ATC_Materials_List
材料工程专业英语
材料工程专业英语材料material; stock; stuff材料安排arrangement of materials材料百分比法materials percentage method材料搬运分析materials handling analysis材料搬运设备materials handlinng equipment材料编码material class number材料变换率material change rate材料标准materials standard; specification for materials材料标准成本materials standard costs材料标准化materials standardization材料表bill of materials; material list; schedule of materials; stock list 材料不均匀性discontinuity of materials材料采购策略materials purchase strategy材料参数material parameter材料差额记录balance of stores record材料差异materials variances材料产量差异material yield variance材料场yard of material材料车material car材料成本cost of material; material cost材料成本法materials cost method材料成本预算materials cost budget材料成分分析表material composition sheet; mill sheet材料成分化验material composition test材料储备material stock材料储备量batch pile材料储量material storage材料处理反应堆material processing reactor材料单material bill材料弹性极限elastic limit of material材料的不均匀性discontinuity of material材料的储备定量normal fixed quantity of materials stock材料的弹性极限elastic limit of materials材料的堆筑与整平casting and blading of materials材料的耗费inventory charge材料的化学分析material composition test材料的经济储备定量normal standard quantity of material stock材料的可靠性reliability of material材料低估整理material under-valuation adjusted材料调拨material transfer材料调查material survey; material investigation材料调剂material adjustment材料调整stores adjustment材料堆bing材料堆放placing of material材料防水material waterproofing材料非线性material nonlinearity材料废料日报表daily materials and spoilage report材料费material cost; materials expenses材料费上涨系数escalating coefficient of material price 材料分类materials classification材料分类帐stores ledger材料分配materials allocation材料分配单distribution sheet of stores材料分析material analysis材料分析资料material analysis data材料辐射探伤radiomateriology材料复验retest of materials材料高估整理material over-valuation adjusted材料工程力学engineering mechanics of material材料工程手册materials engineering manual材料工业material industry材料工艺学materials technology材料供应处material supply department材料管理material management材料规范书material specifications材料规格specification for materials材料规格手册materials specification manual材料含量监控器on-line analyzer材料函数material function材料耗损汇总表summary of scrap and spoiled materials 材料耗用material consumption材料耗用标准materials usage standards材料耗用差异materials usage variance材料耗用汇总表materials used summary sheet材料耗用价格差异materials usage price variance材料号material number材料核算material accounting材料核算余额法balance method of stores accounting材料和工作日的日程安排materials and work schedule 材料和能源供应源materials and energy pool材料合格证materials certificate材料滑槽material chute材料化学materials chemistry材料化学分析material chemical analysis材料回收率material yield rate材料会计store ledger clerk材料汇总帐materials summary材料击穿material breakdown材料基金stock fund; stores fund材料机械性能mechanical performance of material材料集体制度marshalling system材料及投入物成本cost of materials and inputs材料计划成本差异planned cost variance of materials; variance from planned cost of materials 材料计划联络人coordinator of materials planning材料计划制度materials planning system材料记号material mark材料记录余额balance of stores records材料加工material processing材料价格标准material price standard材料价格表material price list材料价格差异materials price variance材料价格差异分析analysis of material price variance材料价格差异率materials price variance ratio材料检验examination of material材料检验学materiology材料检验员inspector of material材料鉴别material identification材料交换stores swap材料结构差异material mix variance材料进出闸material lock材料经济学economics of materials; material economy材料具领单materials reradiate材料卡片material cards; material subsidiary ledger; stock card材料科material supply section材料科学materials science材料可混用性material compatibility材料可靠性reliability of material材料控制material control材料控制卡materials control card材料控制帐户materials control account材料库material storage材料老化试验室material aging laboratory材料类别号码material class number材料类型material type材料利用率material utilization; ratio to material used; stock utilization材料力学material mechanics; mechanics of material; resistance of materials; strength of materials材料力学理论theory of mechanics of materials; theory of strength of materials材料连续结存单perpetual inventory sheet材料流程单track sheet材料率materials rate材料明细表material list材料磨损过程progress of material wear材料牌号material trademark材料盘点单stores inventory sheet材料批号material charge number材料疲劳fatigue of materials材料疲劳试验fatigue test of materials材料品种description of materials材料平衡表material balance sheet材料强度materials strength材料强度科学science of strength for materials材料强度实验室laboratory of materials strength材料强度学strength of materials材料切除率material-removal rate材料清单material bill材料缺陷fault in material; material defect材料韧性toughness of material材料散射material scattering材料色散material dispersion材料色散波长material dispersion wavelength材料色散参数material dispersion parameter材料色散系数material dispersion coefficient材料烧蚀material ablation材料试验material testing; testing of materials材料试验反应堆materials testing reactor材料试验方法method of testing materials材料试验机machine for material testing; material testing machine材料试验室material testing laboratory材料数量标准material quantity standard材料数量差异分析analysis of materials quantity variance材料数量分析material quantity analysis材料数值孔径material numerical aperture材料碎片material fragment材料损害damage of materials; material breakage; material damage; material wastage; spillage of material材料损耗spillage of material; material breakage材料损耗汇总表summary of scrap and spoiled materials材料损耗率material wastage rate材料损失率materials loss rate材料特性material characteristics材料特性表达material characterization材料物理学materials physics; physics of materials材料吸收material absorption材料相容性material compatibility材料消费价格差异materials usage price variance材料消耗material consumption; material wastage材料消耗成本cost of raw materials used材料消耗定额material consumption rate; materials consumption quota; materials consumption norm; norm for materials consumed材料消耗量consumption of materials; material spending amount材料消耗率materials consumption rate材料消耗综合定额comprehensive materials consumption quota材料效率差异material efficiency variance 材料型流程程序图materials type flow process chart材料修订material revision材料需要量material requirement材料许可损耗率wastage allowance材料选择stock option材料学material science材料验收acceptance of materials材料验收报告material examination and acceptance report材料样品material sample材料要求material requirements材料因素material factor材料用量比率material usage ratio材料有关成本material related costs材料余额簿excess materials ledger; stores balance book材料与制品鉴定certification of materials and products材料预算material budget材料预算价格material price for estimation材料预算控制法materials budget control method材料原因material cause材料源material source材料支架stock support材料指标material index材料制备material preparation材料中缺陷的认可approval of defects in material材料周转率materials turnover材料装卸设备material handling equipment材料总登记簿master stock book材料阻尼material damping材料组合combination of materials材料作价evaluating materials建筑build; architecture; construct; architectural; architectural & industrial ceramics建筑安装工程量construction work quantity建筑板材building board建筑材料表list of building materials建筑材料检验building material testing建筑材料行building material dealer建筑材料运输列车construction train建筑草图architectural sketch建筑朝向building orientation建筑成本预算construction cost estimate建筑承包商building contractor建筑尺度architectural scale建筑处理architectural treatment建筑创作architectural creation建筑大五金architectural metalwork建筑大样architectural detail建筑单元building unit建筑费construction cost建筑风格architectural style建筑辅助系统building subsystem建筑钢construction(al) steel建筑钢板building sheet建筑高度building height; height of building建筑高度分区building height zoning; height zoning建筑工程升降机builder's lift建筑工地选择siting建筑工羊角锤头builder's claw hammer head建筑工业building industry; construction industry建筑工种building trades建筑构思architectural conception建筑构图compostion on architecture; architectural composition建筑构造building construction建筑估价building cost estimate建筑管理architectural control建筑规程building regulations建筑规范building code建筑机械construction machinery; building machinery建筑及维护规则recommendation建筑结构building structure建筑结构分析语言structural engineering system solver (STRESS) 建筑立面elevation of building; building elevation建筑沥青bitumen for building; building asphalt No. 10建筑力学architectural mechanics建筑铝型材生产线architectural aluminium profile production line 建筑毛面积gross floor area建筑毛造价gross building cost建筑面积area of structure; covered area建筑面积比floor-area ratio (F.A.R.)建筑面积指标floor-space index (F.S.I.)建筑模数building module建筑配景entourage of building建筑平面architectural plane; building plane建筑起重机building crane; construction-site crane 建筑砌块building block建筑气候分区climate region of building建筑青铜architectural bronze建筑青铜合金architectural bronze建筑声学architectural acoustics建筑石paring stone建筑石料building stone建筑时期观念construction period concept建筑史architectural history; history of architecture 建筑收进线building setback line建筑陶板architectural terra-cotta (ATC)建筑陶瓷architectural pottery建筑特色architectural feature建筑体积architectural volume; cubage建筑体积计算cubing建筑体系building system建筑体形building size建筑透视architectural perspective建筑外壳building shell建筑外形architectural appearance建筑物building; structure建筑物保险building insurance建筑物朝向direction of building建筑物基础building foundation建筑物间距distance between buildings建筑物理architectural physics; building physics 建筑物缺隐building deficiency建筑物入口building entrance建筑物租约building lease建筑现场construction建筑限制building restriction建筑限制线building restiction line建筑效果architectural effect建筑型钢轧机机座structural stand建筑型式type of construction; architectural form 建筑遗产architectural heritage建筑艺术architectural art建筑艺术处理artistic treatment in architecture; architectural treatment建筑艺术形式artistic form of architecture建筑用地building lot; building site; lot建筑用地规划plot planning; block planning建筑用钢铁constructional iron建筑用黄铜architectural brass建筑用木材building timber建筑用提升机service-building elevator建筑原理architectonics; architectural principle建筑造型艺术art of architectural modelling建筑占地系数coefficient of land used for buildings建筑障碍architectural barriers建筑照明architectural lighting建筑折旧准备buildings depreciation reserve建筑哲理architectural philosophy建筑柱式architectural orders; orders of architecture建筑装饰architectural decoration; architectural ornament建筑装饰彩釉砂涂料colour-glazed sand paint for building decoration建筑装饰学architectural decoration建筑装修五金architectural metalwork建筑自动化building automation建筑自重structural weight per square meter建筑渲染architectural rendering; rendu施工construct; execution; construction; execution of works施工安装图construction and erection drawing施工安装用的机械及工具machines and tools for construction and erection 施工标桩construction stake施工布置图construction plan施工步骤construction procedure; construction steps施工测量construction survey施工程序construction program; execution programme for works施工程序网络图project network施工贷款construction loan施工单位construction organization; builder施工道路construction road施工地点job location施工吊车construction hoist施工定额construction norm施工队construction team施工方法job practice施工方式form of construction work施工费用construction cost施工缝construction joint施工工程construction work施工工程师construction engineer; operating engineer施工工程学construction engineering施工工期construction period施工工种construction trade施工规模scope of construction item; size of construction施工荷载construction loads; working load施工合同construction contract施工机械construction machinery施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant施工机械化mechanization of building operation; mechanization of construction施工机械化系数coefficient of construction mechanization施工技术财务计划financial plan for construction technology施工计划construction plan; construction program(me)施工监督supervision of construction; supervision; monitoring施工检查inspection of construction施工检查员construction inspector施工阶段construction stage; construction phase施工进度construction progress施工进度表schedule of construction; schedule of operations; work-schedule施工进度计划detailed construction schedule; construction schedule施工经济学construction economics施工经理construction manager施工经验construction experience施工卷扬机builder's hoist; builder's winch施工临时螺栓construction bolt施工流水作业法construction streamline method施工面积floor space under construction施工平面图construction plan施工期construction period施工起重机construction hoist施工企业construction enterprises施工前阶段preconstruction stage施工区construction area施工缺陷constructional deficiency施工人员constructor; builder施工设备plant for construction; construction equipment施工设计detail design; detailed engineering施工水平仪builder's level施工说明general description of construction施工说明书construction specifications施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计阶段construction documents design phase; construction documents phase 施工图预算working drawing estimate施工文件construction documents (包括施工图及说明)施工误差construction error施工现场fabricating yard; job location施工详图detail of construction; construction detail; working drawing施工项目project under construction; construction item施工项目编号construction item reference number施工效率efficiency of construction施工性能workability施工许可证builder's licence施工验收技术规范technical code for work and acceptance施工依据manufacture bases施工营业执照builder's licence施工预算construction estimate施工执照building permit施工准备preliminary work for construction; preparations for construction 施工准备计划preparatory plan施工总平面图overall construction site plan施工总则general conditions of construction施工组织设计construction management plan施工作业计划work element construction program项目subject of entry; item项目报告project paper项目编制阶段project preparation phase项目标记project mark项目财务估价project financial evaluation项目采购project purchasing项目成本project cost; item cost项目筹备融通资金project preparation facility (PPF)项目贷款project finance; project-financing loan; project loan项目单menu项目的拟订project formulation项目的所有者owner of the project项目的总投标价值total tender value of project项目发展周期project development cycle项目范围scope of project项目方案project alternatives项目分隔符item separation symbol项目分类classification of items项目分配allocation of items项目分析item analysis项目工程师project engineer项目工程师负责制project engineer system项目管理project management项目管理人project manager项目号item number项目核对法check list (市场调查技术之一)项目核准权projects approval authority项目后评价post project evaluation项目后评价和后继行动post project evaluation and followup项目划分segregation of items项目化组织projectized organization项目环境生态评价environmental appraisal of a project项目货款额度project line项目技术评价project technology evaluation项目计划project plan项目计划设计图project planning chart项目记录item record项目加权item weighting项目检验回归曲线item-test regression curve项目建设费用cost of project implementation项目建设进度表project implementation scheduling项目建议书proposals for the projects项目经济估价project economic evaluation; economic evaluation of a project 项目经理project manager项目矩阵组织project matrix organization项目控制project control项目块entry block项目历史history of project项目目标管理project management by objectives项目拟订project formulation项目匹配法matching item项目评估project appraisal; project evaluation项目评估法Project Evaluation and Review Technique项目企业经济评价enterprise's economic appraisal of a project项目删除deletion of items项目上端item top项目社会评价project's social value appraisal项目设备project equipment项目设计item design项目设计工程师负责制project engineer responsibility system项目生产project production项目说明item description项目说明书specification of an item项目投资时期investment phase of a project项目图与布置图project charts and layouts项目网络法project network technique项目网络分析project network analysis项目文件item file项目小组project group; project team organiztion项目行item line项目修理通知单item repairing order项目选择project selection项目训练法project training项目研究编目item study listing项目研究小组project team项目一次采购法project purchasing项目一览表itemized schedule项目预算program budget; project budget项目预算编制program budgeting项目政治评价political appraisal of a project项目支助业务project supporting services项目执行project implementation项目执行情况审计报告project performance audity report (PPAR) 项目指标project indicators项目转移item advance项目资金筹措project financing质量grade; mass; quality; qualitative properties; mass (物理用语) 质量百分比mass percent质量半径关系mass-radius relation质量保持率quality retention质量保证quality assurance质量保证技术出版物quality assurance technical publications质量保证计划quality control system质量保证控制程序quality assurance operating procedure质量保证手册quality control (assurrance) manual质量保证体系quality assurance (control) system质量保证验收标准quality assurance acceptance standard质量保证制度quality certification system质量比mass ratio质量比电阻mass specific resistance质量变坏debase质量标度mass scale质量标志quality mark质量标准quality level; quality specification; quality standard质量不灭定律law of conservation of mass质量不平衡mass unbalance质量不足mass deficiency质量参数mass parameter; quality parameters质量测定mass measurement; quality determination质量测定系统quality measurement system质量测量mass measurement质量层化mass loss segregation质量差价quality price differentials质量差异mass discrepancy质量产额mass yield质量产额分布mass-yield distribution质量产额曲线mass yield curve质量成本quality cost质量传递mass transmission; mass transport; mass transfer质量传递机理mass transport mechanism质量传递系数coefficient of mass transfer质量单位unit of mass; mass units质量弹簧缓冲器组合mass-spring dashpot combination; mass-spring-dashpot combination 质量弹簧系统mass-spring system质量弹簧阻尼器体系mass-spring-dashpot system质量弹性特性mass-elastic characteristics质量当量mass equivalent质量倒数reciprocal mass质量的米制技术单位metric-technical unit of mass (TME)质量的相对论性变化relativistic change in mass质量的相对论性增加relativistic increase of mass质量等级quality grade质量等级因素grade factors质量低劣bum; inferiority of quality; inferior quality质量低劣的bum质量第一quality first质量电感模拟mass-inductance analogy质量电阻率mass resistivity质量定律mass law质量发光度半径关系mass-luminosity-radius relation质量反应性系数mass coefficient of reactivity质量范围mass range质量方程mass equation质量分辨本领mass resolution质量分布mass distribution质量分布函数mass function质量分光计mass spectrometer质量分类试验attribute testing质量分离mass separation质量分离器mass separator; mass-separator质量分散mass dispersion质量分析mass analysis; quality analysis质量分析离子动能度谱术mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry质量分析器mass analyzer质量分析仪mass-synchrometer质量丰度mass abundance质量峰mass peak质量辐合mass convergence质量辐散mass divergence质量辐射阻止本领mass radiative stopping power质量幅度quality latitude质量负载mass loading质量改善剂modifying agent; quality booster质量工程quality engineering质量公式mass formula质量管理quality control; quality management质量管理检验quality control check质量管理系统quality control system质量管理制度quality control system质量惯性矩mass mement of inertia质量规格quality requirement; quality standard; specification of quality 质量过大恒星overmassive star质量过滤器mass filter质量过剩mass excess质量函数mass function; quality function质量和可靠性目标quality and reliability objective质量合格标准acceptable quality level质量合格证certification of fitness质量厚度mass thickness质量换算因子mass conversion factor质量集中分析qualitative investigation质量级quality-class质量计量学qualimetry质量监测台monitoring desk质量监督quality monitoring质量监视控制台quality monitor console质量检测器mass detector质量检查quality inspection质量检查科quality control division (QCD)质量检查证明书quality inspection certificate质量检定quality arbitration质量检验quality control surveillance; quality test; quality inspection 质量检验标准quality control standards (QCS)质量检验器quality checker质量减损mass decrement质量鉴定试验qualification test (QT)质量鉴定试验程序qualification test procedure质量鉴定试验规范qualification test specification质量交换速度mass-transfer rate质量交换系数mass transfer coefficient质量矩moment of mass质量矩阵mass matrix质量抗mass reactance质量壳mass shell质量可靠性保证quality reliability assurance质量控制mass control; quality monitoring; quality control 质量控制标准quality control specification质量控制传感器quality control pick-up质量控制等级quality control level质量控制电动扬声器mass-controlled dynamic loudspeaker 质量控制计划quality control planning质量控制检查quality control checking质量控制可靠性quality control reliability质量控制手册quality control manual质量控制数据quality control data质量控制体系quality control system质量控制图quality control chart质量控制系统quality control system质量控制振荡器mass-controlled oscillator质量亏损mass loss; mass defect质量扩散mass diffusion质量扩散率mass diffusivity质量累积检测器mass integral detector质量灵敏值mass sensitive quantity; mass-sensitive quantity 质量瘤mascon质量流动mass flow质量流动连续条件condition of mass flow continuity质量流动速度mass velocity质量流动学说mass flow theory质量流过速率mass rate of flow质量流控制mass flow control质量流量flow mass; mass flow; mass flow rate质量流量比mass flow ratio质量流量常数mass flow constant质量流量方程mass flow equation质量流量计mass flowmeter质量流量控制器mass flow controller质量流量率mass rate of flow质量流量敏感性检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector 质量流量扰动mass-flowrate perturbation质量流量系数mass flow coefficient质量流量压差关系mass flow pressure-difference relation 质量流率mass flowrate质量密度mass density; specific mass质量密集mascon质量面mass surface质量面积比mass area ratio质量敏感分离器mass sensitive deflector质量能量传递系数mass energy transfer coefficient质量能量换算系数mass energy conversion coefficient质量浓度mass concentration质量判据quality criteria质量抛射mass ejection质量碰撞阻止本领mass collission stopping power质量偏差mass deviation质量平衡mass balance质量平均值mass average value质量评定grade estimation; qualitative assessment; quality evaluation; qualification; merit rating质量迁移率mass-transfer rate质量趋势quality trends质量曲线figure-of-merit curve; mass curve; mass diagram质量全息术mass holograghy质量缺陷mass defect质量燃烧速率mass burning rate质量散度mass divergence质量散射系数mass scattering coefficient质量色谱法mass chromatography质量色谱分析mass chromatographic analysis质量实质quality entity质量试验quality test质量试验规范quality test schedule质量试验器quality tester质量守恒mass conservation; conservation of mass质量守恒定律law of conservation of mass质量守恒定律方程equation of mass conservation质量守恒方程mass conservation equation质量守恒原理principle of mass conservation质量输运mass transport质量数mass number; unclear number; nucleon number质量数标度mass scale质量数测定mass assignment质量数指示器mass marker质量衰减mass attenuation质量衰减系数mass attenuation coefficient质量双线mass doublet质量说明书quality specification质量速度mass velocity质量速度比mass-velocity ratio质量算符mass operator质量碎片法mass fragmentography (MF)质量碎片谱法mass fragmentography质量损失mass loss质量损失率mass loss rate质量特性quality characteristic; quality coefficient质量通量mass flux质量统计检验statistical quality control质量温度关系mass-temperature relation质量稳定性评价标准quality retention rating质量吸收mass absorption质量吸收系数mass absorption coefficient质量吸收效应mass-absorption effect质量系数mass coefficient; mass factor; quality factor质量限额mass limit质量响应mass-basis response质量项mass term质量小恒星undermassive star质量效果mass effect质量效应mass effect质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector质量性状qualitative character; quality character质量循环速度mass circulation velocity质量压力mass pressure质量要求prescription; quality requirements质量遗传qualitative genetics; qualitative inheritance质量移动姿态控制系统mass-motion attitude control system; mass-shifting attitude control system质量因数factor of quality质量因数计Q-meter质量因素quality factor质量因素比quality factor ratio质量因子factor of merit质量引力mass attraction质量引力垂线mass attraction vertical质量优良的小客车quality car质量再循环率mass recirculation质量增加mass addition质量甄别mass discrimination质量诊断quality diagnostics质量证明certificate of quality质量指标qualitative index; quality index; quality indicator; quality target质量指南quality guideline质量指示器mass indicator; mass marker质量指数quality index number质量中位直径mass median diameter质量中心centre of mass; mass center; mass centroid; centroid; center of mass质量中心轴线centroidal axis质量重整化mass renormalization质量转移mass transfer质量转移反应mass-transfer reaction质量转移理论mass transfer theory质量阻止本领mass stopping power质量组分mass component质量作用mass action质量作用定律mass action law; law of mass action质量作用效应mass action effect质量作用原理mass action principle现场field engineering; job site; site; scene (FE)现场安装field mounted (FM)现场安装工作on-site installation work现场安装和维修条件installation and maintenance conditions at field现场安装螺栓field bolting; field bolt现场安装容器field assembly of vessels现场操作规范field-work standards现场抽查spot checking现场淬火field quenching现场存货field warehousing现场的local现场电视监测生产法television-monitored production现场调查field investigation; field survey; spot investigation; field method; spot survey; (spot) field investigation现场调查设计field survey design现场调查员field worker现场调度spot dispatch现场发泡foam-in-place现场仿真field simulation现场访问facility visit现场工作field work现场管理field management; worksite management现场灌注球基桩franki pile现场焊接field weld; site weld; site welding; field welding现场核查on-site verification现场核数员field auditor现场计数field enumeration现场计算field calculation现场记录record on spot现场加工field processing现场检查on-site inspection; on-spot check; spot checking现场检验field inspection; on-site inspection; floor inspection; spot inspection现场交货delivery on the spot; ex works现场交货价格ex point of origin现场交通site traffic现场浇铸cast-in-place现场浇筑cast in situs现场接线field connection现场经纪floor broker; pit broker现场决标award at tender opening现场勘测site survey现场勘察on-the-spot investigation现场可变只读存储器field alterable ROM现场可更换部件field-replaceable unit现场客floor trader现场控制台field control station现场联结field connection现场录音live recording现场铆钉对接接头site riveted butt joint现场铆接field rivet(t)ing; site rivet(ing)现场配料field mix现场平衡法field balancing technique现场清洗in-place cleaning现场人员训练field personnel training现场摄像机field camera; live camera现场设备field apparatus现场生产性能测定on-farm performance现场实习workshop practice现场实验field experiment现场使用field service; field usage现场使用可靠性on-the-job dependability现场试验field experiment; field test; field investigation; field trial; site test; site trial; on-the-spot experiment现场试验程序field test procedures现场手册field manual现场数据field data现场栓接field bolted现场踏勘reconnaissance trip现场统计field statistics现场维修field maintenance; on-site repair现场修理current repair; spot repair现场研究field study现场以外的训练vestibule training现场用压缩机field service compressor现场制造field manufacturing现场制作field fabrication; fabrication on site现场装配field connection现场组装field assembly现场总线fieldbus现场可替换单元LRU [现场的on-site [现场冷却spot cooling [现场冷却；局部冷却spot cooling进度progress; tempo进度安排scheduling进度报表progress report; progress sheet进度报告制度progress reporting system进度工作日程progress schedule进度估计progress estimate进度管理progress control; schedule control进度计划scheduled plan进度计划安排scheduling进度计划表schedule diagram进度计划明细表detailed schedule进度计划总表master schedule进度检查follow-up进度控制schedule control; progress control进度时间表process schedule进度图progress chart; progress map进度维护scheduled maintenance进度照片photographs of progress合同agreement; stipulation; charter; contract合同更改的请求contract change request合同更改建议contract change proposal合同更改通知书contract change notification合同工jobbing work合同工厂contract plant合同管理范围contract management region合同规定contractual specifications合同号contract number合同技术要求contract technical requirements (CTR) 合同签定日期contract award date合同饲养contract feeding合同谈判contract negotiation合同条款terms of the contract。
Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 认证准备指南说明书
Autodesk ® Certification Exam Guide Autodesk ®Revit ®ArchitecturePreparation Guide for Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 Certified Associate and Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 Certified Professional Certification Exams.This guide is intended as a resource in your preparation for the exams to become Autodesk certified. It will help you understand the structure and content of the exam, and to develop a personal strategy to successfully pass the Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 Certified Associate and Certified Professional exams, and includes information on re-certifi c ation from Autodesk Revit Architecture 2009 Certified User.About Autodesk Professional Certification Autodesk certifications are industry-recognized credentials that can help you succeed in your design career – providing benefits to both you and your employer. Autodesk certifications are a reliable validation of skills and knowledge, and can lead to accelerated professional development, improved productivity, and enhanced credibility.Getting CertifiedTo earn Autodesk Certification, you must pass the required Autodesk Certification exams. Step through each of these areas to help ensure your success:• C hoose the Certification that’s right for you: Choose the level and the Autodesk application that best applies to you. Understand the requirements for the Certification you want to earn.• A ssess your readiness and take a practice test: Take an assessment test to assess your knowledge of the product. And then take a practice test for the Professional-level exam to gain experience using the testing system.• G et the training you need: Autodesk Official Training Guides, or take classes at an Autodesk Authorized Training Center (ATC ®).• A pply your training and practice your skills: Practice what you’ve learned to gain experience.• T ake the required exam: Register for your exam at an Autodesk Authorized Certification Center.Autodesk certification exams are delivered at Autodesk Authorized Certification Centers. All exams are computer-delivered in a proctored environment. You can find the locations of Autodesk Certification Centers near you using the Center Search function on Authorized Certification CenterAutodesk Revit Architecture 2010Certified Associate Exam Summary Information The Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 Certified Associate exam is an on-line examination consisting of 30 questions that assess your know l edge of the tools, features, and common tasks in Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010.Question types include multiple choice, matching, and point and click (hotspot).The exam has a one hour time limit (in some countries the time limit may be extended). At the conclusion of the exam, you will receive a comprehensive score report which includes summary information on the questions you missed and where you can find information on that area in the corresponding Autodesk Official Training Guide.Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 Certified Professional Exam Summary InformationThe Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 Professional Certification exam is a performance based test. Performance based testing is defined as testing by doing. That means that rather than answer questions about how you might accomplish a task, you actually perform the task.The Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010 Certified Professional exam is comprised of 20 questions. Each question requires you to use the Autodesk application to create or modify a data file, and then to type your answer into an input box on the screen. The answer you enter will either be a text entry or a numeric value. The exam has a 90 minute time limit (in some countries the time limit may be extended).To earn the credential of Autodesk Revit Architecture Certified Professional, you must also pass the Autodesk Revit Architecture Certified Associate exam. You can pass the exams in any order.Autodesk ®Certification Exam Summary InformationExample of Certified Professional Test Item Open the drawing file Copy-Dining-Chair.dwg. 1. U sing the insertion point of Dining Chairs “A and “B”, copy the Dining Chairs, 712.8 units along the edge of the Dining Table as shown. Using the Distance command, what is the distance (to the nearest integer) from the corner of Dining Chair labeled “D” to the corner of Dining Chair labeled “E” as shown?The answer is: 1081Exam Preparation – Your Key to Success Autodesk highly recommends using a variety of resources to prepare for certification exams. In all cases, you should start with the exam objectives to determine which tasks will be covered on the exams. Equally as important, actual hands-on experience is required. From there, we recommend that you choose the preparation option that best fits your needs. Details on Autodesk recommended preparation solutions are available in this guide. During preparation, it is important that you review the exam objectives periodically to make sure that all of the material in the exam is covered in your choice of preparation methods. Please note that some material on the test maynot be covered in your choice of preparation materials. This is why it is critical that you refer to the list of exam objectives during your course of study. Recommended Experience Levels for AutodeskRevit Architecture 2010 Certification ExamsActual hands-on experience is a criticalcomponent in preparing for the exam. Directapplication of the skills learned cannot besubstituted by any one other learningresource. You must spend time using theproduct and applying the skills you havelearned.Because experience using the Autodeskapplication is so important, we recommenda minimum level of experience beforeattempting the exam. Note that even withthe recommended level of experience, youshould still use the exam objectives as abasis for your preparation. Even the mostknowledgeable and experienced users ofAutodesk applications will need to focus theirstudy specifically on the exam objectives.Exam ObjectivesReview the exam objectives to see the completelisting of topics for the exam. Use this as yourchecklist to determine your weaknessesand areas on which you will want to focus moreattention in your study and preparation.Recommended Experience Levels2010 Certified Associate exam – LearningAutodesk Revit Architecture 2010 course(or equivalent) plus 100 hours of hands-onapplication2010 Certified Professional exam – LearningAutodesk Revit Architecture 2010 course(or equivalent) plus 400 hours of hands-onapplicationAutodesk Assessment TestsAutodesk assessment tests will help determine your general knowledge of the Autodesk application on which you are seeking certification. This will identify areas of knowledge that you should develop in order to prepare for the certification exam. At the completion of an Autodesk Assessment test you will receive a comprehensive score report and also be able to review the items you missed and their correct answers. Assessment tests can be purchasedat .Autodesk Official Training GuidesAutodesk publishes dozens of Training Guides every year designed to help users at all levelsof expertise improve their productivity with Autodesk software. Training Guides from Autodesk are the preferred classroom training material for Autodesk Training Centers. These same Training Guides are well-suited for self-paced learning.Students simulate real-world projects and work through hands-on, job-related exercises. Most titles include a trial version of the software.The objectives in the Autodesk Certified Associate and Professional exams come directly from Autodesk Official Training Guides. If you will be taking a professional level exam the test questions will use the drawings that are made available to you with the corresponding Autodesk Official Training Guides.The recommend Autodesk Official TrainingGuides for the Associate and Professional examis Learning Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010.You can purchase the courseware at or contact your local ATC.Academic Centers in North America canpurchase guides from an Autodesk AcademicValue Added Reseller at /educationand select “locate a reseller”.ATC® Instructor-Led CoursesEvery day, thousands of customers are taughthow to realize their ideas, faster, with Autodesksoftware. You can perform smarter and betterwith Autodesk software products when youturn to an Authorized Training Center. An ATCis your best source for Autodesk-authorizedclasses, tailored to meet the needs and challengesfacing today’s design professionals, and to helpyou prepare for your Autodesk Certificationexams.The Autodesk Authorized Training Center (ATC®)program is a global network of professionaltraining providers offering a broad range oflearning resources. In many areas, you can earncontinuing education credits while buildingyour toolset. Visit the online ATC locator at/atc.Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010Professional Level Practice TestsIn order to allow you to gain experience with theProfessional level test and the testing system,Autodesk has developed a practice test thatsimulates the actual 2010 Certified Professionalcertification exam. It is a performance basedexam, with the same number of questions asthe actual exam. It requires the use of the specificAutodesk application in order to successfullyanswer the questions. This test can be taken inan Autodesk Certification Center or fromyour own computer. For more information onpurchasing Autodesk Professional Practicetests see .Test Taking StrategiesEach time you take a test, whether it is anassessment test, practice test, or thecertification exam, you will benefit from usingproven test taking strategies to increase yourodds of success. Some of these strategiesare general, but some are very specific to thetype of exam you may be taking.Time ManagementBecause Autodesk certification exams are timed,management of time during testing is anintegral part of a successful outcome. Autodeskrecommends that you use a strategy thatmaximizes the time available so that you willhave time to answer each exam question. TheAutodesk Online test system allows you to markquestions for review and return to them later.This allows you to work through the testquestions that are easy or quick for you, andmark the more difficult questions to return tolater if time permits. It is important to not allowyourself to become caught up in one specificexam question and waste time. Also, be sure tocheck the review screen before you submit yourexam, to make sure you have answered all ofthe items.Thoroughly Read ExamQuestions and InstructionsAutodesk exams are testing specific objectivesso it is critical that you understand the questionsbefore you answer them. Additionally, beforeeach test you are presented with a tutorial.This tutorial contains information on usingthe Autodesk Online testing system as wellas critical information such as location of files,instructions for answering questions, andgeneral test information.Example Training Guides from AutodeskExam Registration, Purchase, and Scheduling When you are ready to take your exam, you may purchase your exam directly from the Autodesk Online Testing Service or from an Autodesk Authorized Certification Center depending on the country in which you will test. Information on purchasing and scheduling your exam can be found at .During Your ExamWhile taking the exam, you may not use calculators, books, or other electronic equip-ment. You may use scratch paper, but it will be collected from you when you finish your test. You may pause the test during delivery, andno time will be lost. The proctor will seat you and step you through the process of starting your test. They will also answer any questions you have about the testing process. They will not answer any questions about test questions or the content of the test. After Your ExamAfter your certification exam you will immediately receive an online score report that contains diagnostic feedback. This feedback includes the number of items that are correct in each section. This score report contains the objectives for any items that were incorrect. This score report in available in your Autodesk Online profile, and can be reviewed and printed at anytime from .If you passed the required exams to earn certification, you will also have access to electronic certificate: suitable for printing and framing. You will also have access to official Autodesk certification logos which you can use on your business cards, resume, and letterhead. The certificate and logos are available in your certification profile.Once certified, you can also choose to have your contact information and certifications listed in Autodesk’s publicly available database. This is an excellent way to demonstrate your certification status to prospective employers. The database listing can be found on . In order to display your certification log into your Autodesk Online profile and select “yes” to the field “I would like my certification status published to the Autodesk website”. You may change this field at anytime to remove or display your certifications.Autodesk® Certification Exam GuideExam Registration, Purchase, and SchedulingAutodesk Inventor 2010This number certifies thatthe recipient has successfullycompleted all programrequirements.In recognition of their commitment to achieving professional excellence, this certifies thathas successfully completed the program requirements ofDate Carl BassPresident, Chief Executive OfficerLeveraging the Autodesk brand can help youin your career. Autodesk Certification providesyou with an Autodesk logo that you candisplay on your resume and business card, anda beautiful e-certificate suitable for framing.This customized certificate gives instantrecognition that your credential is issuedby Autodesk.Revit Architecture 2010This number certifies thatthe recipient has successfullycompleted all programrequirements.In recognition of their commitment to achieving professional excellence, this certifies thathas successfully completed the program requirements ofDate Carl BassPresident, Chief Executive OfficerAutoCAD2010This number certifies thatthe recipient has successfullycompleted all programrequirements.In recognition of their commitment to achieving professional excellence, this certifies thathas successfully completed the program requirements ofDate Carl BassPresident, Chief Executive OfficerThe Autodesk Official Training Guide for this exam is Learning Autodesk Revit Architecture 2010. You can purchase this guide at or from your local ATC. Schools can also purchase from an Autodesk Academic Value Added Reseller at /education and select “locate a reseller”.Revit Architecture Basics 2- Describe the different types of building elements.Chapter 2: Revit Architecture Basics - Describe project templates.Starting a Design2- Create a floor plan view and place building elements in it.Chapter3: Starting a Design- Describe levels and their uses.The Basics of the Building Model 2- Describe wall properties.Chapter4: The Basics of the Building Model - Describe compound walls.Loading Additional Building Components 1- Add components.Chapter5: Loading Additional BuildingComponentsViewing the Building Model 4- Describe view properties.- Describe object visibility settings.- Create and modify section and elevation views.- Describe 3D view types.Using Dimensions 2- Describe permanent dimensions.Chapter7: Using Dimensions andand Constraints- Describe constraints and the types of constraints.ConstraintsDeveloping the 5- Describe floors.Chapter8: Developing the Building Model Building Model- Add and modify ceilings in a building model.- Describe roofs.- Create curtain walls and modify curtain grids.- Create stairs and railings.Detailing and Drafting5- Describe callouts.Chapter9: Detailing and Drafting- Describe text.- Describe tags.- Create detail views.- Describe drafting views.Construction Documentation 3- Describe the properties of schedules.Chapter10: Construction Documentation - Describe rooms.- Describe legends.Presenting the Building Model 4- Describe drawing sheets.Chapter 11: Presenting the Building Model - Describe titleblocks.- Create revision clouds.- Describe renderings.The Autodesk Official Training Guide for this exam is Learning You can purchase this guide at or from your local ATC. Schools can also purchase from an Autodesk Academic Value Added Reseller at /education and select “locate a reseller”.Starting a Design 1- Create and modify levels.Chapter 3: Starting a DesignThe Basics of the Building Model3- Create compound and vertically compound walls.Chapter 4: The Basics of the Building Model- Add and modify walls using editing commands.- Add doors to a building model.Loading Additional Building Components 1- Load component families and add components in a project.Chapter 5: Loading Additional Building ComponentsViewing the Building Model 2- Control object visibility.Chapter 6: Viewing the Building Model - Create and modify section and elevation views.Using Dimensions and Constraints 2- Work with dimensions in a building model.Chapter 7: Using Dimensions and Constraints- Apply constraints to elements in a building model.Developing the Building Model4- Create and modify floors.Chapter 8: Developing the Building Model- Add and modify ceilings and ceiling components.- Add and modify roofs.- Create and modify stairs and railings.Detailing and Drafting 3- Create a callout view of a section.Chapter 9: Detailing and Drafting- Work with text and tags.- Add construction details to a detail view.Construction Documentation 2- Create a component and a key schedule.Chapter 10: Construction Documentation- Create a room and room schedule.Presenting the Building Model2- Create, modify, and specify print options for drawing sheets.Chapter 11: Presenting the Building Model- Add and update titleblocks and edit titleblock families.Autodesk and Autodesk Revit are registered trademarks or trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and/or other countries. All other brand names, product For further information: /certificationemail:**************************。
八世贸组织中英单词对照
汉英口译分类词汇（08）--世贸组织词汇（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integration process （服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence(服务贸易)自然人 natural person(服务贸易)自然人流动Presence of natural person (解决争端)被诉方Defendant （解决争端）调查结果Findings(解决争端)上诉Appeal (解决争端)申诉方Complaint (利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment(农产品)国内支持Domestic support（农产品）综合支持量AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support)（农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures(农业)多功能性Multifunctionality（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy(争端解决)专家组Panel （知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications 《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)Paris Convention《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention 《多种纤维协定》MFA (Multifibre Agreement)《纺织品与服装协议》ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)《服务贸易总协定》GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)《京都议定书》 Kyoto Protocol《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol《农产品协议》特殊保障SSG (Special Safeguard)《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention onBiological Diversity)《信息技术协议》ITA (Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 采取措施后Ex post采取措施前Ex ante产品生命周期分析LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) 出口补贴Export subsidy出口实绩Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger当地含量Local content电子商务 Electronic Commerce东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) 东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area动植物卫生检疫措施SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard )反补贴税Countervailing duty 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against…反向通知Counter-notification非配额产品 quota-freeproducts非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) 风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)规避Circumvention国际标准化组织ISO (International Organization for Standardization)国际纺织品服装局ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际劳工组织ILO (International Labor Organization)国际贸易中心ITC (International Trade Center)国际贸易组织ITO (International Trade Organization)国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)国际清算 international settlement国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics国民待遇National treatment 国内补贴Domestic subsidy国内生产Domestic production 海关估价Customs valuation 海关完税价值Customs value 横向兼并 horizontal merger 环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology)灰色区域措施Grey area measures货币留成制度Currency retention scheme货币贸易理事会CTG(Council for Trade in Goods) 基础税率Base tariff level 既定日程Built-in agenda交叉报复Cross retaliation 进口差价税Import variable duties进口附加税Import surcharge 进口环节税 import linkage tax进口渗透Import penetration 进口替代Import substitution 进口许可Import licensing进口押金Import deposits经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融资 junk financing联合国环境署UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)联合国开发计划署UNDP (United Nations Development Program)联合国粮农组织FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 粮食安全Food security慢性萧条 chronic depression 贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Development贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment模式Modalities 南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)南亚区域合作联盟SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA (European Free Trade Association)配额调整条款modulation of quota clause瓶颈制约 'bottleneck' restrictions全球配额 global quota上诉机构Appeal body申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system 生产补贴Production subsidy 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to实质损害Material injury食品法典委员会 CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission) 世界海关组织WCO (World Customs Organization)世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization)世界知识产权组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) 市场准入Market access通知义务Notification obligation同类产品Like product乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round消费膨胀 inflated consumption 协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 新议题New issues许可费License fee有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements约束水平Bound level争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body政府采购 Government procurement知识产权IPRs (Intellectual property rights)直接支付Direct payment诸边协议 Plurilateral agreement专门的营销机构Market boards 转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父条款 grandfather clause 最不发达国家LDCs(Least-developed countries) 最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)最惠国待遇（现通常称'正常贸易关系'）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Trea tment)WTO术语英文解释GeneralGATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.GATT 1947 — The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT.GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.Members — WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN —Most-favoured-nation treatment (GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals. GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the TradePolicy Review Mechanism.transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable. Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994. Tariffsbinding, bound —see “tariff binding”electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products viatelecommunications networks.free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under themost-favoured-nation principle. Harmonized System — An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes.ITA —Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000. ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates.tariff binding —Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level. Oncea rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties. tariff escalation —Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products. This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate. tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on “sensitive” products, amidst generally low tariff levels. For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as “tariff peaks”.tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports. Levied either on an ad valorem basis (percentage of value) or on a specific basis (e.g. $7 per 100 kgs.). Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government. WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measuresanti-dumping duties —Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.circumvention —Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.dumping —Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs —Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of ananti-dumping duty.PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e. price, quantity, quality, etc.QRs —Quantitative restrictions —specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported (or exported) during a specific time period. rules of origin —Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin. A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up ofimports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994.subsidy — There are two general types ofsubsidies: export and domestic. An exportsubsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports.A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.tariffication —Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.trade facilitation —Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures). VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement. Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.Textiles and clothingATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year.carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota.circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product.CTG —Council for Trade in Goods —oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC. integration programme —The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January 1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.ITCB —International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.MFA — Multifibre Arrangement (1974-94) under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.swing —When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product.TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments. transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause —or threaten —serious damage to the relevant domestic industry.Agriculture/SPSAgenda 2000 —EC’s financial reform plans for 2000–06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members. Includes reform of the CAP (see below). border protection —Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry. BSE —Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or “mad cow disease”.box —Category of domestic support. —Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits.— Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting. —Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments.Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization. It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round. Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay.CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety.distortion —When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market. deficiency payment —Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less.EEP — Export enhancement programme —programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs. internal support —Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade; direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production.International Office of Epizootics —Deals with international standards concerning animal health.multifunctionality —Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g. environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc. See non-trade concerns. non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality. The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples. Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT. Expires at the end of 2003.reform process/program —The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process. It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e. a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms. Current negotiations launched under Article20 are for continuing the reform process. SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption.variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.Intellectual propertyBerne Convention —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works.CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity. compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent —to make, use, sell or import a product under patent (i.e.a patented product or a product made by a patented process) —without the permission of the patent owner. Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled. See also government use.counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods. exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it. (A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.) Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product. See also parallel imports. geographical indications —Place names (or words associated with a place) used to identify products (for example, “Champagne”, “Tequila” or “Roquefort”) which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that placegovernment use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner. See also compulsory licensing.intellectual property rights —Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works (protected by copyright), inventions (protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise (protected by trademarks) and other elements of industrial property.IPRs — Intellectual property rights. Lisbon Agreement —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration.Madrid Agreement —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods. mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals. Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force,these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed. (An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting “exclusive marketing rights” for the products whose patent applications have been filed.)parallel imports — When a product made legally (i.e. not pirated) abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder (e.g. the trademark or patent owner). Some countries allow this, others do not.Paris Convention —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e. patents,utility models, industrial designs, etc. piracy —Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights (such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc) for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials. Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms. TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.Investmentexport-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.FDI — Foreign direct investment.local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product.product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region.trade-balancing measure —Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports.TRIMS —Trade-related investment measures. Dispute settlementAppellate Body — An independentseven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports.automaticity —The “automatic” chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures.DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTOobligations.panel — Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSBto examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions.Servicesaccounting rate — In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephon e network operator for calls originating in another country.commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country. GATS —The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement. Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.modes of delivery —How international trade in services is supplied and consumed. Mode 1: cross border supply; mode 2: consumption abroad; mode 3: foreign commercial presence; and mode 4: movement of natural persons. multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode. In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitmentsaccepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members.natural persons —People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.offer —A country’s proposal for further liberalization.protocols —Additional agreements attached to the GATS. The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services. The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises. schedule —“Schedule of Specific Commitm ents” —A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment. specific commitments —See “schedule”. Regionalism/trade and developmentACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The seven ASEAN members of the WTO —Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand —often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues. The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam.Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries. CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and DevelopmentCustoms union — Members apply a common external tariff (e.g. the EC).EC —European Communities (official name of the European Union in the WTO).EFTA — European Free Trade Association.free trade area —Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members (e.g. NAFTA).G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD (originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States. GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.GSP — Generalized System of Preferences —programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.HLM —WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD. Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.LDCs — Least-developed countries. MERCOSUR —Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA —North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.S&D —“Special and differential treatment” provisions for developing countries. Contained in several WTO agreements.UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement. UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.Trade and environmentAgenda 21 —The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro. Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed “exceptions” to the trade rules.Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.BTA — Border tax adjustmentCITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. An MEA.CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.EST — Environmentally-sound technology. EST&P — EST and products.ex ante, ex post —Before and after a measure is applied.LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.Montreal Protocol —An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer. PPM — Process and production method.TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.waiver —Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments. Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.。
商务英语缩写词汇
FＹI For yｏur ｉnfｏrmaｔion．仅供参考。
SD seｌf decｌaration．自我声明。
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Vaisala K-PATENTS Process Refractometer说明书
Example applications
In-line Vaisala K-PATENTS® Process Refractometer can be used in chemical identification and interface detection in various applications such as:
Graph: Distinct refractive indices of hydrocarbons
Why to choose Vaisala K-PATENTS Process Refractometer?
With safety, time and cost efficiency in mind, in-line Vaisala K-PATENTS Process Refractometer is the ideal solution for chemical identification and interface detection because:
The refractive index property of hydrocarbons can be utilized by unloading stations for product identification. Hydrocarbons can be similar in properties and appearance, however, each hydrocarbon has a distinct refractive index (see the graph).
It enables the following:
fast real-time product identification without sampling or product waste instant measurement results for continuous process control minimized manpower on-site eliminated operator errors increased process safety
SCADA操作员界面硬件 - 第一部分：一般说明书
PART 1: GENERAL
1.01 SECTION INCLUDES
Operator Interface system to be supplied by Contractor. Actual SCADA programming
c. Provide one set of Wonderware SCADAlarm Windows-based autodialer software, or approved equal, for Operator Interface. Software shall be compatible with Wonderware SCADA software for callout on alarms. Autodialer shall have configurable unlimited phone callout list and alarm tagname dictionary, manual or automatic acknowledgment of alarms and provide audible annunciation of analog values. Autodialer software shall be Windows XP compatible. An external voice modem compatible with the software shall be provided for alarm dial-out. Provide microphone and connecting wires between modem and PC for the speaker input.
常用建筑英语
图纸drawing 蓝图blueprint 平面图plan 基地平面，建筑设计总平面site plan 规划总平面master plan 首层平面ground level floor plan （英）first level floor plan （美）ground floor plan （英）first floor plan （美）public building 公共建筑office building 办公楼teaching building 教学楼low-rise building 低层建筑mid-rise building 多层建筑high-rise building 高层建筑towerbuilding 塔楼skirt building 裙楼landscape analysis and assessment 景观分析与评估circulation analysis 交通体系分析图占总用地比例Percentage of land use（%）人均用地面积land area per capita average land area per person Residential 居住用地Commercial and Public Facilities 公共设施用地Industrial / Manufacturing 工业用地建筑占地面积building coverage area 建筑密度building coverage ratiobuilding density 绿化面积green area 绿地率green ratio 总建筑面积（GFA）total / overall / gross floor area 容积率（ FAR ）floor area ratio/plot ratio 实用面积usable area Basement level/ floor 地下层地下一层Basement level/ floor 1Basement 1 level/ floor 地下二层Basement level/ floor 2Basement 2 level/ floor 城市规划Urban planning 景观规划landscape planning 城市总体规划纲要masterplanning outline建筑英语词汇大全建筑build; architecture; construct; architectural; architectural & industrial ceramics 建筑安装工程量construction work quantity建筑板材building board建筑材料表list of building materials建筑材料检验building material testing建筑材料行building material dealer建筑材料运输列车construction train建筑草图architectural sketch建筑朝向building orientation建筑成本预算construction cost estimate建筑承包商building contractor建筑尺度architectural scale建筑处理architectural treatment建筑创作architectural creation建筑大五金architectural metalwork建筑大样architectural detail建筑单元building unit建筑费construction cost建筑风格architectural style建筑辅助系统building subsystem建筑钢construction(al) steel建筑钢板building sheet建筑高度building height; height of building建筑高度分区building height zoning; height zoning建筑工程升降机builder's lift建筑工地选择siting建筑工羊角锤头builder's claw hammer head建筑工业building industry; construction industry建筑工种building trades建筑构思architectural conception建筑构图compostion on architecture; architectural composition建筑构造building construction建筑估价building cost estimate建筑管理architectural control建筑规程building regulations建筑规范building code建筑机械construction machinery; building machinery建筑及维护规则recommendation建筑结构building structure建筑结构分析语言structural engineering system solver (STRESS)建筑立面elevation of building; building elevation建筑沥青bitumen for building; building asphalt No. 10建筑力学architectural mechanics建筑铝型材生产线architectural aluminium profile production line 建筑毛面积gross floor area 建筑毛造价gross building cost 建筑面积area of structure; covered area 建筑面积比floor-area ratio (F.A.R.) 建筑面积指标floor-space index (F.S.I.) 建筑模数building module 建筑配景entourage of building 建筑平面architectural plane; building plane 建筑起重机building crane; construction-site crane 建筑砌块building block 建筑气候分区climate region of building 建筑青铜architectural bronze 建筑青铜合金architectural bronze 建筑声学architectural acoustics 建筑石paring stone 建筑石料building stone 建筑时期观念construction period concept 建筑史architectural history; history of architecture 建筑收进线building setback line 建筑陶板architectural terra-cotta (ATC) 建筑陶瓷architectural pottery 建筑特色architectural feature 建筑体积architectural volume; cubage 建筑体积计算cubing 建筑体系building system 建筑体形building size 建筑透视architectural perspective 建筑外壳building shell 建筑外形architectural appearance 建筑物building; structure 建筑物保险building insurance 建筑物朝向direction of building 建筑物基础building foundation 建筑物间距distance between buildings 建筑物理architectural physics; building physics 建筑物缺隐building deficiency 建筑物入口building entrance 建筑物租约building lease 建筑现场construction 建筑限制building restriction 建筑限制线building restiction line 建筑效果architectural effect 建筑型钢轧机机座structural stand建筑型式type of construction; architectural form 建筑遗产architectural heritage 建筑艺术architectural art建筑艺术处理artistic treatment in architecture; architectural treatment 建筑艺术形式artistic form of architecture 建筑用地building lot; building site; lot 建筑用地规划plot planning; block planning 建筑用钢铁constructional iron 建筑用黄铜architectural brass 建筑用木材building timber 建筑用提升机service-building elevator 建筑原理architectonics; architectural principle 建筑造型艺术art of architectural modelling 建筑占地系数coefficient of land used for buildings 建筑障碍architectural barriers 建筑照明architectural lighting 建筑折旧准备buildings depreciation reserve 建筑哲理architectural philosophy 建筑柱式architectural orders; orders of architecture 建筑装饰architectural decoration; architectural ornament 建筑装饰彩釉砂涂料colour-glazed sand paint for building decoration 建筑装饰学architectural decoration 建筑装修五金architectural metalwork 建筑自动化building automation 建筑自重structural weight per square meter 建筑渲染architectural rendering; rendu 施工construct; execution; construction; execution of works 施工安装图construction and erection drawing 施工安装用的机械及工具machines and tools for construction and erection 施工标桩construction stake 施工布置图construction plan 施工步骤construction procedure; construction steps 施工测量construction survey 施工程序construction program; execution programme for works 施工程序网络图project network 施工贷款construction loan 施工单位construction organization; builder 施工道路construction road 施工地点job location 施工吊车construction hoist 施工定额construction norm 施工队construction team 施工方法job practice 施工方式form of construction work施工费用construction cost 施工缝construction joint 施工工程construction work 施工工程师construction engineer; operating engineer 施工工程学construction engineering 施工工期construction period 施工工种construction trade施工规模scope of construction item; size of construction 施工荷载construction loads; working load 施工合同construction contract 施工机械construction machinery 施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant 施工机械化mechanization of building operation; mechanization of construction 施工机械化系数coefficient of construction mechanization 施工技术财务计划financial plan for construction technology 施工计划construction plan; construction program(me) 施工监督supervision of construction; supervision; monitoring 施工检查inspection of construction 施工检查员construction inspector 施工阶段construction stage; construction phase 施工进度construction progress 施工进度表schedule of construction; schedule of operations; work-schedule 施工进度计划detailed construction schedule; construction schedule 施工经济学construction economics 施工经理construction manager 施工经验construction experience 施工卷扬机builder's hoist; builder's winch 施工临时螺栓construction bolt 施工流水作业法construction streamline method 施工面积floor space under construction 施工平面图construction plan 施工期construction period 施工起重机construction hoist 施工企业construction enterprises 施工前阶段preconstruction stage 施工区construction area 施工缺陷constructional deficiency 施工人员constructor; builder施工设备plant for construction; construction equipment 施工设计detail design; detailed engineering 施工水平仪builder's level施工说明general des cription of construction施工说明书construction specifications 施工图设计construction documents design 施工图设计阶段construction documents design phase; construction documents phase施工图预算working drawing estimate 施工文件construction documents ( 包括施工图及说明) 施工误差construction error 施工现场fabricating yard; job location 施工详图detail of construction; construction detail; working drawing 施工项目project under construction; construction item 施工项目编号construction item reference number 施工效率efficiency of construction 施工性能workability 施工许可证builder's licence 施工验收技术规范technical code for work and acceptance 施工依据manufacture bases 施工营业执照builder's licence 施工预算construction estimate 施工执照building permit 施工准备preliminary work for construction; preparations for construction 施工准备计划preparatory plan 施工总平面图overall construction site plan 施工总则general conditions of construction 施工组织设计construction management plan 施工作业计划work element construction program 项目subject of entry; item 项目报告project paper 项目编制阶段project preparation phase 项目标记project mark 项目财务估价project financial evaluation 项目采购project purchasing 项目成本project cost; item cost 项目筹备融通资金project preparation facility (PPF) 项目贷款project finance; project-financing loan; project loan 项目单menu 项目的拟订project formulation 项目的所有者owner of the project 项目的总投标价值total tender value of project 项目发展周期project development cycle 项目范围scope of project 项目方案project alternatives 项目分隔符item separation symbol 项目分类classification of items项目分配allocation of items 项目分析item analysis 项目工程师project engineer 项目工程师负责制project engineer system 项目管理project management 项目管理人project manager 项目号item number 项目核对法check list （市场调查技术之一）项目核准权projects approval authority 项目后评价post project evaluation 项目后评价和后继行动post project evaluation and followup 项目划分segregation of items 项目化组织projectized organization 项目环境生态评价environmental appraisal of a project 项目货款额度project line 项目技术评价project technology evaluation 项目计划project plan 项目计划设计图project planning chart 项目记录item record 项目加权item weighting 项目检验回归曲线item-test regression curve 项目建设费用cost of project implementation 项目建设进度表project implementation scheduling 项目建议书proposals for the projects 项目经济估价project economic evaluation; economic evaluation of a project项目经理project manager 项目矩阵组织project matrix organization 项目控制project control 项目块entry block 项目历史history of project 项目目标管理project management by objectives 项目拟订project formulation 项目匹配法matching item 项目评估project appraisal; project evaluation 项目评估法Project Evaluation and Review Technique 项目企业经济评价enterprise's economic appraisal of a project 项目删除deletion of items 项目上端item top 项目社会评价project's social value appraisal 项目设备project equipment 项目设计item design 项目设计工程师负责制project engineer responsibility system 项目生产project production项目说明item des cription 项目说明书specification of an item 项目投资时期investment phase of a project 项目图与布置图project charts and layouts 项目网络法project network technique 项目网络分析project network analysis 项目文件item file项目小组project group; project team organiztion 项目行item line 项目修理通知单item repairing order 项目选择project selection 项目训练法project training 项目研究编目item study listing 项目研究小组project team 项目一次采购法project purchasing 项目一览表itemized schedule 项目预算program budget; project budget 项目预算编制program budgeting 项目政治评价political appraisal of a project 项目支助业务project supporting services 项目执行project implementation 项目执行情况审计报告project performance audity report (PPAR) 项目指标project indicators 项目转移item advance 项目资金筹措project financing质量grade; mass; quality; qualitative properties; mass ( 物理用语) 质量百分比mass percent质量半径关系mass-radius relation 质量保持率quality retention 质量保证quality assurance 质量保证技术出版物quality assurance technical publications 质量保证计划quality control system 质量保证控制程序quality assurance operating procedure 质量保证手册quality control (assurrance) manual 质量保证体系quality assurance (control) system 质量保证验收标准quality assurance acceptance standard 质量保证制度quality certification system 质量比mass ratio 质量比电阻mass specific resistance 质量变坏debase 质量标度mass scale 质量标志quality mark质量标准quality level; quality specification; quality standard质量不灭定律law of conservation of mass 质量不平衡mass unbalance 质量不足mass deficiency 质量参数mass parameter; quality parameters 质量测定mass measurement;quality determination 质量测定系统quality measurement system 质量测量massmeasurement 质量层化mass loss segregation 质量差价quality price differentials 质量差异mass discrepancy 质量产额mass yield 质量产额分布mass-yield distribution 质量产额曲线mass yield curve 质量成本quality cost 质量传递mass transmission; masstransport; mass transfer 质量传递机理mass transport mechanism 质量传递系数coefficient of mass transfer 质量单位unit of mass; mass units 质量弹簧缓冲器组合mass-spring dashpot combination; mass-spring-dashpot combination 质量弹簧系统mass-spring system 质量弹簧阻尼器体系mass-spring-dashpot system 质量弹性特性mass-elastic characteristics 质量当量mass equivalent 质量倒数reciprocal mass 质量的米制技术单位metric-technical unit of mass (TME) 质量的相对论性变化relativisticchange in mass 质量的相对论性增加relativistic increase of mass 质量等级quality grade 质量等级因素grade factors 质量低劣bum; inferiority of quality; inferior quality 质量低劣的bum 质量第一quality first 质量电感模拟mass-inductance analogy 质量电阻率mass resistivity 质量定律mass law 质量发光度半径关系mass-luminosity-radius relation 质量反应性系数mass coefficient of reactivity 质量范围mass range 质量方程mass equation 质量分辨本领mass resolution 质量分布mass distribution 质量分布函数mass function质量分光计mass spectrometer 质量分类试验attribute testing 质量分离massseparation 质量分离器mass separator; mass-separator 质量分散mass dispersion 质量分析mass analysis; quality analysis 质量分析离子动能度谱术mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry 质量分析器mass analyzer 质量分析仪mass-synchrometer 质量丰度mass abundance 质量峰mass peak 质量辐合mass convergence 质量辐散mass divergence 质量辐射阻止本领mass radiative stopping power 质量幅度quality latitude 质量负载mass loading 质量改善剂modifying agent; quality booster 质量工程quality engineering 质量公式mass formula 质量管理quality control; quality management 质量管理检验quality control check 质量管理系统quality control system 质量管理制度quality control system 质量惯性矩mass mement of inertia 质量规格quality requirement;quality standard; specification of quality 质量过大恒星overmassive star 质量过滤器mass filter 质量过剩mass excess 质量函数mass function; quality function 质量和可靠性目标quality and reliability objective 质量合格标准acceptable quality level 质量合格证certification of fitness 质量厚度mass thickness 质量换算因子mass conversion factor 质量集中分析qualitative investigation 质量级quality-class 质量计量学qualimetry 质量监测台monitoring desk 质量监督quality monitoring 质量监视控制台quality monitor console 质量检测器mass detector 质量检查quality inspection 质量检查科quality control division (QCD)质量检查证明书quality inspection certificate 质量检定quality arbitration 质量检验quality control surveillance; quality test; quality inspection质量检验标准quality control standards (QCS) 质量检验器quality checker 质量减损mass decrement 质量鉴定试验qualification test (QT) 质量鉴定试验程序qualification test procedure 质量鉴定试验规范qualification test specification 质量交换速度mass-transfer rate 质量交换系数mass transfer coefficient 质量交流mass exchange 质量矩moment of mass 质量矩阵mass matrix 质量抗mass reactance 质量壳mass shell 质量可靠性保证quality reliability assurance 质量控制mass control; quality monitoring; quality control 质量控制标准quality control specification 质量控制传感器quality control pick-up 质量控制等级quality control level 质量控制电动扬声器mass-controlled dynamic loudspeaker 质量控制计划quality control planning 质量控制检查quality control checking 质量控制可靠性quality control reliability 质量控制手册quality control manual 质量控制数据quality control data 质量控制体系quality control system 质量控制图quality control chart 质量控制系统quality control system 质量控制振荡器mass-controlled oscillator 质量亏损mass loss; mass defect 质量扩散mass diffusion 质量扩散率mass diffusivity 质量累积检测器mass integral detector 质量灵敏值mass sensitive quantity; mass-sensitive quantity 质量瘤mascon 质量流动mass flow 质量流动连续条件condition of mass flow continuity 质量流动速度mass velocity 质量流动学说mass flow theory 质量流过速率mass rate of flow 质量流控制mass flow control质量流量flow mass; mass flow; mass flow rate质量流量比mass flow ratio 质量流量常数mass flow constant 质量流量方程mass flow equation 质量流量计mass flowmeter 质量流量控制器mass flow controller 质量流量率mass rate of flow 质量流量敏感性检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector 质量流量扰动mass-flowrate perturbation 质量流量系数mass flow coefficient 质量流量压差关系mass flow pressure-difference relation 质量流率mass flowrate 质量流速mass velocity 质量密度mass density; specific mass 质量密集mascon 质量面mass surface 质量面积比mass area ratio 质量敏感分离器mass sensitive deflector 质量能量传递系数mass energy transfer coefficient 质量能量换算系数mass energy conversion coefficient 质量浓度mass concentration 质量判据quality criteria 质量抛射mass ejection 质量碰撞阻止本领mass collission stopping power 质量偏差mass deviation 质量平衡mass balance 质量平均值mass average value 质量评定grade estimation; qualitative assessment; quality evaluation; qualification; merit rating 质量迁移率mass-transfer rate 质量趋势quality trends质量曲线figure-of-merit curve; mass curve; mass diagram 质量全息术mass holograghy 质量缺陷mass defect 质量燃烧速率mass burning rate 质量散度mass divergence 质量散射系数mass scattering coefficient 质量色谱法mass chromatography 质量色谱分析mass chromatographic analysis 质量实质quality entity 质量试验quality test 质量试验规范quality test schedule 质量试验器quality tester质量守恒mass conservation; conservation of mass 质量守恒定律law of conservation of mass 质量守恒定律方程equation of mass conservation 质量守恒方程mass conservation equation 质量守恒原理principle of mass conservation 质量输运mass transport 质量数mass number; unclear number; nucleon number 质量数标度mass scale 质量数测定mass assignment 质量数指示器mass marker 质量衰减mass attenuation 质量衰减系数mass attenuation coefficient 质量双线mass doublet 质量说明书quality specification 质量速度mass velocity 质量速度比mass-velocity ratio 质量算符mass operator 质量碎片法mass fragmentography (MF) 质量碎片谱法mass fragmentography 质量损失mass loss 质量损失率mass loss rate 质量特性quality characteristic; quality coefficient 质量通量mass flux 质量统计检验statistical quality control 质量温度关系mass-temperature relation 质量稳定性评价标准quality retention rating 质量吸收mass absorption 质量吸收系数mass absorption coefficient 质量吸收效应mass-absorption effect 质量系数mass coefficient; mass factor; quality factor 质量限额mass limit 质量响应mass-basis response 质量项mass term 质量小恒星undermassive star 质量效果mass effect 质量效应mass effect 质量型检测器mass flow rate sensitive detector 质量性状qualitative character; quality character 质量循环速度mass circulation velocity 质量压力mass pressure 质量要求pres cription; quality requirements 质量遗传qualitative genetics; qualitative inheritance 质量移动姿态控制系统mass-motion attitude control system; mass-shifting attitude control system 质量因数factor of quality 质量因数计Q-meter 质量因素quality factor 质量因素比quality factor ratio 质量因子factor of merit 质量引力mass attraction 质量引力垂线mass attraction vertical 质量优良的小客车quality car 质量再循环率mass recirculation 质量增加mass addition 质量甄别mass discrimination 质量诊断quality diagnostics 质量证明certificate of quality 质量指标qualitative index; quality index; quality indicator; quality target 质量指南qualityguideline 质量指示器mass indicator; mass marker 质量指数quality index number 质量中位直径mass median diameter 质量中心centre of mass; mass center; mass centroid;centroid; center of mass 质量中心轴线centroidal axis 质量重整化mass renormalization 质量转移mass transfer 质量转移反应mass-transfer reaction 质量转移理论masstransfer theory 质量阻止本领mass stopping power 质量组分mass component 质量作用mass action质量作用定律mass action law; law of mass action 质量作用效应mass action effect 质量作用原理mass action principle 现场field engineering; job site; site; scene (FE) 现场安装field mounted (FM) 现场安装工作on-site installation work 现场安装和维修条件installation and maintenance conditions at field 现场安装螺栓field bolting; field bolt 现场安装容器field assembly of vessels 现场操作规范field-work standards 现场抽查spot checking 现场淬火field quenching 现场存货field warehousing 现场的local 现场电视监测生产法television-monitored production 现场调查field investigation; field survey; spot investigation; field method; spot survey; (spot) field investigation 现场调查设计field survey design 现场调查员field worker现场调度spot dispatch 现场发泡foam-in-place 现场仿真field simulation 现场访问facility visit 现场工作field work 现场管理field management; worksite management 现场灌注球基桩franki pile 现场焊接field weld; site weld; site welding; field welding 现场核查on-site verification 现场核数员field auditor 现场计数field enumeration 现场计算fieldcalculation 现场记录record on spot 现场加工field processing 现场检查on-siteinspection; on-spot check; spot checking 现场检验field inspection; on-site inspection;floor inspection; spot inspection 现场交货delivery on the spot; ex works 现场交货价格ex point of origin 现场交通site traffic 现场浇铸cast-in-place 现场浇筑cast in situs 现场接线field connection 现场经纪floor broker; pit broker 现场决标award at tenderopening 现场勘测site survey 现场勘察on-the-spot investigation 现场可变只读存储器field alterable ROM 现场可更换部件field-replaceable unit 现场客floor trader 现场控制台field control station 现场联结field connection 现场录音live recording 现场铆钉对接接头site riveted butt joint 现场铆接field rivet(t)ing; site rivet(ing) 现场配料field mix 现场平衡法field balancing technique 现场清洗in-place cleaning 现场人员训练field personnel training 现场摄像机field camera; live camera 现场设备field apparatus现场生产性能测定on-farm performance 现场实习workshop practice 现场实验field experiment 现场使用field service; field usage 现场使用可靠性on-the-job dependability 现场试验field experiment; field test; field investigation; field trial; site test; site trial; on-the-spot experiment 现场试验程序field test procedures 现场手册field manual 现场数据field data 现场栓接field bolted 现场踏勘reconnaissance trip 现场统计field statistics 现场维修field maintenance; on-site repair 现场修理current repair; spot repair 现场研究field study 现场以外的训练vestibule training 现场用压缩机field service compressor 现场制造field manufacturing 现场制作field fabrication; fabrication on site 现场装配field connection 现场组装field assembly 现场总线fieldbus 现场可替换单元LRU [ 现场的on-site [ 现场冷却spot cooling [ 现场冷却；局部冷却spot cooling 进度progress; tempo进度安排scheduling进度报表progress report; progress sheet 进度报告制度progress reporting system 进度工作日程progress schedule 进度估计progress estimate 进度管理progress control;schedule control 进度计划scheduled plan 进度计划安排scheduling 进度计划表schedule diagram 进度计划明细表detailed schedule 进度计划总表master schedule 进度检查follow-up进度控制schedule control; progress control 进度时间表process schedule进度图progress chart; progress map 进度维护scheduled maintenance 进度照片photographs of progress 合同agreement; stipulation; charter; contract 合同更改的请求contract change request 合同更改建议contract change proposal 合同更改通知书contract change notification 合同工jobbing work 合同工厂contract plant 合同管理范围contract management region 合同规定contractual specifications 合同号contractnumber 合同技术要求contract technical requirements (CTR) 合同签定日期contract award date 合同饲养contract feeding 合同谈判contract negotiation 合同条款terms of the contract 合同项目contract item 合同要求requirement 管理administer;administration; control; manage; management; superintendence; supervision 管理报表managerial report 管理报表系统managerial report system 管理报告managerial report 管理报告系统managerial report system 管理操作台administrative operator station 管理操作系统management operating system; supervisor operation system; supervisory operating system 管理操作员administrative operator 管理操作员站administrativeoperator station 管理差距management gap管理程序executive program; executive routine; supervisor; supervisory routine; hypervisor; supervisory program 管理程序测试supervisor program test 管理程序常驻区域supervisor residant area 管理程序的例行程序supervisor routine 管理程序的试验程序supervisor test program 管理程序的组成executive program components 管理程序调入supervisor call 管理程序调入码supervisor call code 管理程序调入指令supervisor call instruction (SVC) 管理程序调用supervisor call 管理程序调用命令supervisor call instruction (SVC) 管理程序调用命令中断supervisor call interruption管理程序调用命令子程序supervisor call routine 管理程序调用中断supervisor call interruption; supervisor call interrupt 管理程序队列区supervisor queue area 管理程序方式supervisor mode 管理程序仿真supervisory program simulation 管理程序封锁supervisor lock 管理程序模拟supervisory program simulation 管理程序锁supervisor lock 管理程序锁定supervisor lock 管理程序通信区supervisor communication region 管理程序暂驻区supervisor transient area 管理程序中断supervisor interrupt 管理程序驻留区supervisor resident area 管理程序状态supervisor mode; supervisor state 管理处management 管理磁盘hyperdisk 管理的任务managerial role 管理的作用managerial role 管理调用程序supervisor call program 管理毒品法令decree of management of narcotic drugs 管理对策management game 管理范围control limit 管理方式supervisor mode 管理费cost of operation; management cost; management cost; operation cost; overhead charge; management expenses; costs of administration; overhead expenses 管理分析management analysis 管理分析报告系统management analysis reporting system 管理服务management service; supervisor services 管理服务程序supervisor services 管理覆盖程序supervisor overlay 管理工程administrative engineering; management engineering 管理工作handing operation 管理工作间隔的约会块session commitment unit 管理工作系统management operating system (MOS) 管理工作站management work station 管理规划及监督management planning and control 管理画面supervisory frame 管理环境management environment 管理会计management accounting 管理机supervisor 管理机构administrative agency; administrative organization; administration; administrative authorities 管理级别supervisory level管理级计算机management leve computer 管理寄存器supervisor register 管理计划management planning 管理计划系统management planning system 管理计算management accounting 管理计算机supervisory computer 管理键盘supervisory keyboard 管理经济managerial economics 管理局administration 管理决策系统management decision system 管理科学management science 管理科学工作者management scientist 管理控制management control; supervisory control 管理控制程序supervisor control program 管理控制级management control level 管理控制盘supervisory control disk 管理控制系统management control system; supervisory control 管理框图法control chart method 管理例行程序executive routine; supervisory routine 管理良好的well-regulated 管理能力supervisory capability 管理排队区supervisor queue area 管理器supervisor 管理请求分程序supervisor request block 管理人manager 管理人员handling crew; managerial staff; superintendent 管理软件management software 管理设备supervisory unit 管理时间administrative time 管理数据management data 管理水平control level; level of control 管理顺序supervisory sequence 管理所control house; control station 管理特许指令supervisor-privileged instruction 管理通信宏指令supervisor communication macro 管理通信区supervisor communication region 管理图control chart 管理图表control chart 管理土壤资源managing soil resources 管理维护实用程序management support utility 管理系统management system; managerial system;supervisory system 管理系统多道程序设计executive system multiprogramming 管理信号supervisory signal 管理信息administrative information; management information 管理信息系统management information system; management operating system 管理信息要求management information requirement 管理性数据处理administrative dataprocessing 管理序列supervisory sequence管理学模型management science model 管理学院school of management 管理训练management training 管理研究management research 管理羊群running sheep管理业务management service; supervisor services; supervisory service 管理因素management factors管理应用程序包management package 管理语句语言control statement language 管理员administrator; controller 管理支持实用程序management support utility管理指令housekeeping instruction; executive instruction 管理中继supervisory relay 管理终端office terminal管理终端系统administrative terminal system (ATS) 管理周期control cycle; management cycle 管理专业训练软件management training software 管理转接supervisory relay 管理状态controlled state 管理子程序supervisory routine工程project; engineering工程保险insurance of works工程报告engineering report; project report工程比例尺engineering scale 工程编号job number 工程变更change in the work 工程变更通知单change order; variation order 工程标准engineering specification 工程标准部门engineering standard department 工程补偿费reimbursable expenses 工程材料engineering material 工程材料规范engineering material specification 工程采购规格手册engineering purchasing specification manual 工程测链chain; engineer's chain 工程测量engineering survey; project survey 工程车machineshop truck; shop truck; technical vehicle; engineering truck; engineering van; machineshop car 工程程序engineering process工程处construction division; engineering department 工程单位engineering unit 工程单位制engineering system of units; engineering unit system 工程弹性力学engineering elasticity 工程等级engineering order 工程地点project site; site 工程地震学engineering seismology; engysseismology 工程地震仪engineering seismograph 工程地址调查site investigation; site survey 工程地址鉴定site appraisal 工程地质engineering geology 工程地质勘探engineering geological prospecting 工程地质学engineering geology;geologie engineering 工程地质钻机engineering geological drilling rig 工程队construction brigade 工程法规engineering legislation 工程法制engineering legislation 工程范围works scope工程费construction cost; project cost; engineering cost 工程费变更条文cost variation clause 工程费用engineering cost 工程费用预算construction cost estimate 工程分析project analysis 工程分项价值表schedule of values 工程辅助设备project supportequipment 工程负责人project director; project manager 工程改变engineering change 工程改进时间engineering improvement time 工程概算表priced bill of quantities; priced bill 工程更改engineering change (EC) 工程公司engineering corporation 工程管理engineering management; engineering supervision; project management; schedule control 工程管理手册engineering administration manual 工程光学engineering optics 工程规划porject planning 工程过程engineering process 工程海洋学engineering oceanography 工程号job number 工程合同总造价total contract sum 工程画engineering drawing 工程回访project revisit 工程基本收益primary project benefit 工程机械轮胎off-the-road tyre工程机械图machine drawing 工程机械用柴油机industrial diesel engine 工程技巧engineering technique 工程技术报告engineering report 工程技术标准engineering standard 工程技术标准手册engineering standards manual 工程技术情报管理系统engineering information control system 工程技术人员engineer; engineering technical personnel; engineers and technicians 工程技术设计规范engineering technical design specification 工程技术数据engineering data 工程技术文献索引engineering index 工程技术研究engineering and technological research 工程技术业务出版物engineering service publication 工程技术资料engineering data 工程计划engineering effort; engineering project; project schedule 工程计量学engineering metrology 工程计算engineering calculation 工程监督supervision of works; engineering supervision 工程间接费indirect construction cost 工程检查engineering supervision; observation of the work 工程检查标准engineering inspection specification 工程建设engineering construction 工程建设标准engineering construction standard 工程教育engineering education 工程结构engineering structure 工程进程works progress 工程进度progress of works; job progress 工程进度报告progress report 工程进度表progress chart; progress schedule 工程进度记录progress record 工程进度款progress payment 工程近似engineering approximation 工程经济engineering economy 工程经济价值economic worth of project 工程经济评价economic evaluation of project 工程经济学engineering economics; value engineering 工程经济研究engineering economy study 工程经纬仪engineer □s theodolite; engineer's transit 工程救险车breakdown lorry; wrecker 工程竣工completion of works 工程竣工证书certificate of completion of works 工程开工commencement of works 工程科学engineering science工程可靠性engineering reliability 工程空气动力学engineering aerodynamics 工程控制论engineering cyberne tics 工程力学engineering mechanics 工程量quantities 工程量表quantity sheet; quantities bill 工程量差额quantity overrun; quantity underrun 工程量估算estimation of approximate quantities 工程量统计员quantity surveyor 工程列车engineering train 工程流程图mechanical flow diagram 工程流体力学engineering fluid mechanics 工程内聚强度technical cohesive strength 工程评定assessment of project; project evaluation; project assessment 工程评价project appraisal 工程器材engineering goods 工程缺陷补偿defect compensation 工程热力学engineering thermodynamics 工程任务单job assignment notice 工程任务分析engineering job analysis 工程蠕变engineering creep 工程设计engineering design; engineering project 工程设计方案engineering design plan (EDP) 工程设计基本数据basic engineering design data 工程设计人员project planner 工程设计数据engineering design data 工程设施job facilities 工程师engineer 工程师代表engineer's representative 工程师认可证明engineer's。
Autodesk 产品说明书
© 2018 Autodesk, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by Autodesk, Inc., this publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose. Certain materials included in this publication are reprinted with the permission of the copyright holder.Disclaimer THIS PUBLICATION AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS MADE AVAILABLE BY AUTODESK, INC. “AS IS.” AUTODESK, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THESE MATERIALS.Trademarks The following are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USAand/or other countries: Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis, Autodesk Concrete Building Structures, Spreadsheet Calculator, ATC, AutoCAD, Autodesk, Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk (logo), Buzzsaw, Design Web Format, DWF, ViewCube, SteeringWheels, and Autodesk Revit. 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All rights reserved.How to create an Add-In extension .dll file and make it available from Robot pull down menu. (language C#)August 28, 20181. IntroductionRobot Structure Analysis is equipped with appropriate interfaces that allow you to extend the functionality in a fairly simple way by including external components called directly from its pull down menu.This document was created to help you quickly implement such an add-in extension by using Visual Studio C# project. T he points below are in fact step by step instruction you should utilize to implement your own add-in extension and have possibility to call it from Robot Structure Analysis pull down menu.2. Visual Studio C# template projectIf you want to create add-in extension use project template attached to Robot Structure Analysis SDK (its name is MyAddin) or modify your own project basing on this project using the information contained in this short manual.The sample project template attached to Robot Structure Analysis SDK is the complete add-in but in fact it is doing nothing except showing simple window. This is only example but by adding your own code into proper places you will be able to obtain what you intent.3. References to RobotOM (Robot Object Model) libraryIn your project set references to RobotOM library (Interop.RobotOM.dll in the case of C# project). In the template project attached to RSA SDK references to RobotOM library are setto…\MyAddin\bin\Debug\Interop.RobotOM.dll4. Project configurationThe following screen shots briefly summarize the necessary project settings. Make sure that your add-in assembly is COM visible.5. Implementation of IRobotAddIn interfaceBelow you can see the simplest implementation of the IRobotAddIn interface.The DoCommand method will be executed after clicking on the appropriate pull down menu item . Therefore, it must contain instructions responsible for the appropriate functionalities of your add-in extension. The commands can be distinguished using the cmd_id parameter.By means of the InstallCommands method individual commands are added to the Robot Structure Analysis pull down menu This is done using cmd_list parameter being RobotCmdList type.using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using RobotOM;namespace MyAddin{// ----------[VisibleAttribute(true)]public class Class1 : IRobotAddIn{private IRobotApplication iapp = null;public bool Connect(RobotApplication robot_app, int add_in_id, bool first_time){iapp = robot_app;return true;}public bool Disconnect(){iapp = null;return true;}public void DoCommand(int cmd_id){//exemplary implementationSystem.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("Command " + cmd_id.ToString() + " executed.");// or execute any of your command for e.g. new Form1().Show();}public double GetExpectedVersion(){return 10;}public int InstallCommands(RobotCmdList cmd_list){//exemplary implementationcmd_list.New(1, "My Command 1"); // Text in Robot menureturn cmd_list.Count;}}// ----------}6. Setting new GUID for IRobotAddIn implementation and COM visible attribute for all forms… COM visibility attribute must be set to FALSE for all forms in your add-in.7. Add your own functionality code and build projectImplement DoCommand method with instructions responsible for the appropriate functionalities of your add-in extension.Implement InstallCommands to add individual commands to the Robot Structure Analysis pull down menu.Build project.8. Preparing add-in .dll file to run with Robot Structure Analysis•Create .tlb fileGo to folder where your add-in .dll file is generated (…\MyAddin\bin\Debug in ourexample)Run command :c:\Windows\\Framework64\v4.0.30319\regasm.exe /tlb /codebaseMyAddin.dllorc:\Windows\\Framework64\v2.0.50727\RegAsm.exe /tlb/codebase MyAddin.dll•Add created .tlb library to add-in .dll file:From the File menu \Open\File -> open created add-in .dll file(…\MyAddin\bin\Debug\MyAddin.dll in our example) and add created .tlb library to .dllfile (right hand mouse click menu).Resource type should be named as TYPELIB.•Change TYPELIB numberChange number to e.g 1.0 using Properties (right hand mouse click menu)•Close Visual Studio and save changes to .dll file9. Registration of created add-in .dll file to enable its visibility in Robot Structure AnalysisRegister add-in .dll file after its locating in target folder on any computer you want it to use as described below:•Open Command Prompt window as Admin•Go to the folder where the add-in .dll file is located and register it by commands: c:\Windows\\Framework64\v4.0.30319\regasm.exe /tlb /codebaseMyAddin.dllorc:\Windows\\Framework64\v2.0.50727\RegAsm.exe /tlb /codebaseMyAddin.dll9. Making new option available in Robot Structure Analysis pull down menuStart RSA, select any structure type, then from Add-ins menu start Add-ins Manage and u sing “…” button show path to add-in .dll file, then press Add button.… a fter closing manager the new option should be available in robot menuas it is showed above.How to create an Add-In extension .dll file and make it available from Robot pull down menu. (language VB Net )1. Visual Studio VBNet template projectCreate a class library project:Inside Visual Studio, on the File menu, click New Project. In the Installed Templates tab in the left-hand window, click Visual Basic. In the middle window, click Class Library.Enter MyAddinVBNet in the Name box and enter D:\Add-in in Location box then click OK.Visual Studio will create a default code project for you and display the code in the code window.2. Add references:In the Solution Explorer window on the right-hand side of the Visual Studio window, right-click References and click Add Reference…Click the Browse tab and in the Add Reference dialog and browse to the Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional product installation sub-folder. (The sub-folder path depends on where you have installed RSA 201x. The default path isC:\Program Files\Autodesk\Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional201x\*).You will add reference file from this folder. Select robotom.tlb, and then click OK. Now the interface DLL file is referenced in your project. All the RSA APIs are exposed by these interface files and your project can use all of those available APIs from them.3. Project configurationThe following screen shots briefly summarize the necessary project settings.4. Implementation of IRobotAddIn interfaceBelow you can see the simplest implementation of the IRobotAddIn interface.The DoCommand method will be executed after clicking on the appropriate pull down menu item . Therefore, it must contain instructions responsible for the appropriate functionalities of your add-in extension. The commands can be distinguished using the cmd_id parameter.By means of the InstallCommands method individual commands are added to the Robot Structure Analysis pull down menu This is done using cmd_list parameter being RobotCmdList type.Imports RobotOM<ComClass(Class1.ClassId)>Public Class Class1Implements RobotOM.IRobotAddIn' This GUID provides the COM identity For this Class' and its COM interfaces. If you change it, existing' clients will no longer be able to access the class.Public Const ClassId As String = "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx"Private robotApp As RobotOM.IRobotApplication' A creatable COM class must have a Public Sub New()' with no parameters, otherwise, the class will not be' registered in the COM registry and cannot be created' via CreateObject.Public Sub New()MyBase.New()End SubPublic Sub DoCommand(cmd_id As Integer) Implements IRobotAddIn.DoCommand Select Case cmd_idCase 1'Clicking on first command in menu user gets messageMsgBox("Message From AddinVBNet")Case 2'Clicking on second command in menu user gets dialogDim frm As New Form1()Dim value As Integervalue = robotApp.Project.Structure.Bars.GetAll().Countfrm.Init(value)frm.ShowDialog()End SelectEnd SubPublic Function Connect(robot_app As RobotApplication, add_in_id As Integer,first_time As Boolean) As Boolean Implements IRobotAddIn.ConnectrobotApp = robot_appReturn TrueEnd FunctionPublic Function Disconnect() As Boolean Implements IRobotAddIn.DisconnectrobotApp = NothingReturn TrueEnd FunctionPublic Function GetExpectedVersion() As Double ImplementsIRobotAddIn.GetExpectedVersionReturn 19.0End FunctionPublic Function InstallCommands(cmd_list As RobotCmdList) As Integer Implements IRobotAddIn.InstallCommandscmd_list.[New](1, "Command 1 from AddinVBNet")cmd_list.[New](2, "Command 2 from AddinVBNet")Return cmd_list.CountEnd FunctionEnd Class5. Setting new GUID for IRobotAddIn implementationReplace xxxx.. with new GUID .6. Preparing add-in .dll file to run with Robot Structure Analysis•Create .tlb fileGo to folder where your add-in .dll file is generated (…\MyAddinVBNet\bin\Debug inour example)Run command :c:\Windows\\Framework64\v4.0.30319\regasm.exe /tlb /codebase MyAddinVBNet.dllorc:\Windows\\Framework64\v2.0.50727\RegAsm.exe /tlb/codebase MyAddinVBNet.dll•Add created .tlb library to add-in .dll file:From the File menu \Open\File -> open created add-in .dll file(…\MyAddinVBNet\bin\Debug\MyAddinVBNet.dll in our example) and add created .tlb library to .dll file (right hand mouse click menu).Resource type should be named as TYPELIB.•Change TYPELIB numberChange number to e.g 1.0 using Properties (right hand mouse click menu)•Close Visual Studio and save changes to .dll file7. Registration of created add-in .dll file to enable its visibility in Robot Structure AnalysisRegister add-in .dll file after its locating in target folder on any computer you want it to use as described below:•Open Command Prompt window as Admin•Go to the folder where the add-in .dll file is located and register it by commands:c:\Windows\\Framework64\v4.0.30319\regasm.exe /tlb /codebaseMyAddinVBNet.dllorc:\Windows\\Framework64\v2.0.50727\RegAsm.exe /tlb /codebaseMyAddinVBNet.dll8. Making new option available in Robot Structure Analysis pull down menuStart RSA, select any structure type, then from Add-ins menu start Add-ins Manage and using “…” button show path to add-in .dll file, then press Add button.… a fter closing manager the new option should be available in robot menu as it is showed above.。
【建筑工程管理】建筑词汇中英文对照
中英文对照：建筑专业词汇（1）管理administer; administration; control; manage; management; superintendence; supervision管理报表managerial report管理报表系统managerial report system管理报告managerial report管理报告系统managerial report system管理操作台administrative operator station管理操作系统management operating system; supervisor operation system;supervisory operating system管理操作员administrative operator管理操作员站administrative operator station管理差距management gap管理程序executive program; executive routine; supervisor; supervisory routine; hypervisor; supervisory program管理程序测试supervisor program test管理程序常驻区域supervisor residant area管理程序的例行程序supervisor routine管理程序的试验程序supervisor test program管理程序的组成executive program components管理程序调入supervisor call管理程序调入码supervisor call code管理程序调入指令supervisor call instruction (SVC)管理程序调用命令supervisor call instruction (SVC)管理程序调用命令中断supervisor call interruption管理程序调用命令子程序supervisor call routine管理程序调用中断supervisor call interruption; supervisor call interrupt 管理程序队列区supervisor queue area管理程序方式supervisor mode管理程序仿真supervisory program simulation管理程序封锁supervisor lock管理程序模拟supervisory program simulation管理程序锁supervisor lock管理程序通信区supervisor communication region 管理程序暂驻区supervisor transient area管理程序中断supervisor interrupt管理程序驻留区supervisor resident area管理程序状态supervisor mode; supervisor state 管理处management管理磁盘hyperdisk管理的任务managerial role管理的作用managerial role管理调用程序supervisor call program管理毒品法令decree of management of narcotic drugs管理对策management game管理范围control limit管理方式supervisor mode管理费cost of operation; management cost; management cost; operation cost; overhead charge; management expenses; costs of administration; overhead expenses管理分析management analysis管理分析报告系统management analysis reporting system管理服务management service; supervisor services管理服务程序supervisor services管理覆盖程序supervisor overlay管理工程administrative engineering; management engineering 管理工作handing operation管理工作间隔的约会块session commitment unit管理工作系统management operating system (MOS)管理工作站management work station管理规划及监督management planning and control管理画面supervisory frame管理环境management environment管理会计management accounting管理机supervisor管理机构administrative agency; administrative organization; administration; administrative authorities管理级别supervisory level管理级计算机management leve computer管理寄存器supervisor register管理计划management planning管理计划系统management planning system管理计算management accounting管理计算机supervisory computer管理键盘supervisory keyboard管理经济managerial economics管理局administration管理决策系统management decision system管理科学management science管理科学工作者management scientist管理控制management control; supervisory control管理控制程序supervisor control program管理控制级management control level管理控制盘supervisory control disk管理控制系统management control system; supervisory control 管理框图法control chart method管理例行程序executive routine; supervisory routine管理良好的well-regulated管理能力supervisory capability管理排队区supervisor queue area管理器supervisor管理请求分程序supervisor request block管理人manager管理人员handling crew; managerial staff; superintendent 管理软件management software管理设备supervisory unit管理时间administrative time管理数据management data管理水平control level; level of control管理顺序supervisory sequence管理所control house; control station管理特许指令supervisor-privileged instruction管理通信宏指令supervisor communication macro管理通信区supervisor communication region管理图control chart管理图表control chart管理土壤资源managing soil resources管理维护实用程序management support utility管理系统management system; managerial system; supervisory system管理系统多道程序设计executive system multiprogramming管理信号supervisory signal管理信息administrative information; management information管理信息系统management information system; management operating system 管理信息要求management information requirement管理性数据处理administrative data processing管理序列supervisory sequence管理学模型management science model管理学院school of management管理训练management training管理研究management research管理羊群running sheep管理业务management service; supervisor services; supervisory service 管理因素management factors管理应用程序包management package管理语句语言control statement language管理员administrator; controller管理支持实用程序management support utility管理指令housekeeping instruction; executive instruction管理中继supervisory relay管理终端office terminal管理终端系统administrative terminal system (ATS)管理专业训练软件management training software 管理转接supervisory relay管理状态controlled state管理子程序supervisory routine合同agreement; stipulation; charter; contract合同更改的请求contract change request合同更改建议contract change proposal合同更改通知书contract change notification合同工jobbing work合同工厂contract plant合同规定contractual specifications合同号contract number合同技术要求contract technical requirements (CTR)合同签定日期contract award date合同饲养contract feeding合同谈判contract negotiation合同条款terms of the contract合同项目contract item合同要求requirement建筑build; architecture; construct; architectural; architectural & industrial ceramics建筑安装工程量construction work quantity 建筑板材building board建筑材料表list of building materials建筑材料检验building material testing 建筑材料行building material dealer建筑材料运输列车construction train建筑草图architectural sketch建筑朝向building orientation建筑成本预算construction cost estimate 建筑承包商building contractor建筑尺度architectural scale建筑处理architectural treatment建筑创作architectural creation建筑大五金architectural metalwork建筑大样architectural detail建筑单元building unit建筑费construction cost建筑风格architectural style建筑辅助系统building subsystem建筑钢construction(al) steel建筑钢板building sheet建筑高度building height; height of building建筑高度分区building height zoning; height zoning建筑工程升降机builder's lift建筑工地选择siting建筑工羊角锤头builder's claw hammer head建筑工业building industry; construction industry建筑工种building trades建筑构思architectural conception建筑构图compostion on architecture; architectural composition 建筑构造building construction建筑估价building cost estimate建筑管理architectural control建筑规程building regulations建筑规范building code建筑机械construction machinery; building machinery建筑及维护规则recommendation建筑结构building structure建筑结构分析语言structural engineering system solver (STRESS) 建筑立面elevation of building; building elevation建筑沥青bitumen for building; building asphalt No. 10建筑力学architectural mechanics建筑铝型材生产线architectural aluminium profile production line 建筑毛面积gross floor area建筑毛造价gross building cost建筑面积area of structure; covered area建筑面积比floor-area ratio (F.A.R.)建筑面积指标floor-space index (F.S.I.)建筑模数building module建筑配景entourage of building建筑平面architectural plane; building plane建筑起重机building crane; construction-site crane 建筑砌块building block建筑气候分区climate region of building建筑青铜architectural bronze建筑青铜合金architectural bronze建筑声学architectural acoustics建筑石paring stone建筑石料building stone建筑时期观念construction period concept建筑史architectural history; history of architecture 建筑收进线building setback line建筑陶板architectural terra-cotta (ATC)建筑陶瓷architectural pottery建筑特色architectural feature建筑体积architectural volume; cubage建筑体积计算cubing建筑体系building system建筑体形building size建筑透视architectural perspective建筑外壳building shell建筑外形architectural appearance建筑物building; structure建筑物保险building insurance建筑物朝向direction of building建筑物基础building foundation建筑物间距distance between buildings建筑物理architectural physics; building physics 建筑物缺隐building deficiency建筑物入口building entrance建筑物租约building lease建筑现场construction建筑限制building restriction建筑限制线building restiction line建筑效果architectural effect建筑型钢轧机机座structural stand建筑型式type of construction; architectural form 建筑遗产architectural heritage建筑艺术architectural art建筑艺术处理artistic treatment in architecture; architectural treatment建筑艺术形式artistic form of architecture建筑用地building lot; building site; lot建筑用地规划plot planning; block planning建筑用钢铁constructional iron建筑用黄铜architectural brass建筑用木材building timber建筑用提升机service-building elevator建筑原理architectonics; architectural principle建筑造型艺术art of architectural modelling建筑占地系数coefficient of land used for buildings建筑障碍architectural barriers建筑照明architectural lighting建筑折旧准备buildings depreciation reserve建筑哲理architectural philosophy建筑柱式architectural orders; orders of architecture建筑装饰architectural decoration; architectural ornament建筑装饰彩釉砂涂料colour-glazed sand paint for building decoration 建筑装饰学architectural decoration建筑装修五金architectural metalwork建筑自动化building automation建筑自重structural weight per square meter建筑渲染architectural rendering; rendu进度progress; tempo进度安排scheduling进度报表progress report; progress sheet进度报告制度progress reporting system进度工作日程progress schedule进度估计progress estimate进度管理progress control; schedule control 进度计划scheduled plan进度计划安排scheduling进度计划表schedule diagram进度计划明细表detailed schedule进度计划总表master schedule进度检查follow-up进度控制schedule control; progress control进度时间表process schedule进度图progress chart; progress map进度维护scheduled maintenance进度照片photographs of progress施工construct; execution; construction; execution of works施工安装图construction and erection drawing施工安装用的机械及工具machines and tools for construction and erection 施工标桩construction stake施工布置图construction plan施工步骤construction procedure; construction steps施工测量construction survey施工程序construction program; execution programme for works施工程序网络图project network施工贷款construction loan施工单位construction organization; builder施工道路construction road施工地点job location施工吊车construction hoist施工定额construction norm施工队construction team施工方法job practice施工方式form of construction work施工费用construction cost施工缝construction joint施工工程construction work施工工程师construction engineer; operating engineer 施工工程学construction engineering施工工期construction period施工工种construction trade施工规模scope of construction item; size of construction施工荷载construction loads; working load施工合同construction contract施工机械construction machinery施工机械费cost of constructor's mechanical plant施工机械化mechanization of building operation; mechanization of construction施工机械化系数coefficient of construction mechanization施工技术财务计划financial plan for construction technology施工计划construction plan; construction program(me)施工监督supervision of construction; supervision; monitoring施工检查inspection of construction施工检查员construction inspector施工阶段construction stage; construction phase施工进度construction progress施工进度表schedule of construction; schedule of operations; work-schedule 施工进度计划detailed construction schedule; construction schedule施工经济学construction economics施工经理construction manager施工经验construction experience施工卷扬机builder's hoist; builder's winch施工临时螺栓construction bolt施工流水作业法construction streamline method 施工面积floor space under construction施工平面图construction plan施工期construction period施工起重机construction hoist施工企业construction enterprises施工前阶段preconstruction stage施工区construction area施工缺陷constructional deficiency施工设备plant for construction; construction equipment施工设计detail design; detailed engineering施工水平仪builder's level施工说明general des cription of construction施工说明书construction specifications施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计阶段construction documents design phase; construction documents phase施工图预算working drawing estimate施工文件construction documents (包括施工图及说明)施工现场fabricating yard; job location施工详图detail of construction; construction detail; working drawing 施工项目project under construction; construction item施工项目编号construction item reference number施工效率efficiency of construction施工性能workability施工许可证builder's licence施工验收技术规范technical code for work and acceptance施工依据manufacture bases施工营业执照builder's licence施工预算construction estimate施工执照building permit施工准备preliminary work for construction; preparations for construction 施工准备计划preparatory plan施工总平面图overall construction site plan施工总则general conditions of construction施工组织设计construction management plan施工作业计划work element construction program现场field engineering; job site; site; scene (FE)现场安装field mounted (FM)现场安装工作on-site installation work现场安装和维修条件installation and maintenance conditions at field 现场安装螺栓field bolting; field bolt现场安装容器field assembly of vessels现场操作规范field-work standards现场抽查spot checking现场淬火field quenching现场存货field warehousing现场的local现场电视监测生产法television-monitored production现场调查field investigation; field survey; spot investigation; field method; spot survey; (spot) field investigation现场调查设计field survey design现场调查员field worker现场调度spot dispatch现场发泡foam-in-place现场仿真field simulation现场访问facility visit现场工作field work现场管理field management; worksite management现场灌注球基桩franki pile现场焊接field weld; site weld; site welding; field welding 现场核查on-site verification现场核数员field auditor现场计数field enumeration现场计算field calculation现场记录record on spot现场加工field processing现场检查on-site inspection; on-spot check; spot checking现场检验field inspection; on-site inspection; floor inspection; spot inspection 现场交货delivery on the spot; ex works现场交货价格ex point of origin现场交通site traffic现场浇铸cast-in-place现场浇筑cast in situs现场接线field connection现场经纪floor broker; pit broker现场决标award at tender opening现场勘测site survey现场勘察on-the-spot investigation现场可变只读存储器field alterable ROM 现场可更换部件field-replaceable unit 现场客floor trader现场控制台field control station现场联结field connection现场录音live recording现场铆钉对接接头site riveted butt joint 现场铆接field rivet(t)ing; site rivet(ing) 现场配料field mix现场平衡法field balancing technique 现场清洗in-place cleaning现场人员训练field personnel training 现场摄像机field camera; live camera现场设备field apparatus现场生产性能测定on-farm performance 现场实习workshop practice现场实验field experiment现场使用field service; field usage现场使用可靠性on-the-job dependability现场试验field experiment; field test; field investigation; field trial; site test; site trial; on-the-spot experiment现场试验程序field test procedures现场手册field manual现场数据field data现场栓接field bolted现场踏勘reconnaissance trip现场统计field statistics现场维修field maintenance; on-site repair 现场修理current repair; spot repair现场研究field study现场以外的训练vestibule training现场用压缩机field service compressor现场制造field manufacturing现场制作field fabrication; fabrication on site 现场装配field connection现场组装field assembly现场总线fieldbus现场可替换单元LRU [现场的on-site [现场冷却spot cooling [现场冷却；局部冷却spot cooling项目subject of entry; item项目报告project paper项目编制阶段project preparation phase项目标记project mark项目财务估价project financial evaluation项目采购project purchasing项目成本project cost; item cost项目筹备融通资金project preparation facility (PPF)项目贷款project finance; project-financing loan; project loan 项目单menu项目的拟订project formulation项目的所有者owner of the project项目的总投标价值total tender value of project项目发展周期project development cycle项目范围scope of project项目方案project alternatives项目分隔符item separation symbol项目分类classification of items项目分配allocation of items项目分析item analysis项目工程师project engineer项目工程师负责制project engineer system项目管理project management项目管理人project manager项目号item number项目核对法check list (市场调查技术之一)项目核准权projects approval authority项目后评价post project evaluation项目后评价和后继行动post project evaluation and followup 项目划分segregation of items项目化组织projectized organization项目环境生态评价environmental appraisal of a project 项目货款额度project line项目技术评价project technology evaluation项目计划project plan项目计划设计图project planning chart项目记录item record项目加权item weighting项目检验回归曲线item-test regression curve项目建设费用cost of project implementation项目建设进度表project implementation scheduling项目建议书proposals for the projects项目经济估价project economic evaluation; economic evaluation of a project项目经理project manager项目矩阵组织project matrix organization项目控制project control项目块entry block项目历史history of project项目目标管理project management by objectives项目拟订project formulation项目匹配法matching item项目评估project appraisal; project evaluation项目评估法Project Evaluation and Review Technique项目企业经济评价enterprise's economic appraisal of a project 项目删除deletion of items项目上端item top项目社会评价project's social value appraisal项目设备project equipment项目设计item design项目设计工程师负责制project engineer responsibility system 项目生产project production项目说明item des cription项目说明书specification of an item项目投资时期investment phase of a project项目图与布置图project charts and layouts项目网络法project network technique项目网络分析project network analysis项目文件item file项目小组project group; project team organiztion 项目行item line项目修理通知单item repairing order项目选择project selection项目训练法project training项目研究编目item study listing项目研究小组project team项目一次采购法project purchasing项目一览表itemized schedule项目预算program budget; project budget项目预算编制program budgeting项目政治评价political appraisal of a project项目支助业务project supporting services项目执行project implementation项目执行情况审计报告project performance audity report (PPAR) 项目指标project indicators项目转移item advance项目资金筹措project financing质量grade; mass; quality; qualitative properties; mass (物理用语)质量百分比mass percent质量半径关系mass-radius relation质量保持率quality retention质量保证quality assurance质量保证技术出版物quality assurance technical publications 质量保证计划quality control system质量保证控制程序quality assurance operating procedure质量保证手册quality control (assurrance) manual。
Cell Viability Analysis说明书
Cell V iability A nalysis u sing C alcein A M, P ropidium I odide a nd H oechstOvernightVariable 30 m in.10 m in5 m in.30 m inExperimental S etupMaterials:•A549 C ells•A549 g rowth m edia: E MEM + 10% F BS + 1% N EAA + 1% G lutaMax •Calcein A M, 20 x 50 µg (Life T echnologies, C at# C 3100MP)•Propidium I odide, 1 m g/mL s olution i n w ater (Life T echnologies, C at# P 3566)•Hoechst 33342, 10 m g⁄mL s olution i n w ater (Life T echnologies, C at# H 3570)•DMSO•Greiner 96-‐well p late C at# 655090Protocol:1.Reconstitute C alcein A M b y a dding 50.2 μl o f D MSO i n o ne o f t he 50 µg v ial o f l yophilized C alcein A M.This w ill r esults i n a 1 m M C alcein A M s olution.2.Seed 8000-‐10000 c ells/well i n 96-‐well p late i n a f inal v olume o f 100 μl/well.3.Incubate c ells o vernight a t 5% C O2, 37 ° C.Seed cellsTreat w ith d rugAdd L ive, D ead and T otal D yesImage o n C eligoAnalyze c ell imagesProduce g raphs and d ataApplication Cell v iability a nalysis u sing C alcein A M, P ropidium I odide a nd H oechst o n A 549 c ells. DescriptionThis p rotocol d escribes t he a nalysis o f c ell v iability o n A 549 c ells u sing C alcein A M a s a measure o f e nzymatic a ctivity i n l ive c ells, P ropidium I odide a s a m easure o f d ead c ells with c ompromised m embrane i ntegrity a nd H oechst a s a m arker f or a ll n ucleated c ells. The a pplication r eports t he c ounts a nd p ercentages o f l ive, d ead a nd t otal n umbers o f cells.Celigo A pplication Cell V iability (Live + D ead + T otal).Plate T ype Greiner c at# 655090 b lack w all c lear b ottom 96-‐well P late.Major StepsDay 1 Day 24.In t he e xample p rotocol p rovided h ere, w e u se h ydrogen p eroxide t o i nduce c ell d eath. B elow i s t heplate m ap f or h ydrogen p eroxide c oncentration. C oncentration s hould b e a djusted f or a ny o ther d rug.Skip t o p aragraph 6 i f u sing a d ifferent d rug o r p late m ap.5.The a ppropriate w ell c oncentrations w ere o btained b y p reparing a 2x c oncentration o f t he d ilutioncurve a s 100 μl o f d rug w ill b e a dded t o 100 μl o f m edia i n t he w ells. D ilution s teps w ere o btained a sfollow:a.Prepare a 1M s olution o f h ydrogen p eroxide b y a dding 500 μl o f 3% h ydrogen p eroxide t o4.4 m L o f w ater.b.Prepare a 100 m M s olution o f h ydrogen p eroxide b y a dding 400 μl f rom t he p revious s tep t o3.6 m L o f c ulture m edia.ing a s eries o f 12 t ubes, p repare a s erial d ilution b y d iluting h ydrogen p eroxide i n m ediaaccording t o t he f ollowing t able.6.Drug c ompound t reatmenta.Add 100 μl o f c ompound a t 2x d esired f inal c oncentration.b.After d esired t reatment t ime (4 h ours f or h ydrogen p eroxide), w ash w ells w ith m edia t wice a ndleave 100 μl v olume i n w ells.7.Prepare C alcein A M, P ropidium I odide a nd H oechst m ixed d ye s olution.a.12 m L o f m ixed d yes s olution i s r equired f or s taining a ll t he w ells o f a 96-‐well p late. A djustaccordingly i f n ot a ll w ells a re s tained.e t he f ollowing d ilution t able t o p repare t he m ixed d ye s olutionDyeStockconcentrationRecommendedconcentrationRecommendeddilution f actorVolume t o a ddto 12 m LmediaConcentrationrange f or o thercell t ypesCalcein A M 1 m M 1 μM 1000x 12 μl 0.1 – 10 μMPropidiumIodide 1 m g/mL 2 μg/mL 500x 24 μl 0.1 – 5 μg/mL Hoechst 33342 10 m g/mL 5 μg/mL 2000x 6 μl 1 – 10 μg/mLc.Remove m edia f rom a ll w ells a nd a dd 100 μl o f m ixed d yes s olutiond.Incubate c ells f or 30 m in a t 5% C O2, 37 °C.e.Wash w ells w ith m edia t wice a nd l eave 100 μl v olume i n w ells.f.As c ells a re l ive i n t he w ells, t he p late s hould b e i maged i mmediately o n t he C eligo.Celigo S etupStart T ab:1.Create a n ew s can a nd n ame f ile a ppropriately.2.If e xperimental s ettings h ad b een p reviously o ptimized t hen s elect t hese t o b e u sed.Scan T ab:1.Select C eligo A pplication: C ell V iability (live + D ead + T otal).2.Setup L ive C hannela.Select G reen i llumination f or C alcein A M s tain.b.Exposure t ime s hould b e a round 10,000 μs (Gain 0).3.Setup D ead C hannela.Select R ed i llumination f or P ropidium I odide s tain.b.Exposure t ime s hould b e a round 40,000 μs (Gain 0).4.Setup T otal C hannela.Select B lue i llumination f or H oechst s tain.b.Exposure t ime s hould b e a round 100,000 μs (Gain 0).5. Register H ardware a utofocus u sing t he B lue / H oechst c hannel.6. Switch t o G reen / C alcein A M c hannel, “Find f ocus” a nd “Set O ffset”.7. Switch t o R ed / P ropidium I odide c hannel, “Find f ocus” a nd “Set O ffset”.8.Select w ells t o a cquire a nd “Start S can”.Analyze T ab:The C eligo C ell V iability a pplication s egments a ll t hree f luorescent c hannels. F luorescent o bjects w ill b e identified i n e ach c hannel. G reen a nd R ed o bjects (for l ive a nd d ead c ells) w ill b e c ounted o nly i f t hey a re super-‐imposed w ith a b lue f luorescent o bject (for n uclear s tain). T herefore, s egmented g reen a nd r ed objects (such a s f luorescent d ebris) n ot a ssociated w ith a b lue n ucleus w ill b e r ejected f rom t he a nalysis.1. Select “Well M ask” a nd “Automatic” t o e xclude t he o uter p art o f t he w ell.2. Select “Fluorescence” a lgorithm f or a ll 3 c hannels.3. Adjust t he “Intensity T hreshold” t o e nsure p roper i dentification o f t he n ucleus. D efault v alue o f “4”with “High P recision” w orks w ell f or m ost f luorescent s tains. V alues o f “2” t o “3” c an b e u sed f or dimmer s amples.4. Keep t he “Cell D iameter” b etween “8” a nd “10”.5. Select “Separate T ouching O bjects” i n t he T otal c hannel t o e nsure p roper s eparation o f n uclei i nclose p roximity.Live Dead TotalLive Dead Total6. Expected S egmentation:a. Use t he “Image D isplay” a nd “Graphic O verlay” c ontrols t o v isualize s egmentation.b. Typical i mages a nd f luorescent o bjects i dentification s hould l ook a s f ollow:I m a g e sS e g m e n t a t i o nLive Dead Total7. Select w ells t o a nalyze a nd “Start A nalyze”.Gate T ab:The C ell v iability a pplication d oes n ot u se g ating. I nstead, q uantification o f l ive a nd d ead c ells i s p re-‐defined in t he a pplication a nd a vailable d irectly i n t he R esult T ab.Result T ab:1. Typical R esults f or t he p ercentage o f l ive c ells.Hydrogen P eroxide (12 m M)Control – N o T reatmentHydrogen P eroxide C onc. R esponseLive + D ead + T otal Segmentation O verlaysLive c ell w ith g reen o verlay s uper-‐imposing a b lue n ucleus o verlay Dead c ell w ith r ed o verlay s uper-‐imposing a b lue n ucleus o verlay Green o verlay d ismissed f rom a nalysis because n ot s uper-‐imposing a b lue nucleus o verlayRed o verlay d ismissed f rom a nalysis because n ot s uper-‐imposing a b lue nucleus o verlayData A nalysisThe e xample p rovided i n t his p rotocol u ses A 549 c ells t reated w ith a c oncentration r esponse c urve o f h ydrogen peroxide, a n i nducer o f c ell d eath. A s h ydrogen p eroxide c oncentration i ncreases, w e e xpect t o a d ecrease o f the p ercentage o f l ive c ells a nd a n i ncrease p ercentage o f d ead c ells.Data E xport1. Export t he d ata b y s electing “Export W ell-‐Level D ata”2. Save t he “.csv” f ile t o y our d esktop.3. Open t he f ile w ith M icrosoft E xcel.4. The d ata i s o rganized a ccording t o t he p late m ap f or e ach o f l ive a nd d ead c ells c lasses.Graphing1. Generate a “Scatter p lot” u sing M icrosoft E xcel u sing t he d rug c oncentration f or t he X -‐axis a nd 2series f or t he l ive a nd d ead c ells. I n t his e xample, t he a verage o f 4 d ata p oints w ere p lotted. 2. You s hould e xpect t he f ollowing r esults:% L ive 123456789101112A 86.92%90.05%90.93%94.20%92.86%91.73%0.10%0.02%0.04%0.07%0.03%0.00%B 95.30%97.64%95.07%95.69%96.80%96.68%0.38%0.27%0.29%0.13%0.23%0.04%C 95.61%96.69%95.89%96.54%97.51%97.42%0.32%0.60%0.48%0.27%0.28%0.12%D 96.62%97.89%96.10%98.13%97.79%97.59%0.23%0.19%0.32%0.18%0.12%0.07%E 0.02%0.95% 2.21% 4.31%8.40%80.73%97.26%97.94%97.27%92.94%93.37%95.46%F 0.04%0.57% 1.75% 3.77%8.54%82.48%97.52%97.70%96.77%90.97%94.21%95.11%G 0.08%0.59% 1.58%7.89%72.01%96.78%97.85%97.52%84.33%79.70%86.01%94.15%H 0.01%0.17%0.90% 1.93%15.78%54.26%97.22%97.73%87.77%86.77%83.21%95.14%% D ead 123456789101112A 1.05% 1.05% 1.19% 1.47% 1.57% 1.44%81.08%80.68%79.42%79.08%80.68%78.34%B 1.11% 1.18% 1.33% 1.33% 1.10% 1.18%74.68%76.62%77.77%74.93%77.09%78.48%C 1.01%0.89%0.84% 1.20% 1.36% 1.50%71.45%72.90%70.81%72.09%75.67%79.03%D 0.97%0.92% 1.14% 1.06% 1.19%0.93%67.78%72.30%72.66%71.54%75.25%80.36%E 80.55%81.84%87.48%88.49%86.34%17.13% 1.61% 2.19% 1.83% 1.49% 1.17% 1.13%F 78.30%81.28%86.58%89.36%86.27%15.85% 1.95% 1.86% 1.16%0.94% 1.03%0.79%G 84.44%88.56%91.97%86.97%22.62% 1.39% 1.43% 1.64% 1.03%0.76%0.94%0.88%H82.50%86.32%87.84%92.38%78.13%39.31%2.90%2.61%1.57%0.77%1.10%1.10%0%20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 110 P e r c e n t a g e o f T o t a lHydrogen P eroxide (mM)Live a nd D ead p ercentages o f A 549 c ells t reatedwith H ydrogen P eroxide% L ive % D eadVariations o f t he C eligo C ell V iability a pplicationThree o ther v ariants o f t he C ell V iability a pplication e xist i n t he C eligo s oftware. A ll t hree o f t hem a re2 c hannels a pplications r epresenting a s ubset o f t he3 c hannel p rotocol d escribe h ere. I n t his v ariants, t hesettings f or t he L ive, D ead a nd T otal c hannels r emain t he i dentical t o t he 3 c hannels a pplication.Additionally, t he T otal c hannel c an b e c hanged f rom u sing a b lue n uclear d ye t o b rightfield w here t he c ells can a lso b e c ounted. T he f ollowing t able p rovides d etails f or e ach a pplication.Cell V iabilityLive c hannel Dead C hannel Total C hannel Application o utputs ApplicationLive + D ead + T otal Green Red Blue o r B rightfield % L ive, % D ead, T otal c ounts Live + T otal Green Not A vailable Blue o r B rightfield % L ive, T otal c ountsDead + T otal Not A vailable Red Blue o r B rightfield % D ead, T otal c ountsLive + D ead Green Red Not A vailable % L ive, % D ead, T otal c ountsNote: A dditional o utputs a re r eported b y t he C ell V iability a pplication. R efer t o C ell V iability u ser g uide f or a c omplete l istof o utputs.Reference•Chen H Y, Y ang Y M, S tevens B M, N oble M. E MBO M ol. M ed (2013). I nhibition o f r edox/Fyn/c-‐Cbl pathway f unction b y C dc42 c ontrols t umour i nitiation c apacity a nd t amoxifen s ensitivity i n b asal-‐like breast c ancer c ells.。
德国肖特全自动电位滴定仪TL alpha plus中文操作手册
1
安装
1.1 拆包
仪器出厂前都经过功能和组件的验收，请打开包装时仔细对照装箱单，以免有一些小的组件忘记出来。
1.1.1
安装支杆
对比底部的 螺帽孔 ，旋紧螺帽，即可安装完成
Fig. 2
1.1.2
连接磁力搅拌器.
TM 135磁力搅拌器 与支杆下面的衬板连接，并用连接线与主机相连，磁力搅拌器的速度可通过上面的旋 钮来进行调节。.
3.1 3.2 A电极接口 .................................................................................... ................................................6 B电极接口 .................................................................................... ................................................6
1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 和12 仅出现在整机中
1.3
更换交换单元
安装交换单元：仅需握住交换单元，沿着机器上部的轨道，轻轻滑入即可，在锁定之后会听到锁定扳动的声音。 同时，交换单元的信息也会在主机上显示 卸下交换单元：在卸下交换单元之前，请先对填充管进行一次填充，然后按下旁边的解锁按钮，轻轻滑出交换单 元，此时会有电子提示音，并且屏幕上显示<<--->>
Operating Instructions 全自动电位滴定仪
Titration Unit TitroLine alpha plu........................................ ................. .........................................................1
建筑英语
1. acoustic design of auditorium 厅堂音质设计2. architectural ensemble 城市建筑群3. boulevard 林荫道（美）4. curtain wall 幕墙5. floor finishing 地面6. green wedge 楔形绿地7. earth construction 生土建筑8. electro-magnetic shielding in builing 建筑电磁屏蔽9. conurbation 城镇积聚区10.broadacre city 广亩城市11. insulation against air-borne sound 空气声隔声12. hollow bond wall 空斗墙13. building complex 综合体建筑14. modular co-ordination in building 建筑模数协调15. aseismic construction 建筑防震16. auditorium balcony 观众厅挑台17. baroque architecture 巴洛克建筑18. eclectic architecture 折衷主义建筑19. habitable space standard 居住面积标准20. illumination on building facade 建筑夜景照明21. light steel construction 轻型钢结构建筑22. building line 建筑红线23. bundle-structure construction 筒体结构建筑24. classical architectural order 古典柱式25. column-and-tie construction 穿斗式构架26. corbel 叠涩（以砖或石料层层向外出跳跨空的砌筑方法，也指用此法砌筑成的构件）27. damp-proofing for outer envelope 外围护结构防潮29. daylight calculation 采光计算30. decorated wall 花墙31. deformation joint 变形缝32. ekistics 人类聚居学33. entourage 建筑环境设计34. flower bed 花坛35. functionalism architecture 功能主义建筑36. habitable space standard 居住面积标准37. high-rise 高层建筑38. housing estate 居住小区39. intercities traffic 城市对外交通41. post-and-lintel construction 抬梁式构架42. prefabreicated construction 装配式建筑43. quota for public open space 城市公共绿地定额44. radiation-proof in building 建筑辐射防护45. ramp 坡道46. revetment in garden 园林驳岸47. scaffolding 搭材作48. simulated boat 舫49. social amenity 生活服务设施50. solar building 太阳能建筑（注：这是美国建筑师F.L.赖特在20世纪30年代提出的城市规划，他认为随着汽车和电力工业的发展，未来城市将以分散为原则。
Unit 8检测2022-2023学年冀教版八年级英语上册
八上2022-2023学年Unit 8检测一．单项选择（每题1分，共10分）()1. Linda’s voice makes her_______. It sounds really sweet.A.stupidB. weakC. smartD. unique()2. We go to school every day ________ weekends.A.withB. besideC. exceptD. besides()3.---I feel a little nervous because of the test. ---Take it easy. Believe in_______.A.youB. yourC. yourselfD. yours()4.Linda has a _______for music so she plays the piano very well.A.talentB. imaginationC. speedD. choice()5. The score was 37 _______40. We lost the game.A.toB. withC.onD. against()6. ---When will you_______to Greece? ---I’m not sure. Maybe next month.A.tradeB. supposeC. returnD. continue()7. _______can break the rules, or we will punish him.A.SomebodyB. EverybodyC. NobodyD. Anybody()8. I noticed my cousin _________ with his new toys when I got home.A.playB. playsC. playingD. played()9. ---Don’t ask me any personal questions, OK?---Sorry. I _______.A.don’tB. won’tC. didn’tD. haven’t()10. ---It’s kind of you to take care of my baby. ---_______.A.CertainlyB. I agree with youB.It’s my pleasure D. Just so so二．完形填空At my primary school, I was one of the smartest kids there. I never studied hard, but I always got near-perfect 51._____ on all my tests. I was a child genius(天才), at least in my mind. I was also 52.____ music and sports. I was sure that once I got to the seventh grade, everyone including my teachers would be 53._____. But actually they weren’t. When I arrived at my new class, it seemed that there was always someone else who could do 54.____ than me. My grades got worse and I needed to study hard for my tests. I believed I wasn’t smart. I believed I wasn’t talented. I believed I 55._____.Over the next two years, I had to work very hard for everything. Grades were still very low but gradually(逐渐地) 56.____. I worked really hard but I was still never the best at everything.But do I really have to be the best at everything? When I did wrong, I felt upset and 57._______. In fact, when I did badly on a test, my classmates would never 58._____me.59.______ is perfect. There will probably always be someone better than me at something. MaybeI will never be the number one at everything, 60._____ it’s really okay.( ) 51. A. rooms B. scores C. persons D. places( ) 52. A. busy with B. bad at C. good at D. think of( ) 53. A. amazed B. sacred C. bored D. excited( ) 54. A. better B. easier C. slower D. faster( ) 55. A. passed B. failed C. relaxed D. won( ) 56. A. improving B. fighting C. reporting D. moving( ) 57. A. developed B. excited C. embarrassed D. happy( ) 58. A. help with B. laugh at C. learn from D. smile at( ) 59. A. Nobody B. Everyone C. Someone D. Anybody( ) 60. A. or B. but C. because D. so三．阅读理解AEvery living thing needs to reproduce. Reproducing means creating more members of your group. In order for plants to reproduce, they have to spread（传播）their seeds(种子) to other areas. Plants have developed all kinds of ways to do this.The simplest way is gravity. Many seeds are inside of fruit. When a piece of fruit gets too heavy, it falls from a tree to the ground. Sometimes animals will pick up the fruit and drop it in another area. That helps move the seed even farther away. Apples spread this way.Other plants use wind to spread their seeds. Dandelions(蒲公英) are a good example of this. Dandelion seeds are so light that when wind blows, it carries dandelion seeds to new places. Maple (枫树) seeds also use wind. Their seeds are connected with long, thin leaves that look like wings. When the seed falls from the tree, its “wings” help it fly farther from the tree.Some animals help plants spread their seeds. The animals eat the seeds. While the seed is in the animal’s body, it stays whole. When the seed leaves the animal, it’s in a new place.Ants also help spread seeds. Some seeds have a special smell that attracts ants. The ants bring the seeds back to their home, which of course is underground. They only eat part of the seed. They leave the rest of the seed underground. After that, the seed can start growing.( )1.What does the underlined word “gravity” mean in the second paragraph？A.The action that makes animals drop seeds.B.The help that moves seeds even farther away.C.The need that comes from animals and plants.D.The force that causes fruit to fall to the ground.( )2.How do maples spread their seeds?A. They use ants.B. They use wind.C. They use smells.D. They use animals. ( )3. What do ants do to help spread seeds？a.They only eat part of the seed.b.They help seeds fall from the tree.c.They carry seeds to the underground home.d.They pick up the fruit and move it far away.e.They leave the rest of the seed underground.A. b，d，eB.a，b，dC.a，c，eD.b，c，d( )4. What is the theme(主题) of the text？A.Nature.B.Culture.cation.D.Science.( )5. What’s the best title for the text？A.How Plants Spread Seeds？B.Why Animals Pick Up Seeds？C.How Wind Helps Seeds Spread？D.Why Seeds Have a Special Trip？BThe oil paper umbrella is a traditional（传统的）Chinese handicraft（手工艺品）．It has a history of over 1,000 years in China．In early Tang Dynasty，it was brought to Japan and Korea,so it was called the “Tang Umbrella”. Later oil paper umbrellas were brought to some other countries, such as Vietnam, Thailand and Laos，and each had its own style. However，as steel-ribbed（钢骨的）umbrellas came out in the last century，the hand-made oil paper umbrellas became less used in daily life.They were turned into handicrafts for decorating things.Yuhang in Hangzhou is famous for making oil paper umbrellas for more than 230 years．They are mainly made of paper，bamboo，a coating（涂层）of Tung oil. They need to take more than 70 steps to make，including making bamboo ribs，pasting（粘贴）paper and choosing painting designs．It takes at least a week to make per umbrella. In 2008，these umbrellas were added to Intangible CulturalHeritage List（非物质文化遗产名录）of China．A young man called Liu Weixue learned the traditional art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas from his grandfather. “I want to bring the art to life.” Liu said. He made the umbrellas better to meet the needs of young people. As the traditional paper was easy to break, he started to use a kind of thicker paper. In a test, his umbrellas were opened and closed for 1,000 times without breaking. He used a kind of lighter bamboo to make the umbrellas weigh less.Now Liu hopes the art can be passed on. He goes to local schools to teach students. He also takes part in activities in different places to show the art to more people.( )6.What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A.The history of oil paper umbrellas.B.The styles of oil paper umbrellas.C.The design of oil paper umbrellas.D.The ways of using oil paper umbrellas. ( )7.What is an oil paper umbrella mainly made of according to the passage?A.Wool,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.B.Plastic,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.C. paper,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil.D.Leather,bamboo and a coating of Tung oil. ( )8.Why did Liu Weixue learn the art of making Yuhang oil paper umbrellas?A. Because he couldn’t find a better job.B. Because he wanted to bring the art to life.C. Because young people liked the fashion.D.Because his grandfather told him to learn. ( )9.From the article,we can know that________.A.people don’t use oil paper umbrellas anymoreB.the oil paper umbrella has a history of 230 yearsC. oil paper umbrellas are popular with young people nowD. the things people use to make oil paper umbrellas are changing( )10.Which part of a magazine is the passage probably from?A.Culture.B. Medicine.C. Music.D. Sports.四．任务型阅读Almost everyone is learning English, but most people can’t study it well enough to use it. How do we study English? Here are some ideas to help you learn the English language well.★Speak without fear(恐惧)For most people, the biggest problem in learning a new language is their own fear. They worry that they won’t say things correctly or that they will look silly, so they don’t talk at all. Don’t do this. If you want to be successful, you must practice speaking it again and again until you get it right. Don’t let your fear stop you learning English.★Surround yourself with EnglishSurround yourself with English. Put English books around your room, listen to English-language radio, watch English news, English movies and so on. Speak English with your friends whenever you can. The more English materials(材料) that you have around you, the faster you will learn.★Study as often as possibleAs long as you have some free time, you should try to look at something about English.★Do exercises and take testsMany people think that exercises and tests aren’t very interesting. However, by finishing exercises and taking tests you can really make your English better.★Record(记录) yourselfNobody likes to hear their own voice on tape but it is good to find the difference between your English and tape.46题完成句子;47-48题简略回答问题;49题找出并写下全文的主题句;50题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
gcims分析流程
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重庆市沙坪坝区树人小学小学英语六年级上册期末试卷含答案
重庆市沙坪坝区树人小学小学英语六年级上册期末试卷含答案1．There’s some water on the floor. The sign over there means “______”. ( ) A．Wet floor B．No parking C．No smoking 2．We are talking about our plans ______ the weekend. ( )A．to B．of C．for3．There is a lot of ________ in the river. ( )A．fishes B．bottles C．water4．I’m going to watch a film _______. ( )A．yesterday B．last weekend C．tomorrow D．now 5．Does the sign _______ ‘No _______’? ( )A．say; writing B．says; write C．says; writing D．say; write 6．Christmas Day is_______ 25th December. ( )A．in B．at C．on D．for 7．Can you show us ________ your new clothes? ( )A．about B．to C．/8．Did he _______ fishing three days ago? ( )A．went B．going C．go D．goes 9．Earth Day is on ______. ( )A．22nd May B．5th June C．22nd April 10．We can ______ paper to make a box. ( )A．reuse B．waste C．cut11．It's sometimes ________ in summer there. It ________ yesterday. ( ) A．rainy; rained B．rainy; rains C．rains; rainy 12．Which intonation of the sentence is wrong? ( )A．Do you throw rubbish on the floor? ↗B．Please pick an orange for me. ↘C．What do you usually do at weekends? ↗D．I want some apples from the tree. ↘13．—Children's Day is coming. What _______ you _______ do? ( )—I want to have a party and I can't wait.A．are; going to B．do; do C．did; do D．are; doing 14．Earth Day is on ______. ( )A．23rd April B．22nd April C．22nd June 15．—Can you see the sign? Please _______ talk here. ( )—I’m sorry.A．don’t B．didn’t C．doesn’t二、用单词适当形式填空16．Water is ______ (use ). We shouldn’t waste water.17．We ______ (make) cakes tomorrow.18．Rubbish _______ (make) the river dirty.19．________ (save) water, we can _________ (reuse) water ________ (water) trees. 20．Mike _____ (not like) fruit two years ago.21．Dirty smoke _____ (make) our home dirty.22．We _______ (buy) some new clothes tomorrow afternoon.23．We can use water ______ (clean) things in our life.24．—Is it often __________ (rain) in summer there?—Yes, there's a lot of rain.25．I ______ (take) a lot of pictures at the party next week.26．What can we do ______ (keep) our classroom clean?27．Five years ago, Tom ______ (cannot) write, but now he can.28．Black smoke from ______ (factory) makes the air dirty.29．What ______ (do) the sign mean?30．The sign over there ______ (mean) "No ______ (smoke)".三、完成句子31．Rubbish makes the streets ______________ (又脏又乱).32．______ (在大年初一), my family and I usually watch a lion dance.33．Many years ago, Mike’ s grandpa r______ newspaper.34．The weather b______ sunny just now. Let’s go climbing, Tom.35．We can read n______ for news. We can also read with e-books.36．It’s my _________ (机会) to tell a story.37．The Earth is our home. We should p_______ it.38．They are the children of your son or daughter. They’re your g_________.39．Water is _____ (有用的), we should _____ (节约) water.40．In the afternoon, it ________ (变成) windy and ________ (cloud). We flew kites happily.四、完形填空41．My uncle Tom is a manager (经理) of a hotel. Next week, he ____41_____ a three-day holiday. He is going to take a trip. He ____42_____ like cars, so he is going to travel ____43_____ train. On the first day, he’s going to England ____44_____ he likes English culture (文化). And he’s going to ____45_____ in a friend’s home. On the second day, he’s going to visit London and do some____46_____ there. He’s going to a theatre(剧院) to ____47_____ the opera. In the evening, he is going to a pub to have a ____48_____ with his friends. On the last day, he’s going to the beach and ____49_____ the sun there. When he comes back, he will buy ____50_____ a present .I’m looking forward (期待) to that.41、A．takes B．is going to take C．take D．took42、A．doesn’t B．isn’t C．don’t D．didn’t43、A．by B．in C．on D．at44、A．so B．because C．but D．and45、A．live B．stay C．go D．come46、A．sightseeingB．reading C．cooking D．cleaning47、A．look B．watch C．listen D．hear48、A．talks B．is going to talk C．talk D．talked49、A．like B．enjoy C．have D．has50、A．I B．he C．me D．her五、阅读判断42．Mike and his sister Kate go to a supermarket near their house on Sunday. It opens at nine o'clock in the morning every day. They are going to buy some pens and notes. When they are on the first floor, they see a robot at the piano. He is playing the piano. His fingers move very fast. Mike and kate stand there and listen for half an hour. Then they go home. They forget (忘记) the pens and notes.41、Mike and Kate go to a supermarket on Saturday. ( )42、The supermarket opens at 9 o'clock every Monday. ( )43、The robot is on the second floor. ( )44、The robot can play the piano. ( )45、They leave the supermarket at 11:30. ( )六、阅读理解43．Aunt Jane’s birthday is coming. Her birthday is on the 18th of November. She will be forty years old. My father is younger than his sister. Dad and Mum are going to take me to her home. We are going to go there by train. We are leaving on Friday morning. And we are coming back on Sunday afternoon. The birthday party will be on Saturday. I am going to give my dear Aunt Jane a card. Look! I am making it now. I am using my colour pencils to draw some nice flowers on the card. I think Aunt Jane will like them very much. I am going to draw Aunt Jane a small cat on it, too. Because she likes cats. The card will be very beautiful. Dad says his sister will like it very much. I feel very happy.51、Aunt Jane is ________ sister. ( )A．my mother’s B．my father’s C．my sister’s52、Aunt Jane will be ________ years old. ( )A．40 B．44 C．1453、I’m going to give my aunt ________. ( )A．a cat B．a card C．some flowers54、We are going there ________. ( )A．on Friday B．on Saturday C．on Sunday55、It will be a ________ trip. ( )A．one-day B．two-day C．three-day七、选择题44．People make old things into new things. This is called recycling. People can recycle only some materials(材料), such as(例如) paper, glass, plastics, clothing, computers, mobile phones and metal(金属).Food cannot be recycled. How do students recycle at school? Students make recycling boxes for cans, glass bottles and paper. They try to use recycled things. Recycling is good for our Earth. We should protect the Earth.56、Recycling is making _______ things into _______ things. ( )A．old; new B．new; old C．new; new57、______ can be recycled. ( )A．Fruit B．Metal C．Drinks58、_______ cannot be recycled. ( )A．Glass B．Paper C．Food59、Students make _______ for cans, glass bottles and paper. ( )A．recycling paper B．recycling boxes C．recycling clue60、Which is the best title(题目)? ( )A．Recycling. B．Protecting. C．Saving.八、选择题45．There are some animals in the Green Woods. They are happy. The bird is the singer. She sings songs in the tree. The dog is an artist. He draws pictures on the ground. Look at the monkey. He is so funny. He makes the animals happy. What does he do? He is an actor. The street is so clean. Who is the cleaner? The bear is sweeping the fallen leaves. The parrot (鹦鹉) is a reporter. She reports news every day. What does the black cat do? Look! He is patrolling (巡逻) with his handgun (手枪) by his motorcycle. He is a policeman.61、In the Green Woods, the _____ animals are happy. ( )A．six B．two C．five62、The _____ sings songs in the tree. ( )A．bear B．bird C．parrot63、The dog draws pictures on the ground. He is the _____. ( )A．singer B．artist C．reporter64、The _____ makes the animals happy. ( )A．dog B．black cat C．monkey65、The black cat is a _____. ( )A．actor B．cleaner C．policeman九、选择题46．One morning, Bill said he was ill. His mother called a taxi and took him to the doctor. The doctor asked Bill, “What’s the matter, young man?” Bill answered, “I'm feeling sick, I am having aheadache. I can’t go to school today, I'm afraid.” The doctor looked him over carefully, and then asked his mother, “What did he have for breakfast?” His mother said, “Well, he had some bread, two eggs, a bottle of milk and an orange.” The doctor smiled, “Don’t worry. It’s nothing serious. The boy will be all right after the football match.” The mother said, “I don’t understand, Doctor.” The doctor smiled again, “This afternoon, the biggest (最大的) football game of the year will be on TV. Your boy doesn’t want to miss (错过) it. I think he will be fine after the game. You wait and see.”66、Bill and his mother went to see the doctor __________that morning. ( )A．by bus B．by taxi C．on foot67、Bill had __________ for his breakfast. ( )A．nothing B．just a little C．a lot of food68、The doctor didn’t give Bill any medicine, because __________. ( )A．he didn’t think Bill was ill B．Bill didn’t like having medicineC．Bill’s mother didn’t have enough (足够的) money. ( )69、There was __________ on TV.A．volleyball game B．an English play C．a football match70、In fact (事实上), __________. ( )A．Bill was ill. B．Bill liked watching football matches. C．Bill was an honest (诚实的) boy.47．Now the Earth is in bad condition. For example, in some places, the air and the water is so dirty that too many animals and plants are dead. At the same time, many animals and plants are in danger because of the destruction of their habitats.Luckily, people have realized the problem. On April 22nd, millions of people all over the world do something good for the Earth. Some clean up lakes and rivers, some pick up rubbish, others give speeches to call on more people to take action and not to destroy (破坏) the Earth. But can we save the Earth only by one day’s work? The future of our planet depends on our efforts.What we should do is make every day “Earth Day”. Only by taking good care of it every day can we hope to live in harmony (和谐) with nature.66、Now the Earth is in _____ condition. ( )A．good B．bad C．well67、We shouldn’t _____. ( )A．clean up lakes and rivers B．pick up rubbish C．destroy the Earth68、Earth Day is on _____. ( )A．March 12th B．April 22nd C．April 2nd69、People hope to live in harmony with _____. ( )A．habitats B．efforts C．nature70、Which is NOT true? ( )A．In some places, many animals and plants are dead.B．In some places, many animals and plants are in danger.C．In all places, many animals and plants are living well.【参考答案】重庆市沙坪坝区树人小学小学英语六年级上册期末试卷含答案1．A解析：A【详解】句意：地板上有一些水。
atc-inducible counter-selection -回复
atc-inducible counter-selection -回复您好！我将以[atcinducible counterselection]为主题，为您撰写一篇1500-2000字的文章，逐步回答该主题。
[atcinducible counterselection]是指一种实验技术，利用ATC （anhydrotetracycline）来诱导对某种特定基因进行反选择。
这项技术在基因工程和分子生物学研究中被广泛应用，以帮助科学家对特定基因进行研究和探索。
首先，让我们了解一下ATC是什么。
ATC是一种类似于抗生素四环素的化合物，被用作诱导剂。
当加入ATC时，它能够与特定的基因表达系统中的诱导剂受体结合，并激活该基因的表达。
接下来，让我们来探讨[atcinducible counterselection]的基本原理。
在这项技术中，首先需要构建一个含有特定基因的表达系统，其中包括一个ATC诱导剂受体。
通过在诱导剂存在的情况下，利用该基因进行菌落筛选，可以选择出含有该基因的菌落。
反之，在没有诱导剂的条件下进行培养，选择出不含该基因的菌落。
这种方法可以在菌落水平上进行对某一特定基因的选择或反选择。
然而，使用[atcinducible counterselection]需要遵循一系列步骤。
下面是一些关键步骤的概述：1. 构建表达系统。
首先，需要构建一个含有ATC诱导剂受体的表达系统。
这可以通过将受体基因整合到目标细菌的基因组中，或构建一个含有该基因的表达质粒来实现。
2. 选择或反选择培养基。
为了实现诱导剂的选择或反选择作用，需要选择合适的培养基。
该培养基需要包含适当的抗生素，以选择含有表达系统的细菌。
3. 不同条件下的培养。
在这一步骤中，需要将含有表达系统的细菌在有或没有ATC的条件下进行培养。
在应用[atcinducible counterselection]技术时，细菌在有ATC的条件下会表达目标基因，而在没有ATC的条件下不会表达该基因。
atc_2012321104860-0
78 11090302210004
张合心
植物营养学
农学院
5A
79 11090702210001 80 11090702210002 81 11090702210003 82 11090705210001 83 11090705210002 84 11090705210003 85 11090705210005 86 110901A7210001 87 110901A7210002 88 110901A7210003 89 110901A7210004 90 11090402210002 91 11090402210003 92 11090703210003 93 11090703210004 94 11071012210003 95 11071012210004 96 11071012210006 97 11083201210001 98 11083201210002 99 11083201210003 100 11083201210004 101 11083201210005 102 11083201210006 103 11083201210007 104 11083201210008 105 11083201210009 106 11083201210010 107 11083201210011 108 110832012100012 109 11097203210001 110 11097203210002 111 11097203210003 112 11097203210004 113 11097203210005 114 11097203210006 115 11097203210007 116 11097203210008 117 11097203210009 118 11097203210010
计算机的专业英语
计算机专业英语Aaachen 亚琛abampere 绝对安培abandoned call 废弃单元abbreviated dialing 缩位拨号abbreviated digital verification color code (ADVCC) 简写数字验证颜色码aberration 像差aberration, chromatic 色像差aberration, spherical 球面像差ability, heuristic reasoning 启发式推论能力abnormal decay 反常衰变abnormal end 异常终结abort 中断abort sequence 中断序列above threshold 超临限值abrasion 剥蚀；磨损abrupt junction 突变结absent 不存在absent extension diversion 分机用户缺席转接absent, coprocessor 协同处理器不存在absolute accuracy 绝对准确度absolute address 绝对地址absolute addressing 绝对定址法absolute assembler 绝对组合程式absolute block 绝对区块absolute code 绝对代码absolute coordinate 绝对坐标absolute dimension 绝对尺寸absolute disintegration rate 绝对衰变率absolute encoder 绝对编码器absolute error 绝对错误absolute expansion 绝对膨胀absolute gain 绝对增益absolute humidity 绝对湿度absolute index of refraction 绝对折射率absolute instruction 绝对指令absolute intensity 绝对强度absolute loader 绝对装入器absolute machine code 绝对机器代码absolute maximum rating 绝对最大额定值absolute measuring system 绝对测量系统absolute permeability 绝对磁导率absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute temperature 绝对温度absolute temperature scale 绝对温标absolute value 绝对值absolute variable 绝对变数absolute velocity 绝对速度absolute volume 绝对体积absolute zero 绝对零度absolute-value circuit 绝对值电路absolute-value device 绝对值器件absorbability 吸收能力absorptance 吸收比absorption 吸收absorption band 吸收频带absorption loss 吸收损耗absorption modulation 吸收调制absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorption, active acoustical 动态声音吸纳absorption, coefficient of 吸音系数absorptive attenuator 吸收衰减abstract data type 抽象数据种类abstract quantity 抽象程度abstract symbol 抽象符号abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1) 抽象语法表示法1 abstraction 抽象；抽除ac brownout 交流降压，交流节电ac converter 交流转换器ac electric-field strength 交流电场强度ac filter 交流滤波器ac line filter 交流线路滤波器ac power line 交流电源线accelerated graphics port (AGP) 加速图形端口accelerated life test 加速寿命测试accelerated stress test 加速应力测试accelerated test 加速测试accelerated thermal cycle (ATC) 加速热循环accelerating voltage 加速电压acceleration 加速度acceleration due to gravity 重力加速度acceleration in circular motion 圆运动加速度acceleration, angular 角加速度acceleration, average 平均加速度acceleration, centripetal 向心加速度acceleration, component of 加速度分量acceleration, fuzzy computational (FCA) 模糊逻辑加速法acceleration, gravitational 重力加速度acceleration, instantaneous 瞬时加速度acceleration, tangential 切向加速度acceleration, uniform 等加速度accelerator 加速器accelerator, floating-point slave 浮点附属加速器accelerator, programmable universal micro (PUMA) 可编程通用微加速器accelerometer 加速仪accept 接收；接受acceptable noise level 验收噪声水平acceptable quality level 合格质量水平acceptable source 验收源acceptance angle 接收角acceptance cone 接收光锥区acceptance test 验收试验accepted test 合格试验acceptor 受体；接收器acceptor impurity 受体杂质acceptor, write access connection (WACA) 写入存取连接接收器access 存取access charge 访问费用access code 存取代码access coupler 存取耦合器access delay 存取延迟access line 接入线路access method 存取方法access mode 存取模式access network 接入网access path 存取通路access protocol 存取协定access time 存取时间access, basic 基本存取access, basic rate (BRA) 基本速率存取access, burst 资料组存取access, carrier sense multiple (CSMA) 载波感应多重存取access, code-division multiple (CDMA) 码分多重存取access, direct memory (DMA) 直接存储器存取access, external 外部存取access, frequency-division multiple (FDMA) 频分多工存取access, in-page burst 页内资料组存取access, internal 内部存取access, multiple channel (MCA) 多通道存取access, on-page 页上存取access, out-page 离页存取access, page 分页存取access, primary rate 初级速率存取access, sequential 序列存取access, time-division multiple (TDMA) 时分多重存取access, virtual direct memory 虚拟直接存储器存取access-control mechanism 存取控制机制accessed bit 存取单元accessibility 可存取性accessible voltage drop 可达电压降accessible, readily 可存取的accessory 附件accumulated jitter 累加抖动accumulator 累加器；蓄电池accumulator register 累加寄存器accumulator, phase 相位累加器accuracy 准确度；准确值accuracy class 准确级别accuracy grade 精度级别，精度等级accuracy rating 额定准确度accuracy test 准确度测试accuracy, absolute 绝对准确值accuracy, dynamic 动态准确度accuracy, full-scale absolute 全标度绝对准确值accuracy, gain 增益准确度acetate disks 乙酸盐软盘acetone 丙酮acid, amino 氨基酸acid, aspartic 天门冬胺酸acknowledge 确认acknowledge character 确认字符acknowledge signal 接收完成信号acknowledge, interrupt 中断确认acknowledgment (ACK) 确认acoustic coupler 声耦合器acoustic delay line 声延迟线acoustic input 声音输入acoustic noise 噪声acoustic output 声音输出acoustic-wave filter 声波过滤器acoustical signals 声音信号,音频信号acoustically tunable optical filter 声音调谐光学滤波器acousto-optic device 声光学器件acousto-optic effect 声光学效应acquisition phase 采集阶段acquisition, background 背景采集acquisition, data 数据采集acquisition, image- 影像采集acrylate 丙烯酸脂acrylic 丙烯酸的，聚丙烯的acrylic resin 丙烯酸树脂action and reaction 作用与反作用action at a distance 超距作用action force 作用力action, capillary 毛细管作用action, line of 作用线action, molecular 分子作用activate 活化activation 活化activation energy 活化能量activation period 活化期activation rate 启动率activation, neutron 中子激发activator 催化剂,激活剂，活化剂；激励器active 动态；主动active acoustical absorption 有源声音吸纳active antenna array 有源天线阵列active carbon 活性碳active component 有源元件active condition 使用状态active electric network 有源电气网络active electronics 有源电子器件，有源电子技术active file 现役文件active filter 有源滤波器active impedance 动态阻抗active materials 放射性材料active matrix 有源矩阵active matrix display 有源矩阵显示器，活动矩阵显示器active mobile identity (AMI) 有源移动标识active partitioning architecture 有源分隔体系结构active power 有功功率active profile 现用文件，当前文件active rectification 动态整流active server page 活动服务器页，当前服务器页active substrate 有源基片，有源衬片，有源基底active template library 动态模板库active termination 有源终端active testing 动态测试active transducer 有源传感器active trimming 有源微调active voltage positioning (AVP) 有效电压定位,有效电压点active-high signal 高态有效信号active-low signal 低态有效信号active-matrix display 有源矩阵显示activity 放射性activity factor 活动因子activity, optical 旋光性activity-based simulation 放射性为基模拟actual mechanical advantage 实际机械利益actuator 起动器actuator valve 起动器活门actuator, dual 双起动器actuator, pneumatic 气动起动器actuator, relay 延迟起动器adaptability 配接性adaptation rate 适配率adapter 配接器adapter card 适配器卡adapter description library (ADL) 配接描述程序库adapter kit 配接组件adapter signal process (ASP) 配接器信号处理adapter, color composite video 彩色混合视频配接器adapter, color graphics (CGA) 彩色图像配接器adapter, double-scan color graphics 双扫描图像配接器adapter, enhanced color graphics (EGA) 增强图像配接器adapter, monochrome display (MDA) 单色显示配接器adapter, serial 串行配接器adapter, standard 标准配接器adapter, super video graphics (SVGA) 超级视频图像配接器adapter, terminal (TA) 终端配接器adapter, video graphics (VGA) 视频图像配接器adaption rate 速率调整adaptive antenna 自适应天线adaptive antenna array 自适应天线阵列adaptive channel allocation (ACA) 自适应信道分配adaptive coding 自适应编码adaptive control system 自适应控制系统adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) 自适应差动脉冲编码调adaptive equalization 配接等化adaptive excitation 自适应激励adaptive hardware 自适应硬件adaptive jitter buffer 自适应抖动缓冲器adaptive maintenance 自适应维修adaptive predictive coding (APC) 自适应预测编码adaptive speed control 自适应速度控制add-on card 附加卡add/drop multiplexer (ADM) 增减复用器adder 加法器addition without carry 无进位加法additional charge 附加费additive 相加的additive plating 添加电镀；附加电镀层additive process 相加过程，可加过程additive white Gaussian noise 加性白高斯噪声address 地址；定址address ID 地址识别address broadcast 位址广播address buffer 地址缓冲器address bus 地址总线address counter 地址计数器address cycle 地址周期address decoder 地址解码器address driver 地址驱动器address field 地址栏address format 地址格式address generator 地址产生器address latch enable 地址锁存有效,地址锁存选通address modification 地址修改address modifier 地址修改程序address part 地址部分address pointer 地址指标address register 地址寄存器address signaling 地址信令address space 地址空间address strobe 地址选通address transfer 地址传送address, absolute 绝对地址address, base 基底地址address, base-port 基本端口地址address, column 列地址address, dot 点地址address, effective 有效地址address, line 线地址address, logical block (LBA) 逻辑区块地址address, machine 机器地址address, offset 偏移地址address, row 行地址address, segment 分段地址address, valid memory 有效存储器地址address-only cycle 只涉及定址的周期address-only transaction 只涉及定址的事项交易address/data bus 地址／数据总线addressable 可定址addressable connected,disconnected （ACD）可连接/脱接寻址addressable latch 可定址锁存addressable point 可定址位置addressing 定址法addressing mode 定址模式addressing, absolute 绝对定址法addressing, direct 直接定址addressing, indirect 间接定址adenine 腺呤adenosine-triphosphate 三磷酸腺甘adhesion 附着，黏着adhesion layer 黏附层adhesive 黏合剂adhesive force 黏合力adhesive paper carrier tape 胶纸承载带adhesive string 黏合剂串adhesive tail 黏合剂尾adiabatic expansion 绝热膨胀adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic transformation 绝热变换adjacency 相邻adjacency list 相邻列adjacency matrix 相邻矩阵adjacent channel 相邻通道adjacent channel power response (ACPR) 相邻信道功率响应adjacent channel scan (ACS) 相邻信道扫描adjacent-channel interference 相邻通道干扰adjacent-channel selectivity 相邻通道选择性adjunct (AD) 附件adjust 调节；调谐adjustable voltage control 可调节电压控制adjustment, zero 零点调整administrative unit (AU) 管理单元admittance 导纳admittance, short-circuit 短路导纳adsorption 吸附作用advanced audio coding (AAC) 先进的音频编码advanced communications service 先进通讯服务advanced communications technology satellite (ACTS) 先进的通信技术卫星advanced configuration and power interface 高级配置和电源接口advanced data communication control procedures (ADCCP) 先进数控通讯控制程序advanced encryption standard (AES) 先进的加密标准advanced input format (AIF) 高级输入格式advanced intelligent network (AIN) 高级智能网advanced mobile phone service (amps) 先进移动电话服务advanced peer-to-peer networking (APPN) 先进的对等网，先进的端对端网advanced power management (APM) 高级电源管理advanced process control (APC) 先进工艺控制,先进的处理控制advanced radio data information service (ARDIS) 高级无线电数据信息业务advanced router 先进路由器advanced solder mask (ASM) 先进焊接掩膜advantage, actual mechanical 实际机械利益advantage, ideal mechanical 理想机械利益advantage, mechanical 机械利益aeration 充气aerosol 喷雾器agent 代理人；代理商agent, broker 代理人兼经纪人agent, data analysis 数据分析代理agent, database 数据库代理agent, execution 执行代理agent, mediator 仲裁代理agent, security 安全代理,保安代理agent, user 用户代理aggregate 聚集aging factor 老化因素agitation, thermal 热震动agitation, ultrasonic 超音波振荡aglet 金属箍，金属饰物air chamber 气室air gap 空隙；气隙air interface 空中接口air knife 气刀air operated 气动air pressure gauge 气压计air pump 气泵air support 空气支承air, compressed 压缩空气air-cooled design 风冷设计，气冷设计air-gap field voltage 气隙场电压air-operated dispensing 气动涂料alarm 警报；警钟alarm condition 警报条件alarm display 告警显示，警报显示alarm indication signal (AIS) 告警指示信号albumin 蛋白质alcohol, isopropyl (IPA) 等丙醇algebraic code excited linear prediction (ACELP) 代数码激励的线性预测algorithm 算法algorithm analysis 算法分析algorithm, asynchronous parallel 异步并行算法algorithm, data encryption 数据加密算法algorithm, fast Fourier transform 快速傅立叶变换算法algorithm, internal 内部算法algorithm, layout 布局算法algorithm, least recently used 最近使用算法algorithm, logarithmic 对数算法algorithm, multiple 多重算法algorithm, replacement 替换算法algorithm, routing 路由算法algorithm, software 软件算法algorithm, two-bit 两位算法algorithm, unidirectional backtrace 单向回溯算法algorithmic language 算法语言alias 代号aliasing 混淆现象aligner 调校器alignment 定位；调校alignment error 定位错误alignment hole 定位孔alignment jitter 定位抖动alignment, frame 信息帧定位alignment, optical 光学定位alignment, testing 测试定位alignment, timing 时序调校alkali-halide 硷卤化物alkali-halide substrate 硷卤化物基板alkaline battery 硷性电池all-digital television 全数字电视all-optical networks 全光网all-pass function 全通功能allocate 分配；配置allocation 分配；配置allocation, file 档案配置allowable continuous current 容许连续电流alloy 合金alloy junction 合金结alpha particle 阿尔发粒子alpha ray 阿尔发射线alphanumeric 字母，字符alphanumeric key 字母数字键alphanumeric pagers 字母数字寻呼机，数字寻呼机alternate billing service (ABS) 可选计帐业务，交替计帐业务alternate display 交替显示alternate mark inversion (AMI) 交替记号转换alternate routing 迂回路由选择alternate-channel interference 相间通道干扰alternating current (ac) 交流电流alternating function 交替功能alternating-current generator 交流发电机alternating-current pulse 交流电流脉冲alternator 交流发电机alternator, three-phase 三相交流发电机altimeter 高度计alumina 矾土aluminum coil 铝线圈aluminum electrolytic capacitor 铝质电解电容器aluminum interconnect 铝互连线，铝[线]互连ambient conditions 环境条件ambient level 环境水平ambient noise 环境噪声ambient temperature 环境温度amino acid 氨基酸ammeter 安培计ammonia 氨amorphous substance 非晶体物质amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors 非晶硅薄膜晶体管ampacity 安培容量，安流量ampere (A) 安培ampere-hour (Ah) 安培小时ampere-hour capacity 安时容量，安培小时容量ampere-hour efficiency 安培小时效率ampere-turns 安培圈数amplification 放大amplification factor 放大因数amplifier (Amp) 放大器amplifier gain 放大器增益amplifier, audio 声频放大器amplifier, audio-frequency 声频放大器amplifier, bridge 桥式放大器amplifier, class A power A 类功率放大器amplifier, class B power B 类功率放大器amplifier, composition 组合式放大器amplifier, current feedback 电流反馈放大器amplifier, current sense 电流感应放大器amplifier, differential 差动放大器amplifier, diffusion 扩散放大器amplifier, direct coupling 直接耦合放大器amplifier, direct current 直流放大器amplifier, dual video 双视频放大器amplifier, erbium-doped fiber (EDFA) 铒渗染光纤放大器amplifier, floating diffusion 浮动扩散放大器amplifier, high-frequency 高频放大器amplifier, instrumentation 仪器放大器amplifier, loop compensation 环路补偿放大器amplifier, low-frequency 低频放大器amplifier, multiple-channel 多通道放大器amplifier, narrowband 窄带放大器amplifier, operational (OpAmp) 运算放大器amplifier, operational transconductance (OTA) 运算跨导放大器amplifier, pre-(preamp) 前置放大器amplifier, programmable gain (PGA) 可编程增益放大器amplifier, push-pull 推挽式放大器amplifier, quad operational 四重组装运算放大器amplifier, radio frequency 射频放大器amplifier, sample-and-hold (SHA) 取样及保持放大器amplifier, track-and-hold (THA) 追踪及保持放大器amplifier, video 视频放大器amplitude 振幅amplitude distortion 振幅失真amplitude equalization 幅度均衡amplitude evaluation 振幅测定,振幅评估amplitude flatness 振幅平滑度amplitude modulation (AM) 振幅调制amplitude resonance 振幅谐振amplitude shift keying (ASK) 振幅键控amplitude, angle of 幅角amplitude-frequency response 振幅频率反应analog 模拟analog -to-digital converter (ADC) 模拟／数字转换器analog -to-digital video converter 模拟／数字视频转换器analog / digital (A/D) 模拟／数字analog / discrete test system 模拟／离散测试系统analog baseband chip 模拟基带芯片analog cell 模拟单元analog channel 模拟通道analog circuit 模拟电路analog comparator 模拟比较器analog data interchange format (ADIF) 模拟数据交换格式analog dielectric isolation 模拟介电绝缘，模拟介质隔离analog display services interface (ADSI) 模拟显示业务接口analog emulation 模拟仿真analog front-end 模拟前端analog hardware description language (AHDL) 模拟硬件描述语言analog output 模拟输出analog private network signaling system (APNSS) 模拟专用网信令系统analog process 模拟工程analog semicustom 模拟半定制analog set-top box 模拟机顶盒analog signal processing 模拟信号处理analog summing bus 模拟加法总线analog supply voltage 模拟供电电压analog switch 模拟开关analog transmission 模拟传输analog trigger 模拟触发器analysis balance 分析天平analysis by synthesis (ABS) 合成分析analysis, bus bounce 总线跳动分析analysis, destructive physical (DPA) 破坏性物理分析analysis, dimensional 尺寸分析analysis, dynamic functional 动态功能分析analysis, failure 故障分析analysis, finite-element (FEA) 有限元素分析analysis, functional 功能分析analysis, interconnect 互连分析analysis, joint time-frequency (JTFA) 联结时序频率分析analysis, logic 逻辑分析仪analysis, nodal 节点分析analysis, residual gas (RGA) 残余气体分析analysis, spectrum 光谱分析analysis, static structural 静态结构分析analysis, statistical 统计分析analysis, structural 结构分析analysis, testability 可测试性分析analysis, time-interval 时间间隔分析analysis, timing 时序分析analyzer, protocol 协定分析仪analyzer, spectrum 频谱分析仪analyzer, transmission 传输分析仪ancillary equipment 辅助设备anemometer 风速计aneroid barometer 无液气压计angle diversity 角度分集angle encoder 角编码器angle modulation 角调制angle of advance 前置角angle of amplitude 幅角angle of deviation 偏差角angle of retard 延缓角angle, conjugate 共轭角angle, critical 临界角angle, declination 磁偏角angle, deflection 偏转角angle, dielectric phase 介电质相角angle, dip 磁倾角angle, emergence 出射角angle, incident 入射角angle, limiting 临限角angle, phase 相角angle, polarization 偏极角angle, prism 棱镜角angle, reflecting 反射角angle, refracting 折射角angle, solid 立体角angle, visual 视角angstrom 埃angular acceleration 角加速度angular deviation 角偏向angular displacement 角位移angular harmonic motion 角谱运动angular impulse 角衡量angular magnification 角放大率angular momentum 角动量angular motion 角运动angular scale 角度盘angular velocity 角速度animation 动画anion 阴离子anisochronous signal 非等时同步信号，异步信号anisotropic 各向异性anisotropic adhesive 各向异性粘合剂anisotropic conductive adhesive 各向异性导电粘合剂anisotropic conductive film (ACF) 各向异性传导薄膜annealing 退火annealing temperature 退火温度annotation 注解annotation, back 逆向注解annotation, forward 前向注解annular ring 循环振铃annunciator 示号器anode 阳极anomalous expansion 反常膨胀anomaly 不规则；异常anonymous FTP server 匿名文件传输协议服务器answer 回答answer back 回应answer mode 回应模式answer-back code 回应码answer-back code generation 回应码生成antenna 天线antenna (bi-directional) 天线（双向)antenna (omni-directional) 天线（全向）antenna (uni-directional) 天线（单向）antenna array 天线阵列antenna effect 天线效应antenna factor 天线波形因素antenna gain 天线增益antenna pattern 天线模式antenna, phased-array 相位阵列式天线antenna, whip 伸缩天线anti virus 防病毒[软件]anti-pad 反垫片，反焊盘, 反插,非焊接区antialiasing 抗混迭anticathode 对阴极anticlockwise moment 逆时针力矩antidumping 反倾销antifuse 反熔丝antifuse field programmable gate array 反熔丝可现场编程门阵列antiglare 防闪光的antiglare screen 防闪光屏幕antilock brake 防震刹车antimagnetic force 抗磁力antinode 波腹antioxidant 抗氧化剂antiresonant frequency 反谐振频率antistatic 抗静电antistatic shipping bag 抗静电运送袋,抗静电转运袋aperture 孔径aperture compensation 孔径补偿aperture distortion 孔径失真aperture setting 光圈调校aperture, multiple 多孔径aperture, numerical 数值孔径aperture, single 单孔径apogee 远地点，最高点，最远点apparatus 仪器；装置apparent charge 视在电荷apparent depth 视深apparent expansion 视膨胀apparent inductance 视在电感apparent performance 可见性能apparent power 视在功率applet Java 小程序, Java支持程序appliance 器具；装置application 应用application association (AA) 应用协会application binary interface (ABI) 应用二进制式接口application control and management system (ACMS) 应用控制及管理系统application environment specifications (AES) 应用环境规范application execution environment 应用执行环境application integration architecture (AIA) 应用综合结构application interface 应用接口application layer 应用层application program interface (API) 应用程序接口application server 应用服务器application software 应用软件application, numerical 数值应用application, point of 作用点application-execution environment 应用执行环境application-focused array 焦点应用阵列application-specific automation processor (ASAP) 特殊应用自动化处理器application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 特殊应用集成电路application-specific integrated processor (ASIP) 特殊应用综合处理器application-specific standard product (ASSP) 特殊应用标准产品approval 认可approval test 认可测试approval, type 类别认可approximation successive- (S-A) 连续－渐近法aqueous cleaning 水洗[技术]aqueous solution 水溶剂aramid yarn 聚芳基酰胺线arbiter 判优电路；判优器arbiter, bus 总线判优器arbitrary 任意的arbitrary, totally 完全任意的arbitrate 任意的arbitration 判优arbitration bus 判优总线arbitration cycle 判优周期arbitration scheme 判优电路arbitration state machine 判优状态机器arbitration timing 判优时序arbitration, multimaster 多控制判优arc light 电弧灯arc scanning 弧形扫描arc, carbon 碳电弧architectural engineering and construction (AEC) 建筑工程及结构architecture 体系结构architecture design 架构设计architecture, active partitioning 有源分隔体系结构architecture, application integration (AIA) 应用综合（体系）结构architecture, associative 关联（体系）结构architecture, backbone network (BNA) 中枢网络（体系）结构architecture, cascaded network (CNA) 联级网络（体系）结构architecture, communications 通讯（体系）结构architecture, concurrent bus 并行总线（体系）结构architecture, demand protocol (DPA) 需求协定（体系）结构architecture, digital network (DNA) 数字网络（体系）结构architecture, distributed data management (DDMA) 分布式数据管理（体系）结构architecture, distributed system (DSA) 分布式系统（体系）结构architecture, dual retargetable (DRA) 双重可转移目标（体系）结构architecture, extended industry standard (EISA) 工业标准延伸（体系）结构architecture, extended processing (EPA) 延伸处理（体系）结构architecture, flow-through 流通（体系）结构architecture, industry standard (ISA) 工业标准（体系）结构architecture, instruction set 指令集（体系）结构architecture, logical 逻辑（体系）结构architecture, micro-channel bus (MCA) 微通道总线（体系）结构architecture, network 网络（体系）结构architecture, open network (ONA) 开放网络（体系）结构architecture, open system 开放系统（体系）结构architecture, pipeline 管线（体系）结构architecture, precision 精准（体系）结构architecture, scalable 可定标（体系）结构architecture, staged-vacuum 分段式真空（体系）结构architecture, systems application (SAA) 系统应用（体系）结构architecture, trigger detection 触发检测（体系）结构architecture, two-way set-associative 双向集关联（体系）结构arcing 发弧，跳火area array TAB 分区列阵TABarea color code 地区颜色码,区域颜色码area key distributor (AKD) 区域密钥分发器area, basic input/output system data 基本输入／输出系统数据区域area, extended basic input/output system data (EBDA) 基本输入／输出延伸系统数据区域area, high memory (HMA) 高地址存储器区域area, inactive 无效区area, internal data (IDA) 内部数据区域area, static-safe 静电安全区area-source 区域发射源areal density 面密度argon gas 氩气argon laser 氩激光argon sputter-etch process 氩气溅镀蚀刻过程argument 变元arithmetic / logic unit (ALU) 算术及逻辑单元arithmetic mean 算术平均值arm 力臂；支架arm, moment 力矩臂armature 电枢armor 铠装（覆盖金属编织层），装甲arrangement, data access (DAA) 数据存取编排array 阵列array antenna 阵列天线array, antifuse field programmable gate 反熔丝可现场编程门阵列array, application-focused 焦点应用阵列array, channel-less 无通道式阵列array, disk 磁盘阵列array, drive 磁盘机阵列array, extended graphics (XGA) 延伸图像阵列array, field programmable gate (FPGA) 可现场编程门阵列array, gate 门阵列array, high-density channeled 高密度通道式阵列array, land grid (LGA) 岸面栅格阵列array, linear 线性阵列array, logic cell (LCA) 逻辑单元阵列array, masked gate 掩膜式门阵列array, memory cell 存储器单元阵列array, one-dimensional 一维阵列array, programmable gate (PGA) 可编程门阵列array, programmable logic (PLA) 可编程逻辑阵列array, three-dimensional 三维阵列array, two-dimensional 二维阵列array, video graphics (VGA) 视频图像阵列arsenic 砷artifact 任务图artifact 赝像artifact, physical 实体赝像artificial antenna 人造天线artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能artificial load 人工负载artificial magnet 人造磁铁artificial radioactive substance 人工放射性物质artificial radioactivity 人工放射artificial radioisotope 人工放射性同位数artificial transformation 人工变换artwork 原图artwork data 原图数据artwork generation 原图生成asbestos 石绵aspartic acid 天门冬胺酸aspect ratio (AR) 长宽比aspherical mirror 非球面镜assembler 汇编程序assembler, cross 交叉汇编程序assembler, macro- 指令组汇编程序assembly 汇编assembly code 汇编代码assembly language 汇编语言assembly process 汇编过程assembly, hard-disk (HDA) 硬盘机组件assert 宣称；断言asserted 宣称；断言assertion 命题；断言assertion-level logic 断言级逻辑，命题逻辑assigned value 指定值assigner 指定器assignment 赋值association control service element (ACSE) 协同控制业务单元，关联控制业务实体associative architecture 关联结构associative lookup 关联检索associative memory 关联存储器associative rules 关联规则associative, set- 集相联assurance, quality (QA) 品质保证astigmatism 散光astronomical unit 天文单位astronomy, radio 射电天文学asymmetric cryptographic system 不对称密码系统asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) 对称数字用户线[路] asymmetrical cell 非对称单元asymmetrical network 不平衡网络，不对称网络asymptote 渐近线asynchronous 异步asynchronous balanced mode (ABM) 异步平衡模式asynchronous character 异步字符asynchronous communication interface 异步通讯接口asynchronous machine 异步机器asynchronous memory bus 异步存储器总线asynchronous operation 异步操作asynchronous parallel algorithm 异步并行算法asynchronous polling interface (API) 异步轮询接口asynchronous receiving mode 异步接收模式asynchronous response mode (ARM) 异步反应模式asynchronous sending mode 异步发送模式asynchronous serial communication interface (ASCI) 异步串行通讯接口asynchronous state machine 异步状态机器asynchronous switching 异步交换asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) 异步传输模式asynchronous transmission 异步传输asynchronous, bit 位异步asynchronous, byte 字节异步at-speed test 全速度测试atmosphere 大气atmospheric pressure 大气压力atom 原子atom, Bohr 波尔原子atomic clock 原子钟atomic energy 原子能atomic heat 原子热atomic mass 原子质量atomic mass unit 原子质量单位atomic nucleus 原子核atomic number 原子序数atomic structure 原子结构atomic weight 原子量atomization, ultrasonic 超音波雾化atomizer 喷雾器attach map 附带变换attached resource computer network (ARCnet) 附加资料电脑网络attachment 附件；附属装置attachment unit interface (AUI) 附属单元接口attention cycle 注意周期attenuate 衰减attenuation 衰减attenuation band 衰减频带attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation constant 衰减常数attenuation current 衰减电流attenuation distortion 衰减失真attenuation equalization 衰减均衡attenuation factor 衰减常数attenuation values 衰减值attenuation, local 局部衰减attenuator 衰减器attenuator, input 输入衰减器attenuator, optical 光学衰减器attraction 相吸作用attractive force 引力attribute 属性attribute code 属性代码attribute controller 属性控制器attribute searching 属性搜索,特性搜索attribute type 属性类型attribute, page 分页属性attribute, video 视频属性audibility 可闻度audible noise 可闻噪声audible range 可闻音域audio 声音audio amplifier 声频放大器audio analyzer 声频分析仪audio frequency (AF) 音频；声频audio messaging interchange system - analog (AMIS-A) 音频信息模拟交换系统audio streaming 音频数据流audio-frequency amplifier 声频放大器audio-mixing module (AMU) 声频混合模组audio-processor unit (APU) 声频处理器单元audio-visual (AV) 视听；声频／视频audioconferencing 电话会议audiotex 语音信息[服务]，语音传讯（系统）augment 增大；扩张auroral oval region 极光椭圆区austenite 溶碳相authentication 验证；[电文]鉴别authentication and key exchange (AKE) 鉴别和密钥交换authentication center (AC) 认证中心，鉴定中心authoring language 编辑语言authorization 特许，授权auto answering machine 自动应答机auto decrement 自动减量auto dial 自动拨号auto-answer 自动应答auto-authentication 自动[电文]鉴别auto-login 自动注册，自动登记auto-ranging 自动设换范围auto-tuning temperature controller 自动微调温度控制器autobaud 自动波特autodetect mode 自动检测模式autodiscovery 自动显像，自动显现autofill 自动填充autogrid 自动座标方格autoincrement 自动增量automated attendant 自动值机员，自动话务员automated defect classification (ADC) 自动故障分类automated inspection system 自动化检查系统automated material handling Systems (AMHS) 自动材料处理系统，自动材料输送系统automated materials handling 自动化物料处理automated optical inspection (AOI) 自动光学检查automated reasoning tool (ART) 自动化推论工具automated teller machine(ATM) 自动柜员机automated test equipment (ATE) 自动测试设备，自动测试装置automated x-ray inspection (AXI) 自动X射线检查automatic bit rate (ABR) 自动比特率automatic call distribution 自动电话分配automatic call distribution （ACD）自动呼叫分配automatic call sequencer (ACS) 自动呼叫定序器automatic channel assignment 自动信道分配automatic configuration 自动配置automatic contour digitizer （ACD）自动外形数字化仪，自动轮廓数字化仪automatic control 自动控制automatic credit card verification service (ACCS) 自动信用卡验证业务automatic dialer 自动拨号机automatic frequency control (AFC) 自动频率控制。
ATC013固体无机材料中碳硫分析技术现场实操考核方案
对检测系统性能进行检查
能够正确检查
现场查看/提问
第二部分：日常分析基本操作
编号
考核项目
考核要点
说明
2-1
仪器能否满足测试要求进行核查
能正确进行核查
提问
2-2
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ对仪器进行校正
熟练判断
提问
2-3
对测试样品进行制备
样品制备技能
现场查看/与样品考核结合
2-4
调用分析程序并使用
能熟练使用分析软件
现场查看/提问
阐述处理步骤
提问
2-5
对指定项目的工作曲线法的软件进行设置
正确操作与设置
现场查看/提问
2-6
测试数据存储
熟练使用分析软件
现场查看/提问
第三部分：仪器常规维护操作
编号
考核项目
考核要点
说明
3-1
实验室环境检查
温度、湿度、清洁度等是否符合要求
现场查看相关仪表或判断
3-2
实验室安全设施检查
对电器、气体的设置与使用是否安全，放射性防护、急救设施
如辅助气体储存装置和净化器等
现场查看/提问
1-5
仪器各部分条件的选择
能正确选择
现场查看/提问
1-6
仪器总体状况的优化
将仪器调至最佳状态
现场查看/提问
1-7
仪器稳定性的检查
能够正确检查
现场查看/提问
1-8
对进样系统性能进行检查
能够正确检查
现场查看/提问
1-9
对高频发生器性能进行检查
能够正确检查
现场查看/提问
现场查看相关仪表或判断
3-3
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SG70
700/2
700-2
EN-GJS-700-2
6
QT800-2
GGG80
0.7080
-
800/2
800-2
EN-GJS-800-2
7
QT900-2
-
-
-
900/2
900-2
-
(二)结构钢部分――Structural Steel
结构钢中外牌号对照
Chinese and foreign numbers contrast of structural steel
8
X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5
1.4539
-
AISI 904L
904S13
X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5
X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5
9
X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2
1.4571
0Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti
AISI 316Ti
320S31
X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2
X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2
Q235A
GB 700
S235JR
1.0037
S235JR
E235-B
S235JR
7
Q235B
(GB 700)
S235JRG2
1.0038
S235JRG2
-
S235JRG2
8
Q235C
GB 700
S235J0
1.0114
S235J0
E235-C
S235J0
9
-
S355J0
1.0553
S355J0
E355-C
11
42CrMo
42CrMo4
1.7225
42CrMo4
42CrMo4
42CrMo4
(三)不锈钢部分――Stainless Steel
不锈钢中外牌号对照
Chinese and foreign numbers contrast of stainless steel
序号
No.
种类
Type
德国
DIN EN 10088
美国(AISI)
J 405
英国(BS)
BS EN 10088
国际标准(ISO)
欧洲标准(EN)
EN 10088
(DIN)
W-Nr.
15
双相不锈钢
Duplex
X2CrNiMoN25-7-4
1.4410
-
-
X2CrNiMoN25-7-4
-
X2CrNiMoN25-7-4
16
X3CrNiMoN27-5-2
1.4460
ATC Materials List
(一)铸铁部分――Cast Iron
灰铸铁中外牌号对照
Chinese and foreign numbers contrast of gray cast iron
序号
No.
种类
Type
中国(GB)
GB 9439
德国
DIN 1691
奥地利
(ONORM)
英国(BS)
BS 1452
200-400
C15E
2
ZG230-450
(25)
GS-52
GS-CK25
CK25
1.0552
1.1155
1.1158
CLA1Gr.B
230-450
C25E
3
ZG270-500
(35)
GS-60
CK35
1.0558
1.1181
A2
270-480
C35E
4
ZG310-570
(45)
GS-70
GS-CK45
10
马氏体不锈钢
Martensitic
X20Cr13
1.4021
2Cr13
AISI 420
420S37
X20Cr13
X20Cr13
11
X3CrNiMo13-4
1.4313
ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo
-
X3CrNiMo13-4
X3CrNiMo13-4
X3CrNiMo13-4
12
X4CrNiMo16-5-1
CK45
1.0554
1.1191
1.1191
A3
340-550
C45E
5
ZG340-640
(55)
CK55
1.1203
-
-
C55E
序号
No.
中国(GB)
德国
DIN EN 10025
英国(BS)
BS EN 10025
国际标准(ISO)
ISO 630
欧洲标准(EN)
EN 10025
(DIN)
W-Nr.
6
1.4317
-
A743
ASTM743
GX4CrNi13-4
-
GX4CrNi13-4
20
A-F
GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3
1.4517
-
A890
ASTM
GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3
-
GX2CrNiMoCuN25-6-3-3
1.4418
-
-
X4CrNiMo16-5-1
X4CrNiMo16-5-1
X4CrNiMo16-5-1
13
-
1.4545
-
15-5PH(spec)
-
-
-
14
X5CrNiCuNb17-4-4
1.4548
-
17-4PH(spec)
-
-
-
序号
No.
种类
Type
德国
DIN EN 10088
中国(GB)
GB 1220
X2CrNiMo18-14-3
6
X3CrNiMo17-13-3
1.4436
0Cr17Ni12Mo2
AISI 316
316S33
X3CrNiMo17-13-3
X3CrNiMo17-13-3
7
X2CrNiMoN17-13-5
1.4439
-
-
-
X2CrNiMoN17-13-5
X2CrNiMoN17-13-5
S355J0
10
16Mn
(GB 8162)
S355J2G3
1.0570
S355J2G3
E355-D
S355J2G3
序号
No.
中国(GB)
GB 3078
德国
DIN EN 10083
英国(BS)
BS EN 10083
国际标准(ISO)
ISO 10250
欧洲标准(EN)
EN 10083
(DIN)
W-Nr.
304S15
X5CrNi18-9
X5CrNi18-10
2
X2CrNi19-11
1.4306
00Cr19Ni10
AISI 304L
304S11
X2CrNi19-11
X2CrNi19-11
3
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
1.4401
0Cr17Ni12Mo2
AISI 316
316S31
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
BS EN 10283
国际标准(ISO)
ISO 4991
欧洲标准(EN)
EN 10283
(DIN)
W-Nr.
18
A
or
A-F
GX5CrNiMo19-11-2
1.4408
00Cr19Ni13Mo3
-
GX5CrNiMo19-11-2
C60/C60H/C61
GX5CrNiMo19-11-2
19
M
GX4CrNi13-4
X5CrNiMo17-12-2
4
X2CrNiMo17-12-2
1.4404
00Cr17Ni14Mo2
AISI 316L
316S11
X2CrNiMo17-12-2
X2CrNiMo17-12-2
5
X2CrNiMo18-14-3
1.4435
00Cr17Ni14Mo2
AISI 316L
316S13
X2CrNiMo18-14-3
序号
No.
种类
Type
中国(GB)
GB 1348
德国
DIN 1693
奥地利
(ONORM)
英国(BS)
BS 2789
国际标准(ISO)
ISO 1083
欧洲标准(EN)
EN 1563
(DIN)
W-Nr.
1
球墨铸铁牌号
Nodular Cast Iron
QT400-18
GGG40
0.7040
SG38
400/17
中国(GB)
GB 1220
美国(
国际标准(ISO)
ISO TR 15510
欧洲标准(EN)
EN 10088
(DIN)
W-Nr.
1
奥氏体不锈钢
Austenitic Stainless Steel
X5CrNi18-10
1.4301
0Cr18Ni9
AISI 304
序号
No.
中国(GB)
GB 11352
GB/T 699
德国
DIN 1681
英国(BS)
BS 3100