仁爱英语七年级下册语法讲解：一般现在时、现在进行时及一般过去时
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
时态大比拼
一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时
时态
Tense
在英语中，不同时间发生的动作 或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来 表现。
重点掌握
每种时态的概念、信息词、 结构、句式变化、以及某些时态 间的相互区别
①Be动词 am、is、are/was、were
②助动词（只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态 和语气等动词形式。） do、does/did/done ③情态动词（表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人 的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓 语动词。） can、may、could、need、must、shoud
What did you do yesterday?
They were in Beijing a week ago.
I played football last night.
2. 句子构成: “主语+动词的过去式+其他”; 1) 系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was
are → were
陈述句:主语+be动词的过去式+其他
第三人称单数 study- studies
过去式 need- needed
look - looking
begin- beginning use-
一般现在时
一般现在时表常常发生的动作或经常存在的状态, 常 和always, often, usually, every day, sometimes等表示 时间的状语连用. e.g. I go to school every day. He is always like that. Where do you live? What do you do here?
注意:在否定句或者疑问句中,有了助动词 did后,行为动词要还原, 不能再写成过去式.
2. 规则动词过去时的变化规则
构成方法 原形 过去式
wanted answered moved died carried cried
stopped planned
want 一般情况在动词原形后加-ed answer move 以字母e 结尾的动词，只加-d die 以“ 辅音字母+y ”结尾的动 carry 词，把y 改为i,再加-ed cry
一般现在时 :
last night, last…, two days ago, …ago,
一般过去时 : in 1999, in +过去的年份, just now =a moment ago,
yesterday,
yesterday morning
判断下列信息词是属于哪种时态
last night now every day Look! yesterday often Listen!
否定句:主语+be动词的过去式+not+其他
疑问句: be动词的过去式+主语+其他?
eg： Mike was in the United States last year. Mike was not (wasn’t) in the United States last year. --Was Mike in the United states? --Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
①直接加-ing.
sleep---sleeping speak---speaking study---studying say---saying
②重读“辅元辅”结构，双写尾字母加ing. 现在分词
stop---stopping run---running sit---sitting forget---forgetting
各时态常用的信息词
现在进行时： now , Look! Listen! at this time Where is …? Don’t talk! It’s 8:00am. always , usually, often, sometimes ,seldom, never, every day, every… ,three times a day
现在进行时的构成形式有: 肯定句,疑问句, 否定句,疑问否定式
肯定句
疑问句
否定句
I am working.
Am I working?
I am not working.
He(She, It) is working.
We are working.
Is he(she, it) working?
Are we working?
我们在一般现在时中学过:当谓语动词为行为 动词时,在句子变成疑问句或否定句时, 我们 必须加上助动词do或does, 而在过去时中, 我们借助did这个词来完成。 e.g. He played football yesterday. He didn’t play football yesterday. --Did he play football yesterday? --Yes, he did./No, he didn’t.
的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday,
last night, in 1990, two days ago...)连用;
2) 也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作, 常和表示 频度的时间状语(如often, always…)连用。
e.g. My father was at work yesterday afternoon. He always went to work by bus last year. I was born in 1990.
He(She, It) is not working?
We are not working.
You are working.
They are working?
Are you working?
You are not working?
Are they working? They are not working.
Are you a worker? Is he(she, it) a worker? Are we workers? Are you worker?
They are workers. They are not workers. Are they workers?
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
I work. He(She, It) works. We work. You work. They work.
They aren’t having classes. 5.Jane played the guitar last night. Did Jane play the guitar last night? Jane didn’t play the guitar last night.
现在分词 have - having
I do not work.
Do I work?
He(She, It) does not Does he(she, it) work. work? We do not work. You do not work. They do not work. Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?
They were at home yesterday. 注意:带有be动词的过去时的句子,一定要看清 主语再正确选择用was还是were.
2) 行为动词的一般过去时: 陈述句: 主语+动词过去式+其它 I go to the movie. →I went to the movie. 否定句: 主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其它 I don’t go to school today. →I didn’t go to school. 一般疑问句: Did +主语+动词原形+其它 Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast?
现在进行时：
(The Present Continuous Tense)
现在正在进行的动作
时 一般现在时：经常或习惯性的动 态 (The Simple
Present Tense)
作或存在的状态。
一般过去时： 过去某个时间或时间段发 (The Simple 生的动作或存在的状态。 Past Tense)
①直接加-s.
play—plays， want—wants， know—knows， help—helps
动词第三人 称 单数的构成：
②以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾加-es.
guess—guesses teach—teaches brush—brushes ， go—goes， do—does， watch—watches
的构成：
③以e 结尾去e加-ing .
make---making take---taking come---coming have---having
④以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
die---dying lie---lying
一般过去时
1.定义:
1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在
一般现在时的构成形式有: 肯定句, 疑问句, 否定句, 疑问否定式
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
I am a worker. He/She/It is a worker. We are workers. You are worker.
I am not a worker. He(She, It) is not a worker. We are not workers. You are not worker.
一般现在时
一般过去时
two years ago
always in 1897 three times a week
现在进行时
1. He is a teacher.
先（一般疑问句）
Is he a teacher?
再（否定句）
句 型 变 化 操 练
He isn’t a teacher. 2. Kangkang comes from China. Does Kangkang come from China? Kangkang doesn’t come from China. 3. I usually take the bus to work. Do you usually take the bus to work? I don’t usually take the bus to work. 4.They are having classes. Are they having classes?
动词的类别
（根据其在句中的功能）
④系动词（后跟形容词构成系表结构） look、taste、smell、feel、get、become ⑤实义动词（行为）动词（有完整的词义，并能单独 作谓语） 及物动词后面必须跟宾语 buy, catch, invent, found, like, 及物动词后面必须跟宾语 agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die,
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只 有一个辅音字母，先双写该 辅音字母，再加-ed
stop plan
动词过去式的不规则变化
am, is—was go—went have—had take—took eat—ate get—got sleep—slept write—wrote are—were do—did come—came say—said see—saw put—put give—gave read—read /red/
③以“辅音+y “结尾变y 为i再加-es.
study—studies， carry—carries， fly—flies， worry—worries
现在进行时
现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作,可和now, look, listen, at present, at this moment, these days等时间 词连用. e.g. What are you doing now, John? Where are you doing? The telephone is ringing, would you answer it? I’m not doing anything at present. He is writing a novel these days.
一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时
时态
Tense
在英语中，不同时间发生的动作 或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来 表现。
重点掌握
每种时态的概念、信息词、 结构、句式变化、以及某些时态 间的相互区别
①Be动词 am、is、are/was、were
②助动词（只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态 和语气等动词形式。） do、does/did/done ③情态动词（表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人 的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓 语动词。） can、may、could、need、must、shoud
What did you do yesterday?
They were in Beijing a week ago.
I played football last night.
2. 句子构成: “主语+动词的过去式+其他”; 1) 系动词be的过去时: am(is) →was
are → were
陈述句:主语+be动词的过去式+其他
第三人称单数 study- studies
过去式 need- needed
look - looking
begin- beginning use-
一般现在时
一般现在时表常常发生的动作或经常存在的状态, 常 和always, often, usually, every day, sometimes等表示 时间的状语连用. e.g. I go to school every day. He is always like that. Where do you live? What do you do here?
注意:在否定句或者疑问句中,有了助动词 did后,行为动词要还原, 不能再写成过去式.
2. 规则动词过去时的变化规则
构成方法 原形 过去式
wanted answered moved died carried cried
stopped planned
want 一般情况在动词原形后加-ed answer move 以字母e 结尾的动词，只加-d die 以“ 辅音字母+y ”结尾的动 carry 词，把y 改为i,再加-ed cry
一般现在时 :
last night, last…, two days ago, …ago,
一般过去时 : in 1999, in +过去的年份, just now =a moment ago,
yesterday,
yesterday morning
判断下列信息词是属于哪种时态
last night now every day Look! yesterday often Listen!
否定句:主语+be动词的过去式+not+其他
疑问句: be动词的过去式+主语+其他?
eg： Mike was in the United States last year. Mike was not (wasn’t) in the United States last year. --Was Mike in the United states? --Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t.
①直接加-ing.
sleep---sleeping speak---speaking study---studying say---saying
②重读“辅元辅”结构，双写尾字母加ing. 现在分词
stop---stopping run---running sit---sitting forget---forgetting
各时态常用的信息词
现在进行时： now , Look! Listen! at this time Where is …? Don’t talk! It’s 8:00am. always , usually, often, sometimes ,seldom, never, every day, every… ,three times a day
现在进行时的构成形式有: 肯定句,疑问句, 否定句,疑问否定式
肯定句
疑问句
否定句
I am working.
Am I working?
I am not working.
He(She, It) is working.
We are working.
Is he(she, it) working?
Are we working?
我们在一般现在时中学过:当谓语动词为行为 动词时,在句子变成疑问句或否定句时, 我们 必须加上助动词do或does, 而在过去时中, 我们借助did这个词来完成。 e.g. He played football yesterday. He didn’t play football yesterday. --Did he play football yesterday? --Yes, he did./No, he didn’t.
的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday,
last night, in 1990, two days ago...)连用;
2) 也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作, 常和表示 频度的时间状语(如often, always…)连用。
e.g. My father was at work yesterday afternoon. He always went to work by bus last year. I was born in 1990.
He(She, It) is not working?
We are not working.
You are working.
They are working?
Are you working?
You are not working?
Are they working? They are not working.
Are you a worker? Is he(she, it) a worker? Are we workers? Are you worker?
They are workers. They are not workers. Are they workers?
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
I work. He(She, It) works. We work. You work. They work.
They aren’t having classes. 5.Jane played the guitar last night. Did Jane play the guitar last night? Jane didn’t play the guitar last night.
现在分词 have - having
I do not work.
Do I work?
He(She, It) does not Does he(she, it) work. work? We do not work. You do not work. They do not work. Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?
They were at home yesterday. 注意:带有be动词的过去时的句子,一定要看清 主语再正确选择用was还是were.
2) 行为动词的一般过去时: 陈述句: 主语+动词过去式+其它 I go to the movie. →I went to the movie. 否定句: 主语+助动词didn’t+动词原形+其它 I don’t go to school today. →I didn’t go to school. 一般疑问句: Did +主语+动词原形+其它 Do you have breakfast? →Did you have breakfast?
现在进行时：
(The Present Continuous Tense)
现在正在进行的动作
时 一般现在时：经常或习惯性的动 态 (The Simple
Present Tense)
作或存在的状态。
一般过去时： 过去某个时间或时间段发 (The Simple 生的动作或存在的状态。 Past Tense)
①直接加-s.
play—plays， want—wants， know—knows， help—helps
动词第三人 称 单数的构成：
②以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾加-es.
guess—guesses teach—teaches brush—brushes ， go—goes， do—does， watch—watches
的构成：
③以e 结尾去e加-ing .
make---making take---taking come---coming have---having
④以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y ，再加ing
die---dying lie---lying
一般过去时
1.定义:
1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在
一般现在时的构成形式有: 肯定句, 疑问句, 否定句, 疑问否定式
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
I am a worker. He/She/It is a worker. We are workers. You are worker.
I am not a worker. He(She, It) is not a worker. We are not workers. You are not worker.
一般现在时
一般过去时
two years ago
always in 1897 three times a week
现在进行时
1. He is a teacher.
先（一般疑问句）
Is he a teacher?
再（否定句）
句 型 变 化 操 练
He isn’t a teacher. 2. Kangkang comes from China. Does Kangkang come from China? Kangkang doesn’t come from China. 3. I usually take the bus to work. Do you usually take the bus to work? I don’t usually take the bus to work. 4.They are having classes. Are they having classes?
动词的类别
（根据其在句中的功能）
④系动词（后跟形容词构成系表结构） look、taste、smell、feel、get、become ⑤实义动词（行为）动词（有完整的词义，并能单独 作谓语） 及物动词后面必须跟宾语 buy, catch, invent, found, like, 及物动词后面必须跟宾语 agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die,
以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只 有一个辅音字母，先双写该 辅音字母，再加-ed
stop plan
动词过去式的不规则变化
am, is—was go—went have—had take—took eat—ate get—got sleep—slept write—wrote are—were do—did come—came say—said see—saw put—put give—gave read—read /red/
③以“辅音+y “结尾变y 为i再加-es.
study—studies， carry—carries， fly—flies， worry—worries
现在进行时
现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作,可和now, look, listen, at present, at this moment, these days等时间 词连用. e.g. What are you doing now, John? Where are you doing? The telephone is ringing, would you answer it? I’m not doing anything at present. He is writing a novel these days.