2013年高考真题解析——浙江卷(英语)纯word版

2013·浙江卷
第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：单项填空(共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分)
从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1．— Hey, can I ask you a favor?
—Sure，________
A. here you are.
B. just as I thought.
C. how is it going?
D. what can I do for you?
1．D考查情景交际。

句意：——嘿，能帮个忙吗？——当然可以，怎么帮？A项意为“给你”；B项意为“正如我想的一样”；C项意为“最近怎么样？事情进展得怎么样？”都与前面的请求帮助的要求不一致，所以这里选D 项。

2．Mary worked here as a ________ secretary and ended up getting a full-time job with the company.
A. pessimistic
B. temporary
C. previous
D. cautious
2．B考查形容词辨析。

句意：玛丽刚开始在公司是兼职秘书，但最终她在这里得到了全职工作。

temporary符合语境，意为“临时的，临时性质的”。

pessimistic意为“悲观的”；previous意为“先前的”；cautious意为“紧张的，谨慎的”，都不符合语境，故选B项。

3．I ________ myself more—it was a perfect day.
A. shouldn't have enjoyed
B. needn't have enjoyed
C. wouldn't have enjoyed
D. couldn't have enjoyed
3．D考查情态动词。

句意：我从没有玩得这么高兴过——真是完美的一天。

此处是not与more连用，表示“非常地肯定”，相当于“最高级形式”，同时couldn't have done表示“过去本不可能做过某事，但实际上却做了”，是对过去情况的一种推测，故选D项。

4．As the world's population continues to grow, the ________ of food becomes more and more of a concern.
A. worth
B. supply
C. package
D. list
4．B考查名词辨析。

句意：随着世界人口的不断增加，食品供应问题越来越受到人们的关注。

the supply of food表示“食品供应”，符合句意。

worth 意为“价值”；package意为“包装”；list意为“单子，名册”。

5．The children, ________ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what
B. all of which
C. all of them
D. all of whom
5．D考查定语从句。

该句中的先行词是the children，此处先行词在定语从句中作主语，同时表示“人”，应该用关系代词whom，故选D项。

6．If we leave right away, ________ we'll arrive on time.
A. hopefully
B. curiously
C. occasionally
D. gradually
6．A考查副词辨析。

句意：如果我们马上出发的话，我们很有希望能准时到达。

hopefully表示“有希望地”；curiously意为“好奇地”；occasionally 意为“偶尔地”；gradually意为“逐渐地”。

根据题意，选A项。

7．________how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing
B. Hear
C. Having heard
D. To be hearing
7．A考查非谓语动词。

在该句中，要注意区分现在分词和动名词的用法。

根据句子结构知，此处creates前面的主语应该是“________how others react to the book you have just read”，其中“you have just read”是定语从句修饰the book，所以
此处空格中应该用动名词形式，故选A项。

8．Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam________ at the age of six months old.
A. was
B. be
C. were
D. is
8．B考查虚拟语气。

recommend作“建议”讲时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语动词用should do，其中should可以省略，选B项。

9．When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to________ it with important points.
A. conclude
B. lead
C. avoid
D. hold
9．A考查动词辨析。

句意：当小组讨论将要结束的时候，要确保对讨论内容的要点进行总结。

conclude表示“得出结论，做出总结”，符合题意，选A 项。

lead意为“导致”；avoid意为“避免”；hold意为“拿着，握着，容纳”，都与语境不符。

10．During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ________ sharply.
A．was increasing B．has increased
C．had increased D．will be increasing
10．B考查动词的时态。

从句意“在过去的三十年中，参加健身锻炼的人数已经大大地增加了”知，increase的动作虽然发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，同时由during the last three decades可知，该空应该用现在完成时态，所以只有B 项符合语境。

11．Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A．these B．some
C．ones D．those
11．D考查代词辨析。

句意：在16个国家中的受访人当中有一半人说，在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候，他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。

所以
这里用those来指代提到的那些被调查的人。

A项these意为“这些，这些(人)”；B项some意为“一些(人)”；C项ones表示“不带定冠词的名词复数形式”，都与语境不符，故选D项。

12．A good listener takes part in the conversation, ________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A. realizing
B. copying
C. offering
D. misunderstanding
12．C考查动词辨析。

句意：善于倾听的人在谈话的时候，往往会提出自己的想法和问题，从而使得谈话能流畅地进行下去。

offer表示“提供，提出”，符合题意。

realize意为“意识到”；copy意为“复制”；misunderstand意为“误解”，都与语境不符。

13．The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. why
13．B考查定语从句。

该句中的先行词是a viewing platform，此处先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，选B项。

14．It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ________，I'll set the table.
A. As a result
B. On the whole
C. In the meanwhile
D. As a matter of fact
14．C考查介词短语辨析。

句意：如果你能去商店买些我们晚餐需要的东西，那就太好了。

与此同时，我也会摆好餐具的。

空格处表示“同时，与此同时”的含义，所以用in the meanwhile。

as a result意为“结果是……”；on the whole 意为“总体上”；as a matter of fact意为“事实上”，都与语境不符，所以选C 项。

15．People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.
A. a; an
B. a; /
C. /; the
D. the; an
15．A考查冠词。

第一空a preference表示“一种倾向性的喜好”，用不定冠词a表示“一个，一种”的概念，同时have/develop a preference for sth.也可以看作是固定词组，表示“对某物的偏好，喜爱”；而第二空at an early age是固定词组，意为“在幼年时期”，也表示“一个，一种”的概念。

故选A项。

16．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. whether
16．B考查同位语从句。

此处是由that引导的同位语从句，指代belief的具体内容，同时从句中不缺少成分，所以用that引导，这里选B项。

17．Bears ________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up
B. build up
C. bring up
D. take up
17．B考查动词短语辨析。

句意：熊在整个夏季和秋季积累脂肪，以便在冬天冬眠的时候有足够的能量。

build up意为“积聚，积累”，符合句意。

pack up 意为“打包整理”；bring up意为“抚养长大”；take up则意为“从事，占据”，都与语境不符，所以选B项。

18．If what your friend comes up with surprises you, don't reject it immediately. ________，imagine that it is true.
A. Thus
B. Besides
C. Rather
D. Otherwise
18．C考查副词辨析。

句意：如果你朋友的想法让你感到吃惊，不要一下子就拒绝接受，相反地，就想象一下当它是真的吧。

rather在这里的词义相对比较特殊，意为“相反地，反之”，符合题意。

thus意为“由此，因此”；besides 意为“除……之外(还)”；otherwise意为“否则”，都不符合题意，所以选C项。

19．There are some health problems that, when ________ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated
B. not being treated
C. not to be treated
D. not having been treated
19．A考查非谓语动词。

在该句中，逻辑主语是some health problems，与treat之间构成被动关系，所以用过去分词，when not treated in time是when they are not treated in time 的省略，选A项。

B、C和D项虽然也都表示被动，但B项强调正在进行的动作；C项强调将来的动作；D项则强调已经完成的动作，故都排除。

20．—Excuse me, but could I trouble you for some change?
—________. Will pennies do?
A. I know
B. Never mind
C. I am sure
D. Let me see
20．D考查情景交际。

句意：——对不起，能换点零钱吗？——我看一下，换成便士可以吗？此处let me see表示“让我看一看”，而其他选项都与上下文不一致，所以选D项。

第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1, 满分20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21～40各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program. In my application letter, I was careful to __21__ how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in my words. Once I __22__ that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and __23__ friends. While traveling was inspiring and meeting people was __24__，nothing about my term in France was what I __25__.
The moment I arrived in Paris, I was __26__ by a nice French couple who would become my host parents. My entire experience was joyous and exciting __27__ I received some shocking news from my program coordinator (协调人)：there had been a death in my host parents' extended family. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to __28__ out of one family's house and into another. The exchange coordinator told me I'd have a __29__ this time and asked whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the temptation (诱惑) to __30__ my native language, I asked not to be __31__ with an English-speaking roommate. When I got to my new room, I __32__ myself to my new roommate Paolo,
a Brazilian(巴西人) the same age as I, whom I was surprised to find playing one of my favorite CDs! In just a few hours, we knew we'd be good friends for the rest of the __33__.
I left France with many __34__，so when people ask me what my favorite part of the trip was, they are always __35__ to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and the scores of weekdays in class, weeknights on the town, and weekends __36__ France we enjoyed together. I love how people __37__ seem so different, but end up being so __38__. The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasn't just to respect the French people __39__ to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful __40__.
21．A. discuss B. express
C. announce
D. argue
22．A. approved B. knew
C. warned
D. denied
23．A. stubborn B. anxious
C. universal
D. interesting
24．A. boring B. upsetting
C. exciting
D. promising
25．A. expected B. liked
C. doubted
D. feared
26．A. sponsored B. witnessed
C. greeted
D. supported
27．A. until B. when
C. since
D. while
28．A. move B. travel
C. walk
D. rush
29．A. housekeeper B. leader
C. roommate
D. colleague
30．A. learn B. appreciate
C. speak
D. master
31．A. combined B. fitted
C. involved
D. placed
32．A. added B. introduced
C. devoted
D. adapted
33．A. term B. week
C. month
D. vacation
34．A. presents B. suitcases
C. stories
D. dreams
35．A. surprised B. disturbed
C. embarrassed
D. concerned
36．A. analyzing B. exploring
C. describing
D. investigating
37．A.need B．shall
C．must D．can
38．A.generous B．independent
C．similar D．distant
39．A.and B．but
C．or D．so
40．A.instructions B．friendships
C．facts D．data
【要点综述】本文是一篇记叙文。

常言说“友谊之花无国界”，在文章中，作者介绍了自己作为交换生去法国学习的经历。

在法国求学期间，他碰到了一位来自巴西的同龄人，也是室友，他们结下了深厚的友谊。

回国后，作者感慨万分，友谊并不会因为肤色和语言而褪色，相反，友谊之花可以绽放全球。

21．B考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

我在申请信中认真地表达了(express)我非常想去法国的想法。

discuss意为“讨论”；announce意为“宣布”；argue 意为“争辩，辩论”，都与语境不符。

22．B考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

当我得知我真要去(法国)的时候，我想到的都是快乐……，此处用know意为“知道，了解到”。

approve意为“赞同”；warn意为“警告”；deny意为“否定”，都不符合题意。

23．D考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。

从语境和上文的fun可知，我想象的就是交到一些新朋友，一些有意思的朋友，故用interesting“有趣的，有意思的”。

stubborn意为“固执的”；anxious意为“焦虑的”；universal意为“普遍的”，都不符合语境。

24．C考查形容词词义辨析。

从inspiring可以推知，这是非常令人兴奋的事情，故用exciting。

boring意为“乏味的”；upsetting意为“令人情绪低落的”；promising意为“有前途的”，都不符合语境。

25．A考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

从下文知，此处表示“我所预料到的”，故用expect。

26．C考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

我到达巴黎的时候，有一对当地的夫妻来接我，他们是接待我的“法国家庭”。

greet“欢迎，接待”，符合语境。

sponsor意为“主办，赞助”；witness意为“见证，目击”；support意为“支持”，都不符合语境，故选C项。

27．A考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。

上文提到joyous and exciting，而下文提到…a death…，由此可知此处意为“直到……”，有转折意味，故用until。

28．A考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

从上下文知，由于原先的接待家庭出现了变故，所以我将不得不换一户居住，故用move意为“搬迁，搬家”。

travel 意为“旅游”；walk意为“走路”；rush意为“跑，冲”，都与语境不符，故选A项。

29．C考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

从下文share a bedroom推知，我现在将会有一个室友和我一起住，所以选C项roommate。

30．C考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

从全文知，作者是来自英语国家的交换生，所以如果跟也来自英语国家的学生同住的话，则很有可能都会讲英语，所以用speak，意为“讲(某种语言)”。

31．D考查动词词义辨析。

结合30题可知，我要求不要把我和也是讲英语的学生放在(place)一起，据此选D项。

combine意为“结合”；fit意为“适合”；
involve意为“卷入”，都不符合语境。

32．B考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

从下文知，我是跟一位巴西学生住在一起，所以我先要做自我介绍，故用introduced。

33．A考查名词词义辨析。

从25空前面的term并结合语境知，我们相信在这个学期(term)剩下的日子里我们将成为好朋友，答案选A项。

34．C考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

从下文知，我带着很多故事(story)回到了英国。

35．A考查动词词义辨析。

我谈到我的巴西朋友的时候，人们都感到很吃惊，故用surprised。

36．B考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。

从上下文知，我们一起去探索(explore)法国……analyze意为“分析”；describe意为“描述”；investigate意为“调查”，都不符合语境。

37．D考查情态动词。

此处考查can表示可能性，所以根据语境选D项。

38．C考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。

从前文的different知，虽然人们看起来是多么地不同，但最终却又如此地相似(similar)，故选C项。

39．B考查连词词义辨析。

根据上下文，这里表示转折关系，是not just…but…“不是……而是……”的结构，所以选B项。

40．B考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。

根据上文可知，作者最终获得了珍贵的友谊，这也是他所认为的交换生生涯中最宝贵的经验和财富，所以选B。

第二部分：阅读理解(第一节20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分)
第一节：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A
No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
Let's take a man we'll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At
the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn't make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs w ith symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people's attention.
A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.
41．What probably led to the start of advertising?
A．The discovery of iron.
B．The specialization of labor.
C．The appearance of new jobs.
D．The development of farming techniques.
42．To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright ________.
A．praised his plows in public
B．placed a sign outside the shop
C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop
D．showed his products to the customers
43．The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to________.
A．explain the origin of advertising
B．predict the future of advertising
C．expose problems in advertising
D．provide suggestions for advertising
44．In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who ________.
A. owned a ship
B. had the loudest voice
C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers
D. functioned like today's TV or radio commercial
45．The last two paragraphs are mainly about________.
A. the history of advertising
B. the benefits of advertising
C. the early forms of advertising
D. the basic design of advertising
【要点综述】什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？在文章中作者将会告诉我们一些有关广告历史的故事。

让我们读文章去了解一下吧。

41．B 考查细节理解。

从文章第一段“No one knows for sure…That led to the concept of specialization…”可知劳动的专业化导致广告的开始，故答案应该选B项。

42．B考查细节理解。

从文章第四段“…and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.”可知，他放了一块标牌在外面以吸引顾客，所以选B 项。

43．A考查推理判断。

从第五段“Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.”知，作者通过上面列举的两个例子，阐述广告最有可能的起源，所以答案选A项。

44．D考查推理判断。

从全文最后一段“A crier, in the historical sense…in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.”知，古代的crier如同现代社会电视和广播中的商业代言人，所以选D项。

45．C考查段落大意。

从“A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.”和“A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily…”知，最后两段主要讨论了古代商业广告的模式，所以选C项。

B
Belo w is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, w hy are v eins(静脉) blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when it's outside the body, when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple colour. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which w orks harder, your heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because
even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and w hy don't they gro w back in gro w n-ups?
Baby(or“milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you're done. When they're gone, they're gone. This is because nature figures you're set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn't because they're shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力). Many(but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don't really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards—their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的)?
Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling. The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not!
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area—from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the
planet.
If exercise w ears you out, ho w can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it's “use it, or lose it”！It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
46. What is the colour of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A. Blue.
B. Light yellow.
C. Red.
D. Dark reddish purple.
47．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A. Because their spine is in active use.
B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C. Because they keep growing backwards.
D. Because their spine becomes more bent.
48．Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A. In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B. When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C. The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D. Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
49．What is the main purpose of the selection?
A. To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B. To provide information about our body.
C. To challenge new findings in medical research.
D. To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
【要点综述】本文是一篇常见的应用文，主要向读者介绍了与我们人体相关的一些知识和信息。

46．D考查细节理解。

从第一则中的“…it's more of a dark reddish purple colour.”可知，血液应该是深紫红色，所以答案选D项。

47．D考查细节理解。

从第四则中的“They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse…”可知，由于脊柱的弯
曲，所以导致老年人看起来有点矮了，所以答案选D项。

48．A考查细节理解。

从第二则中的“But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.”可知，脑子要比心脏更努力、更辛苦，所以答案选A项。

49．B考查写作意图。

从全文知，这是一篇医学科技类的文章，主要介绍了与我们人体相关的一些知识，所以B项能很好地概括全文。

C
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”—the real mother or the mother-substitute (母亲替代物).
During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother-substitutes—one covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their favorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother.
Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs
itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub” as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.
According to the Harlows, the basic quality of a baby's love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. It then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”.
50．Psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life?
A. Warmth.
B. Milk.
C. Contact.
D. Trust.
51．After the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is ________.
A. larger in size
B. closer to them
C. less frightening and less disturbing
D. more comfortable to rub against
52．What does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？
A. Attention.
B. Softness.
C. Confidence.
D. Interest.
53．It can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, ________.
A. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toys
B. it spends more time screaming to get rewards
C. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interesting
D. it cares less about whether its mother is still around
54．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. give the reasons for the experiment
B. present the findings of the experiment
C. introduce the method of the experiment
D. describe the process of the experiment
【要点综述】这是一篇说明文。

作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。

50．A考查细节理解。

从文章第一段“During the first few days of its life…onto almost any large, warm, and soft object…”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选A项。

51．D考查推理判断。

从第三段“Why is cloth preferable to bare wire？…Baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins…”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选D项。

52．C考查细节理解。

从第三段“Prolonged (长时间的)‘contact comfort’with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and …”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此C项是最佳答案。

53．D考查推理判断。

从最后一段“If its cloth mother is now introduced…it obviously begins to feel more secure.It then climbs down from…and less and less time holding onto its ‘mother’．”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以D项正确。

54．B 考查写作意图。

文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以B项为最佳答案。

D
In 1974, after filling out fifty applications, going through four interviews, and winning one offer, I took what I could get—a teaching job at what I considered a distant wild area: western New Jersey. My characteristic optimism was alive only
when I reminded myself that I would be doing what I had wanted to do since I was fourteen—teaching English.
School started, but I felt more and more as if I were in a foreign country. Was this rural area really New Jersey? My students took a week off when hunting season began. I was told they were also frequently absent in late October to help their fathers make hay on the farms. I was a young woman from New York City, who thought that “Make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.
But, still, I was teaching English. I worked hard, taking time off only to eat and sleep. And then there was my sixth-grade class—seventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me. I had a problem long before I knew it. I was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher. I wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word. The students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.
In college I had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior. So I did, confident that, as the textbook had said, the bad behavior would disappear as I gave my students positive attention. It sounds reasonable, but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seem reasonable. By the time my boss, who was also my taskmaster, known to be the strictest, most demanding, most quick to fire inexperienced teachers, came into the classroom to observe me, the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.
My boss sat in the back of the room. The boys in the class were making animal noises, hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines. I just pretended it all wasn't happening, and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions. My boss, sitting in the back of the room, seemed to be growing bigger and bigger. After twenty minutes he left, silently. Visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.
I felt mildly victorious that I got through the rest of class without crying, but at my next free period I had to face him. I wondered if he would let me finish out the day.
I walked to his office, took a deep breath, and opened the door.
He was sitting in his chair, and he looked at me long and hard. I said nothing. All。