (D) Berlin.3. (A) It is the highest.(B) It is the lowest.(C) It comes in between the other twojobs.(D) No such comparison is made in the conversation.4. (A) One year. (B) Around two years.(C) No more than five years. (D) Between five and ten years.5. (A) The cost of living Germany is approximately the same as in Britain.(B) They agree that Munich would be the best city to live in.(C) The Frankfurt job will help the mans career most.(D) Their children dont like winter sports.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) The project will go ahead whatever happens.(B) The project has to be cancelled because its too expensive.(C) The project will stop if the U.S. and Russia reach a new arms agreement.(D) The project will be debated in Congress before he approves it.7. (A) The United Kingdom. (B) Belgium.(C) The United States. (D) Russia.8. (A) 7.5% (B) 8%(C) 12% (D) 13%9. (A) He visited an exhibition of robots.(B) He talked with a group of car manufacturers.(C) He chaired an industrial meeting.(D) He opened a new car factory.10.(A) Water pollution.(B) Hot weather.(C) An excessive demand for water.(D) Bad management of the local water authorities. Question 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11.(A) She had originally been trained at college for that job.(B) She has been suffering from serious anorexia.(C) She found the job terribly enjoyable.(D) She went into the job more or less by chance.12.(A) An infant teacher. (B) A child psychologist.(C) An exercise teacher. (D) A hypnotist.13.(A) Because she thought thejob wasnt very exciting.(B) Because the pay wasnt so good as she had expected.(C) Because she has developed a serious eating problem.(D) Because she was going to leave America.14.(A) Because she has made a mistake in teaching exercises.(B) Because she was impressed by his skill.(C) Because she has got a minor eating problem.(D) Because she intended to go into this profession.15.(A) People with various sleeping problems.(B) Peoople who has very low self images.(C) People who were putting on weight.(D) People who wanted to go into the profession. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16.(A) The board of directiors.(B) The company shareholders.(C) The department managers of the company.(D) A group of investment analysts.17.(A) The companys past performance.(B) The companys expansion plan.(C) The promotion of the companys new product.(D) The improvement of the companys management.18.(A) Advertising. (B) Market analysis and counselling.(C) Home security systems. (D) Grass mowers.19.(A) Bad market conditions. (B) Competition from rivals.(C) Faulty products. (D) Inadequate after-sales service.20.(A) 1.1 million dollars. (B) 5.5 million dollars.(C) 5.6 million dollars. (D) 6.6 million dollars.。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第二阶段口译部分模拟题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第二阶段口译部分模拟题（一）Part APassage One:Thank you very much. First, I’d like to thank you, Mr. President, for your wonderful introduction. I also want to thank members of the diplomatic corps who are here and several members of the Administration.I also want you to know that I do know a good deal about Georgetown.非常感谢。
首先，我想对校长精彩的介绍道声谢。
其次我还想感谢众位外交使节和几位政府官员莅临现场。
我也想告诉各位，对于乔治敦大学，我还是知之甚多的。
It is because this is a fine school of foreign service for which we all owe a debt of gratitude for the people that you have trained, for the people who have come to us in government, for the people from whom I have learned as an academic. This is also a fine university in general, a university that is well known for its dedication to learning, but also its dedication to universal values and to social justice.究其原因，其一是因为这是一所在外交方面著名学府，从这里走出了服务政府的济济人才，也走出了我本人在学术上十分景仰的专业人士。
上海市高级口译考试翻译部分真题集
历年高级口译考题翻译部分精解第一套英译中Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.中译英1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥——奉浦大桥。
(岗位职责)英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here.Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8).Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________ (10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise!Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14).With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living.Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’ and ‘minds-on’ learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONL Y ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the “oldest old” people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste.14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’ appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’ education more well-rounded.(C) To investig ate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’ math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months. (D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’ and the children’s attitude.SECTION 2: READING TEST(30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in yourANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1—5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It’s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disabi lity, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at ho me, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. “Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, a nd it blocks them from thinking about the long term,” says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. “You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.” Ove r the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. “The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable,” says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’ interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, “parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to the ir children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different lev els of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. “These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist a nd president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’s academic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world b eyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word “malleable” in the clause “that their intelligence is malleable,” (para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression “to disabuse them of the notion” (para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’ search behav ior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the gover nment has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology doe s a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,” says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attor ney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ searchbehavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’ privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s business secret8. The phrase “scaled back to” in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries” (para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression “sink its own case” most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.” (para.5), the expression “Big Brother” is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organizationQuestions 11—15On New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenya n jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ tradit ional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American a nd other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s intere sts to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word “encapsulates” in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.” (para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.” (para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold.The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’s proposed budget for fiscal 2007 calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut “is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut” in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary sci entist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its re port about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a “radical conclusion,” acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, “we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments” that might have rolled out the welcome mat “for living organisms,” she concludes.Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near its unexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed several explanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vapor billowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood.Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be “luxuriant,” notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive it. Still, he adds, it’s prematu re to cross the moon off the list of possible “outposts” for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cut s. The proposed reductions post several challenges, researchers say.One is the loss of important financial leverage. While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies, such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health, NASA’s program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous fieldwork into exciting results.One of the biggest successes over the program’s 10-year history has been to help revolutionize the way science is done. Answering questions about the origins of life on Earth and the prospects for life elsewhere require strong collaborations. From radio astronomers to biologists and geologists studying the evolution of Earth, groups are working together in ways they never thought of a decade ago, adds Edward Young, a geochemist at the University of California at Los Angeles.“NASA’s made a lot of progress by making a relatively small investment in a way that has brought disparate experts together from the whole spectrum of physical and biological sciences. It’s a wonderful lesson on how to make progress by crossing these boundaries,” Dr. Solomon says. “It would be regrettable to stop that experiment.”16. According to the passage, simple forms of life might be found on the following heavenly bodies in the solar system: ________.(A) Europa, Titan, Earth’s moon and Mars(B) Europa, Mars, Titan and Enceladus(C) Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Enceladus(D) Earth’s moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn17. When the author says “The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists.” (para.3), he most probably means that the discovery _________.(A) greatly discourages scientists。
上海中高级口译考试全解析
上海中高级口译考试全解析上海外语口译资格证书考试已经进行了将近十年，目前报考的人数越来越多，依然有很多第一次接触到口译考试的朋友对此考试感到疑惑，这里出一个解答的汇总，希望能解决大家心中的疑问1、口译报考新手入门常见问题解答2、英语中高级口译考试考试对象、考试流程、证书用途口译报考新手入门常见问题解答上海市外语口译证书考试还有很多别名。
比如我们通常叫的上海口译考试、中高级口译证书考试……目前十分火热，且报考人数连年增长，这里针对新手报考口译考试通常会遇到的一些问题做了一系列整理，帮大家理清思路，搞清楚这到底是个怎样的口译考试问：什么是上海市外语口译证书考试？答：上海市外语口译证书考试是上海紧缺人才培训工程重要项目之一，由上海市高校浦东继续教育中心（PCEC）负责组织实施。
自1995年6月开考到现在，已有几十万人报考。
考试通过者（含笔试和口试）获得由上海紧缺人才培训工程联席会议办公室颁发的《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》问：上海市外语口译证书考试有哪些考试项目？答：目前的考试项目有四个。
它们是英语高级口译、英语中级口译、日语口译、英语口译基础能力。
问：这四个项目的考试费用是怎样的？答：在上海地区，考试收费标准由上海市物价部门审核批准。
英语高级口译笔试、口试各210元；英语中级口译笔试、口试各180元；日语口译笔试、口试各200元；英语基础能力笔试、口试共200元。
（以上费用为上海地区考务费、报名费，外省市考点的考生另增加代办费）。
也就是说不同地区的报名费会略有高低不同，以当地报名点的报名费用为主。
问：通过考试，我可以拿到什么证书？答：英语高级口译、英语中级口译、日语口译笔试、口试全部合格者颁发《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》；笔试合格者可办理《上海市外语口译笔试合格证书》；对英语口译基础能力笔试、口试全部合格者颁发《上海市英语口译基础能力合格证书》。
问：要拿到《上海市外语口译岗位资格证书》，我需要通过哪几项考试？答：上海市外语口译证书考试通常分为两部分，即笔试和口试。
上海外语口译证书考试：2022英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试真题模拟及答案(2)
上海外语口译证书考试：2022英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试真题模拟及答案(2)1、We can conclude from the passage that “binge drinking” means ______.（单选题）A. a period of excessive indulgence in drinkingB. group drinking in the streetC. drinking for love affairD. mixed strong alcohol drinking试题答案：A2、Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?（单选题）A. New England winters are cold.B. Some taxi drivers are impolite.C. The U. S. A is a popular place for tourists.D. Hotel staff are often sympathetic.试题答案：D3、Why didn’t Felix go back to England when the war started?（单选题）A. His parents wanted him to be with them.B. His mother would not agree to his going.C. His father intended to teach Felix himself.D. He himself did not really want to go.试题答案：B4、The expression “fared best” in the sentence “During the 1960s and 1970s, and again after 1992, the poorest groups fared best.” in para. 8 can be paraphrased by which of the following?（单选题）A. obtained higher incomeB. lived a better lifeC. enjoyed more equalityD. paid lower income tax试题答案：B5、From the last paragraph the author tells us that ______.（单选题）A. economy is the only reason for small car’s popularity.B. the size of a car also does matter to people in their 20sC. Honda is better than Suburban in terms of quality.D. small car already has been popular for 10 years.试题答案：B6、In the United States, both genomicists and plant scientists want to find out ______.（单选题）A. the way converting sugars from crops such as corn or sugarcane to ethanol.B. how to process cellulose from the cell walls of stems and leaves.C. how to increase the oil content of oil-producing crops.D. how to make high-energy plants.试题答案：D7、Which of the following is most clearly similar to a cline as it is described in the second paragraph of the text?（单选题）A. A vegetable market in which the various items are grouped according to place of origin.B. A wheat field in which different varieties of wheat are planted to yield a crop that will bring the maximum profit.C. A flower stall in which the various species of flowers are arranged according to their price.D. A housing development in which the length of the front struts supporting the porch of each house increases as houses are built up the hill.试题答案：D8、African Americans stopped using chemical straighteners or hot irons because ______.（单选题）A. they reversed the attitude the white people had towards themB. they started to see beauty in their thick curly hairC. they feel good and comfortable in being differentD. they accepted the white standards of beauty试题答案：B9、In the United States, both genomicists and plant scientists want to find out ______.（单选题）A. the way converting sugars from crops such as corn or sugarcane to ethanol.B. how to process cellulose from the cell walls of stems and leaves.C. how to increase the oil content of oil-producing crops.D. how to make high-energy plants.试题答案：D10、It can be inferred from the Text that public services ______.（单选题）A. have benefited many peopleB. are the focus of public attentionC. are an inappropriate subject for humorD. have often been the laughing stock试题答案：D11、The author of the text puts the word “deepest” (line 13, paragraph 3) in quotation marks most probably in order to ______.（单选题）A. signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians’ claims for their workB. draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians’ methodC. emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians’ method and that of psychohistoriansD. disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians’ claims from her opinion of their method试题答案：A12、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about Andry Rajoelina?（单选题）A. He represents Antananarivo’s poor urban residents.B. He is not accepted by most countries.C. He was mayor of Antananarivo.D. He has been a famous orator throughout Madagascar.试题答案：D13、The author cites the dog as an example of artificial selection because of all the following statements EXCEPT that ______.（单选题）A. Dogs are domestic animalsB. The dog is one of nature’s survivorsC. Breeders register dogs to obtain a pedigreeD. Humans have been the primary agents in dog evolution试题答案：B14、This report ______.（单选题）A. was commissioned by the governmentB. agrees new ways of workingC. aims to find out how much the universities in the UK have been affected by the economy crisisD. represents universities aiming to get more government funds on education试题答案：B15、What can NOT be concluded from Brown’s visit to the US last month?（单选题）A. Brown was not warmly welcomed.B. Obama is coming to make up for the cold reception that Brown got.C. There was no formal news conference.D. Brown made a speech on the American Congress.试题答案：D16、Mount Rushmore needs to be ______.（单选题）A. protected from air pollutionB. polished for touristsC. closed during the winterD. repaired periodically试题答案：D17、According to the passage, why is the happiness of the general public a difficult subject for the government?（单选题）A. It can not be adequately explained by statistical data.B. It is not related to a culture of short-termism.C. People need to cope with inflation and unemployment first.D. People place too much value on happiness and well-being.试题答案：A18、How do many traditional societies see the use of one’s family name?（单选题）A. It is a way to keep distant from another person.B. It is seen as a sign of respect.C. It is a sign of importance.D. It is a sign of gratitude试题答案：B19、It can be concluded from the passage that the Emory University has collected the archives of all the following British poets EXCEPT ______.（单选题）A. Ted HughesB. Andrew MotionC. W B YeatsD. Seamus Heaney试题答案：B20、Which of the following is true about the support for environment?（单选题）A. South Korea turns back to ecological crisis.B. Those who spent more on support for finance had stronger green spending.C. The UK’s shares of the stimulus package in green measures was around 15%.D. The G20 Summit had little space for talk on environment crisis.试题答案：D21、The word “aggravate” (para 2) is closest in meaning to “ ______”.（单选题）A. make clearB. encounterC. settleD. make serious试题答案：D22、Hiper is being planned ______.（单选题）A. to compete with NIFB. because NIF experiment, even successful, would not produce enough energy to run a nuclear fusion plantC. to use the same laser technology but on a larger scaleD. to demonstrate the feasibility of nuclear fusion试题答案：B23、People trusted Freud because ______.（单选题）A. they found it hard to believe the astrologersB. Freudian theory sounded reasonableC. they couldn’t make a sensible judgmentD. they wanted to have insights into human beings试题答案：B24、The word “imprimatur” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ______.（单选题）A. dislikeB. betrayalC. approvalD. suspicion试题答案：C25、According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the woman?（单选题）A. She is married to a school teacher.B. Her eyes move around a lot at times.C. She is ten years older than Jerome.D. She has found what she is looking for.试题答案：D26、According to the passage, Borglum’s son ______.（单选题）A. is deadB. was a presidentC. did maintenance workD. spent a million dollars试题答案：A27、Which of the following is true about the witness of the attack?（单选题）A. Very few witnesses were at the site.B. A lot of witnesses have been interrogated seriously.C. Some witnesses were inside the academy during the attack.D. No witness dares to describe the scene.试题答案：C28、Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?（单选题）A. The extra increase in benefit rates for families with young children is more important than other issues.B. To reduce poverty, the most important thing is to lower unemployment.C. To narrow the gap between rich and poor, the benefit rates should be raised higher than inflation rate.D. The government’s welfare reform programme has met strong criticism and opposition.试题答案：C29、According the passage, it can be concluded that ______.（单选题）A. the UK government does not want to change the not-so-good concept of home birthB. the UK medical bodies are not ready for more home birthsC. the UK medical bodies are ready to meet the demand for home birthsD. there will soon be a quick increase of home birth试题答案：B30、The sentence “Nature doesn’t do bailouts.” in para 2 means ______.（单选题）A. governments should spend much more on environmental crisisB. nature is fragile and, once shifts, hard to shift backC. environmentalists encourage a larger share of the stimulus packageD. nature can give us more than banks试题答案：B31、What is the role the T5 plays?（单选题）A. Throttles up and down to counteract the buffeting from air molecules.B. Feels the subtle variations in Earth’s tug.C. Helps accelerometers surive the launchD. Provides powerful force to counteract the drag on Goce.试题答案：A32、All of the following are mentioned as sources of energy of rural agricultural societies EXCEPT ______.（单选题）A. firewoodB. dung cakeC. solar powerD. agricultural waste试题答案：C33、The expression “flummoxed by” in the sentence “Politicians, obsessed with inputs and outputs, targets and controls, are flummoxed by immeasurable concepts such as the value people place on spending time with their families.”(para.2) can best be replaced by ______.（单选题）A. confronted withB. fascinated withC. perplexed byD. haunted by试题答案：C34、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?（单选题）A. A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionals.B. The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.C. People would expect that those who can’t help themselves are poor.D. The professionals don’t cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.试题答案：A35、The following can be concluded from the demonstration EXCEPT ______.（单选题）A. anti-capitalist groups plan to protestB. G20 Meltdown’s demonstrations would be peacefulC. Lib Dem MPs would possibly bring big troubles to the policeD. the security plan would cost 27.5m试题答案：C36、We can NOT conclude that the accelerometers ______.（单选题）A. are bound into three pairsB. are able to sense fantastically small disturbancesC. keep the satellite stable and prevent it from falling out of the skyD. contain some very fragile mechanisms试题答案：C37、Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?（单选题）A. Most average teachers want to leave school because of high pressure.B. Excellent teachers often leave schools for better jobs.C. The average quality of the teachers in America is declining.D. Teachers’ quality is closely related to a number of factors.试题答案：A38、Wherever you are in the U. S., the most important factor in surviving cardiac arrest is ______.（单选题）A. to keep tracking outcomes of the cases.B. to have very well-organized EMS system.C. to make people well-informed before an emergency.D. to have rapid treatment with as little delay as possible.试题答案：D39、According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor ______.（单选题）A. throughout the flightB. during takeoffs and sC. especially during landingsD. in case of an accident试题答案：B40、The expression “fared best” in the sentence “During the 1960s and 1970s, and again after 1992, the poorest groups fared best.” in para. 8 can be paraphrased by which of the following?（单选题）A. obtained higher incomeB. lived a better lifeC. enjoyed more equalityD. paid lower income tax试题答案：B41、People are more likely to survive fires in the aircraft if they ______.（单选题）A. keep their heads lowB. wear a safety beltC. don’t smoke in or near a planeD. read airline safety statistics试题答案：A42、According to the passage, the use of an adjustable mirror increases the oven temperature by ______.（单选题）A. 80-120 degrees CelsiusB. at least 80 degrees CelsiusC. up to 30 degrees CelsiusD. up to 15 degrees Celsius试题答案：C43、As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by ______.（单选题）A. intensely active brainwave tracesB. subjects’ quicker response timesC. complicated memory patternsD. revival of events in the previous day试题答案：A44、The following aspects explain why Spaniards have a minor alcohol problem EXCEPT ______.（单选题）A. small beer glassB. family drinkingC. high social tolerance for alcohol consumptionD. early drinking years试题答案：D45、We can conclude from the passage that the author’s attitude towards Brazil is ______.（单选题）A. with great respectB. neutral and understandingC. favorable with a bit contemptD. critical试题答案：C46、Andry Rajoelina’s No.1 concern lies in ______.（单选题）A. international recognitionB. cohesion in the armyC. having the administrative staff backD. economy program试题答案：B47、The following contribute to the likeliness of Mr. Morales’s winning the latest poll EXCEPT ______.（单选题）A. his abolishing Catholicism as state religionB. his continuing popularityC. his concessions to the CongressD. divisions within the opposition试题答案：A48、Shadow chancellor George Osborne holds that ______.（单选题）A. London is not capable of hosting the summitB. Lord Myners should not have signed off Sir Fred Goodwin’s pensionC. there was no “common ground” on the G20D. the UK government’s entire economic strategy has fallen apart试题答案：B49、Mr. Morales’s concessions exclude ______.（单选题）A. restriction of his candidature as president to a single five-year termB. autonomy, land reformC. limits on land ownership will not be retroactiveD. loosening state control over the country’s natural resources试题答案：D50、Which of the following is true about the support for environment?（单选题）A. South Korea turns back to ecological crisis.B. Those who spent more on support for finance had stronger green spending.C. The UK’s shares of the stimulus package in green measures was around 15%.D. The G20 Summit had little space for talk on environment crisis.试题答案：D51、Dr Iyaid Sarraj ______.（单选题）A. believes only a small proportion of them are interested in militant activityB. thinks the generation that saw their fathers beaten by Israeli troops would grow more violentC. senses more Palestinians strengthen their view that only violence can fight back IsraelD. believes his rich experience will make treatment easier试题答案：B52、The author quotes U. N. Secretary General’s remark in the last paragraph mainly to demonstrate that ______.（单选题）A. telephone is more important to the poor than the WebB. digital revolution will be welcomed by the poorC. the gap between the rich and the poor can be wider in the information ageD. half the world’s population will benefit from knowledge explosion试题答案：C53、The expression “flummoxed by” in the sentence “Politicians, obsessed with inputs and outputs, targets and controls, are flummoxed by immeasurable concepts such as the value people place on spending time with their families.”(para.2) can best be replaced by ______.（单选题）A. confronted withB. fascinated withC. perplexed byD. haunted by试题答案：C54、In their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of ______.（单选题）A. exposing a long-held folk wisdomB. clarifying the predictions on dreamsC. making contrasts and comparisonsD. correlating effects with their causes试题答案：C55、What is the main topic of this passage?（单选题）A. The increasing rate of crime in London.B. The center of England’s cultural diversity.C. The people’s criticism of London police.D. The poor inter-racial relations in London.试题答案：D56、The demonstrations ______.（单选题）A. which once supported Andry Rajoelina have been replaced by the ones against himB. are spreading nationwideC. are being cracked down by the militaryD. show most people in Madagascar don’t accept the new president试题答案：A57、Which of the following is what the Pakistan officials have done?（单选题）A. They counted the number clearly.B. They gave official exact figures to the media.C. They gegan being serious about the militant threat.D. They claimed the attackers were sent by Baitullah Mehsud.试题答案：D58、What does the author mean by “The earlier slight may be more manufactured than real.” in para. 4?（单选题）A. Obama was not well prepared for Brown’s visit.B. Obama arranged the reception low profile on purpose to show his not-so-warm relationship with Europe.C. Both Obama and Brown arranged it on purpose to keep the achievement of the G20 summit not so highly expected.D. The difference on the aim of the G20 summit divides the US and the UK.试题答案：C59、The word “domestic”(paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to ______.（单选题）A. industrialB. agriculturalC. naturalD. household试题答案：D60、The passage implies that ______.（单选题）A. the fever process is widespread because moderate fevers have benefitsB. the reduction of fevers can inhibit bacterial growthC. man can use sun lamp to raise lizards’ temperatureD. Crayfish injected with bacteria have a purpose for moving to hot areas试题答案：D61、The choice of gifts tells us that the circulation managers ______.（单选题）A. despised their readersB. wanted to educate their readersC. understood their readersD. enjoyed being powerful试题答案：C62、It can be inferred from the passage that newspapers in the 1920s and 1930s offered their readers gifts in order to ______.（单选题）A. spread popular educationB. increase their circulationC. improve social conditionsD. enrich their readers' knowledge试题答案：B63、The following aspects explain why Spaniards have a minor alcohol problem EXCEPT ______.（单选题）A. small beer glassB. family drinkingC. high social tolerance for alcohol consumptionD. early drinking years试题答案：D64、Baitullah Mehsud is accused of ______.（单选题）A. the attack on the Manawan police academyB. brutal attack in South WaziristanC. assassination of former PM Benazir BhuttoD. the daring attack on Sri Lankan cricketers in Lahore试题答案：B65、The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans ______.（单选题）A. to bring about the uniformity of their cultureB. to regain their consensus about a common experienceC. to stay away from negative feelings in their lifeD. to counteract the effects of consensus about society试题答案：C66、The expression “separate the wheat from the chaff in the teaching profession”is closest in meaning to ______.（单选题）A. distinguish better teachers from less capable onesB. differentiate young teachers from old onesC. tell the essential qualities of good teachingD. reevaluate the role of senior teachers试题答案：A67、How many states in the United States have banned smoking in restaurants?（单选题）A. 12.B. 13.C. 14.D. 15.试题答案：B68、The passage implies that ______.（单选题）A. the fever process is widespread because moderate fevers have benefitsB. the reduction of fevers can inhibit bacterial growthC. man can use sun lamp to raise lizards’ temperatureD. Crayfish injected with bacteria have a purpose for moving to hot areas试题答案：D69、According to Ericsson, good memory ______.（单选题）A. depends on meaningful processing of informationB. results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercisesC. is determined by genetic rather than psychological factorsD. requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration试题答案：D70、Which of the following is NOT true about the NIF?（单选题）A. NIF contains the world’s most powerful laser.B. NIF experiments will not get significant results until after 2010.C. NIF is by far the only experimental facility aimed at demonstrating the building blocks of nuclear fusion.D. NIF is at the beginning of its experimental life.试题答案：C71、We can conclude from the passage that the author’s attitude towards Brazil is ______.（单选题）A. with great respectB. neutral and understandingC. favorable with a bit contemptD. critical试题答案：C72、Fevers cause ______.（单选题）A. prostaglandins to be formedB. iron to be made available to bacteriaC. leukocytes to be more mobileD. lizards to be cold-blooded animals试题答案：C73、Mr. Morales’s concessions exclude ______.（单选题）A. restriction of his candidature as president to a single five-year termB. autonomy, land reformC. limits on land ownership will not be retroactiveD. loosening state control over the country’s natural resources试题答案：D74、Which of the following statements is true?（单选题）A. Developing fever is the privilege of warm-blooded animals, so sick lizards cannot run a fever.B. Invertebrates also have the ability to raise their temperature.C. The internal temperatures of warm-blooded creatures are independent of the weather, so are the cold-blooded animals.D. Sick lizards move into the sun to develop fever.试题答案：B75、What does “this” in “Even expecting this... ” (para.2) refer to?（单选题）A. The distance between San Francisco and New York.B. The vastness of the country.C. The size of the Mediterranean Sea.D. The country’s borders.试题答案：B76、The passage suggests that the forum ______.（单选题）A. has provided a solution to the global economy crisisB. cast the attendants in a deeper depressionC. managed to reach a deal to help the poorest outD. failed to get any solid useful agreement试题答案：D77、This passage is mainly about ______.（单选题）A. deforestation in the rural agricultural societiesB. use of rice husks as an insulation materialC. design and use of a solar ovenD. maintenance of temperature in a solar oven试题答案：C78、The author implies that Beethoven’s music was strikingly original because Beethoven ______.（单选题）A. strove to outdo his predecessors by becoming the first composer to exploit limitsB. fundamentally changed the musical forms of his predecessors by his own strategyC. distorted the melodies of several of the great composers who preceded himD. manipulated the established musical conventions in a highly innovative fashion试题答案：D79、Shadow chancellor George Osborne holds that ______.（单选题）A. London is not capable of hosting the summitB. Lord Myners should not have signed off Sir Fred Goodwin’s pensionC. there was no “common ground” on the G20D. the UK government’s entire economic strategy has fallen apart试题答案：B80、It can be concluded from the passage that the author’s major concern is ______.（单选题）A. the continuing social progress and prosperityB. the development of western philosophyC. corporate, civic and personal responsibilitiesD. general well-being of the society试题答案：D81、Before he came to stay with Miss Bohun, Felix’s lessons ______.（单选题）A. Were shared with some children from a royal familyB. Were not suitable in his father’s eyeC. Had not been adequate in some subjectsD. Had frequently been interrupted by his mother.试题答案：C82、It can be inferred from the passage that more people will ______.（单选题）A. use both non-renewable and renewable energyB. stick to the use of local utilityC. not be used to renewable energyD. use renewable energy only试题答案：A83、The world “jeopardize” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______.（单选题）A. endeavorB. endangerC. endorseD. endow试题答案：B84、Which of the following is true about Mahmoud Abuqammar?（单选题）A. He wants to join militant faction after he saw three children killed by an airstrike.B. His ID paper was burned in the war, but he doesn’t want to join militant faction because no faction was helping him.C. He wants to join militant faction now, but really wants to build a family; to live, like any normal person.D. He really wants to build a family, to live, like any normal person, he is not willing to join militant faction.试题答案：C85、In the author’s opinion, what is the relationship between Andry Rajoelina and the military?（单选题）A. All of the military are supporting Andry Rajoelina.B. Andry Rajoelina is head of the military.C. Part of the military is said to oppose Andry Rajoelina.D. The military support Andry Rajoelina but require more power.试题答案：C86、In an emergency airline passengers are advised to do all of the following EXCEPT ______.（单选题）A. follow crew commandsB. jump on fully inflated escape slidesC. run away as soon as possibleD. carry personal belongings试题答案：D87、From which country could Obama expect a warm welcome?（单选题）A. France.B. Germany.C. Turkey.D. Czech.试题答案：C88、The underlined word “screenings”in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.（单选题）A. projectionsB. revelationsC. demonstrationsD. diversions试题答案：A89、From the last paragraph the author tells us that ______.（单选题）A. economy is the only reason for small car’s popularity.B. the size of a car also does matter to people in their 20sC. Honda is better than Suburban in terms of quality.D. small car already has been popular for 10 years.试题答案：B90、When do Americans prefer to use their family names?（单选题）A. When they are working.B. When writing a business letter.C. They use their family names on formal occasions.D. When they are in trouble试题答案：C91、Which of the following is true about Mahmoud Abuqammar?（单选题）A. He wants to join militant faction after he saw three children killed by an airstrike.B. His ID paper was burned in the war, but he doesn’t want to join militant faction because no faction was helping him.C. He wants to join militant faction now, but really wants to build a family; to live, like any normal person.D. He really wants to build a family, to live, like any normal person, he is not willing to join militant faction.试题答案：C92、China and Russia’s speeches ______.（单选题）A. gave the attendants a chance to see the rise of emerging economies out of the crisisB. proved that the economic crisis is truly globalC. brought hope to the plummeting world economyD. gave the world a template of walking out of the crisis试题答案：B93、According to the passage, the “fatwa” diaries (para.7) ______.（单选题）A. were not included in the archive sold to the Emory UniversityB. will not be open to the public in the near futureC. were all about the writing of The Satanic VersesD. will soon be published to expose the persecution of Islamic extremists试题答案：B94、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（单选题）A. Women usually suffer from osteoporosis when advanced in years.B. Women tend to be anemic more than men due to menstruation.C. Gallbladder disease afflicts fewer women than men.D. Food high in soy protein can lower cholesterol.试题答案：C95、After the age of 40 ______.（单选题）A. most workers are tired of their present jobsB. many workers tend to stick their present jobsC. people find their jobs more rewarding than beforeD. people still wish to hunt for more suitable jobs试题答案：B96、We may infer from the second paragraph that ______.（单选题）A. gas price has no influence on drivers.B. Toyota Yaris is not welcome in Manhattan.C. Nissan Versa has already been well selling for its six-speed transmission.D. Honda Fit is more economical than Chevy Suburban SUV.试题答案：D97、We may conclude from the passage that the four media luna departments ______.（单选题）A. are mainly from western highlands。
上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书考试大纲
测试考生通过听力理解获取信息的能力。
(4)选材原则
(a)对话部分为就某一专题或题目进行的对话或采访，内容不宜太深，但句子结构与表达应有一定难度。
(b)新闻广播为VOA和BBC节目中较普通的新闻报道、评论等。
(c)讲课、讲座内容为教师、演讲者就某一专题所作的一段讲话，难度适中。
四、考试形式
本考试根据口译特点，以测试口译水平为主要目标，从听、说、读、写、译(笔译、口译)等五个方面对考生的语言运用能力进行全面测试。测试力求科学、客观、可行。考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合、单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方式。在第一阶段的笔试中，客观试题约占试卷总分的25%，主观试题约占试卷总分的75%。
凡获得上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书者均具有较高的英语综合应用能力，具备从事范围广泛的包括专业领域口译的基本知识与技能。
根据上述目标和要求，上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试大纲规定了以下原则和考试内容。
英语中级口译资格证书考试第三版 中级阅读教程
一、考试目的
本考试的目的是根据大纲的要求，检查考生是否具备本大纲所规定的各项语言技能。凡通过上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试(含笔试与口试)的考生，可获得由上海市教育委员会、上海市成人教育委员会、上海市委组织部、上海市人事局统一印制的上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书。
五、考试内容
本考试分为笔试与口试两个阶段：第一阶段的笔试共分六部分，它们依次是：第一部分：听力；第二部分：阅读；第三部分：翻译(英译汉)；第四部分：听力；第五部分：阅读；第六部分：翻译(汉译英)。总考试时间为180分钟。第二阶段口试共分两部分：口语与口译，考试时问为25分钟左右。
1．听力
英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试题库【历年真题及详解(一~三)】【圣才出品】
第一部分历年真题上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试真题及详解（一）第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or wordsyou have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passageONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve _____(1) that gets us so much information. We’ve got _____(2)every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being _____(3) and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of _____(4).Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains _____(5), producing a world-wide increase in IQ _____(6) and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in _____(7) we now have to go through?We’re not becoming a race of _____(8), but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to _____(9), to answer a dozen mails in five minutes, or to fill out _____(10). That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there with his kids _____(11) or something like that, he’s got his cell phone inhis pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects _____(12).Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just _____(13), just playing, when it _____(14) which you hadn’t thou ght of, or maybe you have time to read a hook. You are a businessperson but you have time to _____(15), or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea _____(16). Actually, it might occur to you that you _____(17) in t hat way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, _____(18). And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful nodding. You don’t have time for _____(19). So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, hut over-communication is _____(20) and to our reflection.【答案】1. developed technology2. cell phones ringing3. bombarded with communication4. overwhelmed by the information flow5. work better and faster6. up to 20 points7. all these mental gymnastics8. global idiots9. make fast decisions10. maybe big aptitude tests11. playing in his little league12. on our own brain patterns13. nodding around14. puts together ideas15. read a book about history16. somebody thought of long ago17. can think of your own business18. feeds your creativity19. those unexpected conjunctions20. a threat to our creativity【录音原文】We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we’ve got cell phones ringing every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being bombarded with communication and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of overwhelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we nowhave to go through?We’re not becoming a race of glob al idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen e-mails in five minutes, or to fill out maybe big aptitude tests. That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there wi th his kids playing in his little league or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects on our own brain patterns.Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing, when it puts together ideas which you hadn’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a businessperson but you have time to read a book about history, or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea somebody thought of long ago. Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your produc tivity, feeds your creativity. And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling. You don’t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, but over-communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one, you will be asked same questions. The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now, listencarefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heardand write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let’s begin Part B wi th ListeningComprehension.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) The designing of a new town.(B) The most livable small town in America.(C) The financing of a housing project.(D) The updating of old building codes.2. (A) Houses with front porches.(B) Houses that are very close together.(C) Quarter-of-an-acre or half-an-acre private yard space.(D) Easy access to the town center and to the vital institutions.3. (A) It has nothing to do with a sense of nostalgia for the past.(B) It has failed in the new town mentioned in the conversation.(C) People prefer to stay in an air-conditioned front porch.(D) People spend very much time on front porches in hot climates.4. (A) You are not allowed to use red curtains facing the street.(B) You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house.(C) You should remove plastic products from front porches.(D) You mustn’t park your car in front of your house for long.5. (A) Some of these rules seem to go a little too far.(B) Some of these rules are contradictory.(C) These rules are all dictated by the local laws.(D) These rules have not been approved by the developer.【答案与解析】1.A 对话开头男士便提到“in designing this new town…”，接着回顾了美国以前的小城镇把最好的设计元素结合在一起，例如联排别墅，人行道，前廊和两边种着树的街道等。
0809上海外语口译考试高级口译笔试真题
高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试08.09SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.When you stop and think about your high school or college alma mater ,were your esperiences more positive or negative?Do your feelings of ________ (1) in that school have anything to do with whether or not your school was single-sex or coed? ________ (2) to send their children to single-sex schools, because they feel both ________ (3) when they study in the company of students of the same sex. They ________ (4).For years, only parents who could afford to send their children to private schools, or who had ________ (5), chose single-sex education for their children. Single-sex schooling was ________ (6) for most American families. Today, however, along with ________ (7), public schools are experimenting with the idea of ________ (8).Girls may be the ones who benefit most from single-sex schooling. Studies have shown that ________ (9) in coed classrooms because teachers sometimes pay more attention to boys. Girls‘________ (10) toward their studies tends to disappear as they begin to feel less successful. They start to ________ (11) outperform them in math and science. As boys ________ (12), girls start to lose it. Moreover, adolescence is ________ (13) for girls. As they experience adolescent changes, some girls become depressed, develop an addiction, or suffer from ________ (14).In the early 1990s, some influential people said that being in single-sex classes could ________ (15). Schools across the country began creating single-sex classrooms and schools. But many critics claim that ________ (16) many actually be detrimental to a girl‘s education because they ________ (17) of sex differences.The renewed interest in single-sex schooling ________ (18) among Americans. Those who give it full endorsement belive girls need an all-female environment to take risks and find their own voices .Those who ________ (19) of single-sex schooling wonder whether students‘ lack of achievement warrants returning to an educational system that divides the sexes .They believe there is no ________ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections:In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) A courier for a tour operator.(B) An agent for models.(C) An agency manager.(D) A personal assistant.2. (A) To keep the accounts.(B) To write letters and answer the telephone.(C) To organize business trips and conferences.(D) To look after the models and keep them happy.3. (A) Spanish and French.(B) French and Italian.(C) Italian and English.(D) English and Spanish.4. (A) Around 15,000.(B) Not less than 18,000.(C) Somewhere between 20,000 and 22,000.(D) At least 25,000.5. (A) She has a universtity degree in accounting and economics.(B) She is in her early twenties.(C) She is applying for the job of a conference coordinator.(D) She has adequate formal qualifications for the job.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) 11 (B) 57(C) 106 (D) 1757. (A) The trade desicit hit an all-time high in the previous quarter.(B) The rise in gross domestic product was equal to 6.8 percent in the third quarter.(C) The imbalance between imports and esports improved from July to September.(D) The rate or the British currency against the US dollar surged to a record hign.8. (A) A car bomb was exploded near the Associated Press office.(B) A Spanish businessman was kidnapped by unidentified armed men.(C) A dealer in Vokswagen cars was arrested by Palestinian police.(D) An A.P. photographer was taken away by masked gunmen.9. (A) Dealing in lions and other big cats will be retrained.(B) Killing large predators bred in captivety will be made illegal.(C) The big game hunting will be outlawed throughout the whole country.(D) Tranquilizing animals in a controlled environment will be forbidden.10. (A) The governor mobilized the state‘s Natingal Guard at short notice.(B) The earthquake caused extensive damage and serious injuries.(C) The state received federal emergency funds immediately after the quake.(D) Land and air traffic, and communications were considerably affected.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) People want to use their sick days when they‘re not actually sick.(B) People get in trouble with their boss at their place of work.(C) Employees are dedicated to their job although they‘re under no pressure.(D) Employees go to work even when they are sick.12. (A) It costs more productivity for companies than actually absenteeism.(B) It can be taken as an indication that there is so much pressure to go to work.(C) The companies have to pay sick employees a great deal to stay home.(D) There might be too many people who stay home when they‘re not sick.13. (A) 22%(B) 40%(C) 56%(D) 72%14. (A) Educating their workers about the importantce of staying home when sick.(B) Letting people telecommute so that they can stay at home.(C) Announcing disciplinary measures against those working when sick.(D) Fostering an environment to encourage and paying sick employees to stay home.15. (A) Telephones (B) Respiratory droplets.(C) Door-knobs. (D) Computer keyboards.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) The widespread use of illegal drugs is the greatest concern of the Americans.(B) Almost all drugs are sold in the poorest neighborhoods in the country.(C) Most Americans agree that they have won a major victory in the drug war.(D) The lengthy debate over legalizing drugs has been recently resolved.17. (A) $15 million.(B) $50 million(C) $15 billion.(D) 100 times greater than the cost of producing these drgs.18. (A) Opium being made legal in mid-nineteenth-century China.(B) The end of prohibition of alcohol in America in the 1920s and 1930s.(C) Drug pushers making billions of dollars each year.(D) More money being needed in education and medical care.19. (A) Legalizing drugs would be considered unconstitutional.(B) Decriminalizing drugs would be a surrender in a drug war that has not really even begun.(C) The black market would not really disappear with the legalization of drug.(D) Legalization would lead to an increase in violent crime and child abuse.20. (A) Americations have not chosen legalization as a solution to the drug problem(B) The current drug war is not working and legalization may be the only solution.(C) The black market would really disappear with the legalization of drugs.(D) Politicians who have answers to the drug problem claim the most votes.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5Years ago, when I first started building websites for newspapers, many journalists told me that they saw the Internet as the end of reliable journalism. Since anyone could publish whatever they wanted online, ―real journalism‖would be overwhelmed, they said. Who would need professional reporters and editors if anyone could be a reporter or an editor? I would tell them not to worry. While my personal belief is that anyone can be a reporter or editor, I also know that quality counts. And that the ―viral‖nature of the Internet means that when people find quality, they let other people know about it. Even nontraditional media sites online will survive only if the quality of their information is trusted. The future of online news will demand more good reporters and editors, not fewer.So I was intrigued when Newsweek recently published a story called ―Revenge of the Expert.‖ It argued that expertise would be the main component of ―Web 3.0.‖―The wisdom of the crowds has peaked,‖says Jason Calacanis, founder of the Maholo ―people-powered search engine‖and a former AOL executive. ―Web 3.0 is taking what we‘ve built in Web 2.0 –the wisdom of the crowds – and putting an editorial layer on it of truly talented, compensated people to make the product more trusted and refined.‖ Well, yes and no. Sure, it is important for people to trust the information they find online. And as the Newsweek article argues, the need for people to find trusted information online is increasing, thus the need for more expertise. But the article fails to mention the most important feature of the world of digital information. It‘s not expertise – it‘s choice.In many cases the sites that people come to trust are built on nontraditional models of expertise. Look at sites like , , or . There, users provide the expertise on which others depend. When many users select a particular story, that story accumulates votes of confidence, which often lead other users to choose that story. The choices of the accumulated community are seen as more trustworthy than the ―gatekeeper‖model of traditional news and information. Sometimes such sites highlight great reporting from traditional media. But often they bring forward bits of important information that are ignored (or missed) by ―experts.‖ It‘s sort of the ―open source‖ idea of information – a million eyes looking on the Webfor information is better than a few.Jay Rosen, who writes the PressThink blog, says in an e-mail that he‘s seen this kind of story before, calling it a ―kind of pathetic‖trend reporting. ―I said in 2006, when starting , that the strongest editorial combinations will be pro-am. I still think that. Why? Because for most reporters covering a big sprawling beat, it‘s still true what Dan Gillmor said: ‗My readers know more than I do.‘ And it‘s still the case that tapping into that knowledge is becoming more practical because of the Internet.‖J.D. Lasica, a social-media strategist and former editor, also says he sees no departure from the ―wisdom of the crowds‖ model. ―I‘ve seen very little evidence that the sweeping cultural shifts we‘ve seen in the past half dozen years show any signs of retreating,‖ Mr. Lasica says. ―Young people now rely on social networks ... to take cues from their friends on which movies to see, books to read.... And didn‘t ‗Lonely Planet Guide‘ explore this terrain for travel and Zagat‘s for dining back in the ‗90s?‖In many cases, traditional media is still the first choice of online users because the reporters and editors of these media outlets have created a level of trust for many people –but not for everyone. When you combine the idea of expertise with the idea of choice, you discover nontraditional information sites that become some of the Internet‘s most trusted places. Take , written by lawyers about cases in the Supreme Court. It has become the place to go for other lawyers, reporters, and editors to find in-depth information about important cases. The Internet also allows individuals to achieve this level of trust. For instance, the blog written by Robert Scoble. Mr. Scoble, a former Microsoft employee and tech expert, is widely seen as one of the most important people to read when you want to learn what‘s happening in the world of technology. He built his large audience on the fact that people trust his writing.To me, it‘s the best of all possible information worlds.1. According to the passage, the expression ―real journalism‖ is used to refer to ________.(A) traditional newspapers and magazines(B) online news and information provided by ―the crowds‖(C) online news and information provided by professional reporters and editors(D) news and information from both traditional media and nontraditional media sites2. When the author is describing the ―viral‖nature of the Internal (para.1), he uses themetaphorical expression to tell the readers that ________.(A) when transmitted through the Internet, any thing harmful would quickly be destroyed(B) any message revealed through the Internet would survive whether it is trusted or not(C) and ―quality‖ message would be quickly accepted and passed on from one another(D) only the trusted online information would survive and be accepted by the crowds3. Which of the following does NOT support the statement ―It‘s not expertise—it‘s choice.‖(para.2)?(A) Expertise determines the choice by the crowds.(B) The world of digital information is built on the selection of netizens.(C) Nontraditional models of expertise are built on the selection of users.(D) The accumulated votes of confidence lead to the establishment of expertise.4. What is the major argument of the passage?(A) With the development of digital technology, anyone can be a reporter or editor.(B) Professional reporters and editors are always the trusted ―gatekeeper‖ of Traditional newsand information.(C) The choices of the accumulated online users should be considered more trustworthy andreliable that those of the few with expertise.(D) Expertise would be the main component of both traditional media and nontraditionalinformation sites.5. The author introduces the Newsweek article ―Revenge of the Expert‖ ________.(A) as a starting point for his argument and discussion(B) to show it has won the support of Jay Rosen, J.D.Lsica, Dan Gillmor and many others(C) as an example to indicate the end of ―real journalism‖(D) to prove that the future of digital information will be based more on expertise.Questions 6-10Perhaps we could have our children pledge allegiance to a national motto. So thick and fast and inchoate tumble the ideas about Britishness from the Government that the ridiculous no longer seems impossible. For the very debate about what it means to be a British citizen, long a particular passion of Gordon Brown, brutally illustrates the ever-decreasing circle that new Labour has become. The idea of a national motto has already attracted derision on a glorious scale -- and there‘s nothing more British than the refusal to be defined. Times readers chose as their national motto: No motto please, we‘re British.Undaunted, here comes the Government with another one: a review of citizenship, which suggests that schoolchildren be asked to swear an oath of allegiance to the Queen. It would be hard to think of something more profoundly undemocratic, less aligned to Mr Brown‘s supposed belief in meritocracy and enabling all children to achieve their full potential. Today you will hear the Chancellor profess the Government‘s continuing commitment to the abolition of child poverty, encapsulating a view of Britain in which the State tweaks the odds and the tax credit system to iron out inherited inequalities.You do not need to ask how this vision of Britain can sit easily alongside a proposal to ask kids to pledge allegiance to the Queen before leaving school: it cannot. The one looks up towards an equal society, everyone rewarded according to merit and not the lottery of birth; the other bends its knee in obeisance to inherited privilege and an undemocratic social and political system. In Mr Brown‘s view of the world, as I thought I understood it, an oath of allegiance from children to the Queen ought to be anathema, grotesque, off the scale, not even worth considering.Why, then, could No 10 not dismiss it out of hand yesterday? Asked repeatedly at the morning briefing with journalists whether the Prime Minister supported the proposal, his spokesman hedged his bets. Mr Brown welcomed the publication of the report; he thinks the themes are important; he hopes it will launch a debate; he is very interested in the theme of Britishness. []But no view as to the suitability of the oath. It is baffling in the extreme. Does this Prime Minister believe in nothing, then? A number of things need to be unpicked here. First, to give him due credit, the report from the former Attorney-General Lord Goldsmith contains much more than the oath of allegiance. That is but ―a possibility that‘s raised‖. The oath forms a tiny part of a detailed report about what British citizenship means, what it ought to mean and how to strengthen it.It is a serious debate that Mr Brown is keen to foster about changing the categories of Britishcitizenship, and defining what they mean. But it is in him that the central problem resides: the Prime Minister himself is uncertain what Britishness is, while insisting we should all be wedded to the concept. No wonder there is a problem over what a motto, or an oath of allegiance, should contain. Britain is a set of laws and ancient institutions - monarchy, Parliament, statutes, arguably today EU law as well. An oath of allegiance naturally tends towards these.It wasn‘t supposed to be like this. In its younger and bolder days, new Labour used to argue that the traditional version of Britain is outdated. When Labour leaders began debating Britishness in the 1990s, they argued that the institutions in which a sense of Britain is now vested, or should be vested, are those such as the NHS or even the BBC, allied with values of civic participation, all embodying notions of fairness, equality and modernity absent in the traditional institutions. Gordon Brown himself wrote at length about Britishness in The Times in January 2000: ―The strong British sense of fair play and duty, together embodied in the ideal of a vibrant civic society, is best expressed today in a uniquely British institution -- the institution that for the British people best reflects their Britishness -- our National Health Service.‖An oath of allegiance to the NHS? Ah, those were the days. They really thought they could do it; change the very notion of what it meant to be British. Today, ten years on, they hesitatingly propose an oath of allegiance to the Queen. Could there be a more perfect illustration of the vanquished hopes and aspirations of new Labour? Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair. Ah, but I see there is to be a national day as well, ―introduced to coincide with the Olympics and Diamond Jubilee - which would provide an annual focus for our national narrative‖. A narrative, a national day, glorifying the monarchy and sport? Yuck. I think I might settle for a national motto after all.6. Which of the following does not support the motto ―No motto please, we‘re British‖?(A) It is more or less paradoxical and satirical.(B) It has been accepted by the whole nation.(C) It shows a refusal of the definition of Britishness.(D) It displays the nature of British values.7. The word ―tweaks‖in the expression ―encapsulating a view of Britain in which the Statetweaks the odds and the tax credit system to iron out inherited inequalities‖ (para.2) can best be paraphrased by ________.(A) changes (B) indicates(C) imitates (D) exemplifies8. According to the author, the central problem of the oath of allegiance or a national mottotowards Britishness is ________.(A) the allegiance toward the ancient British institutions(B) how to implement the National Health Service(C) how to define Britishness(D) the British sense of fair play and duty9. In writing the essay, the author demonstrates an attitude of ________ towards the issue ofBritishness.(A) indifference (B) enthusiasm(C) patriotism (D) irony10. When the author writes the rhetorical question ―An oath of allegiance to the NHS?‖ (para.7),she is trying to express that ________.(A) even the Labour Party today will not accept this as an oath of allegiance(B) the definition of Britishness could finally be settled(C) such an oath of allegiance should be accompanied by a national day(D) such an oath of allegiance should be accepted when NHS was first implementedQuestions 11-15Over lunch, a writer outlined a new book idea to his editor. It was to be a niche concern but promised much. The writer left the restaurant with a glow and decided to get an outline over, pronto. But days and weeks of being too busy turned to months and then, eventually, came the shocking discovery that his editor had been rather elusive of late for a reason: he had been busy crafting a book based on the writer‘s idea, and it was now in the shops. An apocryphal tale, maybe, but it will send shivers down any writer‘s spine. What‘s more, if the writer were to turn to the law in such a dread scenario, the law would be of no use to him at all.Phil Sherrell, a media lawyer with Eversheds, explains: ―Intellectual property law protects the expression of ideas, not the ideas themselves.‖ Sherrell agrees that ―the distinction is not always satisfactory,‖ but says that there needs to be a limit to the protection conferred on creativity by the law. ―To extend the ambit of copyright protection to embrace ideas would be difficult in practice —how would the artist prove that they have conceived the idea if it has not been reduced to a tangible form? It would also open the door to undesirably wide monopolies.‖But copyright‘s 300-year pedigree might be a cause for concern rather than veneration. The means by which we communicate has changed out of all recognition from the time when copyright was invented. Today, in the post-modernist world, what constitutes an artistic, literary or musical work is radically different, not least in the field of conceptual art. Here, copyright‘s timehonoured reluctance to protect ideas is of dubious merit, according to Hubert Best, a media lawyer with Best & Soames.―If you look at Martin Creed‘s [art installation] Work No. 227, The Lights Going On and Off, where is the work?‖ asks Best. ―Is it in the fact that a light bulb goes on and off, or in the concept?I suspect it‘s the latter. But old-fashioned copyright law does not cover this kind of thing.‖ Creed‘s Work No. 227 was an empty room in which the lights periodically switched on and off. It won the Turner Prize in 2001 to a predictable chorus of controversy. This goes with the territory in conceptual art, but other artists have found their work inspires not merely lively debate but accusations of plagiarism.Last year, three weeks after he unveiled his diamond-encrusted, ￡50m skull, Damien Hirst was alleged to have stolen the idea for the work from another artist, John LeKay. In 2006, Robert Dixon, a graphics artist, said that Hirst‘s print, Valium, was too close for comfort to one of his circular designs in The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Geometry. Hirst had another brush with intellectual property law when Norman Emms complained about a ￡1m bronze torso which, he said, was copied from a ￡14.99 plastic anatomical toy. Emms later received a ―goodwill payment‖ from the artist.As one of the world‘s wealthiest artists, Hirst is well-placed to fight such battles, but due allowance should be given for art‘s intertextual essence. Writers borrow plots and embed allusions to their forebears, artists adapt well-known motifs, musicians play each other‘s songs and sample existing riffs and melodies. But there is a fine line between plagiarism and creative allusion, and itwas considered by the courts in the case of Dan Brown‘s The Da Vinci Code. The Court of Appeal upheld the initial ruling that Brown had not reproduced substantial content from The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail. The decision was also widely seen as confirming English law‘s disinclination to protect ideas.Yet if ideas can‘t be protected, where does that leave the writer aggrieved by the appearance of his idea in another‘s book? ―It sounds harsh,‖ says Sherrell, ―but unless a writer has gone some way to creating the work —by way of an outline and perhaps a chapter or two —there is no remedy if the same idea appears under another author‘s name. However, given that everything is done on computers these days, it would be relatively easy to prove first creation by looking at the hard drive. Other than that, anyone in the creative arena should keep full and dated records to evidence their work.‖There is another thing that can be done. ―You can impose a confidentiality obligation on those with whom you want to discuss your idea,‖ says Best. ―Nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) are often used in the corporate world to give a contractual remedy for breach of confidence if an idea is stolen. But the trouble is that a writer, musician or artist who comes into a meeting wielding an NDA isn‘t likely to make friends. It‘s a fairly aggressive way to proceed.‖ Best is doubtless correct when he says: ―You‘ve just got to get on with it and do it. Once your work exists, in material form, you can sue if anyone steals it.‖11. The story told at the beginning of the passage ________.(A) shows the difficulties of turning an idea into a book(B) described how the writer entertained the editor to get the book published(C) demonstrated how the editor betrayed the promise he had given(D) indicates the tricky issue of the protection of intellectual property12. The word ―ambit‖ in the sentence ―To extend the ambit of copyright protection to embraceideas would be difficult in practice‖ (para.2) can best replaced by ________.(A) ambition (B) restriction(C) range (D) margin13. The passage introduced the artist Martin Creed‘s Work No.227 ________.(A) as it was most severely criticized by the media lawyer Hubert Best(B) because it displays the dubious nature of some contemporary works of art(C) because it won the Turner Prize in 2001 to a chores of controversy(D) as it was an example of conceptual art which causes accusations of plagiarism14. Which of the following CANNOT be true about Damien Hirst according to the passage?(A) He is one of the wealthiest artists in today‘s world.(B) He paid Norman Emms to settle the issue of accusation of ―copying‖(C) He was said to have stolen the concept for his work of diamond-encrusted skull.(D) He is ready to fight all those who have accused him of plagiarism.15. The concluding paragraphs mainly tell us that ________.(A) non disclosure agreements can be used to protect ideas(B) confidentiality obligation is the moral standard(C) the best way to prove first creation is to use computer(D) there is no other way to protect ideas unless the work existsQuestions 16-20A new golden age of cartography has suddenly dawned, everywhere. We can all be map-makers now, navigating across a landscape of ideas that the cartographers of the past could never have imagined. Maps were once the preserve of an elite, an expression of power, control and, latterly, of minute scientific measurement. Today map-making has been democratised by the internet, where digital technology is spawning an astonishing array of maps, reflecting an infinite variety of interests and concerns, some beautiful, some political and some extremely odd. If the Budget has made you feel gloomy, you can log on to a map that will tell you just how depressed you and the rest of the world are feeling. For more than two years, the makers of have harvested feelings from a wide variety of personal blogs and then projected these on to the globe. How happy are they in Happy Valley? How grim is Grimsby? You can find out.Where maps once described mountains, forests and rivers, now they depict the contours of human existence from quite different perspectives: maps showing the incidence of UFOs, speed cameras or the density of doctors in any part of the world. A remarkable new map reflects global telephone usage as it happens, starkly illustrating the technological gap between, say, New York and Nairobi. Almost any measurable human activity can be projected, using a computer ―mash-up‖. A new online map called allows American hypochondriacs to track who is ill with what and where at any given moment. A hilarious disclaimer adds: ―whoissick is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice.‖ The new generation of amateur map-makers are doing for the traditional atlas what Wikipedia has already done to the encyclopaedia, adding layer upon layer of new information, some that is fascinating and useful, much that is pointless and misleading, and almost all from a distinctly personal perspective.The new digital geography marks a return to an earlier form of cartography, when maps were designed to reveal the world through a particular prism. The earliest maps each told a story framed by politics, culture and belief. Ancient Greeks painted maps depicting unknown lands and strange creatures beyond the known world. Early Christian maps placed Jerusalem at the middle of the world. British imperial maps showed the great advance of pink colonialism spreading outwards from our tiny islands at the centre.Maps were used to settle scores and score points, just as they are today. When Jesuit map-makers drew up a chart of the Moon's surface in 1651, craters named after heretical scientists such as Copernicus and Galileo were dumped in the Sea of Storms, while more acceptable thinkers were allowed to float in the Sea of Tranquillity. The 19th century heralded a more scientific approach to map-making; much of the artistry and symbolism was stripped away in an attempt to create a two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional reality. Maps became much more accurate, but less imaginative and culturally revealing.The boom in amateur mapping, by contrast, marks a return to the earlier way of imagining the world when maps were used to tell stories and impose ideas, to interpret the world and not simply to describe its physical character. New maps showing how to avoid surveillance cameras, or the routes taken by CIA planes carrying terrorist suspects on ―extraordinary rendition‖, are political statements rather than geographical descriptions.The earliest maps were also philosophical guides. They showed what was important and what was peripheral and what might be imagined beyond the edges of the known. A stunning tapestry map of the Midlands made around the time of Shakespeare and recently rediscovered, depicts forests, churches and the houses of the most powerful families, yet not a single road. It does not。
上海市高级口译考试翻译部分真题集
历年高级口译考题翻译部分精解第一套英译中Since Darwin, biologists have been-firmly convinced that nature works without plan or meaning, pursuing no aim by the direct road of design. But today we see that this conviction is a fatal error. Why should evolution, exactly as Darwin knew it and described it, be planless and irrational? Do not aircraft design engineers work, at precisely that point where specific calculations and plans give out, according to the same principle of evolution, when they test the serviceability of a great number of statistically determined forms in the wind tunnel, in order to choose the one that functions best? Can we say that there is no process of natural selection when nuclear physicists, through thousands of computer operations, try to find out which materials, in which combinations and with what structural form, are best suited to the building of an atomic reactor? They also practise no designed adaptation, but work by the principle of selection. But it would never occur to anyone to call their method planless and irrational.中译英1995年10月，黄浦江上又一座大桥凌空飞架，将浦南与奉贤连接起来，成为继徐浦、南浦、杨浦三座大桥之后建成通车的第四座大桥——奉浦大桥。
英语高级口译证书实考试卷汇编
英语高级口译证书实考试卷汇编一、听力理解（50分）（一）Spot Dictation（20分）Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer booklet. Remember you will hear the passage only once.The Internet has become an (1) _integral_ part of our daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and do business. One of the most significant aspects of the Internet is itsability to (2) _connect_ people from all over the world. Social media platforms, for example, allow individuals to share their thoughts, experiences, and photos with friends and family, regardless of geographical (3) _distance_.In the business world, the Internet has opened up new (4)_opportunities_ for companies. E - commerce has grown (5) _exponentially_in recent years, enabling businesses to reach a global customer base. Small and medium - sized enterprises can now (6) _compete_ with larger corporations on a more level playing field.However, the Internet also brings some challenges. One major concern is (7) _cybersecurity_. With the increasing amount of personal and financial information being transmitted online, the risk of data (8) _breaches_ and identity theft has risen. Another issue is the spread of (9) _false_ information. The ease with which anyone can post content on the Internet has led to the proliferation of misinformation and (10) _disinformation_.（二）Listening Comprehension（30分）Section A: Statements (10分)Directions: In this section, you will hear several statements. Each statement will be read only once. Then there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard.1. A. The project was completed ahead of schedule.B. The project was delayed due to unexpected problems.C. The project is still in progress and going well.D. The project has been cancelled.(You will hear: "Thanks to the efficient teamwork and proper planning, we were able to finish the project two weeks earlier than expected.")Answer: A.2. A. Mary is not interested in the new job offer.B. Mary is considering the new job offer carefully.C. Mary has already accepted the new job offer.D. Mary has rejected the new job offer.(You will hear: "Mary is weighing up the pros and cons of the new job offer she received.")Answer: B.Section B: Talks and Conversations (20分)Directions: In this section, you will hear several talks and conversations. After each of them, you will be asked some questions. The talks and conversations will be read only once. Now listen to aconversation between a customer and a salesperson.Questions 1 - 5 are based on this conversation.1. What is the customer looking for?A. A pair of shoes.B. A dress.C. A handbag.D. A coat.(You will hear: "I'm looking for a dress to wear to my friend's wedding.")Answer: B.2. What color does the customer prefer?A. Black.B. White.C. Red.D. Blue.(You will hear: "I think red would be a great color for this occasion.")Answer: C.3. What size does the customer usually wear?A. Small.B. Medium.C. Large.D. Extra - large.(You will hear: "I usually wear a medium.")Answer: B.4. How much is the dress the customer likes?A. 50.B. 80.C. 100.D. 120.(You will hear: "This red dress is on sale for $80.") Answer: B.5. Does the customer buy the dress in the end?A. Yes, she does.B. No, she doesn't.C. She is not sure yet.D. She wants to think about it for a while.(You will hear: "I'll take it.")Answer: A.二、笔译（50分）（一）English - Chinese Translation（30分）Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.The concept of sustainable development has gained increasing attention in recent years. It emphasizes the need to balance economic growth, social development, and environmental protection. In the context of business, sustainable development means that companies should not only pursue profit - making but also take into account their impact on society and the environment.For example, many companies are now investing in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power. This not only helps to reduce their carbon footprint but also contributes to the development of a more sustainable energy future. Another aspect is corporate social responsibility. Companies are expected to engage in activities that benefit the local community, such as providing educational opportunities or supporting environmental conservation projects.In addition, sustainable development also requires changes at the individual level. People should be more conscious of their consumption patterns and try to reduce waste. For instance, by choosing reusable products instead of disposable ones, we can all play a part in promoting sustainable development.参考译文：近年来，可持续发展的概念日益受到关注。
高口真题1997-1999
⾼⼝真题1997-1999⾼级⼝译全真题⽬录⾼级⼝译岗位资格证书考试⼤纲(2002年版) (4)试卷⼀ (9)上海市英语⾼级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试 (9) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (9) Part A: Spot Dictation (9)Part B: Listening Comprehension (9)SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (11) SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (17) SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (17) Part A: Note-taking And Gap-filling (17)Part B: Listening and Translation (18)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (19) SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (21)试卷⼆ (22)上海市英语⾼级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试 (22) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (22) Part A: Spot Dictation (22)Part B: Listening Comprehension (22)SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (24) SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (30) SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (31) Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (31)Part B: Listening and Translation (31)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (32) SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (35)试卷三 (36)上海市英语⾼级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试 (36) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (36) Part A: Spot Dictation (36)Part B: Listening Comprehension (36)SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (38) SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (45)SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (45) Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (45)Part B: Listening and Translation (46)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (47) SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (50)试卷四 (51)上海市英语⾼级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试 (51) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (51) Part A: Spot Dictation (51)Part B: Listening Comprehension (51)SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (53) SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (60) SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (60) Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (60)Part B: Listening and Translation (61)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (62) SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (65)试卷五 (66)上海市英语⾼级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试 (66) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (66) Part A: Spot Dictation (66)Part B: Listening Comprehension (66)SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (68) SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (75) SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (75) Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (75)Part B: Listening and Translation (76)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (77) SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (80)试卷六 (81)上海市英语⾼级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试 (81) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (81) Part A: Spot Direction (81)Part B: Listening Comprehension (81)SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) (83)SECTION 3: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (90)SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) (90)Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling (90)Part B: Listening and Translation (91)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (91)SECTION 6: TRANSLA TION TEST (30 minutes) (95)⾼级⼝译岗位资格证书考试⼤纲(2002年版) 《上海市英语⾼级⼝译岗位资格证书》是经上海市紧缺⼈才培训⼯程联席会议办公室审核和确认的紧缺⼈才岗位资格培训项⽬之⼀。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题(06.9) SECTION1:LISTENING TEST(30minutes)Part A:Spot Dictation Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it.Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape.Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Play is very important for humans from birth to death.Play is not meant to be just for children.It is a form of___________(1)that can tap into your creativity,and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others.I have collected the___________(2)of play here.Play can stimulate you___________(3).It can go against all the rules,and change the same___________(4).Walt Disney was devoted to play,and his willingness to___________ (5)changed the world of entertainment.The next time you are stuck in a___________(6)way of life,pull out a box of color pencils,modeling clay,glue and scissors,and___________(7)and break free.You will be amazed at the way your thinking___________(8).Playing can bring greater joy into your life.What do you think the world would be like-if___________(9)each day in play?I bet just asking you this question has___________(10).Play creates laughter,joy,entertainment, ___________(11).Starting today,try to get30minutes each day to engage in some form of play,and ___________(12)rise!Play is known___________(13). Studies show that,as humans,play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________(14).With regular play,our problem-solving and___________(15)will be in much better shape to handle this complex world,and we are much more likely to choose ___________(16)as they arise.It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and__________ (17)to our daily living.Play can___________(18), curiosity,and creativity.Research shows that play is both a‘hands-on’and‘minds-on’learning process.It produces a deeper,___________(19)of the world and its possibilities.We begin giving meaning to life through story making,and playing out___________(20).Part B:Listening Comprehension Directions:In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one,you will be asked some questions.The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE.Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1to5are based on the following conversation.1.(A)in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over85years old.(B)In the United States,there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C)All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D)Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2.(A)Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B)Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the”oldest old”people.(C)What percentage of the population are centenarians inthe state of Georgia.(D)What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy100-year-old.3.(A)Diet,optimism,activity or mobility,and genetics.(B)Optimism,commitment to interesting things,activity or mobility,and adaptability to loss.(C)The strength to adapt to loss,diet,exercise,and genetics.(D)Diet,exercise,commitment to something they were interested in,and genetics.4.(A)The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B)The centenarians basically eat something different.(C)The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D)The centenarians eat spicy food,drink whiskey,and have sweet pork every day.5.(A)Work hard.(B)Stay busy.(C)Stick to a balanced diet.(D)Always find something to laugh about.Questions6to10are based on the following news.6.(A)Global temperatures rose by3degrees in the20thcentury.(B)Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C)Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D)The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by2050.7.(A)Taking bribes.(B)Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C)Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D)Offering cash for political favors.8.(A)The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety. (B)The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C)All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D)The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9.(A)6to7.(B)8to10.(C)11to16.(D)17to25.10.(A)Curbing high-level corruption.(B)Fighting organized crime.(C)Investigating convictions of criminals.(D)Surveying the threats to national security. Questions11to15are based on the following interview.11.(A)A wine taster.(B)A master water taster.(C)The host of the show.(D)The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12.(A)Berkeley Springs.(B)Santa Barbara.(C)Atlantic City.(D)Sacramento.13.(A)Being saucy and piquant.(B)Tasting sweet(C)A certain amount of minerals.(D)An absence of taste. 14.(A)Looking—smelling—tasting.(B)Tasting—smelling—looking.(C)Smelling—looking—tasting.(D)Tasting—looking—smelling.15.(A)Bathing.(B)Boiling pasta in.(C)Swimming.(D) Making tea.Questions16to20are based on the following talk. 16.(A)Enhance reading and math skills.(B)Increase the students’appreciation of nature.(C)Improve math,but not reading skills.(D)Develop reading,but not math skills.17.(A)To help the students appreciate the arts.(B)To make the students’educatio n more well-rounded.(C)To investigate the impact of arts training.(D)To enhance the students’math skills.18.(A)Once weekly.(B)Twice weekly.(C)Once a month.(D)Twice a month.19.(A)Six months.(B)Seven months.(C)Eight months.(D) Nine months.20.(A)The children’s attitude.(B)The children’s test scores.(C)Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D)Both the teachers’and the children’s attitude. SECTION2:READING TEST(30minutes)Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it.You are to choose ONE best answer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),to each question.Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1—5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with ababy eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk.No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts,most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill.It is only several years later,around the start of middle or junior high school,many psychologists and teachers agree,that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids,whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s su ccess,it can be a bewildering,painful experience.So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that,just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It’s not quite that simple.”Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity,but they can’t be forced,”says Jacquelynne Eccles,a psychology professor at the University of Michigan,who led a landmark,25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts.Even so,a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much.Theysay that by instilling confidence,encouraging some risk taking,being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful,both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer froman emotional or learning disability,or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home,manyeducators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure thatconveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool.”Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb,and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,”says Carol Dweck,a psychology professor at Stanford.”You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.”Over the past couple of years,Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that.Dubbed Brainology,the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughou t life.”The message is that everything iswithin the kids’control,that their intelligence is malleable,”says Lisa Blackwell,a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program,which has helped increase the students’interest in school and turned around their declining math grades.More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,”parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort,strategy and progres s rather than emphasizing their‘smartness’or praising high performance alone. Most of all,parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system,with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability,also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.”These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,”says Jeff How ard,a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute,a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’sacademic performance.Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to aworld beyond homework and tests,through volunteer work,sports,hobbies and other extracurricular activities.”The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,”says Michael Nakkual,a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF(Inventing the Future),which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations.The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant,to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it.Like any ambitious toddler,they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A)Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B)How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C)Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D)Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2.According to some educators and psychologists,all ofthe following would be helpful to cultivate students’ambition to succeed EXCEPT________.(A)stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B)cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C)enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D)making them understand their family crisis3.What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A)A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B)Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.(C)Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D)To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4.The word”malleable”in the clause”that their intelligence is malleable,”(para.3)most probably means capable of being________.(A)altered and developed(B)blocked and impaired(C)sharpened and advanced(D)replaced and transplanted5.The expression”to disabuse them of the notion”(para.4) can be paraphrased as________.(A)to free them of the idea(B)to help them understand the idea(C)to imbue them with the notion(D)to inform them of the conceptQuestions6—10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week:the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft.As part of a long-running court case,the government has asked those companies to turn over i nformation on its users’search behavior.All but Google have handed over data,and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related tonational security,but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In1998,Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA),but courts have blocked its implementation due toFirst Amendment concerns.In its appeal,the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines.It would then use those terms to do its own searches,employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers,in an attempt to quantify how often”material that is harmful to minors”might appear.Google contends that since it is not a party to the case,the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test.”We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms,and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them.(The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.)Originally,the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July;the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites,the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net.”We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam,group program manager of MSN Search. Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test,it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps,subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?Says the DOJ’s Miller,”I’m assuming that if something raised alarms,we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld,it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior.One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information,but the company hopes to eventually use thepersonal information of consenting customers to improve search performance.”Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl,an El ectronic Frontier Foundation attorney.”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6.When the American government asked Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior,the major intention is_________.(A)to protect national security(B)to help protect personal freedom(C)to monitor Internet pornography(D)to implement the Child Online Protection Act7.Google refused to turn over”its proprietary information”(para.2)required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A)it is not involved in the court case(B)users’privacy is most important(C)the government has violated the First Amendment(D)search terms is the company’s busin ess secret8.The phrase”scaled back to”in the sentence”the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of searchqueries”(para.3)can be replaced by_________.(A)maximized to(B)minimized to(C)returned to(D)reduced to9.In the sentenc e”One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4),the expression”sink its own case”most probably means that_________.(A)counterattack the opposition(B)lead to blocking of porn sites(C)provide evidence to disprove the case(D)give full ground to support the case10.When Kurt Opsahl says that”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5),the expression”Big Brother”is used to refer to_________.(A)a friend or relative showing much concern(B)a colleague who is much more experienced(C)a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D)a benevolent and democratic organizationQuestions11—15On New Y ear’s Day,50,000inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch.This was not somemass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture:the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5million Kenyans who,because of a severe drought,are threatened with starvation.The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn.If you are reading this in the west,however,you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories.Even if you do know about the drought,you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists.There are20million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region,and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent.Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so?It comes down to the reluctance of governments,aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life.Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists,even though it has been demonstratedtime and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments,and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore,African pastoralist systems are often more productive,in terms of protein and cash per hectare,than Australian,American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions.They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies.In Kenya,for example,the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800million per year.In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia,hides from pastoralists’herds make up over10per cent of export earnings.Despite this productivity,pastoralists still starve andtheir animals perish when drought hits.One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goesto the herders themselves;the lion’s share is pocketed by traders.This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food,and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour.Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Fundingbodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the1960s,investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production.It didn’t work.Firstly,no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted.Secondly,rearing livestock took precedence over human progress.The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.They were based on two false assumptions:that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient,which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models;and that Afri ca’s drylands can support commercial ranching.They cannot.Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle.Over the past few years,funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message.One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestockand cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it).Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that hashelped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising,but more needs to be done.Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle.They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding.Ultimately,sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade,so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products:there will likely be an additional 2billion consumers worldwide by2020,the vast majority in developing countries.To ensure that pastoralists benefit,it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies.Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women,who play critical roles in livestock production.The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists.Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to moreresentment,conflict,environmental degradation and malnutrition.It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.11.Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A)Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B)The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C)The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D)Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12.The word”encapsulates”in the sentence”Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para.l)can be replaced by________.(A)concludes.(B)involves.(C)represents.(D)aggravates.13.What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and tr aditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A)Neutral and indifferent.(B)Sympathetic and understanding.(C)Critical and vehement.(D)Subjective and fatalistic.14.When the author writes”the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”(para.4),he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not__________.(A)have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B)understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C)feel themselves superior in decision making(D)care about the development of the local people15.The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A)to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B)to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C)to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D)to criticize the colonial thinking of western aidagenciesQuestions16—20The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening.Today,scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system:Saturn’s moon Enceladus.Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon —hosts liquid water.If the results hold up,this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism.And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan,as well as Mars,as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold.The discovery,however,is bittersweet for many scientists.NASA’s proposed budget for fiscal calls for a50percent cut in its astrobiology program.Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science,it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whetherlife arose elsewhere in the universe.A50-percent cut”is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut”in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration,says planetary scientist Sean Solomon,who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.Nevertheless,the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a”radical conclusion,”acknowledges Carolyn Porco,who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter.But if the team is right,”we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments”that might have rolled out the welcome mat”for living organisms,”she concludes.Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near itsunexpectedly warm south pole.As the team pondered the evidence,they nixed severalexplanations,including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vaporbillowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas.The last idea standing:Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface,perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust.This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood.Confirmation could come with additional flybys,if water—and perhaps life—is present,it wouldn’t be”luxuriant,”notes Jeffrey Kargel,a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson.It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals,very low temperatures,and little energy to drive i t.Still,he adds,it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible”outposts”for life beyond Earth.Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cuts.The proposed reductions post several challenges,researchers say.One is the loss of important financial leverage.While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies,such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health,NASA’s program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous。
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案
上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题( 06.9) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here. Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils,modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8). Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________(10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise! Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14). With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living. Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’and ‘minds-on’learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning tolife through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the ”oldest old”people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. 6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste. 14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. 16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’educatio n more well-rounded. (C) To investigate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months.(D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’and the children’s attitude. SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1—5 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s su ccess, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It’s not quite that simple. ”Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,”says JacquelynneEccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer froman emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, manyeducators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure thatconveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. ”Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,”says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor atStanford. ”You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.”Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughou t life. ”The message is that everything is within the kids’control, that their intelligence is malleable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, ”parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progres s rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testingand rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. ”These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,”says Jeff How ard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’sacademic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to aworld beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. ”The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at schoolcan actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practicalexperience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word ”malleable”in the clause ”that their intelligence is malleable,”(para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression ”to disabuse them of the notion”(para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10 Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over i nformation on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related tonational security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often ”material that is harmful to minors”mightappear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. ”We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July ; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries. One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. ”We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeingadult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, ”I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. ”Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl, an El ectronic Frontier Foundation attorney. ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying aboutBig Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over ”its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s busin ess secret8. The phrase ”scaled back to”in the sentence ”the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”(para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentenc e ”One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression ”sink its own case”most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5), the expression ”Big Brother”is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organization Questions 11—15On New Y ear’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not somemass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: themoney that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine. How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changesmakes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’herds makeup over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve andtheir animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goesto the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas. Funding bodies such as the World Bankand-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Afri ca’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that hashelped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should payproper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word ”encapsulates”in the sentence ”Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and tr aditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes ”the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”(para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of thetraditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20 The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have foundevidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth —that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold. The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’sproposed budget for fiscal calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut ”is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut”in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary scientist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a ”radical conclusion,”acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, ”we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments”that might have rolled out the welcomemat ”for living organisms,”she concludes. Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near itsunexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed severalexplanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vaporbillowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood. Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be ”luxuriant,”notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive i t. Still, he adds, it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible ”outposts”for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be。
[修订]中、高级口译考试历年真题、答案1.doc
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[修订]中、⾼级⼝译考试历年真题、答案1.doc2002.9上海市英语中级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (40 minutes)Prt: Spot DicttionDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her pssge nd red the sme pssge with blnks in it. Fill in ech of the blnks with the words you hve herd on the tpe. Write your nswer in the corresponding spec in your NSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will her the pssge ONLY ONCE.s long s we re in reltionship, there is the potentil for lsting hppiness s well s for serious conflict. This pplies t work, ______________________ (1)，nd t home? The simple fct is tht reltionships re not lwys ________________ (2) siling. Conflict cn led to nger, hostility, nd further conflicts? On the other hnd, it cn be used d ___________________ (3) for solving problems.For exmple, you cn hndle conflict by _____________________ (4) tht the problem exists, smoothing it over, or trying to overpower the other person. These, of course, will ________________ (5) win or lose situtions. But when you resolve conflict through collbortion nd compromise, you cn chieve _______________________ (6) situtions. In tody's lecture, I shll outline few steps on________________(7) trnsform conflict into solution in which both prties win.First ________________ (8). Explin the problem to the other prty. You should__________ (9) the conflict. It\ hrd to fix something before ___________________ (10) on wht is broken.Second, understnd 11 points of view? Ste side your own opinions for moment nd (11) to understnd the other points of view. When people feel tht they hve been herd, they5re often more ________ (12). Third, brinstorm. Drem up s mny solutions s you cn nd __________________ (13) them one by one? This step will require ________________ (14). Tlk bout which solutions will work nd______________ (15) they will be to implement. Your solutions need to be cceptble by both prties, so you should be prepred to _______________________ (16)? Lter, you'11 need to review the (17) of the ccepted solution. If it (18), be open to mking chnges or (19) to bring bout new solution.Finlly, implement. When you hve both ____________ (20), decide who is going to do wht by when. Then keep your greements?Prt B: Listening ComprehensionL SttementsDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her severl short sttements. These sttements will be spokenONLY ONCE, nd you will not find them written on the pper; so you must listen crefully. When you her sttement, red the nswer choices nd decide which one is closest in mening to the sttement you hve herd? Then write the letter of the nswer you hve chosen in the corresponding spec in your NSWER BOOKLET.1.() Mr. Bker doesn't like to go to the meeting 1st night?(B)Lst night M⼕Bker decided to cncel this morning’s meeting.(C)Mr. Bker mde up his mind not to go to this morning^ meeting.(A)M⼕Bker mde lst- minute decision to hold the meeting this morning?2.() Hrd work often brings bout discomfort in prts of the humn body.(B)If you re nervous, you my hurt yourself in performing this kind of tsk?(C)Those stff members who work bek to bek re hrd on ech other.(A)This exercise is to relx your muscles in the neck, the shoulders nd the bek?3.() We hve been working on this mchine for two yers.(B)Free mintennee work is for period of two yers.(C)You don^t hve to do repir work on this mchine in two yers.(A)With monthly clening, the oil in this mchine cn run for two yers.4.() Only those high school grdutes with excellent skills cn be dmitted into colleges?(B)No mtter how difficult it is, high school grdutes should t lest try twice to get themselvesinto colleges?(C)Students should consider wht they wnt to lern in the university.(A)Once in the university, you will feel superior to those drop- out students.5.() 11 the bord members voted for the Chirmn’s proposl to open the brnch office?(B)The Chirmn ws not in fvor of the opening of brnch office in the suburbs?(C)the bord members re expecting new Chirmn from the downtown office.(D)The Chirmn^ proposl to set up brnch office ws turned down by the bord members.6.() Mry hd mde n ppointment to see the personnel mngcr lst Tucsdy?(B)Mry hs been pplying for job nd is going to see the personnel mnger next week.(C)Mry is shortsighted nd ennot see tht personnel mnger in the next office.(D)Mry didn't get tht job since she ws me to the personnel mnger on Tuesdy.7.() The supermrket will be finished in sixty dys.(B)It took us more thn sixty dys to finish building the supermrket.(C)Thc supermrket should hvc been finished sixty dys go.(D)The supermrket hd been built sixty dys erlie⼕8.() Her ttendnee record ws severely dmged.(B)Her ttendnee record ws never perfect.(C)She hd once ssisted in keeping the ttendnee record?(D)She hd kept ner- perfect ttendnee record?9.()He didn't know wht would hppen if he mde the suggestion.(B)He didn't feel nervous fter he hd put forwrd the suggestion.(C)He relized tht the committee members would not dopt his suggestion.(D)He considered it importnt to the committee members first.10.() The Expo will be open the dy fter tomorrow?(B)The Expo is rescheduled to open on Fridy.(C)The Expo's opening is delyed until tomorrow?(D)T he Expo is not likely to open on Fridy?11.Tlks nd ConversionsDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her severl short sttements. These sttements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, nd you will not find them written on the pper; so you must listen crefully. When you her sttement, red the nswer choices nd decide which one is closest in mening to the sttement you hve herd? Then write the letter of the nswer you hve chosen in the corresponding spee in your NSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411.() Mi; Powell telephoned. (B) The womn cited Mr. Powell.(C) Someone cme to see him. (D) There ws trffic jm.12.() Becuse she hsn't recorded the phone messge.(B)Becuse she hsn^t let Mr. Powell in.(C)Becuse she hsn5t invited him to lunch?(D)Becuse she hsn't phoned him.13.() Mr. Powelfs nme crd.(B)The resturnt^s phone number.(C)Some money to mke phone ell.(D)The nmc of well- known deprtment store.14.() the womn ws not creful bout the mn's nme crd.(B)The mn ws expecting someone to bring some importnt informtion.(C)The mn ws not vilble when M⼕Powell cme in.(D)The womn ccepted the mn's pology for his mistke.(B)In 1963. Questions 23-2623. () studying socio- linguistics.(C) Sying hullo to ech othe ⼕() Linguists. (C) Techers. 25. () He is probbly trying to beginQuestions 15-1815. () In 1961.(C) In 1970.16. () Lcrning mtcrils. (C) Summer course.(D) In 1971.(B) Lbortory fcilitics.(D) Prty invittions.17. () Some lbortory tests cn be done t home.(B) 11 the college course re vilble ?(C) registrtions re 11 the yer round.(D) Invittions to prties re free to 11 the students.18. () prt- time students my get cheper sncks ?(B) Students re ble to get TV study progrmmes.(C) Students cn ttend lectures once week.(D) Students my prticipte in summer school courses.Questions 19-2219. () lwye ⼕(B)nrtist. (C) student. (D) physicin.20. () She thinks tht it is well- pid profession.(B) She considers herself to be fit for i ⼕(C) She is unble to find other jobs for some time.(D) She wnts to live independently of other people ?21. () She cn spek severl lnguges ? (B) She is more creful nd kinder.(C) She cn serve women clients better.(D) She is likely to get more sympthy. 22. () Becuse it is well known for its eduction! excellence ?(B) Becuse it is inexpensive in terms of school tuition fees.(C) Becuse it offers mrried students' prtments.(D) Becuse it Hows students to prctice during the schoolterms.(B) Tlking bout the wether. (D) Listening to wether forecsts.(B) Drivers.(D) Students.converstio n.(B)He is ernestly requesting n nswe⼕(C)He is crefully pinning n out- door excursion.Questions 27?3027.() 20,000.(C)2,000,000.2& () The fmily owners.The government nd the councils. (B) 200,000.(D)2,500,000.(B) The pressure groups?(D) The loci housing committees.(D)He is tenttively prepring composition on socil conventions?26.() English people like to begin converstion when the climte is fvorble.(B)Foreign visitors re sometimes nnoyed by the vribility of the wether in Englnd.(C)Englnd is sid to hvc the most effective trnsporttion system in the world?(D)The wether conditions in Englnd re not s bd s some people hve imgined?29.() Bccusc the rents rc too high.(B)Becuse there re not enough hostels.(C)Becuse the loci councils re inefficient nd indifferent.(D)Becuse some stte- run homes re less comfortble thn prisons.30.() stte- run prtment building for the homeless?(B)n efficient loci housing committee in the metropolis?(C)southern city tht hs solved the housing problem?(D)chrity orgniztion tht offers help to the homeless?Prt C: Listening nd TrnsltionL Sentence TrnsltionDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her 5 English sentences- You will her the sentences ONLY ONCE, fter you hve herd ech sentence, trnslte it into Chinese nd write your version in the corresponding spee in your NWER BOOKLET.(1) ______________________________________________________________________________⑵ ______________________________________________________________________________⑶ ______________________________________________________________________________ II.Pssge TrnsltionDirections: In this prt of the test, you will her 2 pssges. You will her the pssges ONLY ONCE, fter you hve herd ech pssge, trnslte it into Chinese nd write your version in the corresponding spce in your NSWER BOOKLET. You my tke notes while you re listening.⑴ ______________________________________________________________________________⑵ ______________________________________________________________________________SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will red severl pssges? Ech pssge is followed by severl questions bsed on its content. You re to choose ONE best nswer, (), (B), (C) or (D), to ech question. nswer 11 the questions following ech pssge on the bsis of wht is stted or implied in tht pssge nd write the letter of the nswer you hve chosen in the coiTesponding spce in your NSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 ?5In by ner lmeri in Southern Spin will be built the worlds first underwter residence for tourists. The hotel will be 40 feet down in the Mediterrnen. s 11 the world opened to tour opertors, there ws still frontier behind which ly three qurters of the globe's surfee, the sc; in whose cool depths light fdes; no winds blow; there re no strs. There even the most bored trvelers could reepture their sense of romnee, terror or beuty. For submerged hotel is such beutiful ide?The hotel will cost 170,000 nd will be ble to ccommodte up to ten people night. Up untilnow only scientists nd professionl divers hve lived under the se, but soon, for the first time, the public will be ble to go down into the drkness? They will hve to swim down in diving suits, but t 40 feet there would be no problem bout decompression.Design of the hotel ws crucil? Most of the underwter structures used before hd been in the shpc of diving bell or submrinc. Professionl divers could copc with such things but ordinry people would run the risk of violent clustrophobi. Then n ustrin rchitect hd the ide of mking three interconnecting circulr structures, 18 feet in dimeter, nd looking much like flying sucers. They would be cst in concrete nd lunched from the shore. Towed into position they would then be sunk. foundtion of cst concrete would lrecly be in pice on the se- bed. Pylons would ttch the structures to this. Once in position the structures would be pumped dry. The pylons mde to withstnd n uplift pressure of 350 tons, would then tke the strin.Cbles linking the underwter structures to the hotel on shore would connect it with electricity, fresh wter, television, nd n ir pump, nd Iso dispose of sewge? Entry would be from underneth, up ldder; becuse of the pressure inside there would be no need of irlocks or doors.The first structure would include chnging room nd shower rc, where the divers would get out of their ger. There would Iso be kitchen nd lvtory. The second structure would contin dining room/ lecture thetre, nd sleeping ccommodtion for eight people?The third structure would contin two suites, stewrd would come down with the ten customers, to cook nd look fter (hem. Television monitors would rely 11 tht went on to the shore so tht discussions on the se bed could be tmsmitted to 11 the world.1.From the pssge we understnd tht tour opertors nd trvelers will be interested in the submerged hotel s________________ ?()it is quiet pice for reserch work (B) it is n idel se- food resturnt(C)it will offer new possibilities (D) it will hve unchnging wether2.Wht design ws finlly considered most suitble for the new hotel?()Three seprted circles?(B) Three linked discs?(C)Three connected globes- (D) Three interlocked cylinders.3.The hotel would be ble to flot under wter becuse it would be ___________________ ?()mde of light mteril (B) 350 tons in weight(C) filled with ir (D) ttchcd to pylons4.It is pinned tht sleeping qurters will be provided for the guests in the ____________ ?()second structure(B)second nd third structures(C)first nd third structures (D) third structure5.The purpose of television monitors under the se would be to rely ______________ ?().instructions from the se bed to the shore(B). news from the shore to the sc bed(C).informtion from the world to the se bed(D). informtion to the world from the se bedQuestions 6?1()For most people, hosting bout oneself does not come nturlly. It is not esy or comfortble to tell someone II the wonderful things you hve ccomplished. But tht is exctly wht you need to do 讦you re seeking new job, or trying to hold on to the one you hve?Of course, there is fine line between self- confidence nd rrognee, so to be successful in winning over the interviewer you must lern to mximize your ccomplishments nd ttributes without ntgonizing the interviewer.The nturl tendency for most job seekers is to bchvc modestly in job interview. To do the best job of selling yourself in n interview, you hve to be prepred in dvnee? s prt of your jobhunting check list, write down on piece of pper your mjor job- relted ccomplishments. Commit them to memory. You will probbly be plesntly surprised to see in writing 11 tht you hve done?By developing this list, you will hve ccomplished two things: the first is you will impress the interviewer by being ble to tlk confidently nd succinctly bout your ccomplishments. You will not hve to sit uncomfortbly while you think of your successes? They will be t the tip of your tongue. Secondly, rther thn dwell on your own personlity chrcteristics, such s how hrdworking or cretive you re, you cn discuss hrd fets, such s how you sved your employer money or n ide you developed tht helped customer mn more money? When chronicling your ccomplishments for the interviewer, tke s much credit s you honestly cn. If you developed specific ide without help from your supervisor, it is cceptble to sy tht. Remember, you re t tht interview to sell yourself, not your former co? workers?However, never criticize your fonner employer. Shring your negtive thoughts with the interviewer is n immedite turn- off nd will only bmd you s compliner nd gossip, whom no one likes or will hie Keep in mind tht the most importnt prt of job interview is inking the employer like you nd presenting yourself s the person he or she wnts you to be. Consciously or not most employers tend to hire people who reflect their own vlues nd stndrds.Once you get the job you wnt, hosting bout your ccomplishments docs not stop. lthough you my think 11 your successes nd chievements re highly visible, remember tht you re only one If mny people in compny. Lek of recognition is cited by mjority of dischrged mngers s the most frequent complint ginst the former employe⼕To help mke yourself more visible in the compny, volunteer for dditionl ssignments⼀both job- relted nd non- business- relted. These could include community reltions or chritble ctivities in whichyour compny is involved. These types of ctivities my enble you to hve more time nd ccess to top executives of the compny to whom you my ender yourself. You might even hve the opportunity to tell them wht you re doing for the compny, which cn never hurt.6.This rticle is mostly bout how to __________________ ?()interview for job (B) plese your boss(C) get long with co- workers (D) get nd keep job7.In Prgrph 2, the word "mximi zc” mens to ____________ ?()tlk bout (B) mke the most of(C) be modest bout (D) ply down8.The uthor sttes tht the one thing you should never do during n interview is ____________ ?()list your successes in previous jobs(B)promote your qulifictions for the job(C)tell your potcntil boss bout the projects you've worked on(D)mke negtive comments bout your former employer9.The uthor provides his views on winning nd holding new job by __________________ ?()offering suggestions (B) presenting fets nd sttistics(C) describing extreme situtions (D) telling stories10.In the pssge, the uthor recommends 11 of the following EXCEPT ______________ ?()mking point of telling your supervisor wht you hve done(B)tking prt in non- business- relted ctivities(C)going on hosting bout your successes nd chievements(D)giving the employer n ide on how to run his other businessQuestions 11 ?155 Steps to Living Longer1Wtch Your TemperScientists hve long believed tht Type's——those people driven by mbition, hrd work nd tight dedlines⼀were most prone to hert tteks. But it's not striving for gols tht leds to disese; rther, it's being hostile, ngry nd cynicl.Suggests Mittlcmn: if stress mounts so high tht you begin snpping t people, "sk yourself, "Is it worth hving hert ttek over this?"2Lighten Your Drk Moodsfor yers, evidence linking depression to n incresed risk of hert ttek hs been growing? Johns Hopkins reserchers interviewed 1551 people who were free of hert disese in the erly 1980s nd gin 14 yers Iter. Those who reported hving experienced mjor depression were four times s likely to hve hert ttck sthose who hd not been depressed?Exercise is n often overlooked ntidepressnt. In study t Duke University, 60 percent of cliniclly depressed people who took brisk 30- minute wlk or jog t lest three times week were no longer depressed ftcr 16 weeks.3Fltten Tht BellyMore thn 50 yers go French scientist Jen Vgue noted tht people with lot of upper- body ft (those who looked like pples rther thn pers) often developed hert disese, dibetes nd other ilments. But it wsn't until the introduction of CT nd MRI sens tht doctors discovered tht specil kind of ft, viscerl ft, locted within the bdomen, ws strongly linked to these diseses.ccording to the Ntionl Institutes of Helth, there^s trouble brewing when your wist mesures 35 inches or more if you5re womn, nd 40 inches or more if youre mn. nd tht's regrdless of height ?4Limit Your Bd HbitsHevy drinking?Moderte drinkers my be the lest likely to develop Metbolic Syndrome, while lcoholics rc the most likcly. In prt tht's bccusc, pound for pound, they erry more bdominl ft. In one Swedish study, reserchers found tht mle lcoholics erried 48 percent of their body ft within the bdomen，compred with 38 percent for teetotlers?Cigrette smoking? Smoking is dngerous for resons besides lung cncer or emphysem? Some 60 minutes fter smoking cigrette, one study reveled, smokers still showed elevted levels of cortisol, which promotes bdominl ft storge? Over- effeinting. Moderte effeine consumption doesn't seem to be hrmful for most people? But recent studies suggest tht when men who hve both high blood pressure nd fmily history of hypertension drink lot of effeinted coffee while under job stress, they my experience dngerous rise in blood pressure?5Rev Up Your Metbolismnew understnding of how disese sets up shop in your body focuses on metbolism⼀the sum of physicl nd chemicl rections necessry to mintin life. This pproch revels tht helthy metbolic profile counts for more thn crdiovsculr fitness or weight lone?s Glenn ? Gsser, professor of exercise physiology t the University of Virgini, notes, "Metbolic fitness is one of the best sfegurds ginst hert disese, stroke nd dibetes."11.The phrse "snpping t" (Step 1: Wtch Your Temper) is closest in mening to _____________ ?()judging severely (B) decking publicly(C) nswering rudely (D) understnding wrongly/doc/139034eb031ca300a6c30c22590102020640f274.html ording to the pssge, which of the following people rc liblc to incur nd suffer from hert tteks?()Those whose wist mesures 35 inches or less?(B)Those who tke brisk 20- minute wlk twice week.(C)Those who hve experienced mjor depression.14. ccording to the pssgc, wht kind of people rc tcctotlcrs (Step 4: Limit Your Bd Hbits)?(B) Hevy drinkers.(D) Non- smokers.15. Which of the following sttements is TRUE ccording to the pssge?()There is trouble brewing when your wist mesures 35 inches or less.(B) Metbolic fitness might prevent people from hving hert disese ?(C) Moderte drinkers my be the most likely to develop Metbolic Syndrome.(D) Moderte clfeine consumption seems to be hrmful for most people ?Questions 16-20World prehistory is written from dt recovered from thousnds of rcheologicl sites, pices where trees of humn ctivity re to be found. Sites re normlly identified through the presence of mnufetured tools.rcheologicl sites re most commonly clssified by the ctivity tht occurred there ? Hbittion sites re pices where people lived nd erried out wide rnge of different ctivities. Most prehistoric sites come under this ctegory, but hbittion sites cn vry from smll open empsite through rockshelters nd eves, to lrge ccumultions of shellfish remins (shell middens). Villge hbittion sites my consist of smll ccumultion of occuption deposit nd mud hut frgments, huge erthen mounds, or communes of stone buildings or entire buried cities. Ech presents its own specil exevtion problems.Buril sites provide welth of informtion on the prehistoric pst. Grinning skeletons re very much prt of populr rcheologicl legend, nd humn remins re common finds in the rcheologicl record. The erliest deliberte humn burils re between fifty nd seventy thousnd yers old. Individul burils re found in hbittion sites, but often the inhbitnts designted specil re for cemetery. This cemetery could be communi buril pice where everyone ws buried regrdless of socil sttus. Other buril sites, like the Shng royl cemeteries in Chin, were reserved for nobility lone. Prts of cemetery were sometimes reserved for certin specil individuls in society such s cln leders or priests. The ptterning of grve goods in cemetery cn provide informtion bout intngible spects of humn society such s religious beliefs or socil orgniztion ? So cn the pttem of deposition of the burils, their orienttion in their grves, even fmily grouping ? Sometimes physicl nthropologists cn detect biologicl similrities between different skeletons tht my reflect close fmily, or other, ties.Qurry sites re pices where people mined prized rw mterils such s obsidin ( volcnic glss used for (D) Those who hve been striving for gols.(C) Chin smokers.fine knives nd mirrors) or copper. Excvtions t such sites yield roughed out blnks of stone, or metl ingots, s well s finished products redy for trding elsewhere. Such objects were brtered widely in prehistoric times?rt Sites such s the eve of ltmir in northern Spin, or Lscux in southwestern Frnce, re commonpice in some res of the world, noticebly southern fric nd prts of North meric. Mny re eves nd rockshcltcrs where prehistoric people pinted or engrved gme nimls, scenes of dily life, or religious symbols? Some French rt sites re t lest fifteen thousnd yers old.Ech of these site types represents prticulr form of humn ctivity, one tht is represented in the rcheologicl record by specific rtifet nd surfee indictions found nd recorded by the rcheologist.16.n rcheologicl site is defined s pice where _____________ ?()some record of humn ctivity is found(B)humns bury beloved nimls(C)evidence of pint or niml life exists(D)prticulr rock formtions suggest the ptterns of history17.Generlly speking, rcheologicl sites re clssified ccording to _____________ ?()the people who lived there(B)the historicl period during which they were occupied(C)the type of ctivity for which they were used(D)the degree of civiliztion of those who lived there18.The uthor mentions 11 of the following fetures of grves which my provide rcheologists withinformtion bout prticulr society EXCEPT _________ ?()the loction of the grve (B) the goods buried with the person(C) The degree of preservtion of the body (D) The orienttion of the body in the grve19.Qurry sites re pices where _________________ .()pintings showing scenes of dily life(B)engrvings of fmous people(C)pintings recording the loction of buril sites(D)tools nd primitive devices used for engrving/doc/139034eb031ca300a6c30c22590102020640f274.html ording to the pssge, rt sites often contin __________ .(A)pintings showing scenes of dily life(B)engrvings of fmous people(C)pintings recording the loction of buril sites(D)tools nd primitive devices used for engrvingQuestions 21-25I got used, too, to my employer's violent chnges of front. There ws one morning when Siegfriedcme down to brekfst, rubbing hnd werily over red- rimmed eyes?"Out t 2 ?m.he groned, buttering his tost listlessly, “nd I don't like to hve to sy this, Jmes, but it's 11 your“My fultr I sid, strtled."Yes Id, your fult. The frmer hs sick cow for severl dys nd t 2 (/clock this morning he finlly decided to ell the vet. When I pointed out it could hvc wited few hours more he sid Mr. Herriot told him never to hesitte to ring⼀he'd come out ny hour of the dy or night."He tpped the top of his egg s though the effort ws lmost too much for him. "Well，it's 11 very well being conscientious nd 11 tht, but if thing hs wited severl dys it cn wit till morning. You9re spoiling these chps, Jmes, nd Fm getting the bckwsh of ii? Fm sick nd tired of being drgged out of bed for trifles.,^“I'm truly sorry, Siegfried?I honestly hd no wish to do tht to you. Mybe it's just my inexperience? If I didn't go out, I'd be worried the ninil might die. If I left it till morning nd it died, how would I feel?^^ "Tht's 11 right, v snpped Siegfried. "There's nothing like ded niml to bring them to their senses. They'll ell us out bit crlicr next time：I bsorbed this bit of dvice nd tried to ct on it. week Iter, Siegfried sid he wnted work with me.“Jmes, I know you won't mind my sying this, but old Sumner ws co mplining to me tody. He sys he mg you the other night nd you refused to come out to his cow. He's good client, you know, nd very nice fellow, but he ws quite shirty bout it. We don't wnt to lose chp like tht：u But it ws just chronic mstitis^ 1 sid' bit of thickening in the milk, tht's 11. He'd been dosing it himself for nerly week with some quck remedy? The cow ws eting 11 right, so I thought it would be quite sfe to leve it till next dy.”Siegfried put hnd on my shoulder nd n excessively ptient look spred over his fee. I steeled myself.I didn't mind his imprtience, I ws used to it nd could stnd it. But the ptience ws hrd to tke."Jmes, 5,he sid in gentle voice, "there is one fundmentl rule in our job which trnscends 11 others, nd F 11 tell you wht it is. YOU MUST TTEND. Tht is it nd it ought to be written on your on your soul in letters of fire/'21.Siegfried ws not t his best on one morning becuse _______________ ?()his brekfst ws not to his liking(B)he hd been died out during the night(C)he hd been woken up erly for brekfst(D)the frmer hdn5t tried to cure the cow himself/doc/139034eb031ca300a6c30c22590102020640f274.html ording to the pssge, who ws the young vet?()Jmes. (B) Siegfried.(C) Sumner (D) M⼕Herrioson23? Jmes thought it ws 11 right to leve Summer's cow till next dy becuse _________________ ?()tht ws wht Siegfried hd dvised(B)Sumner hd sid there ws no urgency(C)He knew he could do nothing to sve the niml(D)Sumner never pid his bills on time24."You must ttend " (1st prgrph) in the context of the pssge mens “__________ ⼆()You must follow your conscience(B)You must use your powers of discretion(C)You must go out whenever you re died(D)You must py close ttention 111 times25.The impression Jmes gives of Siegfried is tht of _____________ ?() firly esy- going generous employer(B)someone rther pompous nd unpredictble(C)conscientious but senile old mn(D)n insuffcrblc, tyrnnicl bossQuestions 26-30Most towns up to Elizbethn times were smiler thn modem villge nd ech of them ws built round its weekly mrket where loci produce ws brought for sle nd the towns fold sold their work to the people from。
上海市英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试
上海市英语中级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试1997.9 上海市英语中级⼝译资格证书第⼀阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (40 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: Is this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once.Doctors are starting to believe that laughter not only improves your state of mind, butactually affects your entire physical well-being. Britain's first laughter therapist, Robert Holden says:“ Instinctively we know that laughinghelp us(1) and alive. Each time welaugh we feel better and more (2).”A French newspaper found that in 1930 the Frenchlaughed(3) for nineteenminutes per day. By 1980 this had fallen toquestioned said that they would like to (4). Eight per cent of the people(5). Other research suggests thatchildrenlaugh on average about (6) a day, but by the time theyreach(7) this has been reduced to about fifteen times. Somewhere inthe process ofastonishing 385 laughs a day.(8) we lose anWilliam Fry, a psychiatrist fromCalifornia, studied thepatients to watch funny films, and monitored theirHe found that laughter has a similar effect to(9) on the body. He got(10), heart rate and muscle tone.(11). It speeds up the heart rate,increases blood pressure and quickens breathing. Italso makes out(12) muscleswork. Fry thinks laughter isa type ofprovide a kind of(13) in the spot. Laughter can even (14). Fry had proved that laughter producesendorphins —chemicals in the body that relieve pain. Researchers divided(15) into four groups. The first group Listened to a (16) for twenty minutes. Theother three groups listened to either an informative tape, or a cassette(17) hem, or no tape at all. Researchers found that if they produce pain in the students, those who hadlistened to the humorous tape could (18) much longer. Some doctors are convinced that(19) should be a part of every medical consultation, as there is evidence to suggest that laughter stimulates the (20). Part B: Listening ComprehensionⅠ.StatementsDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements willbe spoken only once, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listencarefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest inmeaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen inthe corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. A. Florence's brother has four tickets.B. Florence still has two tickets.C. Florence's brother has to book two tickets.D. Florence didn't keep any tickets.2. A. You have to pay for the pool but not for towels.B. There is no charge for the pool or for towels.C. You must pay to use the pool and to rent a towel.D. Towels cost money, but the pool is free.3. A. Mr. Johnson lied.B. Mr. Johnson denied that he had lied.C. Mr. Johnson denied that he had lied.D. Mr. Johnson insisted that he had not murdered the liar.4. A. Fifteen students continued after the first two weeks.B. forty students dropped out after the first week.C. Twenty-five students continued after the second week.D. Fifteen students dropped out after the first lecture.5. A. You will have it well done if you cook it less than ten minutes.B. If you don't want it well done, cook it more than ten minutes.C. It won't take more than ten minutes to have it well done.D. It will take over ten minutes to get it well done.6. A. This week's holiday will be too late for trash collection.B. Trash collection is always late on Mondaysand Thursdays.C. Trash will have to be collected earlier this week.D. This week trash will be collected later than usual.7. A. The desire to seek happiness is stronger than the desire to seek good health.B. The desire to seek happiness is not strong.C. The desire for food is stronger than the desire to be happy.D. The desire for food is stronger than the desire to be happy.8. A. I don't have a telephone. B. I don't have to write Peter a letter.C. I don't know Peter's telephone number.D. I know Peter's telephone number, but not his address. 9. A. School children like to play with noisemakers. B. Small children like toys that make noise. C. Small children like to ride in noisy cars and trucks.D. Small children like to have quiet toys to play with. 10. A. I got it right after he sent it. B. It took a long time to reach me. C. He sent it only yesterday.D. I sent him the telegram on Monday.Ⅱ.Talks and Conversations Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully, because you will hear the talk orconversation and questions only once. When you hear a question, read the four answer choicesand choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosenin the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 11～1411. A. A beautiful plant. C. A delicious plant. 12. A. In vegetable gardens. C. In supermarkets. 13. A. Its leaves resemble parsley. C. Its leaves are shaped like carrots.B. A poisonous plant. D. A fast-growing plant.B. Only in the United States. D. In many different places. B. It grows next to carrots. D. It does not have roots. 14. A. The person may die.B. The person may get lots of healthful nutrients.C. The person may enjoy it and want more.D. The person may become dangerous.Questions 15～1815. A. At one o'clock. C. At three o'clock. 16. A. Ski.C. Buy skiing equipment.17. A. He doesn't know how to ski. B. He doesn't know where the meeting is.C. He doesn't know what time the meeting starts.D. He is afraid of skiing. 18. A. Leave on a skiing trip.B. Go with the woman to the meeting.C. Try on some skis.D. Give a lecture to the ski club. Questions 19～22 B. At two o'clock.D. At four o'clock.B. Read books on skiing.D. Plan ski trips.沪江英语19. A. To the Grand Canyon.C. To a deserted stonebuilding.20. A. To the Grand Canyon.C. To a tree house.21. A. They have fallen in the river.C. They have grown larger.22. A. Swim in the river.C. Stay at a distance. Questions 23～2623. A. From the radio.C. From the newspaper.24. A. You can eat it.B. It is used only forburgers and fries.C. It is inexpensive.D. You cannot see it.25. A. Paper.C. Com.26. A. It is not as good as paper.B. It should not be used forfood.C. It should be faster thanpaper.D. It might be healthierthan the food.Questions 27～3027. A. Training dogs to use smell.B. Techniques of dogtrainers.C. The smells of varioustypes of food.D. How dog breeds are different.28. A. Most have no sense of smell.B. They are all unable tosmell drugs. C.Theyhaveequallygoodsensesofsmell.D.Most are quite untrainable.29. A. DrugsC. Luggage30. A. Because they are small.B. Because they arefriendly.C. Because they react quickly.D. Because they work wellin the cold.B. To a jewelry show.D. To the Petrified Forest.B. To the Colorado River.D. To the Petrified Forest.B. They have turned to stone. D. They have gotten softer.B. Walk through the trees.D. Take any petrified wood.B. From a book. D. From a lecture.B. Fries.D. Burgers.B. People.D. Explosives.Part C: Listening and TranslationⅠ. Sentence TranslationDirections:In this part of the test. you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentencesonly once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version inthe corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)Ⅱ. Passage TranslationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages onlyonce. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1) (2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes) Directions:In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, A., B.C. orD., to eachquestion. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～6Most people picture sharks as huge, powerful, frighteningpredators, ready at any momentto use their sharp teeth to attack unwary swimmers without provocation.There are numerousfallacies, however, in this conception of sharks. First, there are about 350 species of shark, andnot all of them are large. They range in size from the dwarf shark, which can be only 6 inches(0.5 feet) long and can be held in the palm of the hand, to the whale shark, which can be morethan 55 feet long.A second fallacy concerns the number and type of teeth, which canvary tremendouslyamong the different species of shark. A shark can have from one to seven sets of teeth at same time, and some types of shark can have several hundred teeth in each jaw. It is true that the fierce and predatory species do possess extremely sharp and brutal teeth used to rip their prey apart; many other types of shark, however, have teeth more adapted to grabbing and holding than to cutting and slashing.Finally, not all sharks are predatory animals ready to strike out at humans on the leastwhim. In fact, only 12 of the 350 species of shark have been known to attack humans, and shark needs to be provoked in order to attack. The types of shard that have the worst record with humans are the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the great white shark. However, for most species of shark, even some of the largest types, there are no known instances of attacks on humans.1.The author's main purpose in the passage is to.A. categorize the different kinds of sharks throughout the worldB. warn humans of the dangers posed by sharksC. describe the characteristics of shark teethD. clear up misconceptions about sharks2. The longest shark is probably the.A. whale sharkC. bull sharkB. great whiteshark D. tiger shark3. Which of the following is NOT true about a shark's teeth?A. All sharks have teeth.B. A shark can have six rows of teeth.C. A shark can have hundreds of teeth.D. All sharks have extremely sharp teeth.4. A “jaw” (paragraph 3) isA. a part of the shark's tailC. a backbone5. The passage indicates that a shark attacks a person.A. for no reason6 B. a part of the stomachD. a bone in the mouthB. every time it sees oneC. only if it is botheredD. only at night6. It can be inferred from the passage that a person should probably be the least afraid of.A. a dwarf shark C. a bull sharkB. a tiger sharkD. a great white sharkQuestions 7～11Quite different from storm surges are the giant sea waves called tsunamis, which derivetheir name from the Japanese expression for “high water in a harbor”. These waves are also referred to by the general public as tidal waves, although they have relatively little to do with tides. Scientists often refer to them as seismic sea waves, far more appropriate in that they do result from undersea seismic activity.Tsunamis are caused when the sea bottom suddenly moves, during an underwater earthquake or volcano for example, and the water above the moving earth is suddenly displaced. This sudden shift of water sets off a series of waves. These waves can travel great distances at speeds close to 700 kilometers per hour. In the open ocean, tsunamis have little noticeable amplitude, often no more than one or two meters. It is when they hit the shallow waters near the coast that they increase in height, possibly up to 40 meters.Tsunamis often occur in the Pacific because the pacific is an area of heavy seismic activity.Two areas of the Pacific well accustomed to the threat of tsunamis are Japan and Hawaii. Because the seismic activity that causes tsunamis in Japan often occurs on the ocean bottom quite close to the islands, the tsunamis that hit Japan often come with little warning and can therefore prove disastrous. Most of the tsunamis that hit the Hawaiian Islands, however, originate thousands of miles away near the coast of Alaska, so these tsunamis have a much greater distance to travel and the inbabitants of hawaii generally have time for warning of their imminent arrival.Tsunamis are certainly not limited to Japan and Hawaii. In 1755, Europe experienced a calamitous tsunami, when movement along the fault lines near the Azores caused a massive tsunami to sweep onto the Portuguese coast and flood the heavily populated area around Lisbon. The greatest tsunami on record on the other side of the world in 1883 when the krakatoa volcano underwent a massive explosion, sending waves more than 30 meters high onto nearby Indonesian islands; the tsunami from this volcano actually traveled around the world and was witnessed as far away as the English Channel.7. The paragraph preceding this passage most probably discusses.A. tidal waves C. storm surgesB. tidesD. underwater earthquakes8. According to the passage, all of the following are true about tidal waves EXCEPT that.A. they are the same as tsunamisB. they are caused by sudden changes in highand low tidesC. this terminology is not used by the scientific communityD. they refer to the same phenomenon as seismic sea waves9. It can be inferred from the passage that tsunamis.A. cause severe damage in the middle of the oceanB. generally reach heights greater than 40 metersC. are far more dangerous on the coast than in the open oceanD. are often identified by ships on the ocean10. A. main difference between tsunamis in Japan and in Hawaii is that tsunamis in Japan aremore likely to.A. arrive without warning C. be less of a problemB. come from greater distances D. originate in Alaska11. The passage suggests that the tsunami resulting from the Krakatoa volcano.A. caused volcanic explosions in the English ChannelB. was far more destructive close to the source than far awayC. was unobserved outside of the Indonesian islandsD. resulted in little damage.Questions 12～16FIRE InstructionsTHE PERSON DLSCOVERING A FIRE WILL:1. OPERATE THE NEAREST FIRE ALARM. (This will cause the Alarm Bells to ring, andalso send a signal to the telephone switchboard operator who will immediately call the FireBrigade).2. ATTACK THE FIRE WTTH AVAIL ABLE EQUIPMENT,IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO. FIRE ALARM BELLSThe Fire Alarm Bells will ring either in the area of A Block (workshops and AdministrationOffices) or the area of B Blook (Teaching) and C Block (Sports Hall).Those in the area where theAlarm Bells are ringing should take action as indicated below. Others should continue with theirwork.ON HEARING YOUR FIRE ALARM:1. Those in class: will go to the Assembly Area under instructionsgiven by the teacher. 2.Those elsewhere: will go to the Assembly Area by the most sensible route, and stay near the Head of their Department. ASSEMBLY AREAThe Assembly Area is the playing field which is south of the Sports Hall. Here names will be checked. PROCEDURE1. Move quietly.2. Do NOT stop to collect your personal belongings.3. Do NOT attempt to pass others on your way to the Assembly Area.4. Do NOT use the lift FIRE ALARMSFire Alarms are situated as follows: 1. Administrative BlockAt the Reception desk; at east end of connecting corridor, outside the kitchen door, back of the stage in the Main Hall. 2. Teaching BlocksAt the bottom of both stairways and on each landing. 3. WorkshopsOutside Machine Shop No. 1' Engineering Machine Shop No. 2. 4. Sports HallInside entrance lobby.12. This passage consists of advice on fire safety primarily for.A. people using a new kind of equipmentB. workers in an engineering factoryC. university teachersD. students at college13. When a person discovers a fire, what is the first thing he should do?A. Attempt to put it out himself.B. Telephone the switchboard operator.C. Start the alarm bells ringing.D. Contact the fire brigade.14. People in the block where the fire bell has rung must gather for a check of names.A. in another block C. in one of the playing fieldsB. in the administration office D. in the sports hall15. Imagine you are in the administration office, when a fire breaks out in the sports hall. Whatshould you do, according to the fire instructions? A. Look for the fire-fighting equipment. B. Go quickly to the assembly area.C. Go to the reception desk.D. Carry on with the work you are doing.16. According to the instructions, what is a teacher supposed to do first in case of a fire?A. To check the names of your students from a list.“It's not what you know but who you know that counts.” People who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influential friends or the right background. We say “Ah yes, he must have gone to the right school”. or “She must come from a good family.” We may suspect that some people in positions of authority are there because they belong to the right group or party. To get something done—a signature on a document. or a quick decision—it helps to know someone “on the inside”. At least, this is the widespread belief.It is a comforting belief too. If your boss strikes you asincompetent, it is tempting tobelieve that he only got the job because his father pulled some strings If someone else gets the job which you should have had, well, the “old boy network” must be operating. And yet, if we can get what we want by “having a word” with so-and-so, or by getting so-and-so to put in a good word for us, which of us would not take advantage of the opportunity?Often it is quite harmless. For instance, when Miguel went with Julia to visit Michelle in hospital, he bumped into someone he knew, a doctor who had been at medical school with his father. As a result of this chance meeting, Miguel was able to find out a great deal about Michelle's condition. Julia was not only grateful to him for making use of his connection, but delighted that she was able to learn so much by this means which she of his connection, but delighted that she was able to learn so much by this means which she might never have found out otherwise.At the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she should have been promoted to Production Manager. Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors. This injustice demoralized the young engineer and many of her colleagues. It also meant that the factory was much less efficient than it could have been.All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the modem world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because heir face fits.There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine which would notgo. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped it, once. The machine started up immediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested, “This can't be fight! 100 poundsjust for tapping a machine with a hammer?” The engineer wrote out a new bill: “For tapping a machine, 1 pound; for knowing where to tap it, 99 pounds.”Maybe it is what you know that really counts, after all. 17. It is believed that people have succeeded in life because_________.A. they are influential C. they are from rich familiesB. they feel superior to others D. they have some special advantage。