01Introduction to Accounting
会计的基本英语知识点汇总
会计的基本英语知识点汇总1. Introduction to Accounting会计简介Accounting is the systematic process of identifying, recording, measuring, classifying, summarizing, interpreting, and communicating financial information. It plays a crucial role in the management and decision-making processes of businesses and organizations.会计是一种系统性的流程，用于识别、记录、度量、分类、总结、解释和传达财务信息。
它在企业和组织的管理和决策过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。
2. Basic Accounting Principles基本会计原则There are several fundamental principles that underpin the field of accounting:有几个基本原则支撑着会计领域：a) Accrual Principle: This principle states that financial transactions should be recorded when they occur and not when the cash is received or paid out.应计原则：该原则规定财务交易应在其发生时记录，而不是在现金收到或支付时记录。
b) Matching Principle: This principle states that expenses should be recognized in the same accounting period as the revenues they help generate.配比原则：该原则规定支出应在与其相关的收入产生的同一会计期间内确认。
会计英语第四版参考答案
会计英语第四版参考答案Chapter 1: Introduction to Accounting1. What is accounting?- Accounting is the systematic recording, summarizing, and reporting of financial transactions and events of a business entity.2. What are the main functions of accounting?- The main functions of accounting are to providefinancial information for decision-making, ensure compliance with laws and regulations, and facilitate the management of a business.3. What are the two main branches of accounting?- The two main branches of accounting are financial accounting and management accounting.4. What is the purpose of financial accounting?- The purpose of financial accounting is to provide an accurate and fair representation of an entity's financial position and performance to external users.5. What is the double-entry bookkeeping system?- The double-entry bookkeeping system is a method of recording financial transactions in which every transactionis recorded twice, once as a debit and once as a credit, to maintain the equality of the accounting equation.Chapter 2: Accounting Concepts and Principles1. What are the fundamental accounting concepts?- The fundamental accounting concepts include the accrual basis of accounting, going concern, consistency, and materiality.2. What is the accrual basis of accounting?- The accrual basis of accounting records transactions when they occur, regardless of when cash is received or paid.3. What is the going concern assumption?- The going concern assumption is the premise that a business will continue to operate for the foreseeable future.4. What is the principle of consistency?- The principle of consistency requires that an entity should apply accounting policies consistently over time.5. What is the principle of materiality?- The principle of materiality states that only items that could potentially affect the decisions of users of financial statements are included in the financial statements.Chapter 3: The Accounting Equation and Financial Statements1. What is the accounting equation?- The accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities +Owner's Equity.2. What are the four main financial statements?- The four main financial statements are the balance sheet, income statement, statement of changes in equity, and cashflow statement.3. What is the purpose of the balance sheet?- The balance sheet provides a snapshot of an entity's financial position at a specific point in time.4. What is the purpose of the income statement?- The income statement reports the revenues, expenses, and net income of an entity over a period of time.5. What is the purpose of the cash flow statement?- The cash flow statement reports the cash inflows and outflows of an entity over a period of time.Chapter 4: Recording Transactions1. What is a journal entry?- A journal entry is the initial recording of atransaction in the general journal.2. What are the steps in the accounting cycle?- The steps in the accounting cycle are analyzing transactions, journalizing, posting, preparing a trial balance, adjusting entries, preparing financial statements, and closing entries.3. What is the difference between a debit and a credit?- A debit is an increase in assets or a decrease inliabilities or equity, while a credit is an increase in liabilities or equity or a decrease in assets.4. What are adjusting entries?- Adjusting entries are made at the end of an accounting period to ensure that revenues and expenses are recorded in the correct period.5. What is the purpose of closing entries?- Closing entries are made to transfer the balances of temporary accounts to the owner's equity account and to prepare the accounts for the next accounting period.Chapter 5: Accounting for Merchandising Businesses1. What is a merchandise inventory?- A merchandise inventory is the stock of goods held by a business for sale to customers.2. What is the cost of goods sold?- The cost of goods sold is the direct cost of producing the merchandise sold during an accounting period.3. What is the gross profit?- The gross profit is the difference between the sales revenue and the cost of goods sold.4. What is the difference between a perpetual and a periodic inventory system?- A perpetual inventory system updates inventory records in real-time with each sale or purchase, while a periodicinventory system updates inventory records at specific intervals, such as at the end of an accounting period.5. What is the retail method of inventory pricing?- The retail method of inventory pricing is a method of estimating the cost of ending inventory by applying a cost-to-retail ratio to the retail value of the inventory.Chapter 6: Accounting for Service Businesses1. What are the main differences in accounting for service businesses compared to merchandise businesses?- Service businesses do not have inventory and their primary expenses are typically labor and overhead costs.2. What is the main source of revenue for service businesses? - The main source of revenue for service businesses is the fees charged for the services provided.3. What are the typical expenses。
chap01Introduction to Accounting
Accounting defined
Accounting is an information system that identifies, measures, records and communicates relevant, reliable, consistent and comparable information about an organization‟s economic activities.
财会专业英语
CH01 Introduction to Accounting
CH01 Introduction to Accounting
1. Bookkeeping and accounting
2. The field of professional accounting
3. Accounting concepts and principles
Economic Decisions
Various factors must be considered when making economic decisions:
financial aspects
personal taste
social factors
environmental factors
Financial and Management Accounting
Accounting‟s role of assisting decision makers by measuring, processing, and communicating financial information is usually divided into the categories of management accounting and financial accounting. Although the functions of management accounting and financial accounting overlap部分重叠 , the two can be distinguished by the principal users of the information they provide.
《会计专业英语》Chapter 1 Introduction to Accounting
▪ 1.1 What is accounting ▪ 1.2 Forms of business entities ▪ 1.3 Business activities ▪ 1.4 Users of accounting information ▪ 1.5 Types of accounting ▪ 1.6 Careers in accounting
12
Internal users
➢ Internal users are employees of an enterprise and are directly involved in managing and operating the business.
➢ From basic labor categories to chief executive officers, all employees are paid, and their paychecks are generated by the accounting information system.
➢ Resources owned by a business are called capital assets. ➢ Assets have different types and names. Various, non-current,
and tangible assets are called property, plant, and equipment (PPE).
9
Investing activity
➢ Investing activities involve the purchase of the resources a company needs in order to operate.
会计英语 翻译chapter1
Chapter one Introduction to Accounting 1.1 Bookkeeping and AccountingAccounting is an information system that identifies，measures，records and communicates relevant，reliable，consistent，and comparable information about an organization’s economic activity. Its objective is to help people make better decisions.An understanding of the principles of bookkeeping and accounting is essential for anyone who is interested in a successful career in business. The purpose of bookkeeping and accounting is to provide information concerning the financial affairs of a business. Owners, managers, creditors, and governmental agencies need this information.An individual who earns living by recording the financial activities of business is known as a bookkeeper, while the process of classifying and summarizing business transactions and interpreting their effects is accomplished by an accountant. Accountant is the individual who understands the accounting principles, theoretical and practical application, and can manage, analyze, and interpret the accounting records. The bookkeeper is concerned with techniques involving the recording of transactions, and the accountant’s objective is the use of data for interpretation.第一章['tʃæptə]会计导论[.intrə'dʌkʃən]1.1 簿记与会计会计是一个信息系统，[ai'dentəfai]辨别、['meʒəz]测量、记录和交流相关的['reləvənt]、可靠的[ri'laiəbl]、持续的[kən'sistənt]和可比的['kɔmpərəbl]一个组织经济活动的信息。
会计英语.
• • •
4. GAAP 一般公认会计原则 5.IASs and IFRSs 国际会计准则及国际财务报告准则
• •
6. Assumptions and characteristics of financial statement. 财务报告的假设及特征
• • •
6.1 Underlying assumptions 基本假设 Accrual basis权责发生制 Going concern 持续经营
• • • • • •
6.2 Qualitative Characteristics of financial statement 财务报告的质量特征 Understandability可理解性 Relevance 相关性 Reliability 可靠性 Comparability 可比性
第 二 章
2.5 Posting from the day books to ledger 日记账结转至总账(分类账) After recording day books, the next step in the accounting process is to post transactions to the accounts in the general ledger and personal ledger.
Unit 2 Accounting cycle Ⅰ 第二章 会计循环Ⅰ
• • •
1. Documenting business transactions 记录企业业务交易 1.1 External documentation 外部凭证
• • • •
1.2 Internal documentation 内部凭证 1.2.1 invoices 发票 1.2.2 Credit Note 抵扣发票 1.2.3 Petty cash voucher 零用资金报 销单
1.1_introduction to accounting会计入门介绍
• Accounting helps turn business ideas into real live companies, like the Dominos Franchise in the textbook. 使商业想法转变成实际的公司
– It helps banks and other decide whether they want to invest. 它帮助银行决定是否投资
Learning Logic 学习逻辑
• The Culture of Learning 学习文化 • Design for Learning: La Trobe University has identified the following capabilities as crucial to the future success of its students: 学生未来成功的关键能力 – Writing 写 – Speaking 说 – Inquiry/Research 探究 – Critical Thinking 批判性思维 – Creative Problem-Solving 创造性地解决问题 – Teamwork 团队合作
•less than 1 per cent were large businesses.少于1%的为大规模生意 Key Statistics, Australian Small Businesses 2011, Australian Government, Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research
Would you invest in Apple or Microsoft? 你会投资苹果还是微软
• How would you make this decision? 如何做决 定 • We would perhaps look at the accounting reports? 看会计报表 • Would it help if the accounting reports were comparable? 若财务报表有可比性，是否有助 于决定 • What else would you want to know? 还想了解 什么
会计英语课件：Introduction to Accounting
▪
ABC Company
▪ Statement of Changes in Equity
▪ For the Period Ended 2012
Beginning Contributed Capital Plus: Capital Acquisition
Ending Contributed Capital
▪ Expense are decreases in retained earnings that result from operations.
▪ Expense are the cost of doing business and are the opposite of revenues.
▪ Expenses include office rent, salaries, and utility payments etc.
▪ If you were an investor who wanted to invest in an internet-based company, how wouy is a good choice? What information would you need to help you make a decision?
▪ Liability means an obligation that legally binds an individual or company to settle a debt.
▪ Liability can include accounts payable, taxes, wages, accrued expenses, and deferred revenues.
Revenue Expenses
大学会计英语教材答案
大学会计英语教材答案Unit 1: Introduction to AccountingExercise 1:1. Accounting is a system of recording, summarizing, and analyzing financial transactions.2. The main goal of accounting is to provide useful financial information for decision-making purposes.3. The primary users of accounting information are investors, creditors, and management.4. The accounting equation is Assets = Liabilities + Equity.5. Financial statements include the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.Exercise 2:1. External users of accounting information include investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities.2. Internal users of accounting information include management, employees, and shareholders.3. The income statement shows the financial performance of a company over a specific period.4. The balance sheet provides information about a company's assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time.5. The cash flow statement reports cash inflows and outflows during a specific period.Exercise 3:1. The accounting cycle consists of several steps: analyzing transactions, journalizing, posting to the general ledger, preparing a trial balance, adjusting entries, preparing financial statements, and closing the books.2. The trial balance is a list of all the ledger accounts with their respective debit or credit balances.3. Adjusting entries are made at the end of an accounting period to ensure that revenues and expenses are accurately recorded.4. The income statement shows the company's revenues, expenses, and net income or loss for a specific period.5. The balance sheet provides a snapshot of the company's financial position at a specific point in time.Unit 2: Financial StatementsExercise 1:1. The income statement reports a company's revenues, expenses, and net income or loss.2. Revenues are inflows of assets resulting from the company's primary activities, such as sales of products or services.3. Expenses are outflows of assets used to generate revenue, such as salaries, rent, and utilities.4. Net income is calculated by subtracting total expenses from total revenues.5. The net income or loss is transferred to the owner's equity section of the balance sheet.Exercise 2:1. The balance sheet reports the company's assets, liabilities, and equity.2. Assets are resources owned or controlled by the company, such as cash, inventory, and equipment.3. Liabilities are obligations or debts owed by the company, such as loans and accounts payable.4. Equity represents the owner's or shareholders' claim to the company's assets after deducting liabilities.5. The balance sheet follows the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Equity.Exercise 3:1. The cash flow statement reports a company's cash inflows and outflows during a specific period.2. Operating activities include cash receipts and payments related to the company's core operations.3. Investing activities include cash inflows and outflows related to the buying or selling of long-term assets.4. Financing activities include cash receipts and payments related to borrowing or repaying debt, issuing or buying back shares, and paying dividends.5. The cash flow statement helps users assess a company's ability to generate cash and its cash management policies.Unit 3: Financial AnalysisExercise 1:1. Financial ratios are used to analyze a company's financial performance and condition.2. Liquidity ratios measure a company's ability to meet short-term obligations.3. Profitability ratios assess a company's ability to generate earnings.4. Solvency ratios evaluate a company's long-term financial stability.5. Market ratios measure a company's value based on its market price and financial performance.Exercise 2:1. The current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.2. The higher the current ratio, the better a company's short-term solvency.3. The debt-to-equity ratio is calculated by dividing total debt by total equity.4. The debt-to-equity ratio indicates the proportion of a company's financing that comes from debt.5. The return on assets ratio is calculated by dividing net income by average total assets.Exercise 3:1. Horizontal analysis compares financial data over multiple periods to identify trends and changes.2. Vertical analysis compares financial data within a single period to determine the relative proportions of each item.3. Ratio analysis involves calculating and interpreting various financial ratios to assess a company's performance and condition.4. Trend analysis examines changes and patterns in financial data over a period of time.5. Comparative analysis compares a company's financial performance with that of its competitors.注意：本文为根据题目内容需求进行的教材答案分析，仅供参考使用。
会计专业的介绍英语范文
会计专业的介绍英语范文Introduction to Accounting.Accounting, the language of business, plays a vitalrole in the financial decision-making process. It involves recording, classifying, summarizing, and interpreting financial transactions to provide users with essential information for informed decision-making. Accounting professionals are responsible for preparing financial statements, such as the balance sheet, income statement,and cash flow statement, which provide a snapshot of an organization's financial position and performance.Historical Evolution of Accounting.The origins of accounting can be traced back to ancient times, with evidence of accounting practices in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Babylonia. However, the modern accounting system as we know it today began to take shape during the Italian Renaissance with the development of double-entrybookkeeping. This system revolutionized accounting by introducing the concept of debiting and crediting transactions, which allowed for more accurate and transparent accounting records.Types of Accounting.There are various types of accounting, each serving a specific purpose and targeting different users. Some of the most common types include:Financial Accounting: Focuses on preparing financial statements for external users, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory agencies.Managerial Accounting: Provides information to help internal management make strategic decisions, such as budgeting, cost allocation, and performance evaluation.Auditing: Involves examining and verifying financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance with regulations.Tax Accounting: Deals with the preparation of tax returns and ensuring compliance with tax laws.Forensic Accounting: Investigates financial fraud and other irregularities.Principles of Accounting.Accounting is governed by a set of principles that ensure consistency and accuracy in financial reporting. These principles include:Accrual Accounting: Transactions are recorded when they occur, regardless of when cash is received or paid.Matching Principle: Expenses are matched against the revenues they generate.Materiality Principle: Only significant transactions are recorded.Going Concern Principle: Assumes that the businesswill continue operating indefinitely.Consistency Principle: Accounting methods are applied consistently from period to period.Accounting Careers.Accounting offers a wide range of career opportunities for individuals with a strong analytical mindset and attention to detail. Some of the common career paths include:Accountant: Prepares financial statements, performs audits, and provides tax advice.Auditor: Examines financial records to ensure accuracy and compliance.Tax Accountant: Assists clients with tax preparation and planning.Forensic Accountant: Investigates financial fraud andother irregularities.Controller: Oversees the accounting department and is responsible for financial reporting.Chief Financial Officer (CFO): Highest-ranking financial executive responsible for overall financial management.Education and Skills.To pursue a career in accounting, individuals typically need to obtain a bachelor's degree in accounting or a related field. Strong analytical skills, attention to detail, and proficiency in accounting software are essential. Professional certifications, such as the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA), can enhance career prospects and earning potential.Conclusion.Accounting is a dynamic and challenging field that plays a fundamental role in business and finance. By providing accurate and reliable financial information, accounting professionals help organizations make informed decisions, manage risks, and achieve their financial goals. With the increasing complexity of the business environment, the demand for skilled accountants is expected to remain high in the coming years.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1 - 10
Accounting is an art
2. Corporate Financial Accounting，Warren ，北京大学出版社（英文版.原书第7版）2003年
第7版
3. 《现代西方会计理论》葛家澍、林志军著 厦门
大学出版社 2002年9月
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
Identification of Users
User Information Needs
Economic Data and Activities
Accounting System
Reports
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1 - 19
• Accounting information is useful to anyone who makes decisions that have economic results. Managers want to know if a new product will be profitable. Owners want to know which employees are productive. Investors want to know if a company is a good investment. Legislators want to know how a proposed law will affect budgets. Creditors want to know if they should extend credit, how much to extend, and for how long.
Accounting English
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1-1
Accounting
Accounting is often said to be the “Language of Business.” Being able to read and understand an accounting report is a crucial skill for success in the business world.
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1-6
Contents (2/2)
Chapter 6 Operating Cycle: Cost of Goods Sold and Inventory Chapter 7 Investing in Operating Assets Chapter 8 Investing in Securities Chapter 9 Financing with Debt Chapter10 Financing with Equity
• Because the work of interpreting accounting information is a very important part of the accountant’s function, accounting has been described as an art.
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1 - 18
Characteristics of Accounting
Essential characteristics of accounting are:
(1) the identification, measurement, and communication of financial information about (2) economic entities to (3) interested parties.
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1-2
Learning Objectives
After studying this course, you should be able to: 1. Learn the professional vocabularies and expressions of accounting English by heart. 2. Master the basic accounting theories and practices of western countries.
User Information Needs
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1 - 14
Accounting — An Information Process
Identification of Users
User Information Needs
Accounting System
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1 - 15
Accounting — An Information Process
Identification of Users
(American Accounting Association AAA,1966)
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1 - 12
Accounting — An Information Process
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1-7
Chapter 1 Introduction to Accounting
1-1 What is accounting 1-2 Forms of organization 1-3 Accounting Concepts and Principles 1-4 Financial Statements & Accounting elements 1-5 Accounting and its profession 1-6 Accounting equation 1-7 Professional ethics in accounting
User Information Needs
Economic Data and Activities
Accounting System
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei Ununting — An Information Process
1-4
Famous Accounting Journals
Accounting Review Accounting Horizons Journal of Accounting Research Journal of Accounting & Economics Journal of Accounting Education
Identification of Users
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1 - 13
Accounting — An Information Process
Identification of Users
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1-3
Accounting English
Reference books
1．Intermediate Accounting, Donald E. Kieso
等著, 机械工业出版社（英文版.原书第12版） 2007年3月
AICPA ,1941
Accounting English by Wu , Business school , Hubei University, 2009
1 - 11
Accounting is an information system
• Accounting is an information system of interpreting, recording, measuring, classifying, summarizing, reporting, and describing business economic activities with monetary unit as its main criterion. • The process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to various users.