工程硕士 GCT 真题 2009_1语言
2009年 英语一真题
2009年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a(n)to 8 .Is there1316, they 201.2.3.4.5.[A] insists on[B] sums up[C] turns out[D] puts forward6.[A] off[B] behind[C] over[D] along7.[A] incredible[B] spontaneous[C] inevitable[D] gradual8.[A] fight[B] doubt[C] stop[D] think9.[A] invisible[B] limited[C] indefinite[D] different10.[A] upward[B] forward[C] afterward[D] backward11.[A] features[B] influences[C] results[D] costs12.[A] outside[B] on[C] by[D] across13.[A] deliver[B] carry[C] perform[D] apply14.[A] by chance[B] in contrast[C] as usual[D] for instance15.[A] if[B] unless[C] as[D] lest16.[A] moderate[B] overcome[C] determine[D] reach17.[A] at[B] for[C] after[D] with18.[A] Above all[B] After all[C] However[D] Otherwise19.[A] fundamental[B] comprehensive[C] equivalent[D] hostile20.[A] By accident[B] In time[C] So far[D] Better stillSection Ⅰ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative implication.So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads."The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. "But we are taught instead to 'decide,' just as our president calls himself 'the Decider.'" She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities."All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. "This breaks the majorrule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will... and Ms. Markova's business partner. "That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.21.In Wordsworth’s view ，“habit” is characterized by being[A] casual[B] familiar[C] mechanical[D] Changeable22.Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habit can be[A] predicted[B] regulated[C] traced[D] guided23.The word "ruts"（Para.4) has closest in meaning to[A] tracks[B] series[C] characteristics[D] connections24.Dawna Markova most probably agree that[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind[B] innovativeness could be taught[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas[D] curiosity activates creative minds25.Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing[A] prevents new habits form being formed[B] no longer emphasizes commonness[C] maintains the inherent American thinking model[D] complies with the American belief systemText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2,500.Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use tofind their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots.Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, "There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a person's test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In Paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's[A] easy availability[B] flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27.PTK is used to[A] locate one's birth place[B] promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to[A] trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29.In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is[A] disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building[C] excessive sample comparison[D] lack of patent evaluation30.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA Testing and It's Problems[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab[D] Lies Behind DNA TestingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. the U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary causes of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -- a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work. What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well. When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.31.The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor countries[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventionally downgraded[D] has been overestimated32.It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new education system[A] challenges economists and politicians[B] takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C] the U.S workforce has a better education[D] the U.S workforce is more organize34.The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people no longer went hungry[D] as a result of pressure on government35.According to the last paragraph , development of education[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits." According to many books and articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and publishedextensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: "Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches.Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. "Our main end was to catch fish."36.The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37.It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38.The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39.The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40.The text suggests that early settlers in New England[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections：In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs, and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________.Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions ofa few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Émile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's social structure,such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F] Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience, but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keepsthe adults loyal to their group.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. "White pollution "is still going on.Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper togive your opinions briefly andmake two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words on ANSHWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)网络的“近”与“远”。
[考研类试卷]工程硕士(GCT)语文(科普文、应用文)历年真题试卷汇编1.doc
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[考研类试卷]工程硕士（GCT）语文（科普文、应用文）历年真题试卷汇编1一、阅读理解题（20小题，每小题2分）下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求。
0 (2009年第3题)阅读下面短文，回答下列问题：2009年罗马游泳世锦赛尘埃落定，高科技泳衣成为了本届世锦赛的焦点话题，以至于比赛本身反而被忽略了。
可实际上，泳衣问题并不是2009年才出现的，只不过Speedo的垄断格局被颠覆，或者说聚亚胺酯材料被竞争对手Jaked01和Arena X—Glide引进，才使得泳坛天下大乱，运动员们不得不把大量精力放在挑选最能提供动力的泳衣上。
“鲨鱼皮泳衣”顾名思义是按照仿生学原理模仿鲨鱼的皮肤制造出的泳衣。
生物学家发现，鲨鱼皮肤表面粗糙的V形皱褶可以大大减少水流的摩擦力，使身体周围的水流更高效地流过，鲨鱼得以快速游动。
在接缝处模仿人类的肌腱，为运动员向后划水时提供动力；在布料上模仿人类的皮肤，富有弹性，实验表明可以减少3％水的阻力。
而国际泳联1999年作出了一个重大决定，那就是允许Speedo鲨鱼皮泳衣在比赛中使用。
不知道是出于厂商利益和泳联让比赛提速的美好愿望，抑或是2000年悉尼奥运会东道主澳大利亚的暗中要求，总之这种泳衣在悉尼奥运会改变了世界泳坛格局，澳大利亚大脚鱼雷索普穿着连体紧身泳衣劈波斩浪，拿到400米自由泳、4×100米自由泳接力和4×200米自由泳接力三块金牌，澳大利亚游泳的全面崛起，很大程度上归功于鲨鱼皮的应用。
2004年雅典奥运会第二代鲨鱼皮闪亮登场，在面料的表面加上颗粒状的小点，目的是减少30％的水阻，整体功能比第一代提升7．5％。
而索普这个时候已经被阿迪达斯高价从Speedo挖走，阿迪达斯专为其定做的“喷气概念”泳衣，跟第二代鲨鱼皮针锋相对。
“喷气概念”由莱卡布料制成，它的弹性增加了选手动作的精确性，就像是第二层皮肤一样地贴身，在减低阻力的同时选手也觉得很舒适。
2009年考研英语一真题答案解析
2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案：Section Ⅰ1-5 B A D B C 11-15 D B C D A6-10 A D C B D 16-20 C B A A CSection ⅡPart A21-25 C D A D A 31-35 D B B C C26-30 A C D A B 36-40 B B D A CPart B41-45 C E A B GPart C46.译文：虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其丰富和完善人生方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初动机的组成部分。
47. 译文：人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这一副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢48. 译文：虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们很容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的影响，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。
49．译文：由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因此我们不仅要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。
50. 译文：这就使我们得以在一只讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正式的教育形式，即直接教授或学校教育。
Section ⅢPart ADear editor，I have been reading your newspaper for many years and now I am writing this letter toinform you of the pressing situation we are facing now.Accustomed to using plastic bags in daily life, some people still take the “white polluti granted, which will greatly worsen our environment. As we know, limiting the use of disposableplastic bags is of utmost significance. Therefore, to save the situation from further aggravating, Iwould like to give the following suggestions:First and foremost, groups and individuals who are polluting our environment by using theplastic disposable plastic bags should be severely punished. In addition, the local media canmake full use of their own influence to publicize the negative effect of plastic bags and enhancepeople’s awareness of environmental protection. Last but not least, new technologies should bedeveloped to find possible alternatives with degradable and renewable materials.I hope that my suggestions are helpful and your prompt attention to my suggestions would behighly appreciated.Sincerely yours，Li MingPart BAs we can see in the picture, many people, old or young, men or women, are in front of acomputer and using the internet in the space just like a huge web of a spider. The caption in thedrawing reads: “the internet: near or far ”.It is obvious that the huge spider web is the symbol of the Internet and the symbolic meaningof the picture is the effect of the internet on people’s way of life.There is no doubt that theInternet provides us with considerable convenience. Internet is revolutionizing our way of living,making many things possible which are beyond our dreams. As a communication tool, the internetmakes us closer than ever before by providing immediate communication via e-mail, QQ, MSN orICQ, no matter how far away our friends are. So in this sense, the internet is making us nearer toeach other.However, there are negative effects of the internet on people’s life. As is shown in the picture people are imprisoned in their own respective small cabins, indulging in their own world. Theychoose contacting online rather than communicating face to face. Due to the addiction to thefictional experience, people seem to have forgotten the traditional and most efficientcommunication method, and thus indifference has become a not uncommon phenomenon in themodern world. We often hear parents complain that they have less and less time chatting withtheir children either because their children spend too much time playing games or chatting onlinewith friends or strangers. Also there are couples who seldom talk with each other. Therefore,internet seems to make near people far away.Hence, how to use modern communicating tools such as internet properly has becomes a hotissue in recent years. While we are enjoying the convenience provided by the internet, we shouldalso bear in mind that human beings are social beings who need real interpersonal interactions.Joint efforts are needed to ensure enough time for people especially families to have face-to-facecommunication with each other. Only in this way can we expect a healthy development of therelationship among individuals.答案详解第一部分英语知识运用这是一篇关于动物智能方面的文章，节选自2008年5月7日刊登在《纽约时报》的The Cost of Smarts（“聪明的代价”）。
2009年GCT考试真题
2009年GCT考试真题第一部分语言表达能力测试（50题，每题2分，满分100分）一、选择题1、下面没有错别字的一句是A、他那不屈不挠、战斗到底的英雄气概常为后人称颂。
B、30多年来，他艰苦创作，潜心琢磨，博采众长，成就斐然。
C、对当年艰苦卓绝的斗争历程，他们至今仍记忆犹新。
D、以小恩小惠拢络人心，并不能真正把大家团结在一起。
2、下面加点的词，意义相同的一组是A、①"夜雨剪春韭"是老杜的诗句吧，清新极了。
②老圃种菜，一畦菜怕不就是一首更清新的诗？B、①两岸的豆麦的清香夹杂在水气中扑面吹来，月色便朦胧在这水气里。
②这朦胧的橘红的光，实在照不了多远。
C、①老孙头慷慨地说："我那玻璃眼倒也乐意换给她，就怕儿马性子烈，她管不住。
"②刘胡兰这位十七岁的女英雄慷慨就义了。
D、①他的面孔黄里带黑，瘦得教人担心，但是精神很好，没有一点颓唐的样子。
②他少年外出谋生，独立支持，做了许多大事。
哪知老境却如此颓唐！3、下列各句中，语义明确、没有歧义的一句是A、桌子上摆放的各种点心和水果那些客人都已经吃了。
B、据外电报道，最近美意正在联合调查一起法官谋杀案。
C、在美国的中国人的子女都会思念远在祖国的父母。
D、经过多方努力，图书馆三分之二的陈旧设备得到置换。
4、下列各句是，没有语病的一句是A、他用自己的行动塑造了巨大的人格力量，感染和影响着周围的人们。
B、这幅作品生动地再现了江南小城的迷人景色和小城居民的生活情趣。
C、这类工艺品最好摆放在茶几、书桌、床头柜或电视柜上比较合适。
D、就流程来说，尼罗河、亚马逊河和长江，分别居世界的第一位、第二位和第三位。
5、下面古文中加点的词，在现代汉语中词义扩大的是A、二人同心，其利断金。
同心之言，其臭如兰。
（《易·系辞上》）B、岛夷皮服，夹右碣石人于河。
（《书·禹贡》）C、江南卑湿，丈夫早夭。
（《史记·食货列传》）D、童子莫对，垂头而睡。
2009年GCT入学资格考试外语运用能力试题及参考答案
2009 年GCT 入学资格考试外语运用能力测试试题（50 题，每题2 分，满分100 分）Part One Vocabulary andStructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1、He added that the state government has made _______ arrangements for the conference.A、accurateB、absoluteC、adequateD、active2、This video may be freely reproduced _______ commercial promotion or sale.A、as forB、except forC、thanks toD、up to3、You______ engage in serious debate or discussion unless you are willing to endure attacks.A、have better notB、had better notC、have better not toD、had better not to4、Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries，_______the time when we were drinking it strongand black，without sugar.A、duringB、forC、beforeD、since5、By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60，three times _____today.A、as much asB、as that ofC、as many asD、as those of6、Saffron returned to London to ______her acting career after four years of modeling.A、followB、chaseC、seekD、pursue7、He has fancy dreams about his life，and nothing ever quite______ his expectations.A、matchesB、makesC、reachesD、realizes8、______my neighbor’s kid with his coming exam，I spend an hour working with him every day.A、To helpB、HelpingC、HelpedD、Having helped9、When I worked as a bank clerk，I had the opportunity to meet a rich_____ of people: students，soldiers and factory workers.A、diversityB、kindC、rangeD、variety10、Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it ______replaced.A、should have beenB、would have beenC、could have beenD、might have beenPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this part there are three passages and one chart，each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, nor do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.On weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour.The time may vary from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. After the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off instead for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity with businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather around the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day’s stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs between people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has yet to meet a deadline. In this sense, these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one’s social life.11、For office workers and businessmen the happy hour is their_______ .A、professional requirementB、regular practiceC、refreshing breakD、unpaid work12、Happy hours are held because office workers need to _______ .A、have a good rest after workB、stay away from household workC、make new friendsD、celebrate their achievements13、The phrase “filled to capacity”in paragraph 2 means the pub is ______.A、too crowdedB、rather entertainingC、completely fullD、very noisy14、Happy hours contribute to office workers’ _____.A、cooperation in societyB、promotion in their companyC、connection in societyD、loyalty to their company15、Which of the following statements is NOT true?A、The happy hour is a social gathering in America.B、People avoid talking about work at happy hours.C、Happy hours are held on weekdays only.D、People exchange work experiences at happy hours.Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Lazy? Shy? Live in a cave? Those might not be positive attributes for the average human, but they sure are good for animals trying to survive in a changing environment. According to a new study, beasts that hibernate (冬眠) or crawl into holes are less likely to be listed as endangered than those that don’t.Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting “sleep or hide”(SLOH) behaviors did better than others, the researchers wanted to see if the same was true of modem creatures like moles and bears. To find out if our more timid animals have a leg up in the survival game, researchers made a master list of 443 sleep-or-hide mammals.With their list in hand, the team compared their 443 to the “red list”of endangered species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. As suspected, a sleepy or hiding animal was less likely to be on the red list than a regular animal, and a red-list animal was also less likely to be a SLOH-er.This makes a lot of sense, as animals that hide away in a cave or a tree hole are protected by theirphysical shelters from a variable environment outside, while hibernators enjoy a flexible metabolism (新陈代谢) that can help them adapt to a changing climate.16、On the list of extinct animals studied, there were________.A、fewer SLOH-ers than regular animalsB、more SLOH-ers than expectedC、as many SLOH-ers as regular animalsD、hardly any SLOH-ers17、The phrase “a leg up”in Paragraph 2 probably means “_________”.A、an instinctB、an advantageC、a fightD、a chance18、The study of modern creatures__________.A、is unrelated to the study of extinct animalsB、finds evidence missing in the study of extinct animalsC、has findings similar to those of the study of extinct animalsD、reveals a different pattern from the study of extinct animals19、According to the passage, red-list animals are more likely to _________.A、be lazyB、be timidC、live longD、sleep less20、In the last paragraph the author________.A、compares the behaviors of sleepers and hidersB、offers an explanation for the survival of sleepers and hidersC、analyzes how a changing environment affects SLOH-ersD、emphasizes what can be learned from SLOH-ersQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:In computing, passwords are commonly used to limit access to official users. Yet the widespread use of passwords has serious drawbacks. Office workers now have to remember an average of twelve system passwords. In theory they should use different passwords for each site, but in reality these would be impossible to remember, so many people use the same password for all.An additional problem is that the majority use simple words such as “hello”, or names of family members, instead of more secure combinations of numbers and letters, such as 6ANV76Y.This permits computer hackers to download dictionaries and quickly find the word that allows them access.When system users forget their passwords there is extra expense in supplying new ones, while if people are forced to change passwords frequently they often write them down, making systems even less secure. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of passwords, which have been used as security devices for thousands of years, may need rethinking.One possible alternative has been developed by the American firm Real User, and is called “Passfaces”. In order to access the system a worker has to select a series of photographs of faces from a randomly (随机地) generated sequence. If the pictures are selected in the correct order, access is granted. This concept depends on the human ability to recognize and remember a huge number of different faces, and the advantage is that such a sequence cannot be told to anyone or written down, so is more secure. It is claimed that the picture sequence, which used photographs of university students, is easier to remember than passwords, and it has now been adopted for theUnited States Senate.21、What is the disadvantage of passwords as mentioned in Paragraph 1?A、They do not ensure security.B、They are difficult to remember.C、They have to be changed frequently.D、They limit computer accessibility.22、One can make a password safer by ________.A、inserting pictures between numbersB、avoiding the use of letters altogetherC、setting up a firewall against computer hackersD、using complicated combinations of numbers and letters23、“Passfaces”is a method to get access to a system through_________.A、remembering a large number of facesB、selecting photographs of faces one likesC、recognizing a sequence of face picturesD、showing one’s face in front of the computer24、One advantage of “Passfaces”over a password is that________.A、it is easier to rememberB、it is more complicatedC、it takes less time to log inD、it allows one to write less25、What does the author think of the password?A、It is an old system that needs improvement.B、It provides as much security as before.C、It should be abandoned by computer users.D、It has developed to an advanced stage.26、Which of the following might be a proper title for the chart?A、FedEx Freight Measurements and MethodsB、FedEx Shipment Regulations in US and Other CountriesC、FedEx International Freight Customer Service GuideD、FedEx Express Freight and Air Cargo Service Restrictions27、What’s the minimum weight a shipment must reach in order to be transported by air?A、No restrictions.B、68kg.C、122kg.D、997kg.28、If you need to ship something 300cm long within US, which service can you choose?A、Shipment in less than 1 day.B、Shipment in 1 or 2 days.C、Shipment in 3 days.D、Shipment in more than 3 days.29、What does “girth”possibly mean?A、Measurement around an object.B、Measurement of object weight.C、Formula to calculate object width.D、Formula to calculate object length.30、FedEx services have different restrictions on the goods’_______.A、maximum weight per pieceB、maximum length plus girth per pieceC、maximum length per pieceD、maximum height per piecePart Three ClozeDirections：There are ten blanks in the following passage．For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANS WER SHEET with a single line through the center．Fueled by weather, wind, and dry undergrowth, uncontrolled wildfires can burn acres of land—and consume everything in their way—in mere minutes.31, more than 100,000 wildfires clear 4 million to 5 million acres of land in the U.S. every year. A wildfire moves at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, consuming everything-trees, bushes, homes, even humans-in its 32.There are three conditions that need to be 33 in order for a wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Fuel is any material 34 a fire that will burn quickly and easily, including trees, grasses, bushes, even homes. Air supplies the oxygen a fire 35 to burn. Heat sources help spark the wildfire and bring fuel to 36 hot enough to start burning. Lightning, burning campfires or cigarettes, hot winds, and even the sun can all provide 37 heat to spark a wildfire.38 often harmful and destructive to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play a positive role in nature. They 39 nutrients to the soil by burning dead or decaying matter. They remove diseased plants and harmful insects from a forest ecosystem (生态系统). And by burning 40 thick trees and bushes, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of young plants to grow.31、A、After all B、Above all C、In sum D、On average32、A、route B、track C、path D、trace33、A、stable B、present C、fixed D、favorable34、A、surrounding B、keeping C、causing D、making35、A、acquires B、needs C、captures D、meets36、A、materials B、places C、temperatures D、conditions37、A、additional B、excessive C、plentiful D、sufficient38、A、Although B、As C、If D、Whereas39、A、drive B、reduce C、return D、assign40、A、over B、through C、below D、beyondPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections：In this part，there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers，each followed by four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue．Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．41、Speaker A: Hi, My name is Mark. I’m from Houston, Texas.Speaker B: I’m Bill. Glad to meet you. What year are you?Speaker A: ________.A、I was born in 1990B、I’e been here for yearsC、I’ 19 years oldD、I’ a first-year student42、Speaker A: I’ getting pretty bored. We should do something despite the rain.Speaker B: _______ What do you have in mind?A、I back you up.B、Who cares?C、I’ with you.D、I like the rain.43、Man: We had a trip to South Africa this summer.Woman:________Man: Yes, we did. In fact, we even encountered a lion.A、Didn’ you?B、How did it go?C、I bet you had a great time.D、I guess you did.44、Man: Do you know Jason’ phone number?Woman: _______Man: OK. I might as well look it up in the phone book.A、Just a second.B、Not that I know of.C、I can’ think of it now.D、Why ask?45、Interviewer: Let me see if I understood you. You mean that you can work extra hours if needed, right?Interviewee: __________A、Yes. No matter what you say.B、Yes. Thank you for your clarification.C、Yes. You sure understand me.D、Yes. Absolutely.46、Speaker A: Thanks to John, we’e lost our most important client.Speaker B: I’e told you he’ not proper for the position.Speaker A: _______.A、I don’ really agree with youB、I should have listened to youC、It doesn’ matter. I trust himD、Thank you for being so helpful47、Greg: Hey Merlin. I’ like to ask you a question.Merlin: ________Greg: Well, I’ thinking about going to Sweden. What’ the best time to go?A、Yes, go ahead.B、Sorry, I’ kind of busy.C、OK, what’ up?D、Yeah, what’ on your mind?48、Woman: I need to buy a wedding gift for Jane and Dealer.Man: Should we stop at the shopping center?Woman: _______. The wedding’not until next weed, but I won’ have time later to get them anything.A、Won’ be necessaryB、I suppose soC、It’ your callD、If you insist49、Donald: Let’ eat out, shall we?Mason: I’ broke. I’e gone through my paycheck for the weed already.Donald: Don’ worry. ________.A、We can find a wayB、Let’ split the billC、Just fast foodD、It’ my treat50、Teacher: Richard, class begins at 9, and you are late.Student: I know, but I missed my bus. I’ sorry.Teacher: __________. You have to be here on time.A、Don’ mention itB、That’ no excuseC、You needn’ beD、No problem2009 年GCT 入学资格考试外语运用能力测试试题参考答案与解析1【答案】C【解析】四个选项的意思分别是accurate 正确无误的，精确的；absolute 十足的，绝对的；active 活跃的，主动的，积极的；adequate 充足的，足够的，适当的。
2009年GCT考试(英语)真题及答案
2009年G C T考试(英语)真题及答案第四部分外语运用能力测试(英语)(50题，每题2分，满分100分)Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Markyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. He added that the state government has made _________ arrangements for the conference.A. accurateB. absoluteC. adequateD. active2. This video may be freely reproduced __________ commercial promotion or sale.A. as forB. except forC. thanks toD. up to3. You ___________ engage in serious debate or discussion unless you are willing to endure attacks.A. have better notB. had better notC. have better not toD. had better not to4. Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries, _________ the time when we were drinking it strong and black, without sugar.A. duringB. forC. beforeD. since5. By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60, three times _________ today.A. as much asB. as that ofC. as many asD. as those of6. Saffron returned to London to __________ her acting career after four years of modeling.A. followB. chaseC. seekD. pursue7. He has fancy dreams about his life, and nothing ever quite ____________ his expectations.A. matchesB. makesC. reachesD. realizes8. ___________ my neighbor's kid with his coming exam, I spend an hour working with him every day.A. To helpB. HelpingC. HelpedD. Having helped9. When I worked as a bank clerk, I had the opportunity to meet a rich ___________ of people: students, soldiers and factory workers.A. diversityB. kindC. rangeD. variety10. Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it_____________ replaced.A. should have beenB. would have beenC. could have beenD. might have beenPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this part there are three passages and one chart, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, nor do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.On weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may vary from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. After the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off instead for the nearest bar or pub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity with businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather around the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day's stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs between people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has yet to meet a deadline. In this sense, these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one's social life.11. For office workers and businessmen the happy hour is their ____________.A. professional requirementB. regular practiceC. refreshing breakD. unpaid work12. Happy hours are held because office workers need to ___________.A. have a good rest after workB. stay away from household workC. make new friendsD. celebrate their achievements13. The phrase "filled to capacity" in Paragraph 2 means the pub is _____________.A. too crowdedB. rather entertainingC. completely fullD. very noisy14. Happy hours contribute to office workers' __________.A. cooperation in societyB. promotion in their companyC. connection in societyD. loyalty to their company15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The happy hour is a social gathering in America.B. People avoid talking about work at happy hours.C. Happy hours are held on weekdays only.D. People exchange work experiences at happy hours.Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Lazy? Shy? Live in a cave? Those might not be positive attributes for the average human, but they sure are good for animals trying to survive in a changing environment. According to a new study, beasts that hibernate (冬眠) or crawl into holes are less likely to be listed as endangered than those that don't.Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting "sleep or hide" (SLOH) behaviors did better than others, the researchers wanted to see if the same was true of modern creatures like moles and bears. To find out if our more timid animals have a leg up in the survival game, researchers made a master list of 443 sleep-or-hide mammals.With their list in hand, the team compared their 443 to the "red list" of endangered species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. As suspected, a sleepy or hiding animal was less likely to be on the red list than a regular animal, and a red-list animal was also less likely to be a SLOH-er.This makes a lot of sense, as animals that hide away in a cave or a tree hole are protected by their physical shelters from a variable environment outside, while hibernators enjoy a flexible metabolism (新陈代谢) that can help them adapt to a changing climate.16. On the list of extinct animals studied, there were _____________.A. fewer SLOH-ers than regular animalsB. more SLOH-ers than expectedC. as many SLOH-ers as regular animalsD. hardly any SLOH-ers17. The phrase "a leg up" in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. an instinctB. an advantageC. a fightD. a chance18. The study of modem creatures ___________.A. is unrelated to the study of extinct animalsB. finds evidence missing in the study of extinct animalsC. has findings similar to those of the study of extinct animalsD. reveals a different pattern from the study of extinct animals19. According to the passage, red-list animals are more likely to ____________.A. be lazyB. be timidC. live longD. sleep less20. In the last paragraph the author ____________.A. compares the behaviors of sleepers and hidersB. offers an explanation for the survival of sleepers and hidersC. analyzes how a changing environment affects SLOH-ersD. emphasizes what can be learned from SLOH-ersQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:In computing, passwords are commonly used to limit access to official users. Yet the widespread use of passwords has serious drawbacks. Office workers now have to remember an average of twelve system passwords. In theory they should use different passwords for each site, but in reality these would be impossible to remember, so many people use the same password for all.An additional problem is that the majority use simple words such as "hello", or names of family members, instead of more secure combinations of numbers and letters, such as 6ANV76Y. This permits computer hackers to download dictionaries and quickly find the word that allows them access.When system users forget their passwords there is extra expense in supplying new ones, while if people are forced to change passwords frequently they often write them down, making systems even less secure. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of passwords, which have been used as security devices for thousands of years, may need rethinking.One possible alternative has been developed by the American firm Real User, and is called "passfaces". In order to access the system a worker has to select a series of photographs of faces from a randomly (随机地) generated sequence. If the pictures are selected in the correct order, access is granted. This concept depends on the human ability to recognize and remember a huge number of different faces, and the advantage is that such a sequence cannot be told to anyone or written down, so is more secure. It is claimed that the picture sequence, which used photographs of university students, is easier to remember than passwords, and it has now been adopted for the United States Senate.21. What is the disadvantage of passwords as mentioned in Paragraph 1 ?A. They do not ensure security.B. They are difficult to remember.C. They have to be changed frequently.D. They limit computer accessibility.22. One can make a password safer by _____________.A. inserting pictures between numbersB. avoiding the use of letters altogetherC. setting up a firewall against computer hackersD. using complicated combinations of numbers and letters23. "Passfaces" is a method to get access to a system through ___________.A. remembering a large number of facesB. selecting photographs of faces one likesC. recognizing a sequence of face picturesD. showing one's face in front of the computer24. One advantage of "Passfaces" over a password is that ____________.A. it is easier to rememberB. it is more complicatedC. it takes less time to log inD. it allows one to write less25. What does the author think of the password?A. R is an old system that needs improvement.B. It provides as much security as before.C. R should be abandoned by computer users.D. It has developed to an advanced stage.Questions 26-30 are based on the following chart:FedExServiceRestrictions U.S. EXPRESS FREIGHTINTERNATIONALEXPRESSFREIGHTINTERNATIONAL AIR CARGO1 or2 DayFreight3 DayFreightInternationalPriority Freight orEconomy FreightInternationalPremium orExpress FreightInternationalAirport toAirportMinimum weightper piece orshipment 68kg68kg68kgNo minimumrestrictionsNo minimumrestrictionsMaximum weightper piece 997kg 997kg 997kg 997kg 997kgMaximum length Plus girth per piece 762cm762cm762cm762cm762cmMaximum lengthper piece 302cm302cm302cm302cm302cmMaximum heightper piece 178cm 178cm 178cm 178cm 178cm26. Which of the following might be a proper title for the chart?A. FedEx Freight Measurements and MethodsB. FedEx Shipment Regulations in US and Other CountriesC. FedEx International Freight Customer Service GuideD. FedEx Express Freight and Air Cargo Service Restrictions27. What's the minimum weight a shipment must reach in order to be transported by air?A. No restrictions.B. 68kg.C. 122kg.D. 997kg.28. If you need to ship something 300cm long within US, which service can you choose?A. Shipment in less than 1 day.B. Shipment in 1 or 2 days.C. Shipment in 3 days.D. Shipment in more than 3 days.29. What does "girth" possibly mean?A. Measurement around an object.B. Measurement of object weight.C. Formula to calculate object width.D. Formula to calculate object length.30. FedEx services have different restrictions on the goods' ____________.A. maximum weight per pieceB. maximum length plus girth per pieceC. maximum length per pieceD. maximum height per piecePart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Fueled by weather, wind, and dry undergrowth, uncontrolled wildfires can burn acres of land—and consume everything in their way—in mere minutes.31 , more than 100,000 wildfires clear 4 million to 5 million acres of land in the U.S. every year. A wildfire moves at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, consuming everything—trees, bushes, homes, even humans—in its 32.There are three conditions that need to be 33 in order for a wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Fuel is any material 34 a fire that will burn quickly and easily, including trees, grasses, bushes, even homes. Air supplies the oxygen a fire 35 to burn. Heat sources help spark the wildfire and bring fuel to 36 hot enough to start burning. Lightning, burning campfires or cigarettes, hot winds, and even the sun can all provide 37 heat to spark a wildfire.38 often harmful and destructive to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play a positive role in nature. They 39 nutrients to the soil by burning dead or decaying matter. They remove diseased plants and harmful insects from a forest ecosystem (生态系统). And byburning 40 thick trees and bushes, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of young plants to grow.31. A. After all B. Above all C. In sum D. On average32. A. route B. track C. path D. trace33. A. stable B. present C. fixed D. favorable34. A. surrounding B. keeping C. causing D. making35. A. acquires B. needs C. captures D. meets36. A. materials B. places C. temperatures D. conditions37. A. additional B. excessive C. plentiful D. sufficient38. A. Although B. As C. If D. Whereas39. A. drive B. reduce C. return D. assign40. A. over B. through C. below D. beyondPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, eachfollowed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriatelysuits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. Speaker A: Hi. My name is Mark. I'm from Houston, Texas.Speaker B: I'm Bill. Glad to meet you. What year are you?Speaker A: ___________.A. I was born in 1990B. I've been here for yearsC. I'm 19 years oldD. I'm a first-year student42. Speaker A: I'm getting pretty bored. We should do something despite the rain.Speaker B: ____________. What do you have in mind?A. I back you up.B. Who cares?C. I'm with you.D. I like the rain.43. Man: We had a trip to South Africa this summer.Woman: ___________.Man: Yes, we did. In fact, we even encountered a lion.A. Didn't you?B. How did it go?C. I bet you had a great time.D. I guess you did.44. Man: Do you know Jason's phone number?Woman: ____________.Man: OK. I might as well look it up in the phone book.A. Just a second.B. Not that I know of.C. I can't think of it now.D. Why ask?45. Interviewer: Let me see if I understood you. You mean that you can work extra hours if needed, right?Interviewee: ______________.A. Yes. No matter what you say.B. Yes. Thank you for your clarification.C. Yes. You sure understand me.D. Yes. Absolutely.46. Speaker A: Thanks to John, we've lost our most important client.Speaker B: I've told you he's not proper for the position.Speaker A: __________.A. I don't really agree with youB. I should have listened to youC. It doesn't matter. I trust himD. Thank you for being so helpful47. Greg: Hey Merlin. I'd like to ask you a question.Merlin: ____________.Greg: Well, I'm thinking about going to Sweden. What's the best time to go?A. Yes, go ahead.B. Sorry, I'm kind of busy.C. OK, what's up?D. Yeah, what's on your mind?48. Woman: I need to buy a wedding gift for Jane and Desler.Man: Should we stop at the shopping center?Woman: _____________. The wedding's not until next week, but I won't have time later to get them anything.A. Won't be necessaryB. I suppose soC. It's your callD. If you insist49. Donald: Let's eat out, shall we?Mason: I'm broke. I've gone through my paycheck for the week already.Donald: Don't worry. ___________.A. We can find a wayB. Let's split the billC. Just fast foodD. It's my treat50. Teacher: Richard, class begins at 9, and you are late.Student: I know, but I missed my bus. I'm sorry.Teacher: ___________. You have to be here on time.A. Don't mention itB. That's no excuseC. You needn't beD. No problem英语:1-5 CBBDC 6-10 DCADA11-15 BACCB 16-20 ABCDB21-25 BDCAA 26-30 DABAB31-35 DABCB 36-40 CDACA41-45 DACCD 46-50 BCBDB。
[考研类试卷]工程硕士(GCT)语文(病句、歧义句、修辞)历年真题试卷汇编1.doc
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[考研类试卷]工程硕士（GCT）语文（病句、歧义句、修辞）历年真题试卷汇编1一、选择题（15题，每小题2分）下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1 (2003年第5题)下列各句中，<u>没有</u>语病的一句是：（A）我们要学会正确的立场、方法和观点，去解决问题、分析问题和提出问题。
（B）文件对经济领域中的若干重要问题，从理论上和政策上做了详细的规定和深刻的说明。
（C）为了防止不再发生类似事故，单位领导制定了一系列切实加强安全保卫工作的措施。
（D）我国宪法规定，公民享有宪法和法律规定的权利，同时必须履行宪法和法律规定的义务。
2 (2004年第4题)下列句子中，没有语病的一句是：（A）在高等教育规模迅速扩大的新形势下，对高校的管理工作提出了更高的要求。
（B）这些经验值得广大管理干部，特别是各企业主要领导的重视。
（C）在客观事实面前，谁也无法否认他的确完成了常人难以完成的工作。
（D）老王看到了领导的批示，才使他心里的一块石头落了地。
3 (2005年第3题)下面没有语病的一句是：（A）“费改税”能否遏制住愈演愈烈的乱收费现象，这对农村工作是个考验。
（B）亚健康状态，往往受到无规律的生活和沉重的学习工作压力而引起。
（C）一听说有盛夏的免费音乐节，许多的附近居民早早就赶来，等待观看。
（D）就反腐败这样一个国际性的顽疾来说，“公开”是最有效的一剂良药。
4 (2006年第3题)下列各句中，没有语病的一句是：（A）随着改革开放的日益深入，每年到绥芬河市观光旅游的人次逐步攀升。
（B）校长非常理解他这次因县里召开第三届教学能手大赛而耽误正常上课。
（C）对于网上发布的应取消房屋预售制度的各种意见，专家持否定态度。
（D）是否具有坚忍不拔的毅力和卓尔不凡的智慧，是成为杰出人才的重要条件。
5 (2007年第6题)下列各句中，没有语病的一句是：（A）该电厂每年的发电量，除供当地使用外，还向北：京、天津输送。
GCT2009年考试试卷答案(含语文数学逻辑外语)
2009年10月在职GCT英语真题（A卷）第四部分外语运用能力测试（英语）（50题，每题2分，满分100分）Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1、He added that the state government has made _______ arrangements for the conference.A、accurateB、absoluteC、adequateD、active【答案】C【翻译】他补充道，州政府为这次会议做出了适当安排。
【解析】近形词辨析2、This video may be freely reproduced _______ commercial promotion or sale.A、as forB、except forC、thanks toD、up to【答案】B【翻译】不用于商业推广或销售，这个视频资料可以免费复制。
【解析】固定搭配3、You______ engage in serious debate or discussion unless you are willing to endure attacks.A、have better notB、had better notC、have better not toD、had better not to【答案】B【翻译】你最好不要卷入严肃的争论或者讨论之中，除非你愿意承受攻击。
2009年英语一真题翻译
2009年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English对动物智力的研究总是让我们思考人类到底有多聪明。
思考一下卡尔齐默周二发表在科学时代刊物上的文章所描述的果蝇实验。
有些果蝇比普通果蝇聪明，但是寿命较短。
这表明暗淡的灯泡使用时间更长，也表明不亮是灯泡的一个优点。
事实证明，智力是要付出昂贵的代价。
它需要更高的给养、消耗更多的燃料，因为智力依靠的是学习，而学习是一个循序渐进的过程，不是一种本能，所以离开起点时缓慢。
许多其他的物种也有学习能力，很显然他们学到的东西之一就是知道何时停止。
有限的智力是否有适应值呢？这也是我感兴趣的该项研究的课题。
这个实验不是让我们急切地回顾那些被我们划为低智商的物种，而是含蓄在问我们自己智力的真正代价是什么。
这就是我们遇到每种动物时的想法。
对动物智力的研究也让我思考，如果动物有机会的话，他们会对人类作什么样的实验。
比如说，每只有主人的猫都在进行一个小型的操作性条件反射研究。
我们认为如果动物也能进行实验的话，他们会测定我们的忍耐度，忠诚度，以及对地形的记忆力。
他们会试图判定人类智力的实际用处，而不仅仅是判定人类智力的高低。
最重要的是他们希望研究一个最基本的问题：人类是否真正意识到了自己所生存的世界？对此，目前仍无定论。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1习惯是一件有趣的现象。
我们在无意识的状态下就能形成，使我们的头脑处于自动导航，放松地进入一种无意识的惯性当中。
威廉·华兹华斯曾在19世纪说过“并非选择，但是习惯支配着没有思想的人”。
在千变万化的21世纪，“习惯”这个词却有着消极的含义。
因此在这种情况下把习惯谈作创造力和革新似乎是自相矛盾的。
但是大脑研究者发现人们有意识地培养新的习惯时，我们就创造出一种平行的轨道，甚至是全新的脑细胞，这可以使我们思绪的列车进入一个新的或者创新的轨道上。
2009考研英语(一)真题及答案解析
2009考研英语（一）真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning —a gradual 7 —instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,”William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit”carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,”says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind”and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’”She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,”explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...”and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.”ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore –and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,”says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ”According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexualconfusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often __________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. 43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. 45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,”in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is naturaland important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to1) give your opinions briefly and2) make two or three suggestionsYou should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Section I Use of English答案解析：1. B.本题考查动词，后面的宾语是“the fruit-fly experiments described…”，suppose表示“假设”，observe表示“观察”，image表示“想象”，Consider“考虑”，代入文中表示“考虑已经被描述出来的实验”，符合语境。
2009年全国硕士研究生考试英语一真题及参考答案
2009年英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer‘s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright。
Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they‘ve apparently learned is when to 8 。
2009年 GCT 考试真题及答案解读
2009年GCT语文试题及答案分析第一部分语言表达能力测试（50题，每题2分，满分100分）一、选择题1、下面没有错别字的一句是A、他那不屈不挠、战斗到底的英雄气概常为后人称颂。
B、30多年来，他艰苦创作，潜心琢磨，博采众长，成就斐然。
C、对当年艰苦卓绝的斗争历程，他们至今仍记忆犹新。
D、以小恩小惠拢络人心，并不能真正把大家团结在一起。
考查错别字。
选B(A句中"慨"字错了，应为"概"。
C句中"尤"错了，应为"犹"。
D句中"拢"字错了，应为"笼"。
)2、下面加点的词，意义相同的一组是A、①"夜雨剪春韭"是老杜的诗句吧，清新极了。
②老圃种菜，一畦菜怕不就是一首更清新的诗？B、①两岸的豆麦的清香夹杂在水气中扑面吹来，月色便朦胧在这水气里。
②这朦胧的橘红的光，实在照不了多远。
C、①老孙头慷慨地说："我那玻璃眼倒也乐意换给她，就怕儿马性子烈，她管不住。
"②刘胡兰这位十七岁的女英雄慷慨就义了。
D、①他的面孔黄里带黑，瘦得教人担心，但是精神很好，没有一点颓唐的样子。
②他少年外出谋生，独立支持，做了许多大事。
哪知老境却如此颓唐！考查词的多义性。
选A。
（B组①句中的"朦胧"是动词，指融入、混合。
②句的"朦胧"是形容词，指光线不明，看不清。
C组①句"慷慨"指大方不吝啬。
②句"慷慨"指充满正气,情绪激昂。
D组①句"颓唐"是形容词，指情绪低落，精神不振。
②句"颓唐"指境况衰败，凄凉萧索。
)3、下列各句中，语义明确、没有歧义的一句是A、桌子上摆放的各种点心和水果那些客人都已经吃了。
B、据外电报道，最近美意正在联合调查一起法官谋杀案。
C、在美国的中国人的子女都会思念远在祖国的父母。
2009年工程硕士GCT英语考试完型填空指导十一
2009年工程硕士GCT英语考试完型填空指导十一
词汇语法之名词法
•When I at last 1 the town, I felt 2 tired to go in 3 of a room at once so I went into the nearest restaurant to where I had parked my car and sat down at a table. A waitress was clearing up the remains of a meal which must have 4 eaten by at least forty people.
1. [A] got [B] reached [C] arrived [D] attained
2. [A] very [B] very much [C] too [D] so
3. [A] search [B] searching [C] look [D] looking
4. [A]be [B] being [C] been [D] to be
•考试中，名词题一般每次出现2到3题，不容忽视。
这类题主要是考查词义辨析以及名词与文中其余部分形成适合题意的搭配两个方面。
例如， 2004年考了2个名词题，其中一题是关于名词与句中动词能否形成适当语义的问题，另一题要通过词义辨析才能解答。
有鉴于此，我们建议考生在学习积累词汇时要特别注意名词的搭配及近义词辨析。
2009年GCT真题A卷外语运用能力测试
2009年GCT真题A卷外语运用能力测试Dbetter not to4. Coffee has been a favorite drink for centuries, _________ the time when we were drinking it strong and black, without sugar.A. duringB. forC. beforeD. since5. By 2050 the world will have about 2 billion people aged over 60, three times _________ today.A. as much asB. as that ofC. as many asD. as those of6. Saffron returned to London to __________ her acting career after four years of modeling.A. followB. chaseC. seekD. pursue7. He has fancy dreams about his life, and nothing ever quite ____________ his expectations.A. matchesB. makesC. reachesD. realizes8. ___________ my neighbor's kid with his coming exam, I spend an hour working with him every day.A. To helpB. HelpingC. HelpedD. Having helped9. When I worked as a bank clerk, I had the opportunity to meet a rich ___________ of people: students, soldiers and factory workers.A. diversityB. kindC. rangeD. variety10. Cuts in funding have meant that equipment has been kept in service long after it _____________ replaced.A. should have beenB. would have beenC. could have beenD. might have beenPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this part there are three passages and one chart, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Happy hours are not necessarily happy, nor do they last for an hour, but they have become a part of the ritual of the office worker and businessman.On weekdays in pubs and bars throughout America, there is the late afternoon happy hour. The time may vary from place to place, but usually it is held from four to seven. After the workday is finished, office workers in large cities and small towns take a relaxing pause and do not go directly home. They head off instead for the nearest bar orpub to be with friends, co-workers and colleagues. Within minutes the pub is filled to capacity with businessmen and secretaries, office clerks and stock executives. They gather around the bar like birds around a fountain or forest animals around a watering hole and chat about the trifles of office life or matters more personal. This is their desert garden, the place to relieve the day's stress at the office.At these happy hours, social binding occurs between people who share the same workplace or similar professions. They may chat about each other or talk about a planned project that has yet to meet a deadline. In this sense, these places become extensions of the workplace and constitute a good portion of one's social life.11. For office workers and businessmen the happy hour is their____________.A. professional requirementB. regular practiceC. refreshing breakD. unpaid work12. Happy hours are held because office workers need to ___________.A. have a good rest after workB. stay away from household workC. make new friendsD. celebrate their achievements13. The phrase "filled to capacity" in Paragraph 2 means the pub is _____________.A. too crowdedB. rather entertainingC. completely fullD. very noisy14. Happy hours contribute to office workers' __________.A. cooperation in societyB. promotion intheir companyC. connection in societyD. loyalty to their company15. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The happy hour is a social gathering in America.B. People avoid talking about work at happy hours.C. Happy hours are held on weekdays only.D. People exchange work experiences at happy hours. Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Lazy? Shy? Live in a cave? Those might not be positive attributes for the average human, but they sure are good for animals trying to survive in a changing environment. According to a new study, beasts that hibernate (冬眠) or crawl into holes are less likely to be listed as endangered than those that don't.Following up a previous study on extinct animals, which showed that species exhibiting "sleep or hide" (SLOH) behaviors did better than others, the researchers wanted to see if the same was true of modern creatures like moles and bears. To find out if our more timid animals have a leg up in the survival game, researchers made a master list of 443 sleep-or-hide mammals.With their list in hand, the team compared their 443 to the "red list" of endangered species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. As suspected, a sleepy or hiding animal was less likely to be on the red list than a regular animal, and a red-list animal was also less likely to be a SLOH-er.This makes a lot of sense, as animals that hide away in a cave or a tree hole are protected by their physical shelters from a variable environment outside, while hibernators enjoy a flexible metabolism (新陈代谢) that can help them adapt to a changing climate.16. On the list of extinct animals studied, there were _____________.A. fewer SLOH-ers than regular animalsB. more SLOH-ers than expectedC. as many SLOH-ers as regular animalsD. hardly any SLOH-ers17. The phrase "a leg up" in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. an instinctB. an advantageC. a fightD. a chance18. The study of modem creatures ___________.A. is unrelated to the study of extinct animalsB. finds evidence missing in the study of extinct animalsC. has findings similar to those of the study of extinct animalsD. reveals a different pattern from the study of extinct animals19. According to the passage, red-list animals are more likely to____________.A. be lazyB. be timidC. live longD. sleep less20. In the last paragraph the author ____________.A. compares the behaviors of sleepers and hidersB. offers an explanation for the survival of sleepers and hidersC. analyzes how a changing environment affects SLOH-ersD. emphasizes what can be learned from SLOH-ersQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:In computing, passwords are commonly used to limit access to official users. Yet the widespread use of passwords has serious drawbacks.Office workers now have to remember an average of twelve system passwords. In theory they should use different passwords for each site, but in reality these would be impossible to remember, so many people use the same password for all.An additional problem is that the majority use simple words such as "hello", or names of family members, instead of more secure combinations of numbers and letters, such as 6ANV76Y. This permits computer hackers to download dictionaries and quickly find the word that allows them access.When system users forget their passwords there is extra expense in supplying new ones, while if people are forced to change passwords frequently they often write them down, making systems even less secure. Therefore, it is clear that the idea of passwords, which have been used as security devices for thousands of years, may need rethinking.One possible alternative has been developed by the American firm Real User, and is called "passfaces". In order to access the system a worker has to select a series of photographs of faces from a randomly (随机地) generated sequence. If the pictures are selected in the correct order, access is granted. This concept depends on the human ability to recognize and remember a huge number of different faces, and the advantage is that such a sequence cannot be told to anyone or written down, so is more secure. It is claimed that the picture sequence, which used photographs of university students, is easier to remember than passwords, and it has now been adopted for the United States Senate.21. What is the disadvantage of passwords as mentioned in Paragraph 1 ?A. They do not ensure security.B. They are difficult to remember.C. They have to be changed frequently.D. They limit computer accessibility.22. One can make a password safer by _____________.A. inserting pictures between numbersB. avoiding the use of letters altogetherC. setting up a firewall against computer hackersD. using complicated combinations of numbers and letters23. "Passfaces" is a method to get access to a system through ___________.A. remembering a large number of facesB. selecting photographs of faces one likesC. recognizing a sequence of face picturesD. showing one's face in front of the computer24. One advantage of "Passfaces" over a password is that ____________.A. it is easier to rememberB. it is more complicatedC. it takes less time to log inD. it allows one to write less25. What does the author think of the password?A. R is an old system that needs improvement.B. It provides as much security as before.C. R should be abandoned by computer users.D. It has developed to an advanced stage.Questions 26-30 are based on the following chart:FedExServiceRestrictions U.S. EXPRESS FREIGHTINTERNATIONALEXPRESSFREIGHTINTERNATIONAL AIR CARGO1 or2 DayFreight3 DayFreightInternationalPriority Freight orEconomy FreightInternationalPremium orExpress FreightInternationalAirport toAirportMinimum weightper piece orshipment 68kg68kg68kgNo minimumrestrictionsNo minimumrestrictionsMaximum weightper piece 997kg 997kg 997kg 997kg 997kg Maximum length Plus girth per piece 762cm 762cm762cm762cm762cmMaximum lengthper piece 302cm302cm302cm302cm302cmMaximum heightper piece 178cm 178cm 178cm 178cm 178cm26. Which of the following might be a proper title for the chart?A. FedEx Freight Measurements and MethodsB. FedEx Shipment Regulations in US and Other CountriesC. FedEx International Freight Customer Service GuideD. FedEx Express Freight and Air Cargo Service Restrictions27. What's the minimum weight a shipment must reach in order to be transported by air?A. No restrictions.B. 68kg.C. 122kg.D. 997kg.28. If you need to ship something 300cm long within US, which service can you choose?A. Shipment in less than 1 day.B. Shipment in 1 or 2 days.C. Shipment in 3 days.D. Shipment in more than 3 days.29. What does "girth" possibly mean?A. Measurement around an object.B. Measurement of object weight.C. Formula to calculate object width.D. Formula to calculate object length.30. FedEx services have different restrictions on the goods' ____________.A. maximum weight per pieceB. maximum length plus girth per pieceC. maximum length per pieceD. maximum height per piecePart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Fueled by weather, wind, and dry undergrowth, uncontrolled wildfires can burn acres of land—and consume everything in their way—in mere minutes.31 , more than 100,000 wildfires clear 4 million to 5 million acres of land in the U.S. every year. A wildfire moves at speeds of up to 23 kilometers an hour, consuming everything—trees, bushes, homes, even humans—in its 32.There are three conditions that need to be 33 in order for a wildfire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Fuel is any material 34 a fire that will burn quickly and easily, including trees, grasses, bushes, even homes. Air supplies the oxygen a fire 35 to burn. Heat sources help spark the wildfire and bring fuel to 36 hot enough to start burning. Lightning, burning campfires or cigarettes, hot winds, and even the sun can all provide 37 heat to spark a wildfire.38 often harmful and destructive to humans, naturally occurring wildfires play a positive role in nature.They 39 nutrients to the soil by burning dead or decaying matter.They remove diseased plants and harmful insects from a forest ecosystem (生态系统). And by burning 40 thick trees and bushes, wildfires allow sunlight to reach the forest floor, enabling a new generation of young plants to grow.31. A. After all B. Above all C. Insum D. On average32. A. route B. track C.path D. trace33. A. stable B. present C.fixed D. favorable34. A. surrounding B. keeping C. causing D. making35. A. acquires B. needs C.captures D. meets36. A. materials B. places C. temperatures D. conditions37. A. additional B. excessive C.plentiful D. sufficient38. A. Although B. As C.If D. Whereas39. A. drive B. reduce C.return D. assign40. A. over B. through C.below D. beyondPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, eachfollowed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that mostappropriatelysuits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. Speaker A: Hi. My name is Mark. I'm from Houston, Texas.Speaker B: I'm Bill. Glad to meet you. What year are you?Speaker A: ___________.A. I was born in 1990B. I've been here for yearsC. I'm 19 years oldD. I'm afirst-year student42. Speaker A: I'm getting pretty bored. We should do something despite the rain.Speaker B: ____________. What do you have in mind?A. I back you up.B. Who cares?C. I'm with you.D. I like the rain.43. Man: We had a trip to South Africa this summer.Woman: ___________.Man: Yes, we did. In fact, we even encountered a lion.A. Didn't you?B. How did it go?C. I bet you had a great time.D. I guess you did.44. Man: Do you know Jason's phone number?Woman: ____________.Man: OK. I might as well look it up in the phone book.A. Just a second.B. Not that I know of.C. I can't think of it now.D. Why ask?45. Interviewer: Let me see if I understood you. You mean that you can work extra hours if needed, right?Interviewee: ______________.A. Yes. No matter what you say.B. Yes. Thank you for your clarification.C. Yes. You sure understand me.D. Yes. Absolutely.46. Speaker A: Thanks to John, we've lost our most important client.Speaker B: I've told you he's not proper for the position.Speaker A: __________.A. I don't really agree with youB. I should have listened to youC. It doesn't matter. I trust himD. Thank you for being so helpful47. Greg: Hey Merlin. I'd like to ask you a question.Merlin: ____________.Greg: Well, I'm thinking about going to Sweden. What's the best time to go?A. Yes, go ahead.B. Sorry, I'm kind of busy.C. OK, what's up?D. Yeah, what's on your mind?48. Woman: I need to buy a wedding gift for Jane and Desler.Man: Should we stop at the shopping center?Woman: _____________. The wedding's not until next week, but I won't have time later to get them anything.A. Won't be necessaryB. I suppose soC. It's your callD. If you insist49. Donald: Let's eat out, shall we?Mason: I'm broke. I've gone through my paycheck for the week already.Donald: Don't worry. ___________.A. We can find a wayB. Let's split the billC. Just fast foodD. It's my treat50. Teacher: Richard, class begins at 9, and you are late.Student: I know, but I missed my bus. I'm sorry.Teacher: ___________. You have to be here on time.A. Don't mention itB. That's no excuseC. You needn't beD. No problem英语:1-5 CBBDC 6-10 DCADA11-15 BACCB 16-20 ABCDB21-25 BDCAA 26-30 DABAB31-35 DABCB 36-40 CDACA41-45 DACCD 46-50 BCBDB。
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就是指
A．了解国家的法律与政策
B．了解成功与失败的原因
C．了解经济领域发生的大事
D．对竞争环境和策略的研究和度量
12．毛泽东同志在《中国革命战争的战略问题》中指出：“在有强大敌军存在的条件下，无论
自己有多少军队，在一个时间内，主要的使用方向只应有一个，不应有两个。”该论述体
现了
A．集中资源原则
B．把握时机原则
C．用了借代的修辞手法，刻画某人的突出特征
D．用了借代的修辞手法，表现对某人的嘲笑和厌恶
GCT 试卷 A（语言） 第 4 页 共 14 页
20．在下面文字横线处填上与上下文衔接最恰当的一段话。
愈是古远的时代，人类的活动愈是受自然条件的限制。
A．阴山南麓的沃野，正是内蒙西部水草最肥美的地方。任何游牧民族只要进入内蒙西部，
A．正面人物
B．反面人物
C．主要人物
D．典型人物
GCT 试卷 A（语言） 第 5 页 共 14 页
24．流动资产是指流动性大，周转期短，并占企业全部投资较大比重的资产，因此，
不．
属．于．流动资产。
A．存货
B．现金
C．短期投资
D．生产线
25．管理幅度是指所直接管辖人数的多少，一般而言， 可以使管理幅度增加。
是。
A．《齐民要术》、《梦溪笔谈》、《新仪象法要》、《天工开物》
B．《齐民要术》、《天工开物》、《梦溪笔谈》、《新仪象法要》
C．《天工开物》、《梦溪笔谈》、《新仪象法要》、《齐民要术》
D．《梦溪笔谈》、《新仪象法要》、《天工开物》、《齐民要术》
23．文艺作品中的 常常被作为一种“共名”来运用，比如阿 Q、红娘等等。
②他少年外出谋生，独立支持，做了许多大事。哪知老境却如此颓．唐．！ 3．下列各句中，语义明确、没．有．歧义的一句是
A．桌子上摆放的各种点心和水果那些客人都已经吃了。 B．据外电报道，最近美意正在联合调查一起法官谋杀案。 C．在美国的中国人的子女都会思念远在祖国的父母。 D．经过多方努力，图书馆三分之二的陈旧设备得到置换。 4．下列各句中，没．有．语病的一句是 A．他用自己的行动塑造了巨大的人格力量，感染和影响着周围的人们。 B．这幅作品生动地再现了江南小城的迷人景色和小城居民的生活情趣。 C．这类工艺品最好摆放在茶几、书桌、床头柜或电视柜上比较合适。 D．就流程来说，尼罗河、亚马逊河和长江，分别居世界的第一位、第二位和第三位。 5．下面古文中加点的词，在现代汉语中词义扩大的是 A．二人同心，其利断金。同心之言，其臭．如兰。（《易·系辞上》） B．岛夷皮服，夹右碣石入于河．。（《书·禹贡》） C．江南卑湿，丈．夫．早夭。（《史记·食货列传》） D．童子莫对，垂头而睡．。（《秋声赋》）
驾车”。
A．小于 0.2mg/ml
B．大于或等于 0.2mg/ml，小于 0.8mg/ml
C．大于 0.8mg/ml
D．大于或等于 0.8mg/ml，小于 1.2mg/ml
GCT 试卷 A（语言） 第 6 页 共 14 页
①岩边树色含风 ，石上泉声带雨秋。（宋之问）
②沾衣欲湿杏花雨，吹面不 杨柳风。（释志南）
③竹深树密虫鸣处，时有微 不是风。（杨万里）
④腊日常年 尚遥，今年腊日冻全消。（杜甫）
A．寒、暖、冷、凉
B．凉、寒、暖、冷
C．冷、寒、凉、暖
D．冷、凉、寒、暖
22．北魏贾思勰所著 ，内容非常丰富，有农业百科全书之称。北宋沈括所著 ，总
第一部分 语言表达能力测试
（50 题，每题 2 分，满分 100 分）
一、选择题 1．下面没．有．错别字的一句是
A．他那不屈不挠、战斗到底的英雄气慨常为后人称颂。 B．30 多年来，他艰苦创作，潜心琢磨，博采众长，成就斐然。 C．对当年艰苦卓绝的斗争历程，他们至今仍记忆尤新。 D．以小恩小惠拢络人心，并不能真正把大家团结在一起。 2．下面加点的词，意义相同的一组是 A．①“夜雨剪春韭”是老杜的诗句吧，清．新．极了。
顺利培养交接，是女足能否顺利 的关键所在。
A．颐指气使
涣然冰释
承上启下
B．耳提面命
烟消云散
承前启后
C．颐指气使
烟消云散
承前启后
D．耳提面命
涣然冰释
承上启下
18．在下面文字中的横线处，依次填入最恰当的关联词语。
知识 可以带来幸福， 假如把它压缩成药丸子灌下去，就丧失了乐趣。 ，
有人这样来对待自己的孩子，那不是我能管的事，我只是对孩子表示同情而已。
转起来。而上升空气膨胀变冷，其中的水汽冷却凝结形成水滴时，要放出热量，又促使
低层空气不断上升。这样近洋面气压下降得更低，空气旋转得更加猛烈，从而形成了台
风。以下不．属．于．台风产生必要条件的是 A．广阔的高温、高湿的大气
B．大气低层向中心汇聚、高层向外扩散的扰动
C．水汽冷却凝结形成水滴
D．足够大的地转偏向力作用
一个物体转移到别的物体，在转化或转移的过程中其总量不变，这就是能量守恒定律。
如果在一个密封的，即不存在热量的进入或散失的房间内，打开一个正在工作的电冰箱
门，最终房间内的温度将 。
A．降低
B．不变
C．升高
D．无法确定
29．在生态系统的食物链中，凡是以相同方式获取相同性质食物的植物类群或动物类群称作
一个营养级，在食物链中从初级生产者植物起到顶部肉食动物止。“螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后”
①作为伏明霞最感激的教练，郭克顺不仅有严父般的 ，还有慈母般的脉脉温情，这
两方面综合，使她总能在国际大赛上处于最佳状态。
②越来越多的年轻人在周末选择三五好友结伴自驾车出游，徜徉大自然的秀丽风光之中，
一个星期以来工作的压力、疲惫、郁闷就都 了。
③现在的中国国家女子足球队正处在新老交替的关键时期，能否寻找到有希望的好苗子并
14．微波通常呈现出穿透、反射、吸收三个基本特性。微波炉正是一种用微波加热食品的现
代化烹调用具。以下各项不．能．体现微波这些基本特性的是 A．微波炉中可以使用玻璃、塑料器皿进行加热
B．微波炉中不可使用金属器皿进行加热
C．微波炉可以煮出蛋黄凝固、蛋白仍是液态的鸡蛋
D．微波炉的输出功率随时可调，且不存在“余热”现象
GCT 试卷 A（语言） 第 2 页 共 14 页
10．“齐风俗，一民心”反映了德育的
A．社会性功能
B．个性生存功能
C．个体享用功能
D．经济性功能
11．在《计篇》中，孙子开宗明义地阐述道：“兵者，国之大事也。死生之地，存亡之道，不
可不察也。”这句话对今天的商战仍然具有启发意义。这里的“察”，对经营者来说主要
16．在下列各句横线处，依次填入最恰当的词语。
①有些广告用谐音字 成语，对学生的语文学习产生不良影响。
②为充实管理干部队伍，公司 了一些管理经验丰富的退休职工。
③他分管的工作事务繁杂，一年也难得 几天。
A．篡改 启用 清净
B．窜改 启用 清静
C．窜改 起用 清净
D．篡改 起用 清静
17．在下列各句横线处，依次填入最恰当的成语。
内蒙西部水草最肥美的地方。任何游牧民族只要进入内蒙西部，就必须占据这个沃野。
D．特别是那些还没有定居下来的游牧民族，更要依靠自然的恩赐。任何游牧民族只要进
入内蒙西部，就必须占据这个沃野。阴山南麓的沃野，正是内蒙西部水草最肥美的地方。
21．在下列诗句的空格中，依次填入表示温度感觉的字，最恰当的一组是 。
风明月，池馆重新接草堂。
A．陆游
白居易
岳飞
辛弃疾
B．苏轼
元稹
岳飞
陆游
C．辛弃疾
白居易
诸葛亮
陆游
D．苏轼
元稹
诸葛亮
辛弃疾
9．下面咏花的诗句中，不．是．咏梅花的一联是 A．宁可枝头抱香死，何曾吹堕北风中。
B．雪满山中高士卧，月明林下美人来。
C．忽然一夜清香发，散作乾坤万里春。
D．丑怪惊人能妩媚，断魂只有晓寒知。
A．下属的工作内容有较大差异性
B．组织信息化程度提高
C．下属的能力较差
D．组织所面临的环境变化较快
26．中华人民共和国的国家机构实行 原则。
A．民主集中制
B．少数服从多数
C．首长负责制
D．议行合一
27．我国刑法关于溯及力的规定采取 。
A．从旧原则
B．从新兼从轻原则
C．从轻原则
D．从旧兼从轻原则
28．能量既不会凭空产生，也不会凭空消失，它只能从一种形式转化为另一种形式，或者从
GCT 试卷 A（语言） 第 1 页 共 14 页
6．下列关于文史知识的表述中，错．误．的一项是 A．宋代史学十分发达，出现了大批重要的史学家，欧阳修是其中杰出代表，著有《新五
代史》，并与宋祁合著有《新唐书》。
B．现代作家林语堂，提倡“闲适幽默”的小品文，曾编辑《论语》、《宇宙风》等杂志，
是现代文坛上所谓“论语派”的代表。
C．量力而行原则
D．扬长避短原则
13．“莫拉克”台风于 2009 年 8 月 2 日下午 5 时形成于菲律宾东面约 1000 公里处，随后给菲
律宾、中国台湾和中国大陆等地造成了极大的损失。台风的形成过程是：在洋面温度超
过 26℃以上的热带或副热带海洋上，由于近洋面气温高，大量空气膨胀上升，使近洋面
气压降低，外围空气源源不断地补充流入上升区。受地转偏向力的影响，流入的空气旋
②老圃种菜，一畦菜怕不就是一首更清．新．的诗？ B．①两岸的豆麦的清香夹杂在水气中扑面吹来，月色便朦．胧．在这水气里。
②这朦．胧．的橘红的光，实在照不了多远。 C．①老孙头慷．慨．地说：“我那玻璃眼倒也乐意换给她，就怕儿马性子烈，她管不住。”
②刘胡兰这位十七岁的女英雄慷．慨．就义了。 D．①他的面孔黄里带黑，瘦得教人担心，但是精神很好，没有一点颓．唐．的样子。