环球雅思中小学-2012年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文类

2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文类
（精校word版有答案解析）
We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。

成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。

作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。

文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。

最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。

67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.
B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
【答案】A
【解析】根据文章的第一段的“Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知：文章讲得是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好的记着儿时学过的东西。

C、D断章取义，讲得太具体，B项错误，因为那是过度学习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。

所以A正确。

【考点定位】考查主旨要义。

68.The author explains the law of overlearning by_________.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
70. What is the author's opinion on cramming?
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It's helpful only in a limited way.
C. It's possible to result in poor memory.
D. It increases students' learning interest.
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章的最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知：突击学习只在有限的方面有帮助。

所以B正确。

【考点定位】考查作者的观点和态度。

2.【2012全国II】
(C)
Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.
Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.
of pleasure”可知，在美国文化中，一般地说，微笑是快乐的表情。

此处joy是pleasure的同义词。

故选C。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ .
A. show friendliness to strangers
B. be used to hide true feelings
C. be used in the wrong places
D. show personal habits
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章第一段中的“I t can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.”可知这是一个中心句，其后用例证法阐述：微笑能隐藏真正的感情。

它常常导致跨文化间的困惑。

其中越南人讲故事的例子就是为了说明这一观点。

故选B。

【考点定位】考查作者的写作意图。

51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?
A. Learn about their relations with others.
B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.
C. Find out about their past experience.
D. Figure out what they will do next.
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章最后一段中的“The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.”可知，我们在“读”人们的表情的时候，要现理解
他们的文化背景，否则，就会出错。

【考点定位】考查判断推理。

52. What would be the best title for the test?
A. Cultural Differences
B. Smiles and Relationship
C. Facial Expressiveness
D. Habits and Emotions
【答案】C
【解析】文章通篇阐述了面部表情的种种表现形式，以及文化之间的差异导致的面部表情的含义不同。

所以C正确。

【考点定位】考查文章的标题。

3.【2012陕西卷】
D
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身）nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey (传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances» so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员),because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply cause he or
she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
57. Which of the following is the newspaper editor’ opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A. People’s appearances carry messages about themselves.
B. Customers’ choices influence dress stan dards in companies.
C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.
D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
58. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
59. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Employees Matter
B. Personal Choices Matter
C. Appearances Matter
D. Hiring Managers Matter
3.【2012重庆卷】
D
To take the apple as a forbidden fruit is the most unlikely story the Christians（基督教徒）ever cooked up. For them, the forbidden fruit from Eden is evil（邪恶的）.So when Colu brought the tomato back from South America, a land mistakenly considered to be eden, ever jumped to be the obvious conclusion. Wrongly taken as the apple of Eden, the tomato was shut out of the door of Europeans.
What made it particularly terrifying was its similarity to the mandrake, a plant that was the to have come from Hell （地狱）.What earned the plant its awful reputation was its roots w looked like a dried-up human body occupied by evil spirits. Tough the tomato and the man were quite different except that both had bright red or yellow fruit, the general population consio them one and the same, to terrible to touch.
Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s most of the We people continued to drag their feet. In the 1880s, the daughter of a well-known plant expert that the most interesting part of an afternoon tea at her father’s house had been the “introduction this wonderful new fruit-or is it a vegetable?”As late as the twentieth century some writers classed tomatoes with mandrakes as an” evil fruit”.
But in the end tomatoes carried the day. The hero of the tomato was an American named R Johnson, and when he was publicly going to eat the tomato in 1820,people journeyed for hun of miles to watch him drop dead.” What are you afraid of?” he shouted. ”I’ll show you fools these things are good to eat!”Then he bit into the tomato. Some people fainted. But he sur and, according to a local story, set up a tomato-canning factory.
【考点】社会生活类——夹叙夹议
【文章大意】西红柿开始被人类食用是经历了一个非常复杂的过程，短文主要介绍的西红柿从最初的被认为是邪恶的水果到被接受的过程。

68. The tomato was shut out of the door of early Europeans mainly because ______.
A it made Christive evil
B it was the apple of Eden
C it came from a forbidden land
D it was religiously unacceptable
68.【答案】D
【试题解析】根据短文第1段内容可知，西红柿被被教徒们认为是邪恶的水果，而被御之门外。

由此可知，D选项内容与文意相符。

因此，正确答案为D选项。

【难度】一般
69. What can we infer the underlined part in Paragraph 3 ?
A The process of ignoring the tomato slowed down
B There was little progress in the study of the tomato
C The tomato was still refused in most western countries
D Most western people continued to get rid of the tomato
69.【答案】C
【试题解析】短文第3段提到“Cautious Europeans long ignored the tomato, and until the early 1700s…”。

由此结合语境可知，西红柿在大部分西方国家仍然遭受拒绝。

C选项内容与此相
符。

因此，正确答案为C选项。

【难度】一般
70. What is the main reason for Robert Johnson to eat the tomato Publicly ?
A To make himself a hero
B To remove people’s fear of the tomato
C To speed up the popularity of the tomato
D To persuade people to buy products from his factory
E
In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren “, John Keynes, economist, rewrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are indeed what other have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is not true of absolute Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending id decided by the super- iority He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this derive as the only source of demands Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the den almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. The goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality. For example, Porsche famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the mark Priced at over $120,000,it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 200 the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.
By placing the desire to be superior to other at the heart of his description of negation demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has natural limits.
【考点】议论文
【文章大意】经济学家约翰·凯恩斯把人类的需求分为两类：绝对需求和相对需求。

相对需求可能确实是无止境的。

短文举出了几个具体的实例来阐述这一观点。

72. According to the passage, John Keynes Believed that_______.
A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority
C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs
72.【答案】C
【试题解析】短文第段提到“He thought although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (无止境的) this is not true of absolute”。

由此可知，C选项内容与此相符。

因此，正确答案为C 选项。

【难度】一般
73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?
A. They want to show their superiority
B. They find specialty important to meals
C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.
D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.
73.【答案】D
【试题解析】短文第3段提到“The goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.”。

由此可知，这对夫妇出去就餐的只是改善一下。

在四个选项中，D选项内容与此相符。

因此，正确答案为D选项。

【难度】一般
74.What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Understanding.
B. Increase
C. Difference
D. Study
74.【答案】B
【试题解析】根据短文，人们对于质量的需要呈上升的趋势，由此可推测划线词的词义与B 选项的词义相符。

因此，正确答案为B选项。

【难度】一般
75. The author of the passage that ______.
A. absolute needs have no limits
B. demands for quality are not insatiable
C. human desires influence ideas of quality
D. relative needs decide most of our spending
75.【答案】A
【试题解析】浏览全文，短文主要探讨的是绝对需要无止境，A选项与此相符。

因此，正确答案为A选项。

【难度】一般
6.【2012浙江卷】
C
Two friends have an argument that bleaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fir On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need f. consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid off As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the
students felt better about themselves". Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
50. This article is mainly about _ .
A. the lives of school children
B. the cause of arguments in schools
C. how to analyze youth violence
D. how to deal with school conflicts
51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that________ .
A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B. a small conflict can lead to violence
C. students tend to lose their temper easily
D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
52. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?
A. To find out who to blame.
B. To get ready to buy new things.
C. To make clear what the real issue is.
D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
53. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that______.
A. there was a decrease in classroom violence
B. there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C. more teachers fell better about themselves in schools
D. the teacher-student relationship greatly improved
54. The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to_______.
A. complain about problems in school education
B. teach students different strategies for school life
C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
【考点】日常生活类—议论文
【文章大意】学生在学校和同学发生冲突在所难免，那么究竟该如何应对呢？本文进行了分析并给大家提供了一些有效的应对策略。

50.【答案】D
【试题解析】主旨大意题。

根据文章第一段最后一句Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?和整体理解，可知答案D符合文意。

51.【答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。

根据第二段的整体理解，一个小小的三明治都可以导致学生间冲突，由此可以以推知答案B符合文意。

52.【答案】C
【试题解析】细节理解题。

根据文章第五段的第二句：It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.，可以推断出答案C符合文意。

53.【答案】A
【试题解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段的第二句："64 percent of the teachers reported less
physical violence in the classroom;可知答案A符合文意。

54.【答案】C
【试题解析】目的意图题。

根据文章第一段的最后一句Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?可知答案C符合文意，其它各项均不符合文意，故排除。

【难度】一般
【长难句解析】Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?鉴于事实情况确实如此，那么我们为什么不像教学生算数学、开车或者保持健康那样来教育学生应对同学间的冲突和摩擦呢？they are taught to solve math problems是定语从句，关系代词that被省略，修饰先行词the way。

7.【2012天津卷】
D
You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They”are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they”are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.
Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.
Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.
In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.
In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.
51. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A. People and things around you.
B. Opportunities and problems.
C. Creators and their choices.
D. Victims and their sufferings.
52. According to Paragraph 2, creators __________.
A. seem willing to experience failures in life
B. possess the ability to predict future life
C. handle ups and downs of life wisely
D. have potential to create something new
53. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life.
B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives.
C. Victims can influence more people than creators.
D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.
54. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that _______________.
A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.
B. people need family support to deal with challengers in life.
C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.
D. one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life.
55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To define victims and creators.
B. To evaluate victims against creators.
C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators.
D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.
51---55 ACBAD
8.【2012北京卷】
C
Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately an d the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A. ways of making choices
B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishments
D. responses to suggestions
66. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
64.A 第一段中，acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and
disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision,可知压力下的人们经常会keep rewards better in their memory.
65.A 第二段中，The research suggests that stress may change the way people make
choices in predictable ways.
66.D 第七段中，Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more
risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.可以看出是男性在压力下更容易冒险。

9.【2012福建卷】
E篇
Holidays are really important. Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.
But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.
For working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this
across the year. Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday. For some ’ this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment. The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in sofeguaiding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays, much of this is missed.
While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council (委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down lo four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break. We b elieve this will give real “down time" for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.
71. The passage is probably written by .
A. an experienced teacher
B. a working parent
C. an inspired student
D. a city council member
72. The underlined word "they" in the second paragraph refers to " ’.
A. environments
B. holidays
C. wages
D. benefits
73. It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to .
.A. 2 weeks B. 4.5 weeks C. 5 weeks D. 6 weeks
74. The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students_____ .
A. obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs
B. get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school
C. benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment
D. have more school days to receive free school meals
75. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children
B. the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out
C. the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real "down time"
D. some school staff will say “ No" to the plans for a shorter summer holiday
【考点】减少假期问题——一一议论文类
【文章大意】假期使我们放松并去一些地方去游玩，使我们释放压力，但是对于一些低收入家庭或靠救济而过活的家庭来说造成很多的经济负担，本文提倡在不影响学生学习的前提下减少假期的时间。

71. 【答案】D。