EFECTOR传感器
6大常用传感器工作原理(角速度传感器、距离传感器、气压传感器等)
6大常用传感器工作原理(角速度传感器、距离传感器、气压传感器等) 前言现实世界就是一个模拟信号的世界，人通过视觉、触觉等方式来感知世界。
在物联网时代，传感器肩负起了“五官”的使命感知万物，万物互联赋予人类生活无边的想象。
可以说，当前传感器发展处于多领域全面开花状态。
其细分产品之多，之繁杂，就连全部罗列出来都不是件容易的事。
今天就来说说，在消费领域常用的6款传感器。
1.温度传感器
温度传感器使用范围广，数量多，居各种传感器之首。
温度传感器的发展大致经历了以下三个阶段，分别是传统的分立式、模拟集成及新型的智能温度传感器。
新型温度传感器正向智能化及网络化的方向发展。
温度传感器按传感器与被测介质的接触方式可分为两大类：一类是接触式温度传感器，一类是非接触式温度传感器。
传统温度计原理
接触式温度传感器的测温元件与被测对象要有良好的热接触，通过热传导及对流原理达到热平衡，这时的示值即为被测对象的温度。
这种测温方法精度比较高，并可测量物体内部的温度分布。
但对于运动的、热容量比较小的及对感温元件有腐蚀作用的对象，这种方法将会产生很大的误差。
非接触测温的测温元件与被测对象互不接触。
常用的是辐射热交换原理。
此种测温方法的主要特点是可测量运动状态的小目标及热容量小或变化迅速的对象，也可测温度场的温度分布，但受环境的影响比较大。
旧苹果加装温度传感器
凡是需要对温度进行持续监控、达到一定要求的地方都需要温度传感器。
在消费领域，温。
E2E微型靠近传感器产品参数说明书
1E2E High performance in small sizes•pre-wired and M8 connector models •3mm, 4mm, 5.4mm and M5 sizes •response frequency up to 3kHzOrdering InformationSizeSensing Distance Connection Housing Material OutputOperation mode NO Operation mode NC dia 3mm shielded0.6mm pre-wired stainless steelPNP E2E-CR6B1E2E-CR6B2NPN E2E-CR6C1E2E-CR6C2dia 4mm0.8mmpre-wired PNP E2E-CR8B1E2E-CR8B2NPN E2E-CR8C1E2E-CR8C2M8 connectorPNP E2E-CR8B1-M5E2E-CR8B2-M5NPN E2E-CR8C1-M5E2E-CR8C2-M5M51mmpre-wired brassPNP E2E-X1B1E2E-X1B2NPN E2E-X1C1E2E-X1C2M8 connectorPNP E2E-X1B1-M5E2E-X1B2-M5NPN E2E-X1C1-M5E2E-X1C2-M5dia 5.4mmpre-wiredPNP E2E-C1B1E2E-C1B2NPNE2E-C1C1E2E-C1C22Inductive SensorsSpecificationsE2E-C @C @/B @, E2E-X1C @/B @ DC 3-wire ModelsNote:The response speed is an average value. Measurement conditions are as follows: standard sensing object, a distance of twice the standardsensing object, and a set distance of half the sensing distance.Size 3 dia.4 dia.M55.4 dia.TypeShieldedItemE2E-CR6C @/B @E2E-CR8C @/B @E2E-X1C @/B @E2E-C1C @/B @Sensing distance 0.6mm ±15%0.8 mm ±15% 1 mm ±15%Set distance 0 to 0.4mm0 to 0.5 mm0 to 0.7 mmDifferential travel 15% max. of sensing distanceSensing objectFerrous metal (The sensing distance decreases with non-ferrous metal, refer to Engineering Data .)Standard sensing object Iron: 3x3x1 mm Iron: 5x5x1mm Response speed (See note.)2kHz3kHzPower supply voltage (operating voltage range)12 to 24 VDC (10 to 30 VDC), ripple (p-p): 10% max.Current consumption 10mA max.17 mA max.Control output Load currentOpen-collector output, 80mA max.(at 30VDC max.)Open-collector output 100 mA max. (at 30 VDC max.)Residual voltage1 VDC max.(Load current: 80mA, Cable length: 2m)2 VDC max. (Load current: 100 mA , Cable length: 2 m)IndicatorOperation indicator (red LED)Operation mode (with sensing object approaching)C1/-B1 Models:NO C2/-B2 Models:NCFor details, refer to Timing Charts .Protection circuits Power supply reverse polarity protection, surge suppressor Ambient temperature Operating/Storage: –25°C to 70°C (with no icing or condensation)Ambient humidity Operating/Storage: 35% to 95%Temperature influence ±15% max. of sensing distance at 23︒C in the temperature range of –25°C to 70°C Voltage influence ±5% max. of sensing distance in the rated voltage range ±10%±2.5% max. of sensing distance in the rated voltage range ±15%Insulation resistance 50 M Ω min. (at 500 VDC) between current-carrying parts and case Dielectric strength 500 VAC at 50/60 Hz for 1 min between current-carrying parts and case Vibration resistance 10 to 55 Hz, 1.5-mm double amplitude for 2 hours each in X, Y, and Z directions Shock resistance 500 m/s 2 10 times each in X, Y, and Z directions Degree of protection IEC 60529: IP66IEC 60529 IP67 (Pre-wired models: JEM standard IP67g (waterproof, oil-proof))Connection method Pre-wired models (standard length 2 m), connector models Weight(packed state)Pre-wired models Approx. 60 g Connector models —Approx. 12 gApprox. 15 g —MaterialCaseStainless steel (SUS303)Brass-nickel platedSensing surface Heat-resistant ABS Clamping nuts Brass-nickel plated Toothed washerIron-zinc plated AccessoriesInstruction manual3E2E Output Circuits and Timing ChartsOutput CircuitsDC 3-wire ModelsTiming ChartsPin ArrangementE2E-CR8C @/CR8B @/X1C@/X1B@-M5 DC 3-wire ModelsIronCopperS t a inle ss s teel(S U S304) Br ass Al u min u m t = 1 mmIron S t a inle ss s teel (S U S304)Br assAl u min u mt = 1 mmS e n s i n g d i s t a n c e (m m )S ide length of s en s ing o b ject d (mm)S ide length of s en s ing o b ject d (mm)NPN Open-collector OutputBlue 3LoadBlack 4Brown 10 V100 ΩBlue 3LoadBlack 4Brown 10 VOutput100 ΩProximity sensor main circuitProximity sensor main circuit* Pin 4 is an NO contact, and pin 2 is an NC contact.* Pin 4 is an NO contact, and pin 2 is an NC contact.E2E-C/X @C @/B @NPN/PNP Open-collector OutputSensing object Control outputY es NoON OFF Operation indicator (red)ON OFF4Inductive SensorsPrecautionsMountingDo not tighten the nut with excessive force. A washer must be used with the nut.Note:The table below shows the tightening torques for part A andpart B nuts. In the previous examples, the nut is on the sensor head side (part B) and hence the tightening torque for part B applies. If this nut is in part A, the tightening torque for part A applies instead.Refer to the following to mount the E2E-CR8 and E2E-C1non-screw models.Tighten the screw to a torque of 0.2 N·m maximum to secure the E2E-CR8 and a torque of 0.4 N·m maximum to secure the E2E-C1.Effects of Surrounding MetalWhen mounting the E2E within a metal panel, ensure that the clearances given in the following table are maintained. Failure to maintain these distances may cause deterioration in the performance of the sensor.Mutual InterferenceWhen installing two or more Sensors face to face or side by side, ensure that the minimum distances given in the following table are maintained.Note:Values in parentheses apply to Sensors operating at different frequen-cies.ModelPart APart B LengthTorqueTorqueM51 N·mModel Item 3 dia. 4 dia.M5 5.4 dia.E2E-X @C @E2E-X @B @E2E-C @C @E2E-C @B @DC 3-wireShielded l 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm d 3 mm 4 mm 5 mm 5.4 mm D 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm 0 mm m2 mm 2.4 mm3 mm3 mm n6 mm6 mm8 mm8 mmShielded Model Unshielded Model Part B Part APart B Part A8 to 21 mmM3 holeNo screw is provided with the E2E-CR8 or E2E-C1.d dia.Model Item 3 dia. 4 dia.M5 5.4 dia.E2E-X @B @E2E-X @C @E2E-C @B @E2E-C @C @DC 3-wireShielded A 20 mmB 15 mm5E2E Precautions for Safe UseThe colors in parentheses are previous wire colors.Precautions for Correct UseInstallation Power Reset TimeThe Proximity Sensor is ready to operate within 100 ms after power is supplied. If power supplies are connected to the Proximity Sensor and load respectively, be sure to supply power to the Proximity Sensor be-fore supplying power to the load.Power OFFThe Proximity Sensor may output a pulse signal when it is turned OFF. Therefore, it is recommended to turn OFF the load before turn-ing OFF the Proximity Sensor.Power Supply TransformerWhen using a DC power supply, make sure that the DC power supply has an insulated transformer. Do not use a DC power supply with an auto-transformer.Sensing ObjectMetal Coating:The sensing distances of the Proximity Sensor vary with the metal coating on sensing objects.WiringHigh-tension LinesWiring through Metal ConduitIf there is a power or high-tension line near the cable of the Proximity Sensor, wire the cable through an independent metal conduit to pre-vent against Proximity Sensor damage or malfunctioning.Cable Tractive ForceDo not pull on cables with tractive forces exceeding the following.MountingThe Proximity Sensor must not be subjected to excessive shock with a hammer when it is installed, otherwise the Proximity Sensor may be damaged or lose its water-resistivity.Environment Water ResistivityDo not use the Proximity Sensor underwater, outdoors, or in the rain.DC 3-wire ModelsSensorBrownBlackBlueLoadIncorrectDC 3-wire Models (NPN output)SensorBrownBlackBlueLoad(Load short- circuit)DC 3-wire Models (NPN output)SensorBrownBlueLoadBlackSensorBrownBlackLoadBlueIncorrectDC 3-wire ModelsSensorBrownBlueLoadIncorrectDiameterTractive force4 dia. max.30 N max.4 dia. min.50 N max.6Inductive SensorsOperating EnvironmentBe sure to use the Proximity Sensor within its operating ambient tem-perature range and do not use the Proximity Sensor outdoors so that its reliability and life expectancy can be maintained. Although the Proximity Sensor is water resistive, a cover to protect the ProximitySensor from water or water soluble machining oil is recommended so that its reliability and life expectancy can be maintained.Do not use the Proximity Sensor in an environment with chemical gas (e.g., strong alkaline or acid gasses including nitric, chromic, and con-centrated sulfuric acid gases).Connection to a PLC Required ConditionsConnection to a PLC is possible if the specifications of the PLC and the Proximity Sensor satisfy the following conditions. (The meanings of the symbols are given below.)1.The ON voltage of the PLC and the residual voltage of the Prox-imity Sensor must satisfy the following.V ON ≤ V CC – V R2.The OFF current of the PLC and the leakage current of the Prox-imity Sensor must satisfy the following.I OFF ≥ I leak(If the OFF current is not listed in the specifications, take it to be 1.3 mA.)3.The ON current of the PLC and the control output (I OUT ) of the Proximity Sensor must satisfy the following.I OUT(min) ≤ I ON ≤ I OUT(max)The ON current of the PLC will vary, however, with the power sup-ply voltage and the input impedance used as shown in the follow-ing equation.I ON = (V CC – V R – )/R INExampleIn this example, the above conditions are checked for when the PLC model is the C200H-ID212, the Proximity Sensor model is the E2E-X7D1-N, and the power supply voltage is 24 V .1.V ON (14.4 V) ≤ V CC (20.4 V) – V R (3 V) = 17.4 V: OK 2.I OFF (1.3 mA) ≥ I leak (0.8 mA): OK3.I ON = [V CC (20.4 V) – V R (3 V) – ≈4.5 mA Therefore,I OUT(min) (3 mA) ≤ I ON (4.5 mA): OKV ON : ON voltage of PLC (14.4 V)I ON : ON current of PLC (typ. 7 mA)I OFF : OFF current of PLC (1.3 mA)R IN : Input impedance of PLC (3 k Ω)V R : Output residual voltage of Proximity Sensor (3 V)I leak : Leakage current of Proximity Sensor (0.8 mA)I OUT : Control output of Proximity Sensor (3 to 100 mA)V CC : Power supply voltage (PLC: 20.4 to 26.4 V)Values in parentheses are for the following PLC model and Proximity Sensor model.PLC: C200H-ID212Proximity Sensor: E2E-X7D1-NNote:please refer to complete E2E/E2E2 datasheet for details on E2E-X7D1-NV PC V PC (4 V)]/R IN (3 k Ω)V PC : Internal residual voltage of PLC (4 V)Model Connection type Method DescriptionDC 3-wireAND (serial connection)The Sensors connected together must satisfy the following conditions.i L + (N –1) x i ≤ Upper-limit of control output of each SensorV S – N x V R ≥ Load operating voltage N: No. of SensorsV R : Residual voltage of each Sensor V S : Supply voltagei: Current consumption of the Sensor i L : Load currentIf the MY Relay, which operates at 24 VDC, is used as a load for example, a maximum of two Proximity Sensors can be connected to the load.LoadCorrect7E2E DimensionsNote:All units are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.Pre-wired Models (Shielded)Dimensions 3 dia.4 dia.M55.4 dia.F (mm)3.3 dia.4.2 dia.5.5 dia.5.7 dia.+0.30+0.50+0.50+0.50ALL DIMENSIONS SHOWN ARE IN MILLIMETERS.To convert millimeters into inches, multiply by 0.03937. T o convert grams into ounces, multiply by 0.03527.Terms and Conditions of SaleCertain Precautions on Specifications and UseOMRON CANADA, INC. • HEAD OFFICEToronto, ON, Canada • 416.286.6465 • 866.986.6766 • OMRON ELECTRONICS DE MEXICO • HEAD OFFICEMéxico DF • 52.55.59.01.43.00 • 001.800.556.6766 •************** OMRON ELECTRONICS DE MEXICO • SALES OFFICEApodaca, N.L. • 52.81.11.56.99.20 • 001.800.556.6766 •************** OMRON ELETRÔNICA DO BRASIL LTDA • HEAD OFFICESão Paulo, SP, Brasil • 55.11.2101.6300 • .br OMRON ARGENTINA • SALES OFFICE Cono Sur • 54.11.4783.5300 OMRON CHILE • SALES OFFICE Santiago • 56.9.9917.3920 OTHER OMRON LATIN AMERICA SALES 54.11.4783.5300OMRON INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION • THE AMERICAS HEADQUARTERSSchaumburg, IL USA • 847.843.7900 • 800.556.6766 • OMRON EUROpE B.V. • Wegalaan 67-69, NL-2132 JD, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. •Tel: +31 (0) 23 568 13 00Fax: +31 (0) 23 568 13 88 •www.industrial.omron.euCat. No. D11E-EN-02A01/12 Note: Specifications are subject to change. © 2012 Omron Electronics LLC Printed in U.S.A.。
关于气体检测仪中的各类传感器介绍
关于气体检测仪中的各类传感器介绍气体检测仪是一种用于检测和测量环境或工作场所中气体浓度的仪器。
它通过使用各种类型的传感器来测量气体的浓度，并将其转化为可视化或可读的结果。
在气体检测仪中，有几种常见的传感器类型，包括化学传感器、红外传感器、电化学传感器和热导传感器等。
1.化学传感器：化学传感器是最常见的气体检测仪传感器类型之一、它们通常使用化学反应来检测和测量气体浓度。
这些传感器通常包括通过气体吸附或反应产生电流或电势变化的材料。
它们可以检测多种气体，如可燃气体、有害气体和毒性气体等。
化学传感器通常非常灵敏，可以在低浓度下检测目标气体。
2.红外传感器：红外传感器是一种常用的气体检测仪传感器类型，它通过测量目标气体在红外波长范围内吸收的辐射来检测气体浓度。
红外传感器通常包括一个红外源和一个红外检测器。
当目标气体通过传感器时，它会吸收红外辐射，导致检测器输出信号的变化。
红外传感器可以检测可燃气体，如甲烷、乙烷和丙烷等。
3.电化学传感器：电化学传感器是一种常用于测量气体浓度的传感器类型。
它们基于气体与电极之间的化学反应来产生电流或电势变化。
电化学传感器通常包括一个工作电极、一个参考电极和一个计数电极。
当目标气体与工作电极接触时，会引发电化学反应，进而改变电极电势。
这种变化可以通过测量工作电极和参考电极之间的电流或电势差来确定目标气体浓度。
4.热导传感器：热导传感器是一种用于测量气体浓度的传感器类型。
它们基于气体对热传导的影响来测量气体浓度。
热导传感器通常包括一个加热元件和一个测温元件。
加热元件通过消耗电能产生热量，并使气体周围的温度升高。
测温元件测量气体周围的温度变化，当目标气体存在时，热量传导会发生变化，从而导致温度变化。
通过测量温度变化，可以确定目标气体的浓度。
总结起来，气体检测仪中的传感器类型包括化学传感器、红外传感器、电化学传感器和热导传感器等。
这些传感器利用不同的原理和技术来检测和测量目标气体的浓度。
O2 传感器 4100 e 说明书
Instruction manual O2Transmitter 4100 eOrder number: 52 121 114ContentsMettler-Toledo GmbH, Process Analytics, Industrie Nord,CH-8902 Urdorf, Tel. (01) 736 26 36Subject to technical changes. Mettler-Toledo GmbH, 10/03.WarrantyDefects occurring within 1 year from delivery date shall be remedied free of charge at our plant (carriage and insurance paid by sender).Subject to change without noticeDisposal (Directive 2002/96/EC of January 27, 2003)Please observe the applicable local or national regulations concerning the disposal of “waste electrical and electronic equipment”.ContentsSafety information Array Be sure to read and observe the following instruc-tions!The device has been designed in accordance with the state ofthe art and complying with the applicable safety regulations.When operating the device, certain conditions may neverthe-less lead to danger for the operator or damage to the device.Caution!Commissioning may only be carried out by trained experts.Whenever it is likely that protection has been impaired, thedevice shall be made inoperative and secured against unintend-ed operation.The protection is likely to be impaired if, for example:•the device shows visible damage•the device fails to perform the intended measurements•after prolonged storage at temperatures above 70 °C•after severe transport stressesBefore recommissioning the device, a professional routine testin accordance with EN 61010-1 must be performed. This testshould be carried out by the manufacturer.Intended useThe O2Transmitter 4100 e is used for dissolved oxygen and tem-perature measurement in biotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, as well as in the field of environment, food processing, and sewage treatment.The rugged molded enclosure can be wall or pipe mounted or fixed into a control panel.The protective hood provides additional protection against direct weather exposure and mechanical damage.The Transmitter has been designed for application with ampero-metric sensors of the InPro6000 ... InPro6800 Series. TrademarksThe following names are registered trademarks. For practical rea-sons they are shown without trademark symbol in this manual. InPro®EasyClean®EC Declaration of conformityOverview of O 2Transmitter 4100 eDo not connect!CathodeGuardAnodeReference electrode RTDRTDshieldHOLD HOLD/CONTROL CONTROL+ Output 1- Output 1/2+ Output 2Relay 1Relay 1/2Relay 2AlarmAlarmClean Clean Power PowerPackage contentsCheck the shipment for transport damage and completeness. The package should contain:• Front unit• Lower case• Bag containing small parts• Instruction manual• Specific test reportAssemblyFig.: Pipe-mount kitPipe mounting, panel mountingInstallation and connectionCaution!•Installation may only be carried out by trained experts in accordance with this instruction manual and as per applicable local and national codes.•Be sure to observe the technical specifications and input ratings.•Be sure not to notch the conductor when stripping the insulation.•Before connecting the device to the power supply, make sure that its voltage lies within the range 20.5 to 253 V AC/DC.•When commissioning, a complete configuration must be carried out by the system administrator.The terminals are suitable for single wires and flexible leads upto 2.5 mm2(AWG 14)Warning!Additional safety precautions have to be taken for applications in hazardous locations to CSA (CLI DIV2 GPA,B,C,D T4, Ex nA IIC T4)!(See Pg 93.)Protective wiring of switching contactsRelay contacts are subjected to electrical erosion. Especially with inductive and capacitive loads, the service life of the con-tacts will be reduced. For suppression of sparks and arcing,components such as RC combinations, nonlinear resistors,series resistors and diodes should be used.Protective wiringA: DC application with inductive loadB: AC/DC applications with capacitive load C: Connection of incandescent lampsA1Inductive loadA2Free-wheeling diode, e.g. 1N4007 (Observe polarity)A3ContactB1Capacitive loadB2Resistor, e.g. 8 Ohms/1 W at 24 V / 0.3 A B3ContactC1Incandescent lamp, max 60 W / 230 V , 30 W / 115 V C3ContactWarning!Make sure that the maximum ratings of the relay contacts are not exceeded even during switching!Typical protective wiring measuresProtective wiringUser interface, displayDisplayOperation: KeypadSensocheck, Sensoface sensor monitoringSensocheck continuously monitors the sensor and leads.Sensocheck can be switched off (Configuration, Pg 46).Safety featuresMode codesThe mode codes allow fast access to all functions CalibrationOverview of configuration stepsNote:The Transmitter 4100 e has a device a resolution of 0.01 ppm. For the sensor type B, we recommend the O2Transmitter 4100ppb with a device resolution of 0.001 ppm.Polarization voltage. Process pressure. Salt correction.Two complete parameter sets are stored in the EEPROM. As delivered, the two sets are identical but can be edited. Note:Fill in your configuration data on the following pages.Default settings of parameter setsCode. Parameter Setting o1. Sensor type ________________________o1. %, mg/l, ppm ________________________o1. 0/4-20 mA________________________o1. Current beginning ________________________o1. Current end ________________________o1. Filter time ________________________o1. 22mA signal ________________________o1. Hold behavior ________________________o1. Fix current ________________________o2. Unit °C / °F ________________________o2. Temp probe ________________________o2. 0/4...20mA________________________o2. Current beginning ________________________o2. Current end ________________________o2. Filter time ________________________o2. 22mA signal ________________________o2. Hold behavior ________________________o2. Fix current________________________Co. Polarization voltage ________________________Co. Pressure unit ________________________Co. Pressure ________________________Co. Salinity ________________________CA. Cal mode ________________________CA. Cal interval ________________________AL. Sensocheck ________________________AL. Alarm delay ________________________AL. LED Hold________________________Parameter set – user settingsCode. Parameter Setting rL. Relay function ________________________L1. Contact function ________________________L1. Contact response ________________________L1. Switching point ________________________L1. Hysteresis ________________________L1. Delay________________________L2. Contact function ________________________L2. Contact response ________________________L2. Switching point ________________________L2. Hysteresis ________________________L2. Delay________________________Ct. Setpoint ________________________Ct. Neutral zone ________________________Ct. P action ________________________Ct. I action ________________________Ct. D action________________________Ct. PLC/PFC controller ________________________Ct. Pulse length ________________________Ct. Pulse frequency ________________________Ct. Hold behavior ________________________Pb. Probe selection ________________________Pb. Rinsing interval ________________________Pb. Rinse duration ________________________Pb. Contact type ________________________Pb. Cleaning interval________________________Pb. Lock cleaning interval________________________It is always recommended to calibrate in air.Compared to water, air is a calibration medium which is easy to handle, stable, and thus safe. In the most cases, however, the sensor must be dismounted for a calibration in air.When dealing with biotechnological processes which require sterile conditions, the sensor cannot be removed for calibration. Here, calibration must be performed with aeration directly in the process medium (e.g. after sterilization).The calibration procedures for these two common applications are described on the following pages. Of course, other combina-tions of process variable and calibration mode are possible.Note:When a 2-point calibration is required, the zero point calibration should be performed prior to saturation or concentration cali-bration, resp.All calibration procedures must be performed by trainedpersonnel.Zero point calibrationNote:In Hold mode the controller output acts as configured (Y = const. or Y = 0).50 %X w10 / (1.00)20 / (2.00)30 / (3.00)40 / (4.00)50 / (5.00) ControlleroutputYProportional action (Gradient K C[%])Neutral zone (Y=0)Tolerated deviation from setpoint.The setting “010%”, for example, permits a deviation of ±5 % from the desired value without activating the controller.Pulse length / pulse frequency controllerPulse length controller (PLC)The pulse length controller is used to operate a valve as an actuator. It switches the contact on for a time that depends on the controller output. The period is constant. A minimum ON time of 0.5 sec is maintained even if the controller output takes corresponding values.Pulse frequency controller (PFC)The pulse frequency controller is used to operate a frequency-controlled actuator. It varies the frequency with which the contacts are switched on. The maximum pulse frequency [pulses/min] can be defined. It depends on the actuator.The Contact ON time is constant. It is automatically calculated from the user-defined maximum pulse frequency:Output signal (switching contact) of pulse frequency controllerOutput signal (switching contact) of pulse length controllerOperation with automatic cleaning system“EasyClean” is a separate automatic cleaning system. The cleaning cycle is activated according to the cleaning interval defined during configuration (Pg 55).Calibration error messagesNoteThe worsening of a Sensoface criterion leads to the devaluation of the Sensoface indicator (Smiley becomes “sad”). An improvement of the Sensoface indicator can only take place after calibration or removal of a sensor defect.SensocheckContinuously monitors the sensor and lines for short circuits or open circuits. Critical values make the Sensoface “sad” and the corresponding icon flashes:The Sensocheck message is also output as error messageErr33. The alarm contact is active, the red LED is lighted, out-put current 1 is set to 22 mA (when configured corresponding-ly). Sensocheck can be switched off during configuration (then Sensoface is also disabled). Exception: After a calibration aAppendixProduct line and accessoriesDevices Order No. O2Transmitter 4100 e52 121 103 Mounting accessoriesPipe-mount kit52 120 741 Panel-mount kit52 120 740 Protective hood52 120 739 SensorsMettler-Toledo GmbH, Process Analytics offers a wide range of sensors for the following fields of applications:- Chemical process industry- Pharmaceutical industry- Food and beverage industry- Water/waste-waterFor more information concerning our sensors and housings program, please refer to .DO input Sensor Type A: InPro6000 – 6800Sensor Type B:InPro6900Measuring current-2 to 1800 nA,Resolution 0.05nA(with Vpol = 800 mV and Vref = 200 mV)Saturation (-10 to 80 °C)0 to 500 %Meas. error1,2,30.5 % meas.val. + 0.5 %Concentration (-10 to 80 °C)0.00 to 50.00 mg/l0.00 to 50.00 ppmMeas. error1,2,30.5 % meas.val. + 0.05 mg/lor 0.05 ppmAdm. guard current≤20 µAPolarization voltage*0 to 1000 mV,Process pressure *0.000 to 9.999 bars(to 999.9 kPa / to 145.0 psi)Salt correction *00.00 to 45.00 g/kgSensor standardizationOperating modes *DO saturation (automatic)DO concentration (automatic)Product calibrationZero point calibrationCalibration range Zero point±2 nASensor Type A Slope25 to 130 nA(at 25 °C, 1013 mbars)Calibration range Zero point±2 nASensor Type B Slope200 to 550 nA(at 25 °C, 1013 mbars)Calibration timer *0000 to 9999 hPressure correction *0.000 to 9.999 bars / 999.9 kPa / 145.0 psiSensocheck Monitoring for short circuits / open circuits (can be disabled)Sensoface Provides information on the sensor conditionEvaluation of zero/slope, response,calibration interval, Sensocheck Temperature NTC 22 kOhms / NTC 30 kOhms, selectableinput2-wire connection, adjustableMeasurement range-20.0 to +150.0 °C / -4 to +302 °FAdjustment range10 KResolution0.1 °C / 1 °FMeas. error1,2,3< 0.5 K (<1 K at > 100°C)HOLD input Galv. separated (OPTO coupler)Function Switches Transmitter to HOLD modeSwitching voltage Inactive0 to 2 V (AC/DC)Active10 to 30 V (AC/DC) CONTROL input Galv. separated (OPTO coupler)Function Control input for automatic cleaning system Switching voltage Inactive0 to 2 V (AC/DC)Active10 to 30 V (AC/DC) Output 10/4 to 20 mA, max. 10 V, floating(galv. connected to output 2)Process variable *DO saturation/DO concentrationOverrange *22 mA in the case of error messagesOutput filter *Low-pass, filter time constant 0 to 120 sMeas. error 1< 0.3 % current value + 0.05 mAStart/end of scale Configurable within selected rangeAdm. span 5 to 500 % / 0.5 to 50 mg/l (ppm)Output 20/4 to 20 mA, max. 10 V, floating(galv. connected to output 1)Process variable TemperatureOverrange *22 mA in case of temp error messagesOutput filter *Low-pass, filter time constant 0 to 120 sMeas. error 1< 0.3 % current value + 0.05 mAStart/end of scale*-20 to +150 °C / -4 to +302 °FAdm. span 20 to 170 K (68 to 338 °F)Alarm contact Relay contact, floatingContact ratings AC< 250 V / < 3 A / < 750 VADC< 30 V / < 3 A / < 90 WContact response N/C (fail-safe type)Response delay *0000 to 0600 sLimit values Output via relay contacts R1, R2Contacts R1, R2 floating but inter-connected Contact ratings AC< 250 V / < 3 A / < 750 VADC< 30 V / < 3 A / < 90 WContact response*N/C or N/OResponse delay *0000 to 0600 sSwitching points*Within selected rangeHysteresis*000.0 to 050.0 % / 00.00 to 05.00 mg/l (ppm)PID Output via relay contacts R1, R2process controller(Relay R1: below setpoint,Relay R2: above setpoint)Setpoint specification*0 to 500 % / 0.00 to 50.00 mg/l (ppm)Neutral zone*000.0 to 050.0 % / 00.00 to 05.00 mg/l (ppm)P-action component*Controller gain Kp: 0010 to 9999 %I-action component*Reset time Tr:0000 to 9999 s(0000 s = no integral action) D-action component*Rate time Td: 0000 to 9999 s(0000 s = no derivative action) Controller type*Pulse length controller or pulse frequency controller Pulse period*0001 to 0600 s, min. ON time 0.5 s(pulse length controller)Max. pulse frequency*0001 to 0180 min-1(pulse frequency controller)Cleaning function*Relay contact, floating, for controlling a simple rinsingsystem or an automatic cleaning system (EasyClean) Contact ratings AC< 250 V / < 3 A / < 750 VADC< 30 V / < 3 A / < 90 WContact response*N/C or N/OInterval *000.0 ... 999.9 h(000.0 h = cleaning function switched off)Rinse duration*0000 ... 1999 sDisplay LC display, 7-segment with iconsMain display Character height 17 mm, unit symbols 10 mm Secondary display Character height 10 mm, unit symbols 7 mmSensoface 3 status indicators (friendly, neutral, sad Smiley)Mode indicators 5 status bars“meas”, “cal”, “alarm”, “cleaning”, “config”18 further icons for configurationand messagesAlarm indication Red alarm LED in case of alarm or HOLD (user defined) Keypad 5 keysService functionsCurrent source Current specifiable for output 1 and 2 (00.00 to 22.00 mA) Manual controller Controller output entered directly (start of control process) Device self-test Automatic memory test (RAM, FLASH, EEPROM)Display test Display of all segmentsLast Error Display of last error occurredSensor monitor Display of direct, uncorrected sensor signalRelay test Manual control of the four switching contactsParameter sets Two selectable parameter sets for differentapplicationsData retention Parameters and calibration data > 10 years (EEPROM)Protection against Protective separation of all extra-low-voltage circuits against electrical shock mains by double insulation as per EN 61010-1Power supply24 (-15%) to 230 V AC/DC (+10%); approx. 5 VA, 2.5 WAC: 45 to 65 Hz; Overvoltage category II, Class IINominal operating conditionsAmbient temperature-20 to +55 °CTransport/Storage temp.-20 to +70 °CRelative humidity 10 to 95 % not condensingPower supply24 (-15%) to 230 V AC/DC (+10%)Frequency for AC45 to 65 HzEMC EN 61326Emitted interference Class B (residential environment)Class A for mains supply > 60 V DCImmunity tointerference IndustrialenvironmentExplosion protectionFM: NI Class I Div 2 Group A, B, C & D,T4T a = 55 °C; T ype 2NI Class I Zone 2Group IIC,T4 T a = 55°C; T ype 2CSA:Class I Div 2 Groups A, B, C and D,T4Ex nA IIC T4Enclosure Molded enclosure made of PBT (polybutylene terephtalate) Color Bluish gray RAL 7031Assembly• Wall mounting• Pipe mounting: dia 40 to 60 mm, 30 to 45 mm• Panel mounting, cutout to DIN 43 700Sealed against panelDimensions H 144 mm, B 144 mm, T 105 mmIngress protection IP 65 / NEMA 4XCable glands 3 breakthroughs for cable glands M20x1.52 breakthroughs for NPT 1/2 “orRigid Metallic ConduitWeight Approx. 1 kg*) User-defined) To IEC 746 Part 1, at nominal operating conditions) ±1 count) Plus sensor errorExplosion protectionWarnings and notesto ensure safe operation2-point calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6122 mA signal for error message . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37, 43, 78Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85Alarm settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Alarm contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46, 88, 78Alarm delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Error messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78Operating states . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10Cal timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61Calibration to concentration (Conc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64Calibration to saturation (SAT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Display of calibration data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Specify calibration mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Cleaning system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Lock cleaning interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Configuration steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Menu structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27Configuration: Alarm settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Alarm delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47LED in HOLD mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Sensocheck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Configuration: Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Polarization voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Process pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Salt correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Configuration: Calibration mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Cal timer interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Configuration: Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52IndexConfiguration: Limit function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Settings for relay 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Settings for relay 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Use of relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49Configuration: Output 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Measurement procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Output current during Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Output current range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Output signal during HOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Select sensor type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Time constant of output filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Configuration: Output 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Output current during HOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Set output current range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Temperature error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Temperature probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Temperature unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Time constant of output filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Configuration: Rinsing and calibration probes . . . . . . . . . .54Control drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94, 96Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62Controller equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Controller test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Pulse length / pulse frequency controller . . . . . . . . . . . .74Controller: behavior during HOLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53Current source 1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72Diagnostics functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Controller test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73Display of calibration data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Display of last error message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Display of output currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71Display of sensor current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71。
接近开关传感器PPT课件
广泛丰富的应用类型
3． 霍尔接近开关 霍尔元件是一种磁敏元件。利用霍尔元件做成的开关，叫做霍尔开关。
当磁性物件移近霍尔开关时，开关检测面上的霍尔元件因产生霍尔效应 而使开关内部电路状态发生变化，由此识别附近有磁性物体存在，进而 控制开关的通或断。这种接近开关的检测对象必须是磁性物体。 4． 光电式接近开关
利用光电效应做成的开关叫光电开关。将发光器件与光电器件按一定 方向装在同一个检测头内。当有反光面（被检测物体）接近时，光电器 件接收到反射光后便在信号输出，由此便可“感知”有物体接近。 5． 热释电式接近开关 用能感知温度变化的元件做成的开关叫热释电式接近开关。这种开关是 将热释电器件安装在开关的检测面上，当有与环境温度不同的物体接近 时，热释电器件的输出便变化，由此便可检测出有物体接近。 6． 其它型式的接近开关
常见 型号
常用电容式接近开关规格型号及具体参数
（浙江·洞头光电开关厂提供）
附：各种型号尺寸
西普公司的相关产品
以CJS12糸列为例
具体参数
更多信息详见西普
其他接近开关
一. 光电开关
反 射 板 型
二. 霍 尔 开 关
三.磁性开关
更多信息 详见：
西普
接近开关传感器应用方向
各种型号尺寸35现在按形状来分类举西普公司的产品为例3637通用型糸列3839再举其中j5糸列为例参数如下4041更多信息详见西普42它的测量头通常是构成电容器的一个极板而另一个极板是物体的本身当物体移向接近开关时物体和接近开关的介电常数发生变化使得和测量头相连的电路状态也随之发生变化由此便可控制开关的接通和关断
Ashcroft A4 自燃性和非燃性评估压力传感器说明书
m1. G ENERAL:may be caused by e2. O VERPRES S URE:Pressure spikesmay causef ollowing:4. W ARNING/AVERTIS S EMENT• D O NOT OPEN UNIT WHENENERGIZEDN E PAS OUVRIR L’APPAREILLORSQU’IL EST SOUS TENSION• S UBSTITUTION OF COMPONENTSMAY IMPAIR INTRINSIC SAFETYL A SUBSTITUTION DE COMPOSANTSPEUT COMPROMETTRE LASÉCURITÉ INTRINSÈQUE”• E XPLOSION HAZARD - DO NOTDISCONNECT WHILE CIRCUIT ISLIVE UNLESS AREA IS KNOWN TOBE NON-HAZARDOUSR ISQUE D’EXPLOSION. NE PASDÉBRANCHER TANT QUE LECIRCUIT EST SOUS TENSION, ÀMOINS QU’lL NE S’AGISSE D’UNEMPLACEMENT NON DANGEREUX• E XPLOSION HAZARD –SUBSTITUTION OF COMPONENTSMAY IMPAIR SUITABILITY FORCLASS I, DIVISION 2R ISQUE D’EXPLOSION – LASUBSTITUTION DE COMPOSANTSPEUT RENDRE CE MATÉRIELINACCEPTABLE POUR LESEMPLACEMENTS DE CLASSE I,DIVISION 2Enclosure Option “S”Enclosure Option “W”*Dimensions and construction details may vary based on product specified.Conduit styleelectricalterminationPower SupplyPower Supply Voltage Output SignalMin Max 4-20mA* 12V**30V* R efer to Ashcroft drawing #825A022 for supply voltage and load limit.** T he minimum voltage at the terminals is 12Vdc. However, the minimum supply voltage should be calculated using the following graph and formula.MountingThe A4 transmitter requires no s pecial mounting hardware, and can be m ounted in any plane with negligible position error. Although the unit can withstand normal vibration without damage or significanto utput effects, it is always good practice to mount the transducer where there is mini-mum vibration.For units with NPT type pressure fittings apply Teflon ® tape or an equivalent sealant to the threads before installing.When tightening, apply a wrench to the hex wrench flats located just above the pressure fitting. DO NOT tighten by using a pipe wrench on the housing.NoiseFor minimum noise susceptibility, avoid running the transducer’s cable in a con-duit that contains high current AC power cables. Where possible avoid running the cable near inductive equipment.Shielded CableUnits with shielded cable electrical ter-mination, connect the drain wire to theguard terminal on the read out device ormeasuring instrument, if available. In allother cases connect to the ground or to thepower supply negative terminal.Vent Tube (Cable Termination Only) The cable has a clear Teflon ® vent tube required at pressure ranges below 500 psi to provide atmospheric reference. Theopen end should be placed in a dry area.PO WER SUPPL Y4-20mAOR OTHER DE VICEA4 Wiring DiagramsZero and Span AdjustmentInstructions below apply to the particular configurations noted. While Zero adjustment is not normally necessary, it may be desir-able to trim out any offset in the system. However, proper Span calibration requires a pressure standard three to five times more accurate than the accuracy of the trans-ducer, and there may also be interaction of Span on Zero .A4 transducer has internal transient protection: for safety, limit line-to-ground voltage to 36 Vdc max.A4 configurations with enclosure “S” offer Zero and Span potentiometer access.Access to “Z” and “S” pots via the top (electrical termination end) of the unit is standard on all “S” enclosure units with 4-20mA output. Access is gained byremoving the black threaded cap, onceremoved you will see the pots indicatedby “Z” and “S” respectively as shownbelow. Using a small trim pot tool, youcan adjust zero ±10% of full scale andspan ±10% of full scale.Recalibration Instructions:1. Apply 0% full scale pressure.2. A djust the output using the zero adjust trim pot.3. Apply 100% full scale pressure.4. A djust the output using the span adjustment trim pot.5. Repeat steps 1 through 4 as necessary.Vmin = 12V+ (.022A x RL) (includes a 10% safety factor)RL = RS + RWRL = Loop Resistance (ohms)RS = Sense Resistance (ohms)RW = Wire Resistance (ohms)1000800600400200Loop Supply Voltage (Vdc)Loop Supply Voltage vs. Loop ResistanceL o o p R e s i s t a n c e (O h m s )HAZARDOUS AREA CERTIFICATIONSIntrinsically Safe (applies to 4-20mA) FM/CSA: Intrinsic Safety: C lass I, II and III Div.1 and 2,Groups A, B, C, D, F and G per entity requirements see Ashcroft drawing # 825A022Non-Incendive: C lass I, II and III Div. 2,Groups A, B, C, D, F and G, no barriers needed(4) PIN BENDIX STYLEELECTRICAL TERMINATION SHELL SIZE 8(B4), (H1), (L1), (P2)FLYING LEADS ELECTRICAL TERMINATION CONDUIT - 1/2 NPT MALE (C2), (C3), (C4)ELECTRICAL TERMINATION FORWELDED HOUSINGS ONLY INCLUDING EXPLOSION PROOF (EW), (E0), (E1), (E2) (CD), (DN), (D0), (D1), (D2)SHELL SIZE 8 (B4), (H1), (L1), (P2)PLASTIC MOLDED(F2), (P1)Pin # Voltage CurrentOutputOutputA (+) Power (+) PowerB (+) Output NoneC Field Gnd. Field Gnd.D (-) Power (-) Power(4) PIN BENDIX STYLE ELECTRICAL TERMINATION SHELL SIZE 8(B4), (H1), (L1), (P2)FLYING LEADS ELECTRICAL TERMINATION CONDUIT - 1/2 NPT MALE (C2), (C3), (C4)ELECTRICAL TERMINATION FOR WELDED HOUSINGS ONLY INCLUDING EXPLOSION PROOF (4) PIN BENDIX STYLE ELECTRICAL TERMINATION SHELL SIZE 8(B4), (H1), (L1), (P2)ELECTRICAL TERMINATIONS FOR WELDED HOUSINGS ONLY EXCLUDING EXPLOSION PROOFFLYING LEADS ELECTRICAL TERMINATION CONDUIT - 1/2 NPT MALE (C2), (C3), (C4)ELECTRICAL TERMINATION FOR WELDED HOUSINGS ONLY INCLUDING EXPLOSION PROOF123456784.3 FM INSTALLATION GUIDELINESINSTALLATION NOTES≥Voc OR Vt ≤30VDC Isc OR It ≤100mA Ca≥ 0.053uF + Ccable La ≥ 0.364uH + Lcable 1. T HE INTRINSIC SAFETY ENTITY CONCEPT ALLOWS THE INTERCONNECTION OF TWO INTRINSICALLY SAFE DEVICES FM APPROVED WITH ENTITYP ARAMETERS NOT SPECIFICALLY EXAMINED IN COMBINATION AS AS YSTEM WHEN: Uo OR Voc OR V≤t Vmax, Io OR Isc OR≤ It Imax, Ca OR Co ≥ Ci + Ccable, La OR ≥Lo Li +Lcable≤, Po Pi. 2. T HE NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING CONCEPT ALLOWS INTERCONNECTION OF NONINCENDING FIELD WIRING APPARATUS WITH ASSOCIATEDNONINCENDIVE FIELD APPARATUS USING ANY OF THE WIRING METHODS PERMITTED FOR NON3HAZARDOUS (UNCLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS WHEN: Uo OR Voc OR Vt Vmax, Io OR Isc OR It Imax, Ca OR Co + Ccable, La OR Lo Li +Lcable, Po Pi. 3. F OR DIVISION 1 INSTALLATIONS, THE CONFIGURATION OF ASSOCIATED A PPARATUS SHALL BE FM APPROVED UNDER ENTITY CONCEPT. 4. F OR DIVISION 2 INSTALLATIONS USING NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRINGCONCEPTS THE ASSOCIATED APPARATUS SHALL BE FM APPROVED UNDER THE ENTITY CONCEPT OR NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING CONCEPT.INSTALLATION FOR FMINTRINSICALLY SAFE CLASS 1, GROUPS A, B, C & D &CLASS ll, GROUPS E, F & G &CLASS lll5. F OR DIVISION 2 INSTALLATIONS THE ASSOCIATED APPARATUS IS NOT R EQUIRED TO BE FM APPROVED UNDER ENTITY CONCEPT OR NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING CONCEPT IF THEA2X(4-20mA) & A4 SERIES PRESSURE TRANSDUCER IS INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (ANSI/NFPA 70) FOR DIVISION 2 WIRING METHODS EXCLUDING NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING. 6. C ONTROL EQUIPMENT CONNECTED TO THE ASSOCIATED APPARATUS SHALL NOT USE OR GENERATE MORE THAN 250VRMS OR VDC. 7. D IVISION 1 INSTALLATIONS SHOULD BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ANSI/ISA RP12.06.01, ``INSTALLATION OF INTRINSICALLY SAFE SYSTEMS FORH AZARDOUS (CLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS’’ AND THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE (ANSI/NFPA 70). 8. A SSOCIATED APPARATUS MANUFACTURERS INSTALLATION DRAWING SHALL BE FOLLOWED WHEN INSTALLING THIS EQUIPMENT. 9. R UN SHIELDED INTERCONNECTION CABLE WITH SHIELD CONNECTED TO FM APPROVED ASSOCIATED APPARATUS GROUND.10.W ARNI NG – DO NOT OPEN WHEN ENERGIZED.11.W ARNI NG – DO NOT DISCONNECT EQUIPMENT UNLESS AREA IS KNOWN TO BE N ON-HAZARDOUS.4.4 CSA INSTALLATION GUIDELINESINSTALLATION NOTES:Vmax 30VDC Imax 100mA Ci = 0.053uF Li = 0.364uH 1. T HE INTRINSIC SAFETY ENTITY CONCEPT ALLOWS THE INTERCONNECTION OF TWO INTRINSICALLY SAFE DEVICES CSA CERTIFIED WITH ENTITY PARAMETERS NOT SPECIFICALLY EXAMINED IN COMBINATION AS A SYSTEM WHEN: Uo OR Voc Vmax, Io OR Isc Imax, Ca OR Co Ci + Ccable, La OR Lo Li +Lcable, Po Pi. 2. T HE NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING CONCEPT ALLOWS INTERCONNECTION OF NONINCENDING FIELD WIRING APPARATUS WITH ASSOCIATEDNONINCENDIVE FIELD APPARATUS USING ANY OF THE WIRING METHODS PERMITTED FOR NON3HAZARDOUS (UNCLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS WHEN: Uo OR Voc Vmax, Io OR Isc Imax,Ca OR Co + Ccable, La OR Lo Li +Lcable, Po Pi. 3. F OR DIVISION 1 INSTALLATIONS, THE CONFIGURATION OF ASSOCIATED APPARATUS SHALL BE CSA CERTIFIED UNDER ENTITY CONCEPT. 4. F OR DIVISION 2 INSTALLATIONS USING NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING CONCEPTS THE ASSOCIATED APPARATUS SHALL BE CSA CERTIFIEDUNDER THE ENTITY CONCEPT OR NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING CONCEPT.5. F OR DIVISION 2 INSTALLATIONS THE ASSOCIATED APPARATUS IS NOT REQUIRED TO BE CSA CERTIFIED UNDER ENTITY CONCEPT OR NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING CONCEPT IF THEA2X(4-20mA) & A4 SERIES PRESSURE TRANSDUCER IS INSTALLED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CANADIAN ELECTRICAL CODE (CEC, CAN/CSA3C22.1) FOR DIVISION 2 WIRING METHODS EXCLUDING NONINCENDIVE FIELD WIRING. 6. C ONTROL EQUIPMENT CONNECTED TO THE ASSOCIATED APPARATUS SHALL NOT USE OR GENERATE MORE THAN 250VRMS OR VDC. 7. A SSOCIATED APPARATUS MANUFACTURERS INSTALLATION DRAWING SHALL BE FOLLOWED WHEN INSTALLING THIS EQUIPMENT. 8. R UN SHIELDED INTERCONNECTION CABLE WITH SHIELD CONNECTED TO FM APPROVED ASSOCIATED APPARATUS GROUND.9.W ARNI NG – SUBSTITUTION OF COMPONENETS MAY IMPAIR INTRINSIC SAFETY 10.W ARNI NG – TO PREVENT IGNITION OF FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE ATMOSPHERES, DISCONNECT POWER BEFORE S ERVICING.INSTALLATION FOR CSAINTRINSICALLY SAFE CLASS 1, GROUPS A, B, C & D &CLASS ll, GROUPS E, F & G &CLASS llI。
ifm efector 电子压力传感器 PM-010-REA01-E-ZVG US 产品说明说明书
PM1704
Electronic pressure sensor
PM-010-REA01-E-ZVG/US
2-wire Current consumption Power-on delay time
[mA] [s]
3.5...21.5 1
3-wire Current consumption Power-on delay time
PM1704
Electronic pressure sensor
PM-010-REA01-E-ZVG/US
Interfaces
Communication interface
Transmission type
IO-Link revision
IO-Link d
-1...10 bar
-14.5...145 psi
-100...1000 kPa
-0.1...1 MPa
threaded connection G 1 external thread Aseptoflex Vario
gold-plated contacts
ceramic-capacitive pressure measuring cell
[mA] [Ω]
Measuring/setting range Measuring range Analog start point Analog end point In steps of Factory setting
Accuracy / deviations
Repeatability
[% of the span]
[mA] [s]
Inputs / outputs Number of inputs and outputs
常见十大温度传感器品牌
1、日本(OMRON)欧姆龙OMRON欧姆龙集团始创于1933年，目前拥有近87年历史。
现有员工32583人，全球营业额6272亿日元，产品品种达几十万种，涉及工业自动化控制系统、电子元器件、汽车电子、社会系统以及健康医疗设备等广泛领域。
为了适应时代的发展，在公司成立50周年纪念时，公司名称与品牌名称实现了统一，改为“欧姆龙集团(株式会社)”。
创造社会需求，构筑“安心”，“安全”，“环保”“健康”的社会，是欧姆龙集团的发展目标。
2、德国(KROHNE)科隆德国KROHNE公司一直是国际测量领域的先驱，拥有先进技术和丰富的应用经验，使其能够根据市场的要求不断创新，从而提供给全球用户可靠、便捷、先进的测量仪器。
近百年来，KROHNE所研发的一系列新产品，不仅创造出多项世界第一，而且还成为测量领域里的标竿，引导着全球测量仪器的变革和发展。
3、美国(banner)邦纳BANNER始建于1966年，目前有54周年历史。
总部位于美国的明尼苏达州，是全球顶尖的自动化技术专家和整体解决方案提供者。
公司拥有22,000多种产品，具有最为齐全的产品线，经过40多年的发展，现已成为全球最大的光电传感器、测量检测、视觉传感器和机床安全产品的专业制造商之一。
丰富完整的产品选择、迅速的交货期、强大的技术支持以及同行业中首屈一指的研发能力保证了BANNER在同行业中的领军地位。
4、德国(IFM)易福门IFM是德国的一个工控品牌。
1969年德国易福门IFM这家家族企业发明了基于薄膜技术的电感式接近传感器，经过51年的发展从此走上了成功的道路。
今天，“efector”品牌成为了位置与流体传感器、物体识别、诊断和识别系统的代名词，而“ecomat”品牌则是网络和控制系统的杰出结果公司在全球70多个国家拥有5200多名员工，主要为机械制造等行业提供研发和销售服务，用户超过约10万家。
5、瑞士(ABB)ABB是电力和自动化技术领域的全球领导厂商，ABB集团位列全球500强企业。
德国米铱电容式传感器原理介绍
电容位移传感器原理电容式位移传感器基于平板电容原理。
电容的两极分别是传感器和与之相对的被测物体。
如果有稳定交流电通过传感器，输出交流电的电压会与传感器到被测物体之间的距离成正比关系，从而可以通过测量电压的变化得到距离信息。
电容位移传感器是一种非接触电容式原理的精密测量仪器，具有一般非接触式仪器所共有的无磨擦、无损磨特点外，还具有信噪比大，灵敏度高，零漂小，频响宽，非线性小，精度稳定性好，抗电磁干扰能力强和使用操作方便等优点。
实际应用当中, 源于独特的磁屏蔽环设计，德国米铱公司的电容式传感器可以实现近乎完美的线性测量。
但是，电容传感器要求探头到被测物体之间的电介质必须均匀恒定。
测量系统对于测量范围内的电介质变化非常敏感。
德国米铱公司的电容式位移传感器也可以用于绝缘体的测量，源于这些绝缘体会改变测量间隙内的介电常数。
通过后续电路的调整，即使测量绝缘体，也可以得到几乎线性的信号输出。
源于电磁转化过程，电容传感器可以测量所有金属。
电容测量系统主要测量平板电阻的阻抗值，阻抗值与探头到被测物体之间的距离成正比。
传统电容式传感器，会从电极侧面散发磁力线。
这中磁场会导致错误的测量结果。
德国米铱公司的电容式传感器带有一个接地屏蔽环，可以有效减少侧面磁场和边界效应，从而得到更加准确的测量结果。
从接地屏蔽环发出的磁力线不会影响测量结果。
高精度测量电容式测量原理是几种精度最高的测量原理之一。
但是问题是，如此微小的测量距离会导致测量信号变化同样微小。
也就是说，在探头和被测物体之间仅有很少量的电子可以用来显示距离的变化。
这意味着，如果有很小的漏电流或寄生电流流过探头到控制器的电路，也会影响测量结果的准确性。
因此，探头到控制器之间的电缆需要特殊的双屏蔽电缆。
这种特殊的，全封闭的RF电缆保证了高信号质量。
双屏蔽电缆与接地磁屏蔽技术的使用，使高精度测量成为可能。
由于环境温度的改变，导致的被测物体导电性变化，对测量结果没有影响。
电容式测量原理使传感器甚至可以在波动的温度环境下使用。
关于气体检测仪中的各类传感器介绍
关于气体检测仪中的各类传感器介绍气体检测仪是一种用于检测空气中的各种有害气体的设备。
在不同的危险环境中，需要使用不同类型的传感器来检测不同的有害气体。
本文将介绍气体检测仪中常见的各类传感器及其特点和应用范围。
热导式传感器热导式传感器是一种测量气体热导率的传感器。
其测量原理是当气体通过传感器时，热导率较高的气体会快速带走热量，从而使传感器的温度下降。
通过检测传感器温度的变化来确定气体的热导率，从而间接地测量气体浓度。
热导式传感器通常用于检测可燃气体，如天然气和液化石油气等。
其中最常用的是甲烷气体检测。
光学式传感器光学式传感器是通过光学吸收原理测量气体浓度的传感器。
其工作原理是将光源照射在一定路径上，当气体穿过路径时，会吸收部分光线，而余下的光线将被光电探测器测量。
光学式传感器可以用于检测多种气体，如二氧化硫、氨气、一氧化碳和二氧化碳等。
电化学式传感器电化学式传感器是通过氧化还原反应测量气体浓度的传感器。
当气体进入传感器时，会与传感器中的电解质产生反应，形成电流变化，从而测量气体浓度。
电化学式传感器通常用于检测有害气体，如二氧化硫、一氧化碳、氨气等。
半导体式传感器半导体式传感器是根据气体的电学特性测量气体浓度的传感器。
其测量原理是，当气体进入传感器时，会与传感器中的半导体元件相互作用，引发电子流动，从而改变传感器电阻的值。
半导体式传感器通常用于检测可燃气体，如甲烷和乙烷等。
红外式传感器红外式传感器是一种基于红外吸收原理测量气体浓度的传感器。
其工作原理是将红外辐射照射在气体中，当气体分子吸收红外线时，会产生光谱吸收峰，从而测量气体浓度。
红外式传感器通常用于检测二氧化碳、甲醛和有机气体等。
总结以上介绍了气体检测仪中常见的各类传感器及其应用范围。
在不同的危险环境中，需要根据具体情况选择合适的传感器进行检测，以确保人们的安全和健康。
仿生气体传感器 灵敏度 指标
仿生气体传感器灵敏度指标
仿生气体传感器的灵敏度指标是指其对特定气体的检测能力，也称为探测器的响应能力。
通常以灵敏度因子（Sensitivity Factor）来表示，单位为mV/ppm（毫伏/每百万分之一）。
灵敏度因子表示当气体浓度增加1ppm时，传感器输出信号的增加量。
灵敏度越高，传感器对目标气体的检测能力越强。
除了灵敏度因子，传感器的灵敏度还可以通过其他指标来描述，包括：
1. 最小检测浓度（Minimum Detection Concentration，MDC）：传感器能够可靠检测到的最低气体浓度。
一般情况下，MDC取决于传感器的信噪比，灵敏度和工作条件等因素。
2. 动态范围（Dynamic Range）：传感器对气体浓度变化的响应范围。
动态范围取决于传感器的灵敏度和最大检测浓度。
3. 响应时间（Response Time）：传感器从检测到气体存在到输出信号达到稳定的时间。
响应时间可以影响传感器的实时检测性能。
4. 选择性（Selectivity）：传感器对多种气体的响应差异。
选择性高的传感器对目标气体具有较高的灵敏度，但对其他干扰气体的响应较小。
5. 零点漂移（Zero Drift）：传感器在零气体（无目标气体存在）条件下输出信
号的变化。
较小的零点漂移对于长期稳定性和准确性非常重要。
综合考虑灵敏度因子以及其他指标，可以评估仿生气体传感器的性能和适用范围。
不同气体传感器的灵敏度指标可能有所区别，因此在选择和应用传感器时需要综合考虑实际需求和应用场景。
TD系列温度传感器说明书
TD Series Temperature Transmitter with Local DisplayT em p e r a One-piece sanitary construction • 2-wire electronics • High accuracyTemperature transmitter for sanitary applicationsSimple to install 2-wire analog signalHigh accuracy at critical High performance temperature transmitter at a great price.2.7”(69.4 mm)2”(50 mm)Designed and tested to withstand the harshest sanitary environmentsState-of-the-artlaser welded construction creates a hermetically sealed one-piece device.Full 316L stainless steel construction eliminates corrosion that compro-mises instrument integrity.Highly engineered tip design ensures fast response time with constant and repeatable measurement from -58 to 302 °F (-50 to 150 °C). The TD minimizes thermal mass and locates the RTD element precisely with constant force and position.High performancepolymer display window is resistant to hightemperatures and aggres-sive cleaners. The proven window sealing design eliminates issues with fluid ingress.is factory calibrated and tested during assembly which guarantees out-of-the-box performance.2-wire loop power operation for easy installation in typical transmitter applications.Technical specsOperating voltage 18…32 V DC Analog output4…20 mA Current consumption< 50 mA Resolution of analog output 0.1 KAccuracy of analog output ± 0.3 + (± 0.1% MS) K*Pressure rating-1…150 barAmbient temperature-13…176 °F (-25…80 °C)Maximum measuring range -58…302 °F (-50…150 °C)Programmable IO-LinkHousing 316L, fully welded LED display 4-digit red ProtectionIP 69KDynamic response1/3 sec. (according to DIN EN 60751)* MS = set measuring spanProduct selection guideApplications that requiredifferent ranges can be scaled with the programming tool IO-Link. IO-Link unlocks the intelligence of sensors to provide users with a large amount of information such as diagnostic messaging and parameter data.About IO-LinkIO–link is a manufacturer-independent point-to-point connection technology for sensors and actuators in factory automation. It can be used to automatically para-meterize sensors, diagnose plant conditions and transmit measured values.An international consortium developed IO-LinkIO-Link originated from a group of leading sensor and actuator manufacturers whodeveloped a protocol to help bring intelligent sensor data back to the control system. The main goal of the consortium was to enable users to extract sensor intelligence without adding cost.ifm is making the commitment to IO-Link by producing more IO-Link-enabled sensors such as the TD transmitter for this new sensor communication interface.Sensor TypeRTD Length [mm]Process Connector Part No.Temperaturerange(scaled 4…20 mA)CordsetsM12 Micro DC Part No.Type300…100 °C 500…100 °C 1000…100 °C 1500…100 °C 300…300 °F 500…300 °F 1000…300 °F 1500…300 °F 1.5” tri-clamp 1.5” tri-clamp 1.5” tri-clamp 1.5” tri-clamp 1.5” tri-clamp 1.5” tri-clamp 1.5” tri-clamp 1.5” tri-clamp 300…100 °C 500…100 °C 1000…100 °C 1500…100 °C 300…300 °F 500…300 °F 1000…300 °F 1500…300 °F2” tri-clamp 2” tri-clamp 2” tri-clamp 2” tri-clamp TD2807TD2817TD2837TD2847TD2803TD2813TD2833TD2843TD2907TD2917TD2937TD2947TD2903TD2913TD2933TD29432” tri-clamp 2” tri-clamp 2” tri-clamp 2” tri-clampOptional Accessories –Programming/ConfigurationTypeDescriptionPart No.ifm’s new TD transmitter is a more reliable alternative to traditional sensorsHigh accuracy (Class A)Pt1000 RTDEliminates the need to match the RTD and transmitter on the factory floor Transmitter with 4-digit display One-piece, 316stainless steel housing IP69K washdown ratedwith 3A authorizationChallengeTraditional sensors with connection head and well assemblies are prone to damage from moisture ingress. They require costlyc alibration and matching of the transm itter with the RTD probe.The assemblies do not havedisplays for local indication.SolutionThe Pt1000 sensor element, evaluation electronics and LED display are calibrated to operate as a system solution for your process monitoring. The one-piece device eliminates wiringissues and moisture ingress.1.5” Tri-clamp TD28 Series 0…100 °C 0…300 °F Process connection The TD temperature transmitter product line is available in one-piece housings with RTD lengths of 30, 50, 100 and 150mm and industry standard process connectors.Transmitter type Pre-scaled Temperature range**All units can be rescaled between -58…302 °F (-50…150 °C) using IO-Link.2” Tri-clampTD29 Series0…100 °C 0…300 °FTo get a “First Look” of the TDTransmitter, visit /us/tdDelivered completely assembled,calibrated and ready to install for “Plug and Play” operationL i t . N o .: U 6。
泄露传感器的hs编码
泄露传感器的hs编码一、传感器的hs编码是什么？传感器的hs编码是指对于特定类型的传感器，根据《中国进出口税则》所设定的海关编码，用于描述该传感器的技术参数、功能特点和用途的一种编号系统。
HS编码是国际通用的商品编码系统，对于海关的监管以及国际贸易中的关税征收和统计工作都具有重要意义。
二、泄露传感器的意义和应用领域泄露传感器是一种用于检测和监测泄漏现象的传感器，其主要作用是及时发现和报警有害物质的泄露，防止事故的发生以及减少对环境和人身安全的影响。
泄露传感器具有广泛的应用领域，包括但不限于以下几个方面：2.1 工业领域工业领域中存在大量的危险物质和化学品，这些物质如果泄露将会对工人的身体健康和环境造成严重威胁。
泄露传感器的应用可以有效监测和控制这些危险物质的泄漏，提前采取措施防止事故的发生。
2.2 化工行业化工行业是泄露传感器应用的重要领域之一。
这些行业涉及到大量的危险化学品和高压气体，一旦发生泄露可能会引发爆炸、火灾等严重事故。
通过使用泄露传感器，可以实时监测这些危险物质的泄漏情况，并及时采取措施避免事故的发生。
2.3 医疗行业在医疗行业中，一些高度感染性的物质或病原体可能会泄漏，对医护人员和患者的健康构成威胁。
泄露传感器可以提供及时的监测和报警，以保护医护人员和患者的安全。
2.4 环保领域环境保护是全球面临的重要挑战之一，泄露传感器在环保领域的应用也具有重要意义。
通过监测空气、水源等环境中有害物质的泄漏情况，可以保护环境的质量，减少对生态系统和人类健康的影响。
三、泄露传感器的技术特点和分类泄露传感器的技术特点主要体现在其检测方式、灵敏度、响应时间等方面，同时也可以根据其应用领域的不同进行分类。
以下是泄露传感器的一些常见技术特点和分类：3.1 检测方式泄露传感器的检测方式可以分为接触式和非接触式两种。
接触式传感器需要直接与泄露的物质接触，通过物质的性质变化进行检测。
非接触式传感器则无需接触泄露物质，通过气体或光学等信号进行检测。